CN112709575A - Hard thick coal seam top coal caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting - Google Patents
Hard thick coal seam top coal caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splittingDownload PDFInfo
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- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a top coal caving method, in particular to a hard thick coal seam top coal caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting.
Background
The caving coal is a coal mining process developed aiming at the mining of thick and super-thick coal seams, the existing caving coal method mainly comprises three technologies of blasting caving coal, common caving coal and comprehensive mechanized caving coal, the first two technologies can be defined as simple caving coal technologies, for the comprehensive mechanized caving coal technology which is most applied at present, the comprehensive machinery consists of an advanced middle-high caving coal bracket, a large-diameter drum shearer and a large-load conveyor, and the specific mining mode is as follows: the fully mechanized coal mining face is arranged at the bottom of a certain section of the coal seam for coal mining, coal mined by the coal mining machine is loaded into the front conveyor, coal bodies on the upper portion of the top coal caving support fall off behind the top coal caving support under the action of coal self-gravity, top plate pressure and the like, and are placed on the scraper conveyor at the rear portion of the fully mechanized coal mining face through the coal caving port of the top coal caving support.
In the coal mining process, a caving method, also called a natural collapse method, is applied to the direct roof or the roof with medium stability which is easy to collapse, and specifically, the top coal caving support close to a goaf is withdrawn, so that the direct roof automatically collapses. The roof management by adopting the caving method has the advantages of simple mining process, high recovery rate, small coal loss, good economic benefit and the like, so that the goaf treatment technology is widely applied to mine mining at home and abroad.
However, due to the differences in the mechanical properties of coal seams, not all coal seams have self-caving (natural caving) properties, such as a hard thick coal seam. Taking the great same mining area of China as an example, under the influence of the mechanical property of coal bodies and a gangue layer, hard and thick coal seams of the large same mining area cannot naturally fall (namely, the old top of a goaf of the fully mechanized mining face does not stride over for a long time or a large area), when the fully mechanized mining face is out of order, auxiliary measures such as reinforcing support of a top coal caving support in reciprocating support, vibration, blasting or injection of high-pressure water to weaken a top plate and forced top caving measures are needed to carry out coal caving and top caving, so that the fall is promoted, and the effective recovery of top coal can be realized. For example, when the overhanging distance of the fully mechanized mining face is 5-8m and the inclined width exceeds 15m, a reinforcing support and forced roof-lowering measure must be adopted; and when the trend of the suspended roof distance is more than 8m and the inclined width exceeds 15m, stopping coal mining and performing forced caving.
The top coal is discharged from the window by adopting a vibration gun or a hydraulic support for repeated support, the coal loss is large, and the top coal caving recovery rate is 10-20% lower than that of the common layered mining under the prior art; coal dust is generated by coal dust which is more than 2 times higher than that generated by layered mining due to the fact that coal dust is one of hidden dangers of coal mine safety production, and when gas explosion happens, the coal dust can be lifted by impact generated by the gas explosion, so that coal dust explosion is caused, and further serious secondary damage is caused.
Forced caving by using a vibration gun is a main measure for improving the recovery ratio of top coal, the depth of a single blast hole is only 3m, the control radius is only 1m, intensive drilling is needed, and the engineering quantity is huge; particularly, when thick layers of gangue (larger than 1m) are included, the cutting teeth of the coal mining machine are damaged greatly and the cost of the expenditure is very high when the coal mining machine is used for cutting forcibly; the drilling distance, the drilling depth and the loading amount are key factors for restricting the roof caving effect, once the parameters are improperly set, potential safety hazards are easily generated, safety production accidents such as equipment damage and personnel casualties of the fully mechanized coal mining face, hurricanes of the fully mechanized coal mining face caused by large-area collapse of a roof and the like can be caused, and the safety risk is huge. If blasting is adopted, the engineering quantity is doubled compared with the mode of a vibration gun.
And by adopting a roof caving measure of weakening the roof by injecting high-pressure water, once the top plate drill hole has a weak point, the water pressure of the injected water can be expanded along a single direction, the roof plate cannot be uniformly weakened, and the roof caving is difficult to control and effectively.
