CN112696961A - Three-stage phase change heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

A three-level phase change heat exchanger is used for heat dissipation of high-power components with ultrahigh heat flux density, and comprises: the heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger main body, a heat exchanger heat; cooling liquid nozzle and supporting structure thereof, includes: a support structure and a nozzle or array of nozzles. The refrigerant fluid working medium flows into the metal harmonica tube through the end, absorbs the heat led in from the lower wall surface of the harmonica tube, and the vaporized refrigerant flows out from the other end of the metal harmonica tube. When heat is sharply increased, the metal or alloy solid material in the cavity is subjected to solid-liquid phase change, the spray nozzle at the top sprays atomized cooling (insulating) liquid, the atomized cooling (insulating) liquid is contacted with the upper surface of the heat dissipation shell, and the atomized cooling (insulating) liquid absorbs heat to be vaporized, so that extra instantaneous heat flow heat of the part is absorbed through two phase change latent heat of the metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change and cooling liquid spray liquid-gas phase change, and the temperature of a high-power component is guaranteed to be maintained within a certain range to normally work.

Description

Three-stage phase change heat exchanger

Technical Field

The invention relates to a three-stage phase change heat exchanger.

Background

The heat flux density of the high-power component as the core component of the electronic device is on the rapid increase trend, and reaches 1000W/cm at present²A rank. At present, the heat dissipation mode of high-power components mainly depends on air cooling, and liquid cooling and two-phase flow heat dissipation are popularized in recent years. Air cooling has met a bottleneck in current development due to limited heat dissipation capabilities. The liquid cooling and two-phase flow heat dissipation form has the characteristics of strong heat dissipation capability and small structure volume of the used heat exchangerThe method has wide application prospect in the field of heat dissipation of high-power components. The heat radiators used in the two heat radiation modes have basically similar integral structures, and working medium fluid flows through a sealed cavity of the heat exchanger (a flow channel is arranged in a common cavity or a heat exchange strengthening structure is arranged in the cavity), and the heat generated by the high-power component is absorbed through the temperature rise or the phase change of the working medium.

The heat exchanger with the single structure can deal with heat production of high-power components during normal work, but heat produced by high-frequency work of the high-power components in a short time cannot be transferred in time, so that the gas content of working medium fluid is increased easily to cause dryness and the heat exchange capacity is suddenly reduced. Therefore, a new heat exchanger is needed to be provided, which not only can take away heat generated by normal operation of the high-power components, but also can deal with 'extra' heat generated by short-time high-frequency operation of the high-power components.

Disclosure of Invention

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a three-stage phase change heat exchanger, characterized by comprising:

a main body of the heat exchanger is provided with a heat exchanger,

a cooling liquid nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the cooling liquid nozzle,

the support structure of the cooling liquid nozzle is,

the heat exchanger main part includes:

a section of metal harmonica-shaped tube,

a metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity,

two end heads are arranged at the two ends of the sleeve,

wherein:

the metal harmonica tube is attached on the heating high-power component,

the interior of the metal harmonica tube is provided with a plurality of parallel pore canals,

the metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity is positioned above the metal harmonica tube;

in the pore canal direction, the inlet and the outlet of the metal harmonica tube are connected with two ends;

the cooling liquid nozzle and the support structure of the cooling liquid nozzle include:

a support structure for supporting the movable part of the movable part,

one nozzle and/or one nozzle array comprising a plurality of nozzles.

According to another aspect of the invention, a three-stage phase change heat exchange method based on the three-stage phase change heat exchanger is provided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a general schematic diagram of a three-stage phase change heat exchanger according to one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of the three-stage phase change heat exchanger shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 3A is a sectional view taken along the section B-B in fig. 2. Fig. 3B is a sectional view taken along a-a section in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a high power component heat dissipation system including a three-stage phase change heat exchanger according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a high power component heat dissipation system including a three-stage phase change heat exchanger according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Aiming at the defects of the existing heat exchanger, the invention absorbs the heat generated by the short-time high-frequency work of the high-power component by adding the low-melting-point phase-change material and combining spray cooling, inhibits the rapid temperature rise of the high-power component and ensures the normal work of the high-power component.

A three-stage phase change heat exchanger is characterized in that: this heat exchanger structure includes: the heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger body, a nozzle and a supporting structure thereof. The heat exchanger main body comprises a section of metal harmonica tube (1), a metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) and two end heads (3) and (4), wherein the metal harmonica tube (1) is attached to a heating high-power component, and a plurality of small-scale parallel pore channels are formed in the metal harmonica tube; the metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) is positioned on the metal harmonica tube (1); in the pore canal direction, the inlet and the outlet of the metal harmonica tube (1) are connected with two ends (3) and (4); the cooling liquid nozzle and its support structure comprise a support structure (5), a nozzle or an array of nozzles (6).

