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CN112702708B - A data transmission method of radio frequency sensor ad hoc network in substation - Google Patents

A data transmission method of radio frequency sensor ad hoc network in substation
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CN112702708B
CN112702708BCN202011516464.XACN202011516464ACN112702708BCN 112702708 BCN112702708 BCN 112702708BCN 202011516464 ACN202011516464 ACN 202011516464ACN 112702708 BCN112702708 BCN 112702708B
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CN112702708A (en
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朱仲贤
蔡科伟
刘文涛
杜瑶
李世民
臧春华
刘鑫
徐蒙福
张泉
施有安
郝韩兵
汤伟
杜鹏
汪太平
邵华
朱元付
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Hefei Zhongke Leinao Intelligent Technology Co ltd
Super High Voltage Branch of State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
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Overhaul Branch of State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a substation radio frequency sensor ad hoc network data transmission method, which comprises the following steps: 1) a sensor network is established, the sensor network is composed of a data aggregation device and a plurality of sensor nodes, and the sensor network is of at least one layer of star-shaped topological structure; 2) the sensors automatically establish sub-networks in the local part of the system according to the signal intensity of the arrangement points, and simultaneously the corresponding sensors play the role of data aggregation nodes; 3) all sensors in the sub-network under the same data sink node uniformly exchange data with the superior network through the corresponding data sink nodes. The substation radio frequency sensor ad hoc network data transmission method can ensure the reliability of data acquisition at the position with poor signals.

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Translated fromChinese
一种变电站射频传感器自组网数据传输方法A data transmission method of radio frequency sensor ad hoc network in substation

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种变电站射频传感器自组网数据传输方法。The invention relates to a data transmission method of a radio frequency sensor self-organized network in a substation.

背景技术Background technique

近年来,随着科学技术的发展,数字化、智能化的保护、安自、测控等二次装置已经在电力系统中广泛应用,装置的配置功能更趋完善,可靠性、成功率大幅提高,但同时传统的装置运行管理模式、操作流程受到较大冲击,由于相关人员对装置功能的理解不彻底、装置间配合不熟悉、不同装置厂家压板应用差异不掌握,因误投或漏投压板造成的装置误动或拒动事故时有发生,对电网的安全稳定运行造成了极坏的影响。In recent years, with the development of science and technology, secondary devices such as digital and intelligent protection, safety, and measurement and control have been widely used in power systems. The configuration functions of the devices have become more perfect, and the reliability and success rate have been greatly improved. At the same time, the traditional device operation management mode and operation process have been greatly impacted. Due to the incomplete understanding of the device function by the relevant personnel, the unfamiliar cooperation between the devices, and the lack of understanding of the differences in the application of the pressure plate of different device manufacturers, due to the wrong or missing pressure plate. Accidents of device malfunction or refusal to operate frequently occur, which have a very bad influence on the safe and stable operation of the power grid.

当前确保压板投退正确性的手段主要依靠运行人员人工巡视。压板巡视核对的维护量大,巡视人员主观上容易放松,同时随着电网规模的不断发展,压板的巡视工作量越来越大,班组工作量与承载能力之间的矛盾日益突出,亟需解决。适逢物联网技术快速发展,变电站建设中已广泛应用微功率射频通信、高能锂电池、非电量传感检测等物联网技术,压板状态位置传感器应运而生。At present, the means to ensure the correctness of the pressing plate throwing and withdrawing mainly rely on the manual inspection of the operator. The maintenance of the pressure plate inspection and verification is large, and the inspectors are easily relaxed subjectively. At the same time, with the continuous development of the power grid, the inspection workload of the pressure plate is increasing, and the contradiction between the workload of the team and the carrying capacity has become increasingly prominent, which needs to be solved urgently. . Coinciding with the rapid development of the Internet of Things technology, the Internet of Things technologies such as micro-power radio frequency communication, high-energy lithium batteries, and non-electricity sensing detection have been widely used in the construction of substations, and the pressure plate state position sensor came into being.

压板状态传感器安装在继电保护屏柜压板上,实时监测压板状态。传感器使用高能量电池,在安装位置、尺寸、屏柜布线的限制下既能满足施工快速便捷,又满足传感器长久稳定运行,续航高达10年。The pressure plate state sensor is installed on the pressure plate of the relay protection panel to monitor the pressure plate state in real time. The sensor uses a high-energy battery, which can meet the requirements of fast and convenient construction and long-term stable operation of the sensor under the constraints of installation location, size, and panel wiring. The battery life is up to 10 years.

