Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the prior front camera area can only photograph and is difficult to realize a better display function because no special light source is arranged in the hole, the application provides a liquid crystal display device, which comprises:
a liquid crystal display panel;
the first backlight assembly is positioned on one side of the liquid crystal display panel, and a light hole is formed in the first backlight assembly and corresponds to the light sensing area; and the number of the first and second groups,
the second backlight assembly is positioned on one side of the first backlight assembly, which is far away from the liquid crystal display panel, and the second backlight assembly is arranged corresponding to the light holes;
the second backlight assembly comprises a dimming liquid crystal sheet, a light emitting element and a circuit board, wherein the circuit board is used for controlling the light emitting element to emit light and the dimming liquid crystal sheet to be in a transparent state or an atomized state, and if the dimming liquid crystal sheet is in the transparent state, external environment light enters one side, far away from the liquid crystal display panel, of the second backlight assembly through the photosensitive area; if the dimming liquid crystal sheet is in an atomized state, the dimming liquid crystal sheet and the light-emitting element are matched to form a compensation surface light source, and backlight is provided for display of the photosensitive area;
the dimming liquid crystal sheet and the circuit board are arranged in a stacked mode and are electrically connected in a pasting mode, a through hole which is opposite to the light-transmitting hole is formed in the circuit board, and the aperture of the through hole is not smaller than that of the light-transmitting hole.
In some embodiments, the light-adjusting liquid crystal sheet comprises a first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate which are oppositely arranged, and liquid crystal particles are arranged between the first transparent substrate layer and the second transparent substrate; the liquid crystal display panel comprises a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate, a circuit board and a liquid crystal particle, wherein one sides of the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate facing the liquid crystal particle are respectively provided with an electrode layer, and the circuit board respectively provides positive electrode potential and negative electrode potential for the electrode layer of the first transparent substrate and the electrode layer of the second transparent substrate.
In some embodiments, the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate are arranged in a staggered manner, and both have regions which are not covered by each other in vertical projection, and the regions of the first transparent substrate which are not covered by the second transparent electrode layer are provided with notches; a first conductive adhesive is adhered to the area of the first transparent substrate not covered by the second transparent substrate, and the first conductive adhesive is adhered to the circuit board through the notch; and a second conductive adhesive is adhered to the area of the second transparent substrate which is not covered by the first transparent substrate, and the second conductive adhesive is adhered to the circuit board.
In some embodiments, the first conductive adhesive is attached to the electrode layer of the first transparent substrate, and the second conductive adhesive is attached to the electrode layer of the second transparent substrate.
In some embodiments, the light-adjusting liquid crystal sheet, the light-emitting element and the circuit board are sequentially disposed from top to bottom, the light-emitting element includes a plurality of light-emitting diodes, and the plurality of light-emitting diodes are disposed around the through hole.
In some embodiments, the light emitting element is in the same layer as the dimming lc sheet, and the light emitting element includes a plurality of light emitting diodes disposed around the dimming lc sheet.
In some embodiments, the light emitting element and the dimming liquid crystal sheet are above the circuit board, or the light emitting element and the dimming liquid crystal sheet are below the circuit board.
In some embodiments, if the light-adjusting liquid crystal sheet is a forward light-adjusting liquid crystal sheet, the light-adjusting liquid crystal sheet is in a transparent state when a voltage is applied to the electrode layer of the first transparent substrate and the electrode layer of the second transparent substrate; when no voltage is applied to the electrode layer of the first transparent substrate and the electrode layer of the second transparent substrate, the dimming liquid crystal sheet is in an atomized state; if the dimming liquid crystal sheet is a reverse dimming liquid crystal sheet, the dimming liquid crystal sheet is in an atomized state when a voltage is applied to the electrode layer of the first transparent substrate and the electrode layer of the second transparent substrate; when no voltage is applied to the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer, the light-adjusting liquid crystal sheet is in a transparent state.
In some embodiments, the material of the liquid crystal microparticles is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal material or a polymer network liquid crystal material.
