技术领域Technical field
本发明属于径流预报和径流预测分析技术领域，具体涉及一种基于卫星微波观测资料的径流预测系统及方法。The invention belongs to the technical fields of runoff forecasting and runoff prediction analysis, and specifically relates to a runoff forecasting system and method based on satellite microwave observation data.
背景技术Background technique
目前，国内外用于探测大气参数的技术手段主要包括：飞机机载仪器直接探测、地基微波辐射计或雷达的遥感探测、以及卫星遥感探测。由于在某一区域的大气结构在时间和空间上的复杂多变性，加之实际探测的困难，如何在现有的技术条件下更精确更及时地确定强降水路径，是当今大气科学所面临的一项重要任务。At present, the technical means used to detect atmospheric parameters at home and abroad mainly include: direct detection by aircraft onboard instruments, remote sensing detection by ground-based microwave radiometers or radars, and satellite remote sensing detection. Due to the complex variability of the atmospheric structure in a certain area in time and space, coupled with the difficulty of actual detection, how to determine the path of heavy precipitation more accurately and timely under the existing technical conditions is a problem faced by atmospheric science today. an important task.
通过对现有的天气系统尺度特征的分析、暴雨的天气气候特征概述分析表明，以灾害性中小尺度天气系统的监测预警为目的，目前，常规探测资料无法满足应用需求。目前，探空站间距一般也都在100公里，每天只有两次常规观测。另外，对于灾害性天气的监测预警来说大气参数的垂直分布信息尤其重要。Through the analysis of the existing scale characteristics of weather systems and the summary analysis of the weather and climate characteristics of heavy rains, it is shown that for the purpose of monitoring and early warning of disastrous medium- and small-scale weather systems, conventional detection data currently cannot meet the application needs. At present, the distance between sounding stations is generally 100 kilometers, and there are only two routine observations per day. In addition, the vertical distribution information of atmospheric parameters is particularly important for monitoring and warning of disastrous weather.
降雨径流预测的方法主要有数理统计预测方法、数学物理模型预报方法等。随着数值计算技术的发展，水文预测同其它学科也有了交叉并产生了一些新的方法，如：人工神经网络方法、灰色系统预测方法、投影寻踪方法及均生函数预测方法等。基于上述方法的降水径流预测系统存在着不足之处，很多数学模型都是基于一定的假设，在某种理想的状态下建立起来的，与实际情况存在着一定的差距，且缺乏较为准确的高时空分辨率的气象资料，以建立与实际情况更加符合的水文数学模型，本申请在这方面进行了改进。Methods for predicting rainfall and runoff mainly include mathematical statistical prediction methods, mathematical and physical model prediction methods, etc. With the development of numerical computing technology, hydrological prediction has also intersected with other disciplines and produced some new methods, such as artificial neural network method, gray system prediction method, projection pursuit method and homogeneous function prediction method, etc. Precipitation and runoff prediction systems based on the above methods have shortcomings. Many mathematical models are based on certain assumptions and are established in a certain ideal state. There is a certain gap between them and the actual situation, and there is a lack of more accurate high-level data. Meteorological data with spatial and temporal resolution are used to establish a hydrological mathematical model that is more consistent with the actual situation. This application has made improvements in this regard.
