CN112740991A - Farmland intelligent irrigation system and method based on moisture characteristic curve - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a farmland intelligent irrigation system and method based on a moisture characteristic curve, and the method comprises the following steps: measuring a soil moisture characteristic curve; determining a soil matrix suction range corresponding to the soil moisture content suitable for the growth of the planted plants based on the determined moisture characteristic curve; bury soil moisture tensiometer underground in the farmland, utilize soil moisture tensiometer to carry out real-time measurement to the soil matrix suction of farmland soil to soil matrix suction data transmission to the computer that will measure and obtain, the computer does the analysis to the soil matrix suction data received and makes the contrast with soil matrix suction scope, and then controls the opening of irrigation execution unit, prescribes the soil matrix suction in the second step within range of confirming with the farmland. The invention carries out farmland irrigation by adopting the principle based on the soil moisture characteristic curve, and has important significance for promoting farmland water conservancy construction, realizing field irrigation precision controllability, improving field irrigation control facilities and improving irrigation control technology.

Description

Farmland intelligent irrigation system and method based on moisture characteristic curve

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland irrigation, and particularly relates to an intelligent farmland irrigation system and method based on a moisture characteristic curve.

Background

The soil moisture characteristic curve is a relation curve of soil moisture and soil water suction (matrix potential), reflects a functional relation between soil water energy and soil water content, and is an important index for representing the basic hydrodynamic characteristics of soil. Is an important means for calculating various water motion parameters in the process of soil water evaporation, infiltration and solute transfer. Therefore, the accurate acquisition of the soil moisture characteristic curve has important significance for guiding farmland irrigation and promoting crop yield increase.

At present, the traditional irrigation mode of thousands of years is still followed in many areas of China, and the method of flood irrigation is adopted. When the land is watered, the whole field is filled with water, but the water consumption of the farmland is large due to large field deep seepage loss and poor controllability. If the field land is uneven and has high height, the water quantity needed by the land is larger to ensure that the land is flooded. On the other hand, the amount of water available to plants is only a small fraction of the total water volume, and the large amount of water used for field irrigation results in a very low water utilization. Although the rainwater resources in southern areas of China are relatively rich, the water resources in southern areas still have the disadvantages of seasonal water shortage, water quality water shortage and the like, so that the limited water resources are required to be used for farmland irrigation to a great extent, and higher requirements are provided for the utilization efficiency of the water resources.

Moreover, the current water distribution control in China mainly depends on manual work, and the manual control has the characteristics of strong subjectivity, large control error, high labor cost and the like, so that the irrigation quality and the irrigation cost are increased. Therefore, the principle of soil moisture characteristic curve-based farmland irrigation is of great significance for promoting farmland water conservancy modernization construction, realizing field irrigation precision controllability, improving field irrigation control facilities and improving irrigation control technology.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the problems of low water utilization efficiency, high labor cost and the like in the extensive irrigation mode and manual control irrigation method adopted in China for a long time, the invention provides an intelligent farmland irrigation system and method based on a water characteristic curve.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the farmland intelligent irrigation system based on the moisture characteristic curve comprises a data collection unit, a data analysis and processing unit, a system command unit and an irrigation execution unit;

the data collection unit is responsible for collecting farmland soil matrix suction data and sending the collected data to the cloud data platform through a wireless network;

the data analysis and processing unit is responsible for comparing the fed-back soil matrix suction data with a soil matrix suction range which is stored in the cloud data platform and is suitable for growth of planted plants, and feeding back a comparison result to the system command unit;

the system command unit controls farmland irrigation after sensing a feedback result of the upper layer system, sends a control command to the lower layer system, and the irrigation execution unit executes irrigation work after receiving the control command and performs start-stop operation on water supply;

finally, limiting the soil matrix suction of the farmland in the soil matrix suction range corresponding to the soil moisture content suitable for the growth of the planted plants.

The intelligent farmland irrigation method based on the water characteristic curve comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: measuring a soil moisture characteristic curve;

the second step is that: determining a soil matrix suction range corresponding to the soil moisture content suitable for the growth of the planted plants based on the determined moisture characteristic curve;

the third step: bury soil moisture tensiometer underground in the farmland, utilize soil moisture tensiometer to carry out real-time measurement to the soil matrix suction of farmland soil to soil matrix suction data transmission to the computer that will measure and obtain, the computer does the analysis to the soil matrix suction data that receive and makes the contrast with the soil matrix suction scope that the second step obtained, and then controls the opening of irrigating the execution unit and stops, prescribes the soil matrix suction in the farmland at the scope that the second step was confirmed.