The metal harmonica tube (1) is internally provided with a plurality of small-scale parallel pore channels, the hydraulic diameter is less than 1mm, refrigerant or water flows in the pore channels, the inlet of the pore channels is a single-phase fluid, and the outlet of the pore channels is a single-phase or two-phase fluid.

The cross-sectional shape of the cell is not limited to the rectangular shape shown in fig. 3A and 3B, and may be other cross-sectional shapes.

The hollow part of the metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity is filled with a specific phase change material, and the outer surface of the top end cover of the metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity is provided with a channel.

The specific phase-change material is selected according to the actual use condition of the heat exchanger, in particular to a low-melting-point metal phase-change material.

The support structure (5) is not limited to the structure of fig. 1.

The metal harmonica tube (1), a metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) and the two ends (3) and (4) can be made of copper, aluminum and aluminum alloy or other metal materials meeting the requirements of heat conduction and strength.

The metal harmonica tube (1), a metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) and two end heads (3) and (4) are welded together. The lower edges of the four peripheral frames of the metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) are welded with the upper surface and the ends (3) and (4) of the metal harmonica tube (1), and the upper edges are welded with a rectangular metal cover plate with proper thickness to finally form a sealed cavity.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention can not only solve the heating problem of the high-power component in normal operation, but also solve a large amount of heat load generated by the short-time high-frequency operation of the component.

(2) Under the condition of low heating power, only the refrigerant is circulated to work, so that the energy-saving effect is obvious.

(3) The metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material has strong heat conduction capability, can quickly absorb heat generated by a high-power element and relieve the temperature rise speed.

(4) Atomized cooling liquid drops impact the heat exchange surface and then are vaporized, the heat exchange capacity is extremely strong, and the temperature of the high-power element can be controlled in time.

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3A and 3B, a three-stage phase-change heat exchanger according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a heat exchanger body, a cooling liquid nozzle and its supporting structure. The heat exchanger main body comprises a section of metal harmonica pipe (1), a metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) and two end heads (3) and (4); the metal harmonica tube (1) is attached to a heating high-power component, high-efficiency heat conduction materials are filled between the metal harmonica tube and the heating high-power component, contact thermal resistance is reduced, and a plurality of small-scale parallel pore channels (1-1) are arranged inside the metal harmonica tube (1); the metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) is positioned on the metal harmonica tube (1); in the pore channel direction, the metal harmonica tube (1) is connected with two end heads (3) and (4); the cooling liquid nozzle and its support structure comprise a support structure (5) and a nozzle or an array of nozzles (6).

In practical use, the size of the three-stage phase-change heat exchanger can be adjusted according to the size of a heating high-power component, and particularly, the number of pore channels, the length of the pore channels and the size of the pore channels in the metal harmonica tube contained in the three-stage phase-change heat exchanger can be changed.

The operation of the three-stage phase change heat exchanger according to the present invention may be realized by a heat dissipation cycle. For different application scenarios: (1) the environment is open, and cooling liquid does not need to be recycled; (2) the invention provides two different embodiments for closed environment and cooling liquid needing to be recovered.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 4, the high-power component heat dissipation system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a three-stage phase-change heat exchanger (1), a high-power component (2), a heat sink (3), a liquid storage tank (4), a fluorine pump (5), a coolant liquid supply system, and a connection pipeline according to the present invention. According to one embodiment of the invention, the phase change material is selected as a low melting point phase change metal material at 48 ℃, and is filled between the heat conducting fins (2-1). The refrigerant enters the three-stage phase-change heat exchanger under the driving of the fluorine pump, absorbs heat released by the high-power component (2), changes from single phase to gas-liquid two phase, then enters the heat radiator for heat dissipation, and returns to the single-phase state, then enters the liquid storage tank, and finally is pumped away by the fluorine pump, so that a heat dissipation cycle is completed. When the high-power components start to work at high frequency for a short time, the refrigerant circulation is not enough to take away all heat, the overall temperature of the heat exchanger rises, heat generated by the high-power components enters a metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (1-2) through the wall surface of the heat exchanger in a heat conduction mode, when the temperature of the low-melting-point phase change metal reaches a set melting point, the low-melting-point phase change metal generates solid-liquid phase change to absorb heat, meanwhile, a cooling liquid supply system injects liquid cooling liquid into a nozzle or a nozzle array (1-6) and is discharged through the nozzle to form atomized cooling liquid, the cooling liquid drops contact with a top end cover (1-2-1) to generate vaporization to absorb heat, the vaporized cooling liquid is dissipated to the environment, and the temperature of the high-power components is.

