CN112767322A - Airport cement pavement FOD risk assessment method and device - Google Patents
Airport cement pavement FOD risk assessment method and deviceDownload PDFInfo
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- CN112767322A CN112767322ACN202110007571.8ACN202110007571ACN112767322ACN 112767322 ACN112767322 ACN 112767322ACN 202110007571 ACN202110007571 ACN 202110007571ACN 112767322 ACN112767322 ACN 112767322A
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of airport pavement, in particular to an airport cement pavement FOD risk assessment method and device.
Background
FOD (foreign Object debris), a foreign substance, debris or Object that may damage an aircraft (the origin of the production of FOD in airports includes, in addition to foreign objects, the pavement itself spalling material). The cement concrete pavement is influenced by multiple factors such as construction process level, maintenance level, geological conditions and the like, and when a shallow surface layer has an internal nearly horizontal crack, the material above the crack is easy to peel off under the action of external force, so that FOD is formed. Especially for cracks and internal nearly horizontal cracks (the included angle with the horizontal direction is less than 5 degrees) at plate joints, the load transfer capacity is reduced due to the discontinuous road surface structure, and the FOD generation risk is larger. At present, no method and device for evaluating the FOD risk of the cement pavement of the airport through the detection result of the internal damage of the pavement exist in the prior art. At present, in an airport in the prior art, generated FOD can be detected only in the modes of radar waves, vision, laser and the like, or the risk of FOD generation of cracks is evaluated in the mode of manual experience on the width or the position of the cracks, so that the operation safety of an airplane is difficult to guarantee. At present, the generated FOD is easy to detect, and at an airport pavement, the part of the generated unknown FOD is generated after cracks of pavement concrete bear airplane load.
For example, the invention is a Chinese patent with the patent application number of '201910358360.1' and the name of 'FOD detection method based on convolutional neural network', and mainly generates a target candidate region for an input image based on a Faster R-CNN algorithm framework, and simultaneously adopts DenseNet to replace the traditional VGG16-Net for feature extraction, thereby greatly reducing network parameters, fully utilizing target features and being beneficial to the detection of FOD with small size. The technique also improves the Loss function of classification in the RPN layer, optimizes the weights of positive and negative samples using the Focal local, so that the training result focuses on the FOD target of small size which is difficult to classify in the samples.
The method is characterized by comprising three steps of image quality evaluation, image quality correction enhancement and object identification as a Chinese invention patent with the patent application number of '201711015466.9' and the name of 'an airport runway FOD foreign matter detection method'; the technical scheme introduces a runway image quality evaluation and enhancement means, and evaluates the quality of the image by analyzing the characteristics of the runway image; and enhancing the images with different qualities by using corresponding image enhancement technologies, and finally performing object recognition analysis on the images to realize detection of FOD foreign matters of the runway.
It can be seen that the above techniques all detect the FOD that has been generated and cannot predict the non-generated material, debris or objects, and that the crack spalling material is an important source of FOD on cement concrete pavement. The visible light image technology can effectively identify pavement cracks and slab joints, the high-frequency three-dimensional ground penetrating radar can perform high-definition imaging on the internal structure of the pavement, and the appearance of the cracks in the shallow surface layer of the pavement can be effectively captured. Therefore, an airport cement pavement FOD risk assessment method and device with simple logic and reliable estimation are urgently needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide an airport cement pavement FOD risk assessment method, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a FOD risk assessment method for an airport cement pavement surface adopts a visible light camera which vertically downwards shoots visible light images of cracks on the cement pavement surface; adopting a three-dimensional ground penetrating radar which advances along the horizontal direction to detect and acquire ground penetrating radar images of the cement road surface; the method comprises the following steps:
extracting a crack projection outline in the visible light image by image segmentation to obtain a crack projection area S1；
Preprocessing the ground penetrating radar image and utilizing water in the ground penetrating radar image of the three-dimensional ground penetrating radarThree-dimensional views of the plane, the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction extract the depth h between the crack and the surface of the pavement and the projection profile S of the crack along the horizontal direction2；
According to the detection position of the three-dimensional ground penetrating radar and the position of the image, the projection profile S of the crack along the horizontal direction2Projected to the crack projection area S1On the image;
determining a projection profile S2And a crack projection area S1A minimum pitch d;
if the depth h is less than or equal to the preset depth threshold h1Then the area where the cement pavement crack is located is high in FOD risk;
if the depth h is larger than the preset depth threshold h1And is less than a preset depth threshold h2The method comprises the following steps:
(1) if the minimum distance d is smaller than the preset minimum distance threshold d of the profile1Then the area where the cement pavement crack is located is high in FOD risk;
(2) if the minimum distance d is larger than or equal to the preset minimum distance threshold d of the profile1And is less than the preset minimum distance threshold d of the profile2The area where the cement pavement crack is located is the middle FOD risk;
(3) if the minimum distance d is larger than or equal to the preset minimum distance threshold d of the profile2Then the area where the cement pavement crack is located is low in FOD risk;
if the depth h is larger than the preset depth threshold h2And in the process, the area where the cement pavement crack is located has no FOD risk.