In some embodiments, the second backlight assembly further includes a hollow plastic frame for fixing the dimming liquid crystal sheet, the light emitting element and the circuit board as a whole.
The embodiment of the application provides a liquid crystal display device, including the liquid crystal display panel, first subassembly in a poor light, the second subassembly in a poor light that from top to bottom stacks gradually the setting, wherein, first subassembly in a poor light is equipped with the light trap, and the second subassembly in a poor light sets up for the light trap, and the second subassembly in a poor light is including adjusting luminance liquid crystal piece, light emitting component and circuit board, is equipped with on the circuit board with the light trap set up relatively and the aperture is greater than the through-hole aperture.
When the liquid crystal display panel needs to enable external environment light to pass through corresponding to the photosensitive area of the light hole, the circuit board enables the dimming liquid crystal sheet to be in a transparent state and enables the external environment light to be incident to the back side, far away from the first backlight assembly, of the second backlight assembly through the liquid crystal display panel, the light hole of the first backlight assembly, the dimming liquid crystal sheet of the second backlight assembly and the through hole of the circuit board (or firstly pass through the through hole of the circuit board and then pass through the dimming liquid crystal sheet of the second backlight assembly); when the area of the liquid crystal display panel corresponding to the light hole needs to display, the circuit board enables the dimming liquid crystal sheet to be in an atomized state and enables the light-emitting element to emit light so as to provide a compensation surface light source, and the compensation surface light source is guided by the dimming liquid crystal sheet to enter the light-sensitive area corresponding to the light hole. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device has both the image acquisition function (or the underscreen fingerprint identification function) and the screen display function in the photosensitive area corresponding to the light hole, thereby realizing the real comprehensive screen technology. Meanwhile, the dimming liquid crystal sheet of the second backlight assembly is arranged in a laminating mode and is electrically connected with the circuit board in a sticking mode, so that the second backlight assembly is simple in structure, and the ultrathin design is realized.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device provided in an embodiment of the present application, fig. 2(a) is a first plan view of the liquid crystal display device provided in the embodiment of the present application, and fig. 2(b) is a second plan view of the liquid crystal display device provided in the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, and fig. 2(a) or fig. 2(b), the liquidcrystal display device 1 includes:
a liquidcrystal display panel 10, wherein aphotosensitive area 101 is defined in a display area of the liquidcrystal display panel 10;
afirst backlight assembly 20 positioned at one side of the liquidcrystal display panel 10, wherein alight transmission hole 201 is formed in thefirst backlight assembly 20, and thelight transmission hole 201 is arranged corresponding to thelight sensing region 101; and the number of the first and second groups,
and asecond backlight assembly 30 positioned at a side of thefirst backlight assembly 20 far away from the liquid crystal display panel, wherein thesecond backlight assembly 30 is arranged corresponding to thelight hole 201.
With reference to fig. 3 to 8, regarding three exemplary structures of thesecond backlight assembly 30, thesecond backlight assembly 30 includes a dimmingliquid crystal sheet 301, alight emitting element 302 and acircuit board 303; thecircuit board 303 is used for controlling thelight emitting element 302 to emit light and the dimmingliquid crystal panel 301 to be in a transparent state or an atomized state, athrough hole 3031 is arranged on thecircuit board 303 and opposite to thelight transmission hole 201, and the aperture of the throughhole 3031 is not smaller than that of thelight transmission hole 201. The dimmingliquid crystal panel 301 and thecircuit board 303 are stacked and electrically connected in a sticking manner, athrough hole 3031 is arranged on thecircuit board 303 and opposite to the light-transmittinghole 201, and the aperture of thethrough hole 3031 is not smaller than that of the light-transmittinghole 201.