Example 2:

as shown in fig. 5, the high-power component heat dissipation system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a three-stage phase-change heat exchanger (1), a high-power component (2), a heat sink (3), a liquid storage tank (4), a fluorine pump (5), a coolant liquid supply and recovery system (7), and a connection pipeline. According to one embodiment of the invention, the phase change material is selected as a low melting point phase change metal material at 48 ℃, and is filled between the heat conducting fins (2-1). The refrigerant enters the three-stage phase-change heat exchanger under the driving of the fluorine pump, absorbs heat released by the high-power component (2), changes from single phase to gas-liquid two phase, then enters the heat radiator for heat dissipation, and returns to the single-phase state, then enters the liquid storage tank, and finally is pumped away by the fluorine pump, so that a heat dissipation cycle is completed. When a high-power component starts to work at high frequency for a short time, the refrigerant circulation is not enough to take away all heat, the integral temperature of the heat exchanger rises, the heat generated by the high-power component enters a metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (1-2) and a top end cover (1-2-1) through the heat conduction of the wall surface of the heat exchanger, when the temperature of the low-melting phase change metal reaches a set melting point, the low-melting phase change metal generates solid-liquid phase change to absorb heat, meanwhile, a cooling liquid supply system injects liquid cooling liquid into a nozzle or a nozzle array (1-6) and is discharged through the nozzle to form atomized cooling liquid, the liquid drops of the cooling liquid are contacted with the top end cover (1-2-1) to generate vaporization to absorb heat, the vaporized cooling liquid is diffused in the cavity (7-1), and due to the existence, pressure difference exists between the two, the gaseous coolant enters the low-pressure end (7-2) from the high-pressure end (7-1) along the pipeline, releases heat, is condensed back to a liquid state, then enters the liquid storage tank (7-3), is pumped away by the pump (7-4) and enters the nozzle or the nozzle array (1-6), and a cycle is completed. By adjusting the rotational speed of the pump (7-4), the coolant working pressure can be adjusted to a desired range.