卫星遥感是唯一能够对热带风暴过程进行监测的观测手段，利用卫星遥感对强对流的形成、运动和演化过程进行监测，对于灾害的预警、监测和减少灾害影响具有重要意义。微波、毫米波可以穿透云雨大气，提供云雨内部三维结构信息，实现对大尺度台风结构及其变化的有效监测，以及实时获取大气温度、湿度、降水、气压和包括云路径、冰水含量、粒子尺寸等的云的宏微观参数是重要的大气物理参数，对于准确的天气预报、气候和水循环、能量循环等地球科学研究具有非常重要的意义，也是实现准确及时天气水文预报的关键要素。Satellite remote sensing is the only observation method that can monitor the process of tropical storms. Using satellite remote sensing to monitor the formation, movement and evolution of strong convection is of great significance for disaster early warning, monitoring and reducing the impact of disasters. Microwaves and millimeter waves can penetrate the atmosphere of clouds and rain, provide information on the internal three-dimensional structure of clouds and rain, realize effective monitoring of large-scale typhoon structures and their changes, and obtain real-time atmospheric temperature, humidity, precipitation, air pressure, including cloud paths, ice water content, Cloud macro- and micro-parameters such as particle size are important atmospheric physical parameters, which are of great significance for earth science research such as accurate weather forecasting, climate and water cycle, and energy cycle. They are also a key element in achieving accurate and timely weather and hydrological forecasts.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于，为解决现有的径流预测方法存在的上述技术缺陷，基于全球预报场、再分析格点数据和区域高分辨率观测数据，结合卫星资料获取模块获得的卫星红外和微波数据和水文资料获取模块，获得的地面径流资料，所述地面径流资料包括地面基本GIS和水文信息，本发明提出了一种基于卫星微波观测资料的径流预测方法，结合气象和水文信息，实现台风路径和强度预报，降水过程和降水量预报，进而实现台风预警、降水过程和雨量预警、河湖库塘水文预报、区域产汇流过程预报、城市河道水位、路面积水预报、区域洪水预报、区域防台预泄决策、区域防洪排涝决策和洪涝灾害预报。The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical defects in existing runoff prediction methods, based on global forecast fields, reanalysis grid data and regional high-resolution observation data, combined with satellite infrared and microwave data obtained by the satellite data acquisition module and hydrological data acquisition module to obtain surface runoff data, which includes basic ground GIS and hydrological information. The present invention proposes a runoff prediction method based on satellite microwave observation data, combining meteorological and hydrological information to realize the typhoon path and intensity forecast, precipitation process and precipitation amount forecast, thereby realizing typhoon early warning, precipitation process and rainfall amount early warning, hydrological forecast of rivers, lakes and ponds, regional production and convergence process forecast, urban river water level, road accumulation forecast, regional flood forecast, regional prevention and control Taiwan pre-discharge decision-making, regional flood control and drainage decision-making and flood disaster forecasting.
为了实现上述目的，本发明提出了一种基于卫星微波观测资料的径流预测系统，该系统具体包括：卫星资料获取模块、人工智能模块、降水预报分析模块、校正模块、水文资料获取模块、水文预报模块和响应演示模块；In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention proposes a runoff prediction system based on satellite microwave observation data. The system specifically includes: satellite data acquisition module, artificial intelligence module, precipitation forecast analysis module, correction module, hydrological data acquisition module, hydrological forecast Modules and responsive demo modules;
所述卫星资料获取模块，用于实时获取某一特定区域内的卫星资料；The satellite data acquisition module is used to acquire satellite data in a specific area in real time;
所述人工智能模块，用于利用风云气象卫星数年观测数据和区域可降水历史记录数据建立数据库，并采用统计分析和预报模式相结合的方式，得到可降水分析模型；The artificial intelligence module is used to establish a database using several years of Fengyun meteorological satellite observation data and regional precipitable water historical record data, and uses a combination of statistical analysis and forecast models to obtain a precipitable water analysis model;
所述降水预报分析模块，用于通过实时获取的卫星资料和可降水分析模型，实时进行降水路径和强度预报分析，获得该区域内的降水量和降水路径预报；The precipitation forecast analysis module is used to conduct real-time precipitation path and intensity forecast analysis through real-time acquired satellite data and precipitable water analysis models, and obtain precipitation amount and precipitation path forecasts in the area;
所述校正模块，用于利用该区域内的降水量和降水路径预报对预先存储在数据库中的常规降水量和降水路径结果进行修正，获得修正后的降水量和降水路径预报，并将其存储在数据库中；The correction module is used to use the precipitation amount and precipitation path forecast in the area to correct the conventional precipitation amount and precipitation path results pre-stored in the database, obtain the corrected precipitation amount and precipitation path forecast, and store it in the database;
所述水文资料获取模块，用于获取地面径流资料；The hydrological data acquisition module is used to acquire surface runoff data;
所述水文预报模块，用于利用卫星气象产品和水文资料信息，基于大气水文耦合模式，模拟复杂地形条件下的水文过程，提供该区域内的水位预报、预警和预泄决策；The hydrological forecast module is used to use satellite meteorological products and hydrological data information, based on the atmospheric hydrological coupling model, to simulate the hydrological process under complex terrain conditions, and provide water level forecast, early warning and pre-discharge decisions in the area;
所述响应演示模块，用于根据获得的修正后的降水量和降水路径预报，结合地面径流资料，模拟未来数小时内降水径流趋势和降水在地面向低处汇流，最终进入河道的过程，实现径流预测。The response demonstration module is used to simulate the precipitation runoff trend in the next few hours and the process of precipitation converging to lower places on the ground and finally entering the river channel based on the obtained corrected precipitation amount and precipitation path forecast, combined with surface runoff data, to achieve Runoff forecast.