Specifically, when thelight sensing region 101 of the liquidcrystal display panel 10 corresponding to thelight transmission hole 201 needs to allow the external environment light to pass through (e.g. the liquid crystal display panel performs front camera photography, image pickup, or underscreen fingerprint recognition, etc.), thecircuit board 303 makes thedimming liquid crystal 301 in a transparent state and makes the external environment light enter the side of thesecond backlight assembly 30 far away from the liquidcrystal display panel 20 through the liquidcrystal display panel 10, thelight transmission hole 201 of thefirst backlight assembly 20, the dimmingliquid crystal 301 of thesecond backlight assembly 30, and the throughhole 3031 of the circuit board 303 (or pass through the throughhole 3031 of thecircuit board 303 and then pass through the dimmingliquid crystal 301 of the second backlight assembly 20), it should be noted that thecircuit board 303 does not need to make thelight emitting element 302 emit light at this time, otherwise it may have adverse effects on the photographing function and fingerprint recognition, and at this time, thedimming liquid crystal 301 is in a transparent state, the light guide effect cannot be achieved; in addition, when the liquidcrystal display panel 10 needs to display in thelight sensing region 101 corresponding to thelight transmission hole 201, thecircuit board 303 enables the light adjustingliquid crystal sheet 301 to be in the fog state and enables thelight emitting element 302 to emit light to provide a compensating surface light source, and at this time, the light adjustingliquid crystal sheet 301 serves as a light guide plate to provide backlight for the compensating surface light source to thelight sensing region 101.
Note that, the whole area in fig. 2(a) or fig. 2(b) is the liquidcrystal display panel 10, and the portion of the liquidcrystal display panel 10 excluding thesecond backlight assembly 30 is thefirst backlight assembly 20. Fig. 2(a) is a top view of the liquidcrystal display device 1 corresponding to a case where the front camera takes a picture and captures an image when the light-sensing area 101 passes the external environment light, and fig. 2(b) is a top view of the liquidcrystal display device 1 corresponding to a case where the light-sensing area 101 passes the external environment light and is used for identifying the finger print under the screen.
Further, in order to make the external ambient light smoothly enter the lower portion of thesecond backlight assembly 30 after passing through the liquidcrystal display panel 10 and the lower light-emitting surface of thelight hole 201, athrough hole 3031 is disposed at thecircuit board 303 corresponding to thelight hole 201, and the aperture of thethrough hole 3031 should be larger than that of thelight hole 201, so that the external ambient light can be fully transmitted to the lower portion of thesecond backlight assembly 30.
Therefore, the liquidcrystal display device 1 provided by the embodiment of the application has both the image acquisition function (or the underscreen fingerprint identification function) and the screen display function in thephotosensitive area 101 corresponding to thelight hole 201, thereby realizing a real comprehensive screen technology. Meanwhile, the dimmingliquid crystal sheet 301 and thecircuit board 303 of thesecond backlight assembly 20 are stacked and electrically connected in a pasting manner, and thesecond backlight assembly 20 does not need to be electrically connected in a traditional manner such as external wires or welding, so that the structure of thesecond backlight assembly 20 is simple, and the ultra-thin design is realized.
It is understood that, when the liquidcrystal display device 1 is in operation, the liquidcrystal display device 1 is further provided with a photosensitive element (not shown in the drawings) on the backlight side of thesecond backlight assembly 20 and corresponding to the light-transmittinghole 201, and the photosensitive element is a front camera or an off-screen sensor.
It should be noted that, in order to make the light-sensingregion 101 used for displaying, the light-emittingelement 302 emits light to provide a compensating surface light source without affecting the display screen of the light-sensingregion 101, the light-emittingelement 302 is not generally disposed at a position right opposite to the light-transmittinghole 201.