Specifically, the irrigation execution unit comprises a suction pipe, a water pipe and an irrigation pump, the irrigation pump is electrically connected with the computer, one end of the irrigation pump is connected to a water source through the suction pipe, and the other end of the irrigation pump extends into the farmland through the water pipe.

Specifically, be equipped with pressure sensor in the soil moisture tensiometer, still be equipped with on the soil moisture tensiometer and be used for receiving pressure sensor's data and with the receipt data transmission to the receiving transmitter of computer.

Specifically, the soil moisture tensiometer comprises a water storage pipe, a micropore argil head, a pipe plug and a pressure sensor, wherein the lower end of the water storage pipe is connected with a spiral connector of the micropore argil head, the upper end of the water storage pipe is sealed through the pipe plug, and the pressure sensor is connected to the side face of the water storage pipe.

Specifically, the front end of the micropore pottery clay head is conical.

Specifically, the irrigation pump is arranged in the pump room.

Specifically, the soil moisture tensiometer is evenly arranged in a plurality of the farmland.

Specifically, the soil of the farmland is clay, the planted plants are soybeans, and the soil matrix suction force range is 33-80 kpa.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention carries out farmland irrigation by adopting the principle based on the soil moisture characteristic curve, and has important significance for promoting the modernized construction of farmland irrigation and realizing the controllable precision of the farmland irrigation, improving the field irrigation control facilities and improving the irrigation control technology. The whole system has the advantages of simple structure and convenience in maintenance, solves the problems of low water resource utilization efficiency, high labor cost and the like, realizes the combination of theoretical knowledge and practical application, and has great practical significance for the accurate irrigation of farmland water conservancy and water conservation and efficiency improvement in the current stage of China.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a structural component diagram of an intelligent irrigation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of decision making for an intelligent irrigation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph of moisture characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an irrigation executing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a soil moisture tensiometer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

wherein: 1-irrigation pipe; 2-soil moisture tensiometer; 3-water source; 4-farmland; 5-an irrigation pump; 6-pump room; 7-a pressure sensor; 8-a receiving transmitter; 9-a computer; 10-a water storage pipe; 11-microporous clay head; 12-pipe plug.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the intelligent farmland irrigation system based on the moisture characteristic curve is divided into four parts, including a data collection unit (layer), a data analysis and processing unit, a system command unit and an irrigation execution unit. The data collection unit is responsible for collecting farmland soil matrix suction data and sending the collected data to a cloud data platform of a computer through a wireless network, a soil matrix suction range corresponding to the soil moisture content suitable for growth of planted plants is stored in the cloud data platform, and the data analysis and processing unit of the computer is responsible for comparing the fed-back soil matrix suction data with the stored soil matrix suction range and feeding back the comparison result to a system command unit of the computer; the system command unit of the computer controls the irrigation of the farmland after sensing the feedback result of the system of the previous layer, sends a control command to the system of the next layer, and the irrigation execution unit executes the irrigation work after receiving the control command, and finally provides or stops the operation of the water supply to limit the soil matrix suction of the farmland in the soil matrix suction range corresponding to the soil water content suitable for the growth of the planted plants.

The data collecting unit consists of a plurality of soil moisture tensiometers distributed in the farmland, the soil moisture tensiometers are used for measuring the soil matrix suction force of the farmland soil in real time, the soil matrix suction force data obtained by measurement are sent to a cloud data platform of a computer, a data analyzing and processing unit in the computer analyzes the received soil matrix suction force data and compares the data with the soil matrix suction force range obtained in the second step, a system commanding unit in the computer further controls an irrigation execution unit (irrigation pump) of the irrigation execution unit to start and stop, the soil matrix suction force of the farmland is limited in the range determined in the second step,

in the embodiment, the monitored soil data is transmitted to the inside of the database in real time by using the soil moisture tensiometer, the database system performs relevant analysis on the data and then processes the data, and finally, an irrigation system is displayed and an instruction is sent to perform an intelligent farmland irrigation mode.