作为上述技术方案的改进之一，所述气象产品包括：大气温湿度廓线、大气水汽含量、云中液态水、气压、降雨率、强对流和台风路径。As one of the improvements to the above technical solution, the meteorological products include: atmospheric temperature and humidity profile, atmospheric water vapor content, liquid water in clouds, air pressure, rainfall rate, strong convection and typhoon path.
作为上述技术方案的改进之一，所述复杂地形条件下的水文过程为模拟陆面、土壤物理过程，以及地表、地下水流和积涝/水库积水过程。As one of the improvements to the above technical solution, the hydrological process under complex terrain conditions is to simulate land surface and soil physical processes, as well as surface and underground flow and waterlogging/reservoir water accumulation processes.
本发明还提供了一种基于卫星微波观测资料的径流预测方法，该方法基于所述的预测系统实现，该方法包括：The present invention also provides a runoff prediction method based on satellite microwave observation data. The method is implemented based on the prediction system. The method includes:
实时获取某一特定区域内的卫星资料；Obtain satellite data in a specific area in real time;
通过实时获取的卫星资料，实时进行降水路径和强度预报分析，获得该区域内的降水量和降水路径预报；Through real-time acquisition of satellite data, real-time precipitation path and intensity forecast analysis is performed to obtain precipitation amount and precipitation path forecasts in the region;
利用该区域内的降水量和降水路径预报对预先存储在数据库中的常规降水量和降水路径结果进行修正，获得修正后的降水量和降水路径预报，并将其存储在数据库中；Use the precipitation amount and precipitation path forecast in the area to correct the conventional precipitation amount and precipitation path results pre-stored in the database, obtain the corrected precipitation amount and precipitation path forecast, and store it in the database;
利用卫星气象产品和水文资料信息，基于大气水文耦合模式，模拟复杂地形条件下的水文过程，提供该区域内的水位预报、预警和预泄决策；Utilize satellite meteorological products and hydrological data information, based on the atmospheric hydrological coupling model, to simulate the hydrological process under complex terrain conditions, and provide water level forecasts, early warnings and pre-discharge decisions in the region;
根据获得的修正后的降水量和降水路径预报，结合水文资料获取模块获得的地面径流资料，模拟未来数小时内降水径流趋势和降水在地面向低处汇流，最终进入河道的过程，实现径流预测。Based on the obtained revised precipitation amount and precipitation path forecast, combined with the surface runoff data obtained by the hydrological data acquisition module, the precipitation runoff trend in the next few hours and the process of precipitation converging to lower places on the ground and finally entering the river are simulated to achieve runoff prediction. .
本发明相比于现有技术的有益效果在于：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明实现的一种基于卫星微波资料的径流预测系统，利用卫星资料全天候全天时有效的特点，融合空天地(卫星、常规观测、地面基本GIS和水文信息)多源数据，基于天气预报研究模式、人工智能模块和水文预报模块结合全球及区域预报场和再分析场数据，实现高分辨率径流预测系统，该系统对暴雨、涝灾具有有效的模拟和预报能力，涵盖区域范围内所有湖库塘水位预报、预警和预泄决策指导功能；使用降水预报分析模块和分析模块进行定量降雨预测，再使用水文预报模块预测径流，具有高准确度和更长的预见期，具有一定的先进性和使用效果。The invention implements a runoff prediction system based on satellite microwave data, which utilizes the characteristics of satellite data that are effective all day and all day long, integrates air, space and ground (satellite, conventional observation, ground basic GIS and hydrological information) multi-source data, and is based on weather forecast research. The model, artificial intelligence module and hydrological forecast module combine global and regional forecast field and reanalysis field data to realize a high-resolution runoff prediction system. This system has effective simulation and forecast capabilities for heavy rains and floods, covering all lakes and reservoirs in the region. Pond water level forecast, early warning and pre-discharge decision guidance function; use the precipitation forecast analysis module and analysis module to carry out quantitative rainfall forecast, and then use the hydrological forecast module to predict runoff, which has high accuracy and longer forecast period, and has a certain degree of advancement and Effect.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是本发明的一种基于卫星微波观测资料的径流预测系统的结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a runoff prediction system based on satellite microwave observation data of the present invention;
图2是本发明的一种基于卫星微波观测资料的径流预测方法流程图。Figure 2 is a flow chart of a runoff prediction method based on satellite microwave observation data of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
现结合附图对本发明作进一步的描述。The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本发明提出了一种基于卫星微波观测资料的径流预测系统，本发明创建了一种耦合模式，将大气与水文二者结合起来，将大气模式输出的结果，即卫星资料，作为耦合模型的输入，实现高分辨率径流预测，该系统对暴雨、涝灾具有有效的模拟和预报能力，涵盖区域范围内所有湖库塘水位预报、预警和预泄决策指导功能。As shown in Figure 1, the present invention proposes a runoff prediction system based on satellite microwave observation data. The present invention creates a coupling model that combines the atmosphere and hydrology, and combines the output results of the atmospheric model, that is, satellite data , as the input of the coupled model, to achieve high-resolution runoff prediction. The system has effective simulation and forecasting capabilities for heavy rains and waterlogging, and covers water level forecasting, early warning and pre-discharge decision guidance functions for all lakes, ponds and ponds in the region.