Sometimes, even if the auxiliary measures are adopted, the recovery ratio of part of fully mechanized coal mining faces is still lower than 80% specified by coal mine safety regulations, and huge resource waste and reduction of economic benefit are caused. Therefore, each coal enterprise is seeking a new roof coal roof weakening measure in a imagination mode to improve the caving performance of the roof coal so as to improve the recovery efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of large coal loss, high safety risk, high use cost and difficulty in effective caving in the conventional hard and thick coal seam caving method, and provides a hard and thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical solution provided by the invention is as follows:
a hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) through on-site sampling and mechanical analysis testing, physical parameters of a top plate and top coal of a target hard and thick coal seam fully-mechanized mining face are obtained, a plurality of verification drill holes are drilled on site according to the measured physical parameters, a verification test is carried out, and then construction parameters when the pre-splitting drill holes are drilled on the mining side of the two sides of the fully-mechanized mining face are determined:
the hole distribution range of the fully mechanized mining face single-side mining side;
the radial distance between adjacent pre-splitting drills on the single-side mining side;
the hole depth, the hole diameter, the orifice and the hole bottom of each pre-splitting drill hole are respectively at the vertical height from the bottom plate of the fully mechanized coal mining face;
the spacing between adjacent operating points within the bore;
the operation times of each operation point and the energy of the pre-splitting energy-gathering rod required;
the energy of the pre-splitting energy-gathering rod is required to ensure that the splitting range of the pre-splitting operation can reach the top plate of the fully mechanized coal mining face;
2) according to the set hole distribution range of the single-side mining side of the fully mechanized mining face, the radial distance between adjacent pre-split drill holes on the single-side mining side, the hole depth, the hole diameter, the hole opening and the hole bottom of each pre-split drill hole are respectively at the vertical height from the bottom plate of the fully mechanized mining face, and pre-split drill holes are drilled on the mining sides on the two sides of the fully mechanized mining face;
3) installing a hole sealing pipe, a hole flange and a hole sealing device at the hole opening of the pre-splitting drill hole;
4) installing the pre-split energy-gathering rod selected in the step 1) into controllable shock wave generating equipment, and sending the controllable shock wave generating equipment into a pre-split drill hole through a drill rod by using a drilling machine;
5) closing the orifice by using the hole sealing pipe, the orifice flange and the orifice sealing device, and injecting water into the pre-splitting drill hole;
6) when the water pressure in the pre-splitting drill hole reaches 0.1-0.5MPa, enabling the controllable shock wave generating equipment to perform pre-splitting operation from the operation point at the bottom of the hole according to the distance between the adjacent operation points in the hole and the operation frequency of each operation point determined in the step 1);
7) opening the hole after finishing the operation amount of one operation point, pumping back the drill rod by using the drilling machine to enable the controllable shock wave generating equipment to reach the next operation point, closing the hole again, injecting water into the drill hole, and continuing to operate when the water pressure in the drill hole reaches 0.1-0.5 MPa;
8) repeating the step 7), after all the operation points are processed, the drilling machine pumps the controllable shock wave generating equipment out of the pre-splitting drill hole, closes the drill hole or connects and pumps gas in the drill hole, and finishes the pre-splitting operation of the pre-splitting drill hole;
9) repeating the steps 3) to 8) to finish the pre-splitting operation of all the pre-split drill holes;
10) and carrying out coal mining and top caving operation on the fully mechanized mining working face of the target hard thick coal seam.
Furthermore, because the width of the coal mine roadway is limited, in order to facilitate the operation of the drilling machine, in the step 1), the axes of the pre-splitting drill holes of the mining sides at two sides of the fully mechanized mining face are both distributed in a fan shape, and the included angle between the axis and the trend of the roadway ranges from 10 degrees to 90 degrees.
Further, in the step 1), the axes of the pre-splitting drill holes on the mining sides at two sides of the fully mechanized mining face are collinear or staggered, and the axes are perpendicular to the trend of the roadway.
Further, in order to enable the cracking range of the pre-cracking energy-gathering rod during pre-cracking operation to reach the top plate of the fully mechanized mining face and further achieve sufficient pre-cracking of the top coal and the top plate, in the step 1), the vertical height from the orifice of each pre-cracking drill hole to the bottom plate of the fully mechanized mining face is 1-1.8m, and the vertical height from the bottom of each pre-cracking drill hole to the bottom plate of the fully mechanized mining face is 3-5 m;
the energy of the pre-splitting energy-gathering rod is that the impact pressure amplitude is 210 +/-50 MPa, and the impulse is 7200 +/-1000 P.s.