And further, preprocessing the ground penetrating radar image, including zero offset correction, zero point removal and digital filtering.
Preferably, the depth threshold h1The value is 1-1.5 cm; the depth threshold h2The value is 3-4 cm.
Preferably, said contour minimum distance threshold d1The value is 1-2 cm; the contour minimum distance threshold d2The value is 4-5 cm.
A device adopting an airport cement pavement FOD risk assessment method comprises a visible light camera which vertically shoots visible light images of cracks of a cement pavement downwards, a three-dimensional ground penetrating radar which advances along the horizontal direction to detect and collect ground penetrating radar images of the cement pavement, and a readable storage medium which is connected with the visible light camera and the three-dimensional ground penetrating radar and is used for obtaining the visible light images and the ground penetrating radar images and carrying out the FOD risk assessment of the airport cement pavement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention skillfully utilizes the visible light camera to collect the visible light image, which can directly identify the crack and distinguish the crack and the cement concrete area under the projection vision; in addition, the invention adopts a three-dimensional ground penetrating radar to detect and collect ground penetrating radar images of the cement road surface, and the shape and the size of the internal damage can be obtained according to the data of the ground penetrating radar. When there is a breakage in the cement concrete at the crack edge, there is a risk of peeling off the crack, and therefore, by detecting the cement concrete crack and the internal breakage, the risk of the crack edge peeling off to generate FOD can be effectively evaluated.
(2) The depth between the crack and the surface of the pavement and the projection profile of the crack along the horizontal direction are extracted by utilizing the horizontal, transverse and longitudinal three-dimensional views in the ground penetrating radar image, and the method has the advantage of extracting the real influence range of the internal damage on the spatial scale for the fusion correlation evaluation of the crack on the space.
(3) The invention utilizes the depth h and the projection profile S2And a crack projection area S1The minimum distance d is used for FOD risk judgment, and the method has the advantages that the association degree of the two data is fully utilized, the risk situation that the structure is peeled off is judged in advance from the aspect of road surface structure damage, the one-sidedness of single data evaluation is avoided, and the FOD risk evaluation confidence coefficient is improved.
In conclusion, the method has the advantages of simple logic, reliable estimation and the like, and has high practical value and popularization value in the technical field of airport pavement.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of protection, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other related drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of image acquisition according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a crack projection region S of the present invention1And an internal damaged area S2The image of (2).
In the drawings, the names of the parts corresponding to the reference numerals are as follows:
1. a visible light camera; 2. a three-dimensional ground penetrating radar; 3. a road surface; 4. cracking; 5. the inside is damaged.
Detailed Description
To further clarify the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following examples. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the present embodiment provides an airport cement pavement FOD risk assessment method and apparatus, which includes using a visible light camera for vertically shooting a visible light image of a crack of a cement pavement downwards, using a three-dimensional ground penetrating radar for detecting and collecting a ground penetrating radar image of the cement pavement, and a readable storage medium connected with the visible light camera and the three-dimensional ground penetrating radar for acquiring the visible light image and the ground penetrating radar image and performing an airport cement pavement FOD risk assessment.