传感器使用SUB-G微功率射频技术,典型频段包括425MHz、433MHz等。SUB-G射频技术已广泛应用在物联网近场通信中,在无障碍物的情况下,数据输出距离大于1千米。SUB-G射频模块运行能耗低,射频功耗远小于1W,不会对运行中的继电保护设备造成影响。The sensor uses SUB-G micropower radio frequency technology, and typical frequency bands include 425MHz, 433MHz, etc. SUB-G radio frequency technology has been widely used in the near field communication of the Internet of Things. In the absence of obstacles, the data output distance is greater than 1 km. The SUB-G RF module has low operating energy consumption, and the RF power consumption is far less than 1W, which will not affect the relay protection equipment in operation.

结合以上特点,传感器非常适合应用在继电保护小室压板监测上。但在实际使用中,继电保护小室电磁环境复杂且保护屏柜密集耸立,每一排屏柜排列严密,前后排屏柜间隔小,对射频信号的传输造成重大影响。传感器紧贴金属背板安装在保护屏柜下部,信号传输中先被金属背板吸收一部分;信号穿透前玻璃屏柜门后,在传输过程中受到左右屏柜遮挡和前排屏柜反射,实际传输距离衰减到30米。Combined with the above features, the sensor is very suitable for monitoring the pressure plate of the relay protection chamber. However, in actual use, the electromagnetic environment of the relay protection chamber is complex and the protective screen cabinets are densely erected. Each row of screen cabinets is closely arranged, and the front and rear rows of screen cabinets are closely spaced, which has a significant impact on the transmission of radio frequency signals. The sensor is installed in the lower part of the protective screen cabinet close to the metal backplane, and a part of the signal is absorbed by the metal backplane during the transmission. The actual transmission distance is attenuated to 30 meters.

因此在使用中,信号即便能覆盖大部分监视区域,但仍然存在信号死角。因此,需设计一种变电站射频传感器自组网数据传输方法,保证信号不佳处的数据采集可靠性。Therefore, in use, even if the signal can cover most of the monitoring area, there is still a dead spot of the signal. Therefore, it is necessary to design a data transmission method for the self-organized network of radio frequency sensors in substations to ensure the reliability of data acquisition in places with poor signals.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的是提供一种变电站射频传感器自组网数据传输方法,该变电站射频传感器自组网数据传输方法可以保证信号不佳处的数据采集可靠性。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a data transmission method of the radio frequency sensor self-organized network of a substation, which can ensure the reliability of data collection in the place where the signal is not good.

为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种变电站射频传感器自组网数据传输方法,该变电站射频传感器自组网数据传输方法包括:In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a data transmission method for an ad hoc network of radio frequency sensors in a substation, and the method for data transmission in an ad hoc network of radio frequency sensors in a substation includes:

1)组建传感器网络,传感器网络由数据汇聚装置和多个传感器节点构成,传感器网络为至少一层星型拓扑结构;1) Set up a sensor network, the sensor network is composed of a data aggregation device and a plurality of sensor nodes, and the sensor network is at least one layer of star topology;

2)传感器根据布置点的信号强度,在系统局部自动组建子网络,同时相对应的传感器充当数据汇聚节点角色;2) The sensor automatically forms a sub-network locally in the system according to the signal strength of the arrangement point, and the corresponding sensor acts as a data gathering node;

3)同一数据汇聚节点下的子网络中的所有传感器均通过对应的数据汇聚节点统一与上级网络进行数据交换。3) All sensors in the sub-network under the same data aggregation node uniformly exchange data with the upper-level network through the corresponding data aggregation node.

优选地,在步骤2)中,同一级子网络中信号最佳的传感器自动成为该网络的数据汇聚节点。Preferably, in step 2), the sensor with the best signal in the same-level sub-network automatically becomes the data aggregation node of the network.

优选地,在步骤1)中,传感器网络中主网络的组建流程为:传感器检测数据汇聚装置,与数据汇聚装置通信成功后自动组建主网络。Preferably, in step 1), the formation process of the main network in the sensor network is as follows: the sensor detects the data aggregation device, and automatically forms the main network after successful communication with the data aggregation device.