Further, the steps 1) to 9) can be completed in the tunneling process of roadways on two sides before the fully mechanized coal mining face is formed according to specific requirements in construction);
or completing the steps 1) to 9) after the fully mechanized coal mining face is formed and before the stoping equipment, the support and the belt conveyor are installed.
Further, in the step 2), whether a mining stop line exists in the drilling area is judged, and if the mining stop line exists in the drilling area, the number of drilled holes is appropriately reduced when pre-splitting drilling is performed.
Further, in the step 1), the physical property parameters include lithology, tensile strength, shear strength, compressive strength in a dry state and a saturated state, elastic modulus and water absorption rate.
Further, in the step 1), 4 groups of pre-split drill holes are arranged in the hole distribution range of the single-side mining side of the fully mechanized mining face, the hole distribution range of each group of pre-split drill holes is 500m, and each group of pre-split drill holes comprises 17 pre-split drill holes.
Further, in order to ensure that coal bodies in a pre-splitting range are communicated with each other and fully pre-split a hard thick coal bed, in the step 1), the radial distance between adjacent pre-split drill holes on the single-side mining side is 10-30 m; the distance between adjacent operating points in the hole is 2-5m, and the operating frequency of each operating point is 3-8 times.
Further, in the step 1), the hole depth of each pre-split drill hole is 100 +/-20 m, and the hole diameter is 113 mm and 133 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting provided by the invention adopts controllable shock wave pre-splitting to pre-split the top coal and then caving the top coal, compared with the existing method, the controllable shock wave pre-splitting can form uniform cracks around the drill hole and further expand the uniform cracks, the cracking range can reach 5-15m, so that the top coal caving process is controllable, the top coal and the top plate can be weakened and pre-split in an all-round and balanced manner, the top coal caving is facilitated, and the coal loss is reduced.
2. The hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting provided by the invention adopts controllable shock wave pre-splitting to pre-split the top coal, so that the end coal which is difficult to mine on the mining edges at two sides of the fully mechanized coal mining face is fully and uniformly pre-split, the coal seam in the fully mechanized coal mining face can be weakened, further the fully mining is realized, the coal loss is further reduced, and the cutting tooth abrasion of a coal mining machine is reduced.
3. The hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting provided by the invention has the advantages that water injection measures are taken for the pre-split drill holes in the controllable shock wave pre-splitting process, the water content of the coal seam can be improved, the coal dust is effectively avoided during stoping, the method does not relate to initiating explosive devices, the energy released during the controllable shock wave pre-splitting operation is less than the energy released by the initiating explosive device blasting, and the operation safety is high.
4. According to the hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting, provided by the invention, the distance between the operation points in the drill hole and the operation times of each operation point can be set according to different operation requirements, so that the energy released during operation is controllable, and the safety is improved.
5. The hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting provided by the invention has the advantages that the single-hole working efficiency is high, the drilling with the depth of about 100m can complete the pushing, the operation and the hole outlet of the controllable shock wave generating equipment within 4-5 hours, a plurality of drilling machines and a plurality of controllable shock wave generating equipment can be used for simultaneously operating in the construction process, and the operating efficiency is further improved.
6. Compared with the prior art which needs dense hole distribution, the hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting provided by the invention has the advantages that the pre-splitting shock wave operation cracking range can reach 5-15m, the radial distance of pre-splitting drill holes is 10-30m, compared with the prior art which needs 2-5m, the construction amount and cost investment of hole distribution are greatly reduced, and thus the cost investment is greatly reduced.