It should be noted that thedimming lc sheet 301 and thelight emitting device 302 are disposed on the same side of thecircuit board 303, and thedimming lc sheet 301 and thelight emitting device 302 are disposed above or below thecircuit board 303. In addition, it is understood that, in order to facilitate the arrangement of thelight emitting elements 302, the area of thecircuit board 303 is generally larger than that of the dimmingliquid crystal sheet 301. Three exemplary configurations of thesecond backlight assembly 30 are given below and described in relation thereto.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a first structure of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 4 is a top view of a first structure of a second backlight assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention, the second backlight assembly of fig. 4 corresponds to the second backlight assembly in the first structure of the liquid crystal display device of fig. 3, a solid line in fig. 4 indicates that a part is above, a dotted line indicates that a part is below, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a dimmingliquid crystal panel 301 and alight emitting element 302 are above, acircuit board 303 is below, and thelight emitting element 302 is disposed between the dimmingliquid crystal panel 301 and thecircuit board 303, thelight emitting element 302 includes a plurality of light emitting diodes LEDs, the plurality of light emitting diodes LEDs are disposed around a throughhole 3031, since the aperture of thethrough hole 3031 is not smaller than the aperture of the lighttransmissive hole 201, the light emitting diodes LED do not face a region of the lighttransmissive hole 201, and a region of the liquidcrystal display panel 10 corresponding, the light emitting diode LED is not very dazzling.
It should be noted that, since the compensating surface light source when thelight emitting element 302 emits light needs to guide light through the light adjustingliquid crystal sheet 301, when thelight emitting element 302 and the light adjustingliquid crystal sheet 301 are both located below thecircuit board 303, thelight emitting element 302 cannot be disposed between the light adjustingliquid crystal sheet 301 and thecircuit board 303, otherwise, the light adjustingliquid crystal sheet 301 cannot guide the compensating surface light source into thelight hole 201.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a second structure of a second backlight assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, fig. 6 is a top view illustrating the second structure of the second backlight assembly according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, a solid line in fig. 6 indicates that a part is on the top, a dotted line indicates that the part is on the bottom, the second backlight assembly of fig. 6 corresponds to the second backlight assembly according to the second structure of the liquid crystal display device of fig. 5, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, adimming lc sheet 301 and alight emitting device 302 are on the top, acircuit board 303 is on the bottom, thelight emitting device 302 and thedimming lc sheet 301 are in the same layer, thelight emitting device 302 includes a plurality of light emitting diodes LEDs, the plurality of light emitting diodes are disposed around thedimming lc sheet 301, and the light emitting diodes provide a surface light source for the light holes 201 in a lateral light source manner.
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a third structure of a second backlight assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, fig. 8 is a top view illustrating the third structure of the second backlight assembly according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the second backlight assembly of fig. 8 corresponds to the second backlight assembly in the third structure of the liquid crystal display device of fig. 7, a solid line in fig. 8 indicates that a component is on top, a dotted line indicates that the component is on bottom, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, acircuit board 303 is on top, a dimmingliquid crystal sheet 301 and alight emitting element 302 are on bottom, and thelight emitting element 302 and the dimmingliquid crystal sheet 301 are in the same layer, thelight emitting element 302 includes a plurality of light emitting diodes LEDs, the plurality of light emitting diodes are disposed around the dimmingliquid crystal sheet 301, and the light emitting diodes provide compensation for thelight hole 201 through a lateral light source.
It should be noted that the light emitting diodes LEDs of the first structure are disposed below the light adjustinglc sheet 301 and around the light adjustinglc sheet 301, so that compared with the side-in type backlight mode in which the light emitting LEDs of the second structure and the third structure are disposed on the same layer as the light adjustinglc sheet 301, the light emitting LEDs of the second structure and the third structure are more sufficient and uniform than the compensating surface light source provided by the first structure to the light holes 201, and therefore the actual display effect of the second structure and the third structure is better than that of the first structure.
It is understood that fig. 3 to 8 are only examples, and the specific number and the specific distribution position of the light emitting diodes LEDs can be adjusted according to practical situations, and are not limited herein.
The light modulationliquid crystal sheet 301 is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film, belongs to a functional photoelectric film, and can be switched between a transparent state and a fogging state (close to a frosting effect) by applying a voltage to the light modulationliquid crystal sheet 301, wherein the transparency is adjusted by the voltage.