Specifically, the method for evaluating the FOD risk of the airport cement pavement surface of the embodiment includes the following steps:
firstly, extracting a crack projection outline in a visible light image by utilizing image segmentation to obtain a crack projection area S1；
Secondly, pre-processing the ground penetrating radar imageProcessing (zero offset correction, zero point removal and digital filtering, conventional techniques) and extracting the depth h between the crack and the pavement surface and the projection profile S of the crack in the horizontal direction using the horizontal, horizontal and longitudinal three-dimensional views in the ground penetrating radar image of the three-dimensional ground penetrating radar2(horizontal projection of internal damage);
thirdly, according to the detection position of the three-dimensional ground penetrating radar and the position of the image, projecting the contour S of the crack along the horizontal direction2Projected to the crack projection area S1On the image;
the fourth step, find out the projection profile S2And a crack projection area S1A minimum pitch d;
(I) if the depth h is less than or equal to the preset depth threshold value of 1cm, the area where the cement pavement crack is located is high in FOD risk;
if the depth h is greater than the preset depth threshold value by 1cm and less than the preset depth threshold value by 3.5 cm:
(1) if the minimum distance d is smaller than the preset minimum distance threshold value of the profile by 1.5cm, the area where the cement pavement crack is located is high in FOD risk;
(2) if the minimum distance d is greater than or equal to a preset minimum distance threshold value of the profile by 1.5cm and less than a preset minimum distance threshold value of the profile by 4.5cm, determining that the area where the cement pavement crack is located is an intermediate FOD risk;
(3) if the minimum distance d is larger than or equal to the preset minimum distance threshold value of the profile, namely 4.5cm, the area where the cement pavement crack is located is low in FOD risk;
and if the depth h is greater than the preset depth threshold value by 3.5cm, the FOD risk does not exist in the area where the cement pavement crack is located.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, but all the modifications made by the principles of the present invention and the non-inventive efforts based on the above-mentioned embodiments shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A FOD risk assessment method for an airport cement pavement is characterized in that a visible light camera for vertically shooting visible light images of cracks of the cement pavement downwards is adopted; adopting a three-dimensional ground penetrating radar which advances along the horizontal direction to detect and acquire ground penetrating radar images of the cement road surface; the method comprises the following steps:
extracting a crack projection outline in the visible light image by image segmentation to obtain a crack projection area S1；
Preprocessing the ground penetrating radar image, and extracting the depth h between the crack and the surface of the pavement and the projection profile S of the crack along the horizontal direction by utilizing the horizontal, transverse and longitudinal three-dimensional views in the ground penetrating radar image of the three-dimensional ground penetrating radar2；
According to the detection position of the three-dimensional ground penetrating radar and the position of the image, the projection profile S of the crack along the horizontal direction2Projected to the crack projection area S1On the image;
determining a projection profile S2And a crack projection area S1A minimum pitch d;
if the depth h is less than or equal to the preset depth threshold h1Then the area where the cement pavement crack is located is high in FOD risk;
if the depth h is larger than the preset depth threshold h1And is less than a preset depth threshold h2The method comprises the following steps:
(1) if the minimum distance d is smaller than the preset minimum distance threshold d of the profile1Then the area where the cement pavement crack is located is high in FOD risk;
(2) if the minimum distance d is larger than or equal to the preset minimum distance threshold d of the profile1And is less than the preset minimum distance threshold d of the profile2The area where the cement pavement crack is located is the middle FOD risk;
(3) if the minimum distance d is larger than or equal to the preset minimum distance threshold d of the profile2Then the area where the cement pavement crack is located is low in FOD risk;
if the depth h is larger than the preset depth threshold h2And in the process, the area where the cement pavement crack is located has no FOD risk.
2. The method for evaluating the FOD risk of the airport cement road surface according to claim 1, wherein the ground penetrating radar image is preprocessed by zero offset correction, zero point removal and digital filtering.
3. The method for evaluating FOD risk of airport cement pavement according to claim 1, wherein the depth threshold h is1The value is 1-1.5 cm; the depth threshold h2The value is 3-4 cm.
4. The method for evaluating the FOD risk of the airport cement road surface according to claim 1, wherein the contour minimum distance threshold d1The value is 1-2 cm; the contour minimum distance threshold d2The value is 4-5 cm.
5. The device for the FOD risk assessment method of the airport cement pavement according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising a visible light camera for vertically shooting visible light images of cracks of the cement pavement downwards, a three-dimensional ground penetrating radar for detecting and collecting ground penetrating radar images of the cement pavement by advancing along the horizontal direction, and a readable storage medium which is connected with the visible light camera and the three-dimensional ground penetrating radar and is used for acquiring the visible light images and the ground penetrating radar images and carrying out FOD risk assessment on the airport cement pavement.
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