7. According to the hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting, the top plate is weakened while the top coal is weakened by adopting the pre-formed shock wave, gangue and coal seam invasion rock are broken, the mining efficiency of the coal mining machine and the pushing speed of a fully mechanized mining face are greatly improved, the top plate can fall down together with the top coal after being weakened, and the danger of rock burst or sudden pressure coming of the top plate caused by sudden hard burst of the top plate is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a field construction drawing of the present invention for drilling a pre-split borehole in a coal body of a fully mechanized coal mining face using a controllable shock wave generating apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of pre-split drill holes on a fully mechanized mining face, wherein the axes of the pre-split drill holes on a single-side mining face are distributed in a fan shape;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the fully mechanized coal mining face after drilling a pre-split borehole, wherein the mining height refers to the coal mining height of a coal mining machine, and the caving height refers to the top coal caving height;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a controllable shockwave generating device used in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of pressure amplitude for a controllable shockwave generating device used in the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1-a drilling machine; 2-a drill rod; 3-a controllable shock wave generating device; 4-an orifice sealing device; 5-sealing the hole pipe; 6-orifice flange; 7-laneway; 8-pre-splitting a borehole; 9-fully mechanized coal mining face; 10-a top plate; 11-top coal; 12-a base plate; 13-end coal; 14-cracking range; 15-a coal mining machine;
31-drill pipe catcher; 32-an explosion-proof battery pack; 33-high voltage direct current power panel; 34-storage capacitor and switch; 35-an energy converter; 36-energy-gathering rod pusher; 37-presplitting energy-gathering rod.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting, which is characterized in that the following steps 1) to 9) are completed in the process of tunneling twoside roadways 7 before a fullymechanized coal face 9 is formed, or after the fullymechanized coal face 9 is formed and before a stoping device, a support and a belt conveyor are installed, so that the production progress of a mine is not influenced, and the construction operation is carried out in theroadways 7 in a sufficient space;
1) physical parameters of a top plate 10, a top coal 11 and gangue of a fully mechanized mining working surface 9 of a target hard thick coal seam are obtained through field sampling and mechanical analysis testing, wherein the physical parameters comprise lithology, tensile strength, shear strength, compressive strength in a dry state and a saturated state, elastic modulus and water absorption rate; according to the measured physical property parameter design, performing on-site drilling of a plurality of verification drill holes and carrying out verification tests, and further determining construction parameters when drilling of the pre-cracked drill holes 8 is performed on the two sides of the fully mechanized mining face 9 (the specific process is that analysis of target layer mechanics parameters, preset operation parameters, performing on-site drilling of the verification drill holes, optimizing the operation parameters, performing pre-cracking operation, coal mining and caving, after the fully mechanized mining face 9 is pushed to a pre-cracking position, observing a caving step and a periodic incoming pressure step by a conventional method, and adjusting the construction parameters of the pre-cracked drill holes 8 drilled on the fully mechanized mining face 9 by combining the obtained caving step, the periodic incoming pressure step, the preset caving step and the periodic incoming pressure step, wherein the preset caving step and the periodic incoming pressure step are at least reduced by 50% compared with the existing caving step and the periodic incoming pressure step under the condition of performing direct coal mining without pre-cracking and caving):
the hole distribution range of the fullymechanized mining face 9 single-side mining side;
the radial distance between the adjacent pre-splitting drill holes 8 on the single-side mining side is 10-30 m;
according to a design drawing in a vertical state, the width of a single fullymechanized mining face 9 is 200m, the length of the single fully mechanized mining face is 2000m, the depth of eachpre-splitting drill hole 8 is 100 +/-20 m, the aperture of the pre-splitting drill hole is 113 plus-minus 133mm, the vertical height of the orifice of eachpre-splitting drill hole 8 from thebottom plate 12 of the fullymechanized mining face 9 is 1-1.8m, and the vertical height of the hole bottom from thebottom plate 12 of the fullymechanized mining face 9 is 3-5m (according to different coal thicknesses, if the thickness of one coal is 5m, the coal cutting height of thecoal mining machine 15 is 2m, the vertical height of the hole bottom from thebottom plate 12 is 3m, and if the thickness of the coal is 8m and the coal cutting height is 3m, the vertical height of the hole bottom from the bottom;