The irrigation is controlled by a control center of a computer in the flow, the irrigation mode is divided into an automatic mode and a manual mode, the automatic mode is controlled by an automatic control system, and the manual mode is used for controlling the flow by manually inputting parameters. The soil matrix suction parameters are collected by a tensiometer and fed back to a database, the database is analyzed and sorted in time, data are cleaned, and finally the data are fed back to a control center. The decision flow forms a closed loop on the whole, and the process of 'collecting, analyzing, processing, feeding back, deciding and executing' is continuously carried out, so that the automatic management of the system is realized.

Referring to fig. 3-5, the intelligent farmland irrigation method based on the moisture characteristic curve comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: measuring a soil moisture characteristic curve;

the influencing factors of the soil moisture characteristic curve comprise: soil texture, soil structure, soil bulk weight, soil colloid adsorptive ions, solute type of soil solution, and the like. Although the influence factors of the water characteristic curve are more, the influence of the soil structure, the volume weight, the soil colloid adsorptive ions and the soil solution solute of the same crop (such as soybean and rice) planted in the same soil texture type area is approximately the same under the premise of a certain farmland management mode, so that the soil texture type which is the main influence factor of the soil water characteristic curve is only required to be considered when the soil water characteristic curve is measured. The water characteristic curves of soils of different textures are different. According to the international soil texture classification method, soils can be roughly classified into 3 major classes, i.e., sandy soils, loams and clays. Therefore, the corresponding soil moisture profile should be 3. In the determination of the soil moisture profile, it is first of all the type of texture of the soil that is to be determined.

The soil moisture characteristic curve is measured by adopting a tensiometer method, and the tensiometer method has the advantages of simplicity, rapidness and capability of continuous measurement. The determination principle is that the soil matric potential and the corresponding water content value are obtained by a continuous weighing method, and a water characteristic curve is obtained. The soil matrix potential measuring range is as follows: 0kpa-80 kpa. The moisture characteristic curves of the soils with different textures are different, and the moisture characteristic curves need to be corresponding to the texture types of the soils when the moisture characteristic curves are used for calculation.

The second step is that: determining soil matrix suction ranges corresponding to soil moisture contents of various types of soil suitable for growth of planted plants based on the determined moisture characteristic curves;

in this embodiment, soil is taken as clay, plants are taken as soybeans, and the soil moisture characteristic curve is the corresponding relationship between the soil matrix suction and the soil moisture content. (as shown in fig. 1) the soil matric potential can be divided into three parts according to the definition method of academia: the water content of the part less than 33kpa, the part 33-1500kpa and the part 1500kpa is defined as effective water content, namely the water which can be effectively absorbed and utilized by crops, the water content of the part 33kpa is the water which can flow away and dissipate through pores, and the water content of the part 1500kpa is residual water which can not be absorbed and utilized by plants. The invention is to reduce the moisture content in the range of more than 1500kpa and less than 33kpa while maintaining the moisture content in the effective moisture content at a normal state.

If the substrate suction force measured by tensiometer method is between 0kpa and 80kpa, we can further position the three ranges mentioned above as three parts 0kpa-33kpa, 33kpa-80kpa, >80 kpa. The invention aims to control the water content to be between 33kpa and 80kpa as much as possible, thereby being more beneficial to the water absorption of crops, improving the utilization efficiency of water resources and achieving the aim of saving water.

The third step: because the soil moisture characteristic curves of different textures are different, a soil moisture characteristic curve database of different textures is established and uploaded to a cloud data platform. The database corresponds the soil matrix suction force and the soil moisture one by one, finds out the moisture content values corresponding to 33kpa and 80kpa, and finally establishes the irrigation system of crops.

The fourth step: and the tensiometer data is connected with a computer 9 system through a network for real-time monitoring.

Bury soil moisture tensiometer 2 underground in the farmland, utilize soil moisture tensiometer 2 to carry out real-time measurement to the soil matrix suction of farmland soil to soil matrix suction data transmission that will measure and obtain computer 9, computer 9 is to the soil matrix suction data of receiving do the analysis and make the contrast with the soil matrix suction scope that the second step obtained, and then control irrigation execution unit opens and stops, prescribes the soil matrix suction in farmland at the scope of second step affirmation.