所述系统包括：卫星资料获取模块、人工智能模块、降水预报分析模块、校正模块、水文资料获取模块、水文预报模块和响应演示模块。The system includes: a satellite data acquisition module, an artificial intelligence module, a precipitation forecast analysis module, a correction module, a hydrological data acquisition module, a hydrological forecast module and a response demonstration module.
所述卫星资料获取模块，用于实时获取某一特定区域内的卫星资料，是大气模式参数预报的必要条件；所述卫星微波资料为公开的风云和海洋卫星观测资料，其包括：可降水数据和降水量数据；The satellite data acquisition module is used to obtain satellite data in a specific area in real time, which is a necessary condition for atmospheric model parameter prediction; the satellite microwave data is public wind, cloud and ocean satellite observation data, which includes: precipitable water data and precipitation data;
具体地，利用改进的大气模式参数预报和同化模式，采用高分辨率的时变的背景误差协方差矩阵，时变间隔为15分钟，再采用同化卫星微波资料的方式，根据人工智能方法和大数据分析方法，获取24-48小时的可降水数据和降水量数据；其中，本实施中的改进的大气模式参数预报和同化模式并不是常规的同化模式中的静态背景误差协方差矩阵，而是采用了高分辨率的时变的背景误差协方差矩阵，有效提高了预报准确度。Specifically, an improved atmospheric model parameter forecast and assimilation model is used, a high-resolution time-varying background error covariance matrix is used, and the time-varying interval is 15 minutes, and then the satellite microwave data is assimilated. According to artificial intelligence methods and large-scale Data analysis method to obtain 24-48 hours of precipitable water data and precipitation data; among them, the improved atmospheric model parameter forecast and assimilation model in this implementation is not the static background error covariance matrix in the conventional assimilation model, but A high-resolution time-varying background error covariance matrix is used to effectively improve the forecast accuracy.
所述人工智能模块，用于利用风云气象卫星数年观测数据和区域可降水历史记录数据建立数据库，采用统计分析和预报模式相结合，得到具有高适应性和准确性的可降水分析模型；The artificial intelligence module is used to establish a database using several years of Fengyun meteorological satellite observation data and regional precipitable water historical record data, and uses a combination of statistical analysis and forecasting models to obtain a precipitable water analysis model with high adaptability and accuracy;
所述降水预报分析模块，用于通过实时获取的卫星资料，结合全球再分析数据，利用大气同化模式WRFDA，设定区域，对大气同化模式进行参数化，设置预报时长和分辨率，进行降水路径和强度预报分析，获得降水量和降水路径预报；The precipitation forecast analysis module is used to obtain satellite data in real time, combined with global reanalysis data, and use the atmospheric assimilation model WRFDA to set the area, parameterize the atmospheric assimilation model, set the forecast duration and resolution, and carry out the precipitation path. and intensity forecast analysis to obtain precipitation amount and precipitation path forecasts;
具体地，卫星资料经过在线读取，获取经纬度和时间，经过质量控制和时空匹配后，对其进行格式转换，即HDF格式转换为二进制格式，基于改进的背景误差协方差矩阵的大气同化模式，开展卫星资料同化，预报强降水路径和强度，并结合常规降水预报，提供优化的强降水路径和强度预报。Specifically, the satellite data is read online to obtain the longitude, latitude and time. After quality control and spatio-temporal matching, the format is converted, that is, the HDF format is converted into a binary format, and the atmospheric assimilation mode is based on the improved background error covariance matrix. Carry out satellite data assimilation to forecast the path and intensity of heavy precipitation, and combine it with conventional precipitation forecasts to provide optimized forecasts of the path and intensity of heavy precipitation.