the distance between adjacent operating points in the hole is 2-5 m;
the number of operations per operating point is 3-8 and the energy of the pre-split shaped energy-gatheringrod 37 required;
the energy of the pre-splitting energy-gatheringrod 37 is that the impact pressure amplitude is 210 +/-50 MPa, the impulse is 7200 +/-1000 P.s, the crackingrange 14 is 5-15m, and the crackingrange 14 of the pre-splitting operation can reach thetop plate 10 of the fully mechanizedcoal mining face 9;
the length of a single-side roadway 7 of a general fullymechanized mining face 9 along the trend of theroadway 7 is about 2000m, 4 groups of pre-splitting drill holes 8 are arranged in the hole distribution range of a single-side mining wall, the hole distribution range of each group of pre-splitting drill holes 8 is 500m, and each group comprises 17 pre-splitting drill holes 8;
the axes of the pre-splitting drill holes 8 of the mining sides at two sides of the fullymechanized mining face 9 are distributed in a fan shape, and the included angle between the axes and the trend of theroadway 7 ranges from 10 degrees to 90 degrees; or the axes of the pre-splitting drill holes 8 of the mining sides at two sides of the fullymechanized mining face 9 are collinear or staggered, and the axes are perpendicular to the trend of theroadway 7;
2) only 4 groups of 68 pre-splitting drill holes 8 need to be arranged on the single-side mining side of a single fully mechanized mining face 9, the whole fully mechanized mining face 9 only needs 136 pre-splitting drill holes 8, the arrangement of a mining stop line is considered in actual production, the position of the mining stop line of the face is firstly confirmed with a mine, the mining stop line is avoided, 10-20 drill holes can be reduced at least, namely, 126 drill holes of 116 drill holes and 126 drill holes are applied to complete pre-splitting on the fully mechanized mining face 9, so the arrangement and the number of the pre-splitting drill holes 8 are reasonably designed according to the position of the mining stop line in a design drawing of the mine face; as shown in fig. 2, according to the set hole distribution range of the single-side mining side of the fully mechanized mining face 9, the radial distance between adjacent pre-split drill holes 8 on the single-side mining side, the hole depth, the hole diameter, the hole opening and the hole bottom of each pre-split drill hole 8 are respectively at the vertical height from the bottom plate 12 of the fully mechanized mining face 9, and a set number of pre-split drill holes 8 are drilled on the mining sides on the two sides of the fully mechanized mining face 9;
3) as shown in fig. 1, installing a hole sealing pipe 5, a hole flange 6 and a hole sealing device 4 at the hole of apre-split drill hole 8;
4) installing the pre-split energy-gatheringrod 37 pre-selected in the step 1) into the controllable shockwave generating equipment 3, and sending the controllable shockwave generating equipment 3 into apre-split drill hole 8 through a drill rod 2 by using a drilling machine 1;
5) the hole is closed by the hole sealing pipe 5, the hole flange 6 and the hole sealing device 4, water is injected into thepre-fractured drill hole 8, the water is not compressible in the main purpose of the water injection of the drill hole, and energy generated by shock waves can be transmitted into a target reservoir stratum by means of an aqueous medium and cracks are formed. When the cracks are filled with water, the total moisture content of the coal bed can be increased, and thecoal cutter 15 reduces the generation of coal dust when cutting the coal body, thereby achieving the effect of wetting the coal body;
6) when the water pressure in thepre-splitting drill hole 8 reaches 0.1-0.5MPa, the controllable shockwave generating equipment 3 starts to perform pre-splitting operation from the operation point at the bottom of the hole according to the distance between the adjacent operation points in the hole and the operation frequency of each operation point determined in the step 1);
7) after the operation amount of one operation point is finished, opening the hole, pumping back the drill rod 2 by using the drilling machine 1 to enable the controllable shockwave generating equipment 3 to reach the next operation point, closing the hole again, injecting water into the drill hole, and continuing to operate when the water pressure in the drill hole reaches 0.1-0.5 MPa;
8) repeating the step 7), after all the operation points are processed, the drilling machine 1 pumps the controllable shockwave generating equipment 3 out of thepre-splitting drill hole 8, the drill hole is closed or gas in the drill hole is connected and pumped, the gas is connected with a pumping pipeline for retention, and the gas is unloaded one by one when the fully mechanized mining face is stoped later, so that the pre-splitting operation of thepre-splitting drill hole 8 is finished;
9) repeating the steps 3) to 8), and completing the pre-splitting operation of all the pre-split drill holes 8;
10) and carrying out coal mining and caving operation on the fully mechanizedmining working surface 9 of the target hard thick coal seam to ensure that thetop coal 11 and thetop plate 10 are fully caving, thereby reducing coal loss.