The soil matrix suction force of the tensiometer is displayed by apressure sensor 7 arranged on the tensiometer, thepressure sensor 7 is connected with a computer 9 system, the water content data in the soil is monitored in real time by the tensiometer, when the soil matrix suction force is out of the range of 33-80 kpa, an irrigation system is immediately started/closed, and when the suction force value is more than 80kpa, the soil moisture is in a lack state, the system starts irrigation work; when the suction value is less than 33kpa, the soil moisture is in a sufficient state, and the irrigation system is closed.

Irrigation execution unit includesirrigation pipe 1 and irrigation pump 5,irrigation pipe 1 comprises suction tube and raceway, irrigation pump 5's one end is connected with water source 3 by the suction tube, the other end with extend to 4 in the farmland raceway connections, irrigation pump 5 sets up in pump house 6, soil moisture tensiometer 2 buries underground in the soil in farmland, be equipped withpressure sensor 7 in the soil moisture tensiometer 2, still be equipped with the data that are used for receivingpressure sensor 7 on the soil moisture tensiometer 2 and with receiving data transmission to computer 9's receiving emitter 8, computer 9 and irrigation pump 5 electric connection on theirrigation pipe 1.

In this embodiment, the soil moisture data is collected by the pressure sensor 7 on the tensiometer, the receiving emitter 8 is connected with the pressure sensor 7 by a data line, the receiving emitter 8 is connected with the computer 9 by wireless communication, the data received by the receiving emitter 8 is transmitted to the computer 9 by a wireless network, and the data processing module in the computer 9 compares the received soil matrix suction data with a set value, for example, in this embodiment, for clay soil, the soil matrix suction corresponding to the moisture content suitable for irrigation can be found according to the moisture characteristic curve, the moisture is controlled to be between 33kpa and 80kpa, and an instruction is sent to the irrigation pump 5; the irrigation pump 5 is switched into an automatic irrigation and cut-off irrigation mode after receiving a command sent by the computer 9, the whole irrigation process is controlled, when the soil matrix suction value is greater than 80kpa, the soil moisture is in a lack state, the computer 9 sends a starting instruction to the irrigation pump 5, and the system starts irrigation; when the suction value is less than 33kpa, the soil moisture is in a sufficient state, the computer 9 sends a closing instruction to the irrigation pump 5, and the irrigation system is closed.

The embodiment performs the farmland irrigation based on the soil moisture characteristic curve principle, and has important significance for promoting the modernized construction of the farmland water conservancy and realizing the precise quantity controllability of the field irrigation, improving the field irrigation control facilities and improving the irrigation control technology. The whole system has the advantages of simple structure and convenience in maintenance, solves the problems of low water resource utilization efficiency, high labor cost and the like, realizes the combination of theoretical knowledge and practical application, and has great practical significance for the accurate irrigation of farmland water conservancy and water conservation and efficiency improvement in the current stage of China.

Referring to fig. 2, specifically, the soil moisture tensiometer 2 comprises awater storage pipe 10, a microporouspottery clay head 11, apipe plug 12 and apressure sensor 7, wherein the lower end of thewater storage pipe 10 is fixedly connected with a threaded interface of the microporous pottery clay head through a thread, the upper end of the water storage pipe is sealed through thepipe plug 12, thepressure sensor 7 is connected to the side surface of thewater storage pipe 10, and the front end of the microporouspottery clay head 11 is conical, so that the soil moisture tensiometer 2 can be conveniently installed and taken out.

The microporepottery clay head 11 is used as a core part of the tensiometer and has the characteristic of no ventilation when only water flows, moisture in soil and moisture in thewater storage pipe 10 exchange moisture through the microporepottery clay head 11 according to the moisture balance principle, after the balance is achieved, the internal pressure of the tensiometer is stabilized, and thewater storage pipe 10 is used for storing the moisture in the tensiometer. Because the sensitivity to inside atmospheric pressure is very high in the tensiometer use, so, in order to solve the problem that influences inside atmospheric pressure by external factors, adopt the water that has not had water after the boiling as the water ofstandpipe 10,pressure sensor 7 is as the inside negative pressure sensing device of tensiometer, it is unbalanced with the inside moisture of tensiometer when soil moisture, when soil water need supply promptly, the inside moisture ofstandpipe 10 can constantly reduce, because of the water yield reduces and the system is in airtight state again and can make the inside negative pressure state that appears ofstandpipe 10, the negative pressure value is shown bypressure sensor 7, at last through electromagnetic wave with information transmission to the internet, computer 9 sends out the instruction after carrying out the analysis and irrigates.