优选地,传感器在主网络已组建的情况下,且至少与一个已入网的传感器节点实现数据通讯时,可自动加入主网络或子网络,自动加入网络流程为:传感器检测数据汇聚装置,与数据汇聚装置通信成功后自动加入主网络,否则检测其他已入网传感器,与其他已入网传感器通信成功后挑选信号最好的其他传感器,并发送组建子网络请求,子网络自检成功后自动加入子网络。Preferably, the sensor can automatically join the main network or the sub-network when the main network has been established and at least one sensor node that has been connected to the network realizes data communication. The aggregation device automatically joins the main network after successful communication, otherwise it detects other networked sensors, selects other sensors with the best signal after successful communication with other networked sensors, and sends a request to form a sub-network, and automatically joins the sub-network after the sub-network self-check is successful .

优选地,已入网的传感器能够对网络进行自动优化与维护,当传感器与网络断开连接时,传感器立即自动尝试重新入网;当传感器已入网后,传感器周期性的对网络进行检测,重新挑选信号最佳的节点作为数据汇聚节点,自动优化数据传输链路。Preferably, the sensor that has been connected to the network can automatically optimize and maintain the network. When the sensor is disconnected from the network, the sensor automatically tries to re-connect to the network immediately; when the sensor is connected to the network, the sensor periodically detects the network and re-selects the signal. The best node acts as a data sink node and automatically optimizes the data transmission link.

优选地,传感器自动维护网络流程为:入网传感器正常运行过程中,当传感器发生断链或到网络维护周期时自动优化网络。Preferably, the process of automatically maintaining the network by the sensor is: during the normal operation of the networked sensor, when the sensor is disconnected or the network maintenance cycle is reached, the network is automatically optimized.

优选地,传感器网络内的数据传输机制为:已入网的传感器,子网络内数据通过数据汇聚节点层层转发,子网络间数据隔离,实现全场域传感器与数据汇聚装置稳定通信与数据双向传输。Preferably, the data transmission mechanism in the sensor network is as follows: the sensors that have entered the network, the data in the sub-network is forwarded layer by layer through the data aggregation nodes, the data between the sub-networks is isolated, and the stable communication between the sensor and the data aggregation device in the whole field and the bidirectional data transmission are realized. .

优选地,数据在传输过程中全程加密,并使用校验算法,保证数据的准确性与安全性。Preferably, the data is encrypted throughout the transmission process, and a verification algorithm is used to ensure the accuracy and security of the data.

根据上述技术方案,本发明具有如下有益效果:在复杂的环境中,能够保证信号不佳处的数据采集可靠性。According to the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: in a complex environment, the reliability of data acquisition at places with poor signals can be ensured.

本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the detailed description that follows.

附图说明Description of drawings

附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中:The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification, and together with the following specific embodiments, are used to explain the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the attached image:

图1是一种优选实施方式的多层星型拓扑网络结构图;1 is a multi-layer star topology network structure diagram of a preferred embodiment;

图2是传感器自动组网流程示意图;Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the sensor automatic networking process;

图3是传感器自动入网流程示意图;Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the sensor automatic network access process;

图4是传感器自动维护网络流程示意图;Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the sensor automatic maintenance network process;

图5是双层星型拓扑结构数据流示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a data flow of a double-layer star topology.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

在本发明中,在未作相反说明的情况下,“上下左右、前后内外”等包含在术语中的方位词仅代表该术语在常规使用状态下的方位,或为本领域技术人员理解的俗称,而不应视为对该术语的限制。In the present invention, unless otherwise stated, the orientation words included in the term, such as "up, down, left, right, front, back, inside and outside", etc., only represent the orientation of the term under normal use, or are commonly known as understood by those skilled in the art , and should not be construed as a limitation of the term.

参见图1所示的一种多层星型拓扑网络结构图,该变电站射频传感器自组网数据传输方法包括:Referring to the structure diagram of a multi-layer star topology network shown in FIG. 1, the data transmission method of the substation radio frequency sensor ad hoc network includes:

1)组建传感器网络,传感器网络由数据汇聚装置和多个传感器节点构成,传感器网络为至少一层星型拓扑结构;1) Set up a sensor network, the sensor network is composed of a data aggregation device and a plurality of sensor nodes, and the sensor network is at least one layer of star topology;

2)传感器根据布置点的信号强度,在系统局部自动组建子网络,同时相对应的传感器充当数据汇聚节点角色;2) The sensor automatically forms a sub-network locally in the system according to the signal strength of the arrangement point, and the corresponding sensor acts as a data gathering node;

3)同一数据汇聚节点下的子网络中的所有传感器均通过对应的数据汇聚节点统一与上级网络进行数据交换。3) All sensors in the sub-network under the same data aggregation node uniformly exchange data with the upper-level network through the corresponding data aggregation node.