Specifically, if the dimmingliquid crystal panel 301 is the forward dimmingliquid crystal panel 301, the dimmingliquid crystal panel 301 is in a transparent state when thecircuit board 303 applies a voltage to the firsttransparent substrate 3011 and the secondtransparent substrate 3012, and the dimmingliquid crystal panel 301 is in a fogging state when the firsttransparent substrate 3011 and the secondtransparent substrate 3012 do not apply a voltage; if the dimmingliquid crystal panel 301 is the reverse dimmingliquid crystal panel 301, the dimmingliquid crystal panel 301 is in a fogging state when thecircuit board 303 applies a voltage to the firsttransparent substrate 3011 and the secondtransparent substrate 3012, and the dimmingliquid crystal panel 301 is in a transparent state when the firsttransparent substrate 3011 and the secondtransparent substrate 3012 do not apply a voltage. The degree of atomization in the atomized state is determined by the magnitude of the applied voltage, and the greater the applied voltage, the higher the degree of atomization.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a light-adjusting liquid crystal sheet according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 9, a light-adjusting liquid crystal sheet 301 includes a first transparent substrate 3011 and a second transparent substrate 3012, liquid crystal microparticles 3015 are disposed between the first transparent substrate 3011 and the second transparent substrate 3012, electrode layers are respectively disposed on the first transparent substrate 3011 and the second transparent substrate 3012 on sides facing the liquid crystal microparticles 3015, the electrode layer of the first transparent substrate 3011 is referred to as a first electrode layer 3013, the electrode layer of the second transparent substrate 3012 is referred to as a second electrode layer 3014, the first transparent substrate 3011 and the second transparent substrate 3012 form the light-adjusting liquid crystal sheet 301 with the first electrode layer 3013, the liquid crystal microparticles 3015, and the second transparent substrate 3012 as a whole, and a material of the liquid crystal microparticles 3015 may be a polymer dispersed liquid crystal material or a polymer network liquid crystal material; the circuit board 303 is connected to the first electrode layer 3013 and the second electrode layer 3014, and provides a positive electrode potential and a negative electrode potential for the first electrode layer 3013 and the second electrode layer 3014 to deflect the liquid crystal particles 3015, so that the light-adjusting liquid crystal panel 301 is in an atomized state or a transparent state.
It is understood that, in order to further reduce the thickness and weight of thesecond backlight assembly 30 and improve the heat dissipation of thesecond backlight assembly 30, thecircuit board 303 in thesecond backlight assembly 30 may employ aflexible circuit board 303 made of polyimide or mylar material. In this way, the dimmingliquid crystal sheet 301 and thecircuit board 303 can be bonded by a conductive adhesive, and the conductive adhesive is preferably made of a transparent material.
In one embodiment, taking the example that the dimming liquid crystal panel 301 is disposed above the circuit board 303, fig. 10(a) is a cross-sectional view of the dimming liquid crystal panel and the circuit board of the second backlight assembly provided in the present embodiment, fig. 10(b) is a top view of the dimming liquid crystal panel and the circuit board of the second backlight assembly 30 provided in the present embodiment, and fig. 10(c) is a top view of the circuit board and the conductive adhesive board of the second backlight assembly provided in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 10(a), fig. 10(b) and fig. 10(c), the first transparent substrate 3011 and the second transparent substrate 3012 of the dimming liquid crystal panel 301 are relatively staggered, that is, in vertical projection, there are regions of the first transparent substrate 3011 and the second transparent substrate 3012 that are not covered by each other, a gap 3018 is formed in an area of the first transparent substrate 3011 not covered by the second transparent substrate 3012, and it should be emphasized that the gap 3018 is used to lead out a conductive adhesive from an electrode layer of the first transparent substrate 3011 to facilitate the adhesion of the first electrode layer 3013 and the circuit board 303.
Specifically, a first conductive adhesive 3016 is adhered to a region of the firsttransparent substrate 3011 not covered by the secondtransparent substrate 3012, and the first conductive adhesive 3016 is connected to afirst welding rod 3032 of thecircuit board 303 through agap 3018; a second conductive adhesive 3017 is attached to a region of the secondtransparent substrate 3012 not covered by the firsttransparent substrate 3011, and the second conductive adhesive 3017 is connected to asecond solder bar 3033 of thecircuit board 303. Thecircuit board 303 is connected to the main board by a lead, so that the main board provides a positive voltage and a negative voltage to thefirst electrode 3032 and thesecond electrode 3033 of thecircuit board 303 by the lead.