所述校正模块，用于利用该区域内的降水量和降水路径预报对预先存储在数据库中的常规降水量和降水路径结果进行修正，获得修正后的降水量和降水路径预报，并将其存储在数据库中；The correction module is used to use the precipitation amount and precipitation path forecast in the area to correct the conventional precipitation amount and precipitation path results pre-stored in the database, obtain the corrected precipitation amount and precipitation path forecast, and store it in the database;
所述水文资料获取模块，用于获取地面径流资料；其中，所述地面径流资料包括：地面基本GIS和水文信息；The hydrological data acquisition module is used to acquire ground runoff data; wherein the ground runoff data includes: basic ground GIS and hydrological information;
所述水文预报模块，用于利用卫星气象产品和水文信息，如大气温湿度廓线、大气水汽含量，云中液态水，气压，降雨率，强对流，台风路径等，基于大气水文耦合模式，模拟复杂地形条件下的水文过程，如模拟陆面、土壤物理过程，地表、地下水流和积涝/水库积水过程，提供该区域内的水文预报，如水位预报、预警和预泄决策等；The hydrological forecast module is used to utilize satellite meteorological products and hydrological information, such as atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles, atmospheric water vapor content, liquid water in clouds, air pressure, rainfall rates, strong convection, typhoon paths, etc., based on the atmospheric hydrological coupling model, Simulate hydrological processes under complex terrain conditions, such as simulating land surface and soil physical processes, surface and underground flow and waterlogging/reservoir water accumulation processes, and provide hydrological forecasts in the area, such as water level forecasts, early warnings and pre-release decisions, etc.;
具体地，所述的大气水文耦合模式，是指将大气同化模型与水文模型耦合来研究水循环，达到径流准确预测的目标。大气同化模型的高分辨率输出结果，如大气温湿度廓线、大气水汽含量，云中液态水，气压，降雨率，强对流，台风路径等常规气象观测数据和卫星数据，用作气象的强迫因子来驱动区域尺度和流域尺度的水文模型输入，参数率定方案结合陆地水文信息、大气信息和海路陆交界信息。根据区域地形地貌和水文信息，需要系统设置，预报系统静态参数设置和预处理，实时输入数据处理，水文模式预报和降水观测资料融合流程控制；耦合方式为双向耦合，将水文模型的结果栅格化输入大气模型，使用降雨、历史雨量、历史径流和历史蒸散发作为两种模型的交互关系的纽带，考虑水文模型与大气模型的交互机制。Specifically, the atmospheric-hydrological coupling model refers to coupling the atmospheric assimilation model and the hydrological model to study the water cycle and achieve the goal of accurate runoff prediction. The high-resolution output results of the atmospheric assimilation model, such as atmospheric temperature and humidity profile, atmospheric water vapor content, liquid water in clouds, air pressure, rainfall rate, strong convection, typhoon path and other conventional meteorological observation data and satellite data, are used as meteorological forcing Factors are used to drive regional-scale and basin-scale hydrological model inputs. The parameter calibration scheme combines land hydrological information, atmospheric information and sea-land boundary information. According to the regional topography and hydrological information, system settings are required, including static parameter setting and preprocessing of the forecast system, real-time input data processing, hydrological model forecast and precipitation observation data fusion process control; the coupling method is two-way coupling, and the results of the hydrological model are rasterized input the atmospheric model, use rainfall, historical rainfall, historical runoff and historical evapotranspiration as the link between the two models, and consider the interaction mechanism between the hydrological model and the atmospheric model.