通过上述技术方案的实施,在复杂的环境中,能够保证信号不佳处的数据采集可靠性。Through the implementation of the above technical solutions, in a complex environment, the reliability of data acquisition at places with poor signals can be ensured.

至少一层星型拓扑结构包括:单层星型拓扑结构或多层星型拓扑结构,可根据实际工况自动组成。At least one layer of star topology includes: single-layer star topology or multi-layer star topology, which can be automatically formed according to actual working conditions.

单层星型拓扑网络结构数据传输速率快、传输效率高,适用于继电保护小室内小范围压板状态采集。小范围布置压板传感器只需将数据汇聚装置布置在监视范围的中心,信号就足以覆盖整个监视区域。The single-layer star topology network structure has fast data transmission rate and high transmission efficiency, and is suitable for small-scale pressure plate state acquisition in the relay protection small room. To arrange the platen sensor in a small area, it is only necessary to arrange the data aggregation device in the center of the monitoring area, and the signal is sufficient to cover the entire monitoring area.

多层星型拓扑网络结构数据传输稳定、监视范围大,适用于继电保护小室全小室压板状态采集。全小室压板监视范围大,安装在保护屏柜底部的传感器,信号穿透屏柜后受其他金属屏柜影响,衰减严重。因此,全小室压板监视需要使用多层星型拓扑结构,将分散的、处小室边缘的传感器稳定接入数据网络中。The multi-layer star topology network structure has stable data transmission and large monitoring range, and is suitable for the state acquisition of the whole cell pressure plate in the relay protection cell. The whole cell pressure plate has a large monitoring range. The sensor installed at the bottom of the protective screen cabinet will be affected by other metal screen cabinets after the signal penetrates the screen cabinet, and the attenuation will be serious. Therefore, the whole-cell platen monitoring needs to use a multi-layer star topology to stably connect the scattered sensors at the edge of the cell into the data network.

同时,由于小室内电磁环境复杂,信号强度波动大,多层网络的构建需具备灵活性,当环境发生变化时自动对网络结构做出调整。At the same time, due to the complex electromagnetic environment in the small room and the large fluctuation of signal strength, the construction of multi-layer network needs to be flexible, and the network structure can be adjusted automatically when the environment changes.

图1为典型传感器多层星型拓扑网络结构图。S node为网络内数据汇聚装置,Tnode均为功能相同的传感器。传感器根据布置点的信号强度,可在系统局部自动组建子网络。图1中的数据汇聚装置的下一级节点表示在一级子网络中充当数据汇聚节点角色的传感器,图1中位于数据汇聚装置右下角的下下一级节点表示在二级子网络中充当数据汇聚节点角色的传感器。子网络中的所有传感器通过数据汇聚节点统一与上级网络进行数据交换。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical sensor multi-layer star topology network. S node is a data aggregation device in the network, and Tnode is a sensor with the same function. The sensor can automatically form a sub-network locally in the system according to the signal strength of the arrangement point. The next-level node of the data aggregation device in Figure 1 represents a sensor that plays the role of a data aggregation node in the first-level sub-network, and the next-level node located in the lower right corner of the data aggregation device in Figure 1 represents a second-level sub-network. A sensor in the role of a data sink node. All sensors in the sub-network uniformly exchange data with the upper-level network through the data aggregation node.

在此网络结构下的传感器,在系统总设计容量内可自由组建若干网络层数,能够满足在常规变电站复杂多变的环境下,数据传输网络的稳定性与数据传输的可靠性。The sensors under this network structure can freely set up several network layers within the total design capacity of the system, which can satisfy the stability of the data transmission network and the reliability of data transmission in the complex and changeable environment of conventional substations.

在该实施方式中,为了保证信号传输的最优性,在步骤2)中,同一级子网络中信号最佳的传感器自动成为该网络的数据汇聚节点。In this embodiment, in order to ensure the optimality of signal transmission, in step 2), the sensor with the best signal in the same-level sub-network automatically becomes the data convergence node of the network.