In the actual design, a plurality of soil moisture tensiometers 2 are uniformly arranged in a farmland, monitored soil data are transmitted to a computer 9 in real time, a data processing system of the computer 9 carries out relevant analysis on the data and then processes the data, and finally, an irrigation system is displayed and an instruction is sent to carry out an intelligent farmland irrigation mode. Here, the soil matrix suction force measured by a single soil moisture tensiometer 2 may be used as the comparison data with the design value, or the average value of the soil matrix suction forces measured by all the soil moisture tensiometers 2 may be used as the comparison data with the design value.

The above examples are merely illustrative for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. Nor is it intended to be exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. Intelligent irrigation system in farmland based on moisture characteristic curve, its characterized in that: comprises a data collection unit, a data analysis and processing unit, a system command unit and an irrigation execution unit;

the data collection unit is responsible for collecting farmland soil matrix suction data and sending the collected data to the cloud data platform through a wireless network;

the data analysis and processing unit is responsible for comparing the fed-back soil matrix suction data with a soil matrix suction range which is stored in the cloud data platform and is suitable for growth of planted plants, and feeding back a comparison result to the system command unit;

the system command unit controls farmland irrigation after sensing a feedback result of the upper layer system, sends a control command to the lower layer system, and the irrigation execution unit executes irrigation work after receiving the control command and performs start-stop operation on water supply;

finally, limiting the soil matrix suction of the farmland in the soil matrix suction range corresponding to the soil moisture content suitable for the growth of the planted plants.

2. The farmland intelligent irrigation method based on the water characteristic curve is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

the first step is as follows: measuring a soil moisture characteristic curve;

the second step is that: determining a soil matrix suction range corresponding to the soil moisture content suitable for the growth of the planted plants based on the determined moisture characteristic curve;

the third step: bury soil moisture tensiometer underground in the farmland, utilize soil moisture tensiometer to carry out real-time measurement to the soil matrix suction of farmland soil to soil matrix suction data transmission to the computer that will measure and obtain, the computer does the analysis to the soil matrix suction data that receive and makes the contrast with the soil matrix suction scope that the second step obtained, and then controls the opening of irrigating the execution unit and stops, prescribes the soil matrix suction in the farmland at the scope that the second step was confirmed.

3. The intelligent farmland irrigation method based on the moisture characteristic curve as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the irrigation execution unit comprises a suction pipe, a water delivery pipe and an irrigation pump, the irrigation pump is electrically connected with the computer, one end of the irrigation pump is connected to a water source through the suction pipe, and the other end of the irrigation pump is connected with the water delivery pipe extending to the farmland.

4. The intelligent farmland irrigation method based on the moisture characteristic curve as claimed in claim 3, wherein: be equipped with pressure sensor in the soil moisture tensiometer, still be equipped with on the soil moisture tensiometer and be used for receiving pressure sensor's data and with the receipt data transmission to the receiving transmitter of computer.

5. The intelligent farmland irrigation method based on the moisture characteristic curve as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the soil moisture tensiometer comprises a water storage pipe, a micropore argil head, a pipe plug and a pressure sensor, wherein the lower end of the water storage pipe is connected with a spiral connector of the micropore argil head, the upper end of the water storage pipe is sealed through the pipe plug, and the pressure sensor is connected to the side face of the water storage pipe.

6. The intelligent farmland irrigation method based on the moisture characteristic curve as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the front end of the micropore pottery clay head is conical.

7. The intelligent farmland irrigation method based on the moisture characteristic curve as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the irrigation pump is arranged in the pump room.

8. The intelligent farmland irrigation method based on the moisture characteristic curve as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the soil moisture tensiometer is evenly arranged in a plurality of the farmland.

9. The intelligent farmland irrigation method based on the moisture characteristic curve according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein: the soil of the farmland is clay, the planted plants are soybeans, and the suction range of the soil matrix is 33-80 kpa.

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