所述响应演示模块，用于根据获得的修正后的降水量和降水路径预报，结合地面径流资料，模拟未来数小时内降水径流趋势和降水在地面向低处汇流，最终进入河道的过程，实现径流预测。其中，通过获取区域内各观测点径流水位流量及其历史趋势，并将其存储，获得地面径流资料；The response demonstration module is used to simulate the precipitation runoff trend in the next few hours and the process of precipitation converging to lower places on the ground and finally entering the river channel based on the obtained corrected precipitation amount and precipitation path forecast, combined with surface runoff data, to achieve Runoff forecast. Among them, surface runoff data is obtained by obtaining the runoff water level, flow rate and historical trend of each observation point in the region and storing it;
基于上述预测系统，本发明还提供了一种基于卫星微波观测资料的径流预测方法，如图2所示，该方法包括：Based on the above prediction system, the present invention also provides a runoff prediction method based on satellite microwave observation data. As shown in Figure 2, the method includes:
实时获取某一特定区域内的卫星资料；Obtain satellite data in a specific area in real time;
通过实时获取的卫星资料，实时进行降水路径和强度预报分析，获得该区域内的降水量和降水路径预报；Through real-time acquisition of satellite data, real-time precipitation path and intensity forecast analysis is performed to obtain precipitation amount and precipitation path forecasts in the region;
利用降水量和降水路径预报对预先存储在数据库中的常规降水量和降水路径结果进行修正，获得修正后的降水量和降水路径预报，并将其存储在数据库中；Use the precipitation amount and precipitation path forecast to correct the conventional precipitation amount and precipitation path results pre-stored in the database, obtain the corrected precipitation amount and precipitation path forecast, and store it in the database;
利用卫星气象产品和水文信息，基于大气水文耦合模式，模拟复杂地形条件下的水文过程，提供该区域内的水位预报、预警和预泄决策；Use satellite meteorological products and hydrological information, based on the atmospheric hydrological coupling model, to simulate hydrological processes under complex terrain conditions, and provide water level forecasts, early warnings and pre-discharge decisions in the region;
具体地，所述的大气水文耦合模式，是指将大气同化模型与水文模型耦合来研究水循环，达到径流准确预测的目标。大气同化模型的高分辨率输出结果，如大气温湿度廓线、大气水汽含量，云中液态水，气压，降雨率，强对流，台风路径等常规气象观测数据和卫星数据，用作气象的强迫因子来驱动区域尺度和流域尺度的水文模型输入，参数率定方案结合陆地水文信息、大气信息和海路陆交界信息。根据区域地形地貌和水文信息，需要系统设置，预报系统静态参数设置和预处理，实时输入数据处理，水文模式预报和降水观测资料融合流程控制；耦合方式为双向耦合，将水文模型的结果栅格化输入大气模型，使用降雨、历史雨量、历史径流和历史蒸散发作为两种模型的交互关系的纽带，考虑水文模型与大气模型的交互机制；Specifically, the atmospheric-hydrological coupling model refers to coupling the atmospheric assimilation model and the hydrological model to study the water cycle and achieve the goal of accurate runoff prediction. The high-resolution output results of the atmospheric assimilation model, such as atmospheric temperature and humidity profile, atmospheric water vapor content, liquid water in clouds, air pressure, rainfall rate, strong convection, typhoon path and other conventional meteorological observation data and satellite data, are used as meteorological forcing Factors are used to drive regional-scale and basin-scale hydrological model inputs. The parameter calibration scheme combines land hydrological information, atmospheric information and sea-land boundary information. According to the regional topography and hydrological information, system settings are required, including static parameter setting and preprocessing of the forecast system, real-time input data processing, hydrological model forecast and precipitation observation data fusion process control; the coupling method is two-way coupling, and the results of the hydrological model are rasterized input the atmospheric model, use rainfall, historical rainfall, historical runoff and historical evapotranspiration as the link between the two models, and consider the interaction mechanism between the hydrological model and the atmospheric model;
根据获得的修正后的降水量和降水路径预报，结合地面径流资料，模拟未来数小时内降水径流趋势和降水在地面向低处汇流，最终进入河道的过程，实现径流预测。Based on the obtained revised precipitation amount and precipitation path forecast, combined with surface runoff data, the precipitation runoff trend in the next few hours and the process of precipitation converging to lower areas on the ground and eventually entering the river are simulated to achieve runoff prediction.
最后所应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制。尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they shall all be covered by the scope of the present invention. within the scope of the claims.
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| CN201911075653.5ACN112766531B (en) | 2019-11-06 | 2019-11-06 | Runoff prediction system and method based on satellite microwave observation data |
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