As shown in fig. 3, after the pre-splitting, the upper andlower end coals 13 of the mining slope of the fully mechanized mining face which are difficult to mine in the existing mining process are fully and uniformly pre-split, and then fully mined, so that the coal loss is further reduced (the upper andlower end coals 13 are the coal bodies on the mining slope near theroadway 7, also called as triangular areas at the upper and lower ends of the fullymechanized mining face 9 in the industry, the triangular area is a triangular area formed at the intersection of the cut hole and theroadway 7 when the fullymechanized mining face 9 is pushed to a certain position to be pre-split, but from the whole coal mining process, the whole formed by all the triangular areas is actually the coal body of the mining slope near the roadway 7).
As shown in fig. 4, the controllable shockwave generating device 3 comprises adrill rod adaptor 31, an explosion-proof battery pack 32, a high-voltage direct currentpower supply board 33, an energy storage capacitor andenergy controller 34, anenergy converter 35 and an energy collectingrod pusher 36 which are coaxially and sequentially connected into a whole, wherein the high-voltage direct currentpower supply board 33 has the functions of inversion, boosting and rectification; the high-voltage direct-currentpower supply board 33 charges the energy storage capacitor, when the energy storage capacitor is charged to a breakdown threshold value, a large current breaks down the energy controller, electric energy stored by the energy storage capacitor is transmitted to the pre-splitting energy-collectingrod 37 in theenergy converter 35 through the energy controller, and the large current gasifies, ionizes and explodes the pre-splitting energy-collectingrod 37 to generate shock waves; 10-50 pre-splitenergy collecting rods 37 can be loaded in the energy collectingrod pusher 36 at one time according to operation requirements, and when one pre-splitenergy collecting rod 37 is consumed, the energy collectingrod pusher 36 pushes the next pre-splitenergy collecting rod 37 to theenergy converter 35. The controllableshockwave generating device 3 of the present invention may be a QZ-iii type controllable shockwave generating device manufactured by sienna flash energy science and technology ltd and its corresponding energy collecting rod, wherein the energy collecting rod is a pre-splitenergy collecting rod 37. Of course, other controllable shockwave generating devices that perform the same function may be used as the controllableshockwave generating device 3 of the present invention.
The controllable shockwave generating device 3 of the invention has an outer diameter of 89mm and a length of 5m (of course, the aperture of thepre-split borehole 8 is related to the size of the controllable shockwave generating device 3, and when the size of the controllable shockwave generating device 3 is increased or decreased, the aperture of thepre-split borehole 8 is also increased or decreased); as shown in FIG. 5, the pressure amplitude of single impact generated by the pre-splitting energy-gatheringrod 37 during pre-splitting operation is 210 + -50 MPa, and the impulse is 7200 + -1000 P.s.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same, and it is obvious for a person skilled in the art to modify the specific technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or to substitute part of the technical features, and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions protected by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A hard thick coal seam top coal caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) through on-site sampling and mechanical analysis testing, physical parameters of a top plate (10) and a top coal (11) of a target hard and thick coal seam fully-mechanized mining face (9) are obtained, a plurality of verification drill holes are drilled on site according to the measured physical parameters, a verification test is carried out, and then construction parameters when the pre-cracked drill holes (8) are drilled on the mining sides of the two sides of the fully-mechanized mining face (9) are determined:
the hole distribution range of the single-side mining side of the fully mechanized mining working face (9);
the radial distance between adjacent pre-splitting drill holes (8) on the single-side mining side; the hole depth, the hole diameter, the orifice and the hole bottom of each pre-splitting drill hole (8) are respectively at the vertical height from the bottom plate (12) of the fully mechanized coal mining face (9);
the spacing between adjacent operating points within the bore;
the number of operations of each operation point and the energy of the pre-splitting energy-gathering rod (37) required;
the energy of the pre-splitting energy-gathering rod (37) ensures that the splitting range (14) of the pre-splitting operation can reach the top plate (10) of the fully mechanized coal mining face (9);
2) according to the set hole distribution range of the single-side mining side of the fully mechanized mining working face (9), the radial distance between adjacent pre-split drill holes (8) on the single-side mining side, the hole depth, the hole diameter, the hole opening and the hole bottom of each pre-split drill hole (8) are respectively away from the vertical height of a bottom plate (12) of the fully mechanized mining working face (9), and the pre-split drill holes (8) are drilled on the mining sides on the two sides of the fully mechanized mining working face (9);