在该实施方式中,传感器通过信号强度检测、环境节点监视、汇聚节点选择等算法处理,实现自动组建网络、自动加入网络与自动维护网络的自组网机制。数据传输网络的自动组建网络至少需要一个数据汇聚中心和一个传感器。网络的组建流程如图2所示。在步骤1)中,传感器网络中主网络的组建流程为:传感器检测数据汇聚装置,与数据汇聚装置通信成功后自动组建主网络。In this embodiment, the sensor is processed by algorithms such as signal strength detection, environmental node monitoring, and convergence node selection, to achieve an ad hoc network mechanism of automatically forming a network, automatically joining a network, and automatically maintaining a network. The automatic formation of the data transmission network network requires at least one data aggregation center and one sensor. The process of setting up the network is shown in Figure 2. In step 1), the formation process of the main network in the sensor network is as follows: the sensor detects the data aggregation device, and automatically forms the main network after successful communication with the data aggregation device.

在该实施方式中,传感器在主网络已组建的情况下,且至少与一个已入网的传感器节点实现数据通讯时,可自动加入主网络或子网络,如图3所示,自动加入网络流程为:传感器检测数据汇聚装置,与数据汇聚装置通信成功后自动加入主网络,否则检测其他已入网传感器,与其他已入网传感器通信成功后挑选信号最好的其他传感器,并发送组建子网络请求,子网络自检成功后自动加入子网络。In this embodiment, the sensor can automatically join the main network or the sub-network when the main network has been established and at least one sensor node that has been connected to the network realizes data communication. As shown in FIG. 3, the process of automatically joining the network is as follows : The sensor detects the data aggregation device, and automatically joins the main network after successfully communicating with the data aggregation device. Otherwise, it detects other networked sensors, selects other sensors with the best signal after successful communication with other networked sensors, and sends a request to form a sub-network. After the network self-check is successful, it will automatically join the sub-network.

在该实施方式中,已入网的传感器能够对网络进行自动优化与维护,当传感器与网络断开连接时,传感器立即自动尝试重新入网;当传感器已入网后,传感器周期性的对网络进行检测,重新挑选信号最佳的节点作为数据汇聚节点,自动优化数据传输链路。In this embodiment, the sensor that has been connected to the network can automatically optimize and maintain the network. When the sensor is disconnected from the network, the sensor automatically tries to reconnect to the network immediately; The node with the best signal is re-selected as the data sink node, and the data transmission link is automatically optimized.

如图4所示,传感器自动维护网络流程为:入网传感器正常运行过程中,当传感器发生断链或到网络维护周期时自动优化网络。其中自动优化网络的流程与自动入网流程相仿,不再赘述。As shown in Figure 4, the automatic network maintenance process of the sensor is: during the normal operation of the networked sensor, when the sensor is disconnected or the network maintenance cycle occurs, the network is automatically optimized. The process of automatically optimizing the network is similar to the process of automatically accessing the network, and will not be repeated here.

在该实施方式中,传感器网络内的数据传输机制为:已入网的传感器,子网络内数据通过数据汇聚节点层层转发,子网络间数据隔离,实现全场域传感器与数据汇聚装置稳定通信与数据双向传输。图5以双层星型网络结构为例,表现数据时如何在子网络与主网络间有序传递。In this embodiment, the data transmission mechanism in the sensor network is as follows: the sensors that have entered the network, the data in the sub-network is forwarded layer by layer through the data aggregation nodes, the data between the sub-networks is isolated, and the stable communication between the sensor and the data aggregation device in the whole field is realized. Data is transmitted in both directions. Figure 5 takes the double-layer star network structure as an example to show how the data is transmitted in an orderly manner between the sub-network and the main network.

在该实施方式中,数据在传输过程中全程加密,并使用校验算法,保证数据的准确性与安全性。In this embodiment, the data is encrypted throughout the transmission process, and a verification algorithm is used to ensure the accuracy and security of the data.

以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above-mentioned embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, These simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合,为了避免不必要的重复,本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。In addition, it should be noted that the specific technical features described in the above-mentioned specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner unless they are inconsistent. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention provides The combination method will not be specified otherwise.

此外,本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本发明的思想,其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。In addition, the various embodiments of the present invention can also be combined arbitrarily, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed in the present invention.

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