Through the above pasting manner, the conductive adhesive can be located between the dimmingliquid crystal sheet 301 and thecircuit board 303, i.e. the thickness of thesecond backlight assembly 30 is not additionally increased, so that thesecond backlight assembly 30 is ultra-thin in design, and the occupied space is small. It can be understood that, in order to make the conductive adhesive firmly adhere the dimmingliquid crystal panel 301 and thecircuit board 303, the thickness of the conductive adhesive is not less than half of the thickness of the dimmingliquid crystal panel 301.
It should be noted that thecircuit board 303 further provides a lead 3034 to connect with an external main board (as shown in fig. 2(a) and fig. 2 (b)), and thecircuit board 303 introduces a positive electrode potential and a negative electrode potential to the firsttransparent substrate 3011 and the secondtransparent substrate 3012 through the external main board.
In addition, thesecond backlight assembly 30 further includes a hollow plastic frame (not shown in the drawings) for integrally fixing the dimmingliquid crystal panel 301, thelight emitting elements 302, and thecircuit board 303.
The shapes of the light controlliquid crystal panel 301, thecircuit board 303 and the hollow plastic frame of thesecond backlight assembly 30 are not limited, and may be square, circular, triangular, etc., as long as the shapes of thesecond backlight assembly 30 and thefirst backlight assembly 20 and the liquidcrystal display device 1 to which the same is applied are matched.
Further, optical films such as a reflective sheet, a diffusion sheet, and a prism sheet may be added to thesecond backlight assembly 30 to improve the illumination and distribution effect of the external environment light or the compensation surface light source.
It can be understood that, in order to make thesecond backlight assembly 30 in the transparent state, when the dimmingliquid crystal panel 301 is in the transparent state, the external environment light can smoothly enter the image capturing device, and the pixel density of the area of the liquidcrystal display panel 10 corresponding to the light-transmittinghole 201 is smaller, that is, the pixel distribution is sparse.
The liquid crystal display device 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application, through carrying out image acquisition or fingerprint recognition under the screen according to the photosensitive area 101, still carry out image display, control second backlight unit 30 is in transparent state or atomizing state through circuit board 303 control liquid crystal sheet 301 of adjusting luminance to and make light emitting component 302 give out light or not give out light in order to provide compensation area light source in the liquid crystal display device region that the light trap corresponds, specifically do: when the photosensitive area 101 performs image acquisition or underscreen fingerprint identification, the circuit board 303 controls the dimming liquid crystal sheet 301 to be in a transparent state and the light-emitting element 302 to not emit light, so that external environment light is incident to the side of the second backlight assembly 30, which is far away from the liquid crystal display panel, of the second backlight assembly 30 through the liquid crystal display panel 10, the lower light-emitting surface of the light-transmitting hole 201 of the first backlight assembly 20 and the second backlight assembly 30; when the light sensing area 101 displays an image, the circuit board 303 controls the light adjusting liquid crystal sheet 301 to be in an atomized state and the light emitting element 302 emits light to provide a compensation surface light source, the compensation surface light source guides light through the light adjusting liquid crystal sheet 301 and then enters the light sensing area 101 corresponding to the light transmitting hole 201 through the upper light emitting surface of the light transmitting hole 201 of the first backlight module 20, so that the light sensing area 101 of the liquid crystal display panel 10 corresponding to the light transmitting hole 201 can also normally display as the liquid crystal display panel 10 corresponding to an area other than the light transmitting hole 201, and thus the liquid crystal display panel 10 has both an image acquisition function (or a fingerprint identification function under a screen) and a screen display function in the area corresponding to the light transmitting hole 201, thereby realizing a real full screen technology.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
The above description of the embodiments is only for assisting understanding of the technical solutions and the core ideas thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.