3) installing a hole sealing pipe (5), a hole flange (6) and a hole sealing device (4) at the hole opening of the pre-splitting drill hole (8);
4) installing the pre-split energy-gathering rod (37) selected in advance in the step 1) into controllable shock wave generating equipment (3), and sending the controllable shock wave generating equipment (3) into a pre-split drill hole (8) through a drill rod (2) by using a drilling machine (1);
5) closing the orifice by using the hole sealing pipe (5), the orifice flange (6) and the orifice sealing device (4), and injecting water into the pre-splitting drill hole (8);
6) when the water pressure in the pre-splitting drill hole (8) reaches 0.1-0.5MPa, enabling the controllable shock wave generating equipment (3) to perform pre-splitting operation from the operation point at the bottom of the hole according to the distance between the adjacent operation points in the hole and the operation frequency of each operation point determined in the step 1);
7) after the operation amount of one operation point is finished, opening a hole, pumping back the drill rod (2) by using the drilling machine (1), enabling the controllable shock wave generating equipment (3) to reach the next operation point, closing the hole again, injecting water into the drill hole, and continuing to operate when the water pressure in the drill hole reaches 0.1-0.5 MPa;
8) repeating the step 7), after all the operation points are processed, the drilling machine (1) pumps the controllable shock wave generating equipment (3) out of the pre-splitting drill hole (8), closes the drill hole or connects and pumps gas in the drill hole, and finishes the pre-splitting operation of the pre-splitting drill hole (8);
9) repeating the steps 3) to 8) to finish the pre-splitting operation of all the pre-split drill holes (8);
10) and carrying out coal mining and top caving operation on the fully mechanized mining working face (9) of the target hard thick coal seam.
2. The hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1), the axes of the pre-splitting drill holes (8) on the mining sides at two sides of the fully mechanized mining face (9) are distributed in a fan shape, and the included angle between the axes and the trend of the roadway (7) ranges from 10 degrees to 90 degrees.
3. The hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1), the axes of the pre-splitting drill holes (8) on the mining sides of the two sides of the fully mechanized mining face (9) are collinear or staggered, and the axes are perpendicular to the trend of the roadway (7).
4. The hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: in the step 1), the vertical height from the orifice of each pre-splitting drill hole (8) to the bottom plate (12) of the fully mechanized mining face (9) is 1-1.8m, and the vertical height from the bottom of the hole to the bottom plate (12) of the fully mechanized mining face (9) is 3-5 m;
the energy of the pre-splitting energy-gathering rod (37) is that the impact pressure amplitude is 210 +/-50 MPa, and the impulse is 7200 +/-1000 P.s.
5. The hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting according to claim 4, characterized in that:
completing the steps 1) to 9) in the tunneling process of the roadways (7) on two sides before the fully mechanized coal mining face (9) is formed;
or completing the steps 1) to 9) after the fully mechanized mining face (9) is formed and before the stoping equipment, the bracket and the belt conveyor are installed.
6. The hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step 2), whether a mining stopping line exists in a drilling area is judged, and if the mining stopping line exists, the number of drilled holes is appropriately reduced when the pre-splitting drilled holes (8) are drilled.
7. The hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting of claim 6, which is characterized in that: in the step 1), the physical parameters comprise lithology, tensile strength, shear strength, compressive strength in a dry state and a saturated state, elastic modulus and water absorption.
8. The hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step 1), 4 groups of pre-splitting drill holes (8) are arranged in the hole distribution range of the single-side mining side of the fully mechanized mining face (9), the hole distribution range of each group of pre-splitting drill holes (8) is 500m, and each group of pre-splitting drill holes comprises 17 pre-splitting drill holes (8).
9. The hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the step 1), the radial distance between adjacent pre-splitting drill holes (8) on the single-side mining side is 10-30 m; the distance between adjacent operating points in the hole is 2-5m, and the operating frequency of each operating point is 3-8 times.
10. The hard thick coal seam caving method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting of claim 9, characterized in that: in the step 1), the hole depth of each pre-splitting drilled hole (8) is 100 +/-20 m, and the hole diameter is 113 mm and 133 mm.
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