Claims (10)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种三级相变换热器，其特征在于包括：1. a three-stage phase-change heat exchanger is characterized in that comprising:换热器主体，heat exchanger body,冷却液体喷嘴，cooling liquid nozzles,冷却液体喷嘴的支撑结构，Support structure for cooling liquid nozzles,换热器主体包括：The heat exchanger body includes:一段金属口琴管(1)，A piece of metal harmonica pipe (1),一个金属和/或合金固液相变材料腔体(2)，a metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2),两个端头(3、4)，two ends (3, 4),其中：in:金属口琴管(1)贴合在发热大功率元器件上，The metal harmonica tube (1) is attached to the heating high-power components,金属口琴管内部具有多个平行孔道，The inside of the metal harmonica tube has multiple parallel holes,金属和/或合金固液相变材料腔体(2)位于金属口琴管(1)的上面；The metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) is located above the metal harmonica pipe (1);在孔道方向上，金属口琴管(1)的入、出口与两个端头(3、4)连接；In the direction of the tunnel, the inlet and outlet of the metal harmonica pipe (1) are connected with the two ends (3, 4);冷却液体喷嘴及冷却液体喷嘴的支撑结构包括：The cooling liquid nozzle and the supporting structure of the cooling liquid nozzle include:一个支撑结构(5)，a support structure (5),一个喷嘴和/或一个含有多个喷嘴的喷嘴阵列(6)。A nozzle and/or a nozzle array (6) containing a plurality of nozzles.2.根据权利要求1所述的三级相变换热器，，其特征在于：2. three-stage phase changer heat exchanger according to claim 1, is characterized in that:平行孔道(1-1)内用于流通制冷剂，The parallel channels (1-1) are used to circulate refrigerant,在平行孔道(1-1)入口处的制冷剂为单相流体，The refrigerant at the inlet of the parallel channel (1-1) is a single-phase fluid,当大功率元器件发热量小时，制冷剂通过显热吸收热量；当发热量大的时，制冷剂通过潜热吸收热量。When the calorific value of high-power components is small, the refrigerant absorbs heat through sensible heat; when the calorific value is large, the refrigerant absorbs heat through latent heat.3.根据权利要求2所述的三级相变换热器，其特征在于：3. three-stage phase changer heat exchanger according to claim 2, is characterized in that:每个平行孔道(1-1)均具有小的水力直径，小于1mm，属于微通道。其横截面形状如图3所示为矩形，但不局限图中的截面形状。Each parallel channel (1-1) has a small hydraulic diameter, less than 1 mm, and belongs to a microchannel. Its cross-sectional shape is rectangular as shown in FIG. 3 , but it is not limited to the cross-sectional shape in the figure.4.根据权利要求1所述的三级相变换热器，其特征在于：4. three-stage phase changer heat exchanger according to claim 1, is characterized in that:金属和/或合金固液相变材料腔体(2)的内部设有导热肋片(2-1)，用于强化金属和/或合金固液相变材料的内部的导热，The interior of the metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) is provided with heat-conducting fins (2-1), which are used to strengthen the heat conduction inside the metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material,金属和/或合金固液相变材料被填充肋片(2-1)之间。Metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material is filled between the fins (2-1).5.根据权利要求4所述的三级相变换热器，其特征在于：5. three-stage phase changer heat exchanger according to claim 4 is characterized in that:金属和/或合金固液相变材料通过固液相变吸收大功率元器件短时高频工作时的大量产热，Metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change materials absorb a large amount of heat generated by high-power components during short-term high-frequency operation through solid-liquid phase change.金属或合金固液相变材料腔体(2)的顶部端盖的外表面设有槽道(2-2)，用于加大冷却液与表面的换热。The outer surface of the top end cover of the metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) is provided with a channel (2-2) for increasing the heat exchange between the cooling liquid and the surface.6.根据权利要求1所述的三级相变换热器，其特征在于：6. three-stage phase changer heat exchanger according to claim 1, is characterized in that:支撑结构(5)用于保证喷嘴和/或喷嘴阵列(6)与换热器主体之间的位置相对固定。The support structure (5) is used to ensure a relatively fixed position between the nozzles and/or the nozzle array (6) and the heat exchanger body.7.根据权利要求1所述的三级相变换热器，其特征在于：7. three-stage phase changer heat exchanger according to claim 1, is characterized in that:喷嘴和/或喷嘴阵列(6)用于喷出雾化冷却液，雾化冷却液接触金属或合金固液相变材料腔体(2)顶部槽道表面并发生相变，从而带走大功率元器件在短时高频工作时所产生的热量，The nozzles and/or nozzle arrays (6) are used to spray the atomized cooling liquid, and the atomized cooling liquid contacts the surface of the channel on the top of the metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) and undergoes a phase change, thereby taking away high power The heat generated by components during short-term high-frequency operation,金属口琴管(1)、金属和/或合金固液相变材料腔体(2)、两个端头(3、4)的材质是从铜、铝及铝合金中选出的一种。The material of the metal harmonica tube (1), the metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2), and the two ends (3, 4) is one selected from copper, aluminum and aluminum alloy.8.根据权利要求1所述的三级相变换热器，其特征在于：8. three-stage phase changer heat exchanger according to claim 1, is characterized in that:金属和/或合金固液相变材料腔体(2)的四周边框的下边沿与金属口琴管(1)的上表面及端头(3、4)焊连在一起，The lower edge of the surrounding frame of the metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) is welded to the upper surface and the ends (3, 4) of the metal harmonica tube (1),金属和/或合金固液相变材料腔体(2)的四周边框的上边沿与一块矩形金属盖板焊接在一起，从而形成一个密封腔。The upper edge of the surrounding frame of the metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) is welded with a rectangular metal cover plate to form a sealed cavity.9.基于根据权利要求1所述的三级相变换热器的三级相变换热方法，其特征在于包括：9. The three-stage phase change heat method based on the three-stage phase changer heat exchanger according to claim 1, is characterized in that comprising:根据本发明的一个实施例的大功率元器件散热系统包括根据本发明的三级相变换热器(1)、大功率元器件(2)、散热器(3)、储液罐(4)、氟泵(5)冷却液供液及回收系统(7)和连接管路。A heat dissipation system for high-power components according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a three-stage phase change heat exchanger (1) according to the present invention, a high-power component (2), a radiator (3), and a liquid storage tank (4) , fluorine pump (5) coolant supply and recovery system (7) and connecting pipeline.使制冷剂在氟泵的驱动下，进入三级相变换热器，吸收大功率元器件(2)放热，由单相变为气液两相，Driven by the fluorine pump, the refrigerant enters the three-stage phase-change heat exchanger, absorbs the heat released by the high-power components (2), and changes from single-phase to gas-liquid two-phase,使变为气液两相的制冷剂进入散热器散热，从而恢复到单相状态，The refrigerant that becomes gas-liquid two-phase enters the radiator to dissipate heat, thereby returning to a single-phase state,使恢复到单相状态的制冷剂进入储液罐，并被氟泵抽走，从而完成一个散热循环，The refrigerant returned to the single-phase state enters the liquid storage tank and is pumped away by the fluorine pump, thereby completing a heat dissipation cycle,当大功率元器件开始短时高频工作时，使大功率元器件产生的热量通过换热器壁面的导热进入金属和/或合金固液相变材料腔体(1-2)中的低熔点相变金属和/或顶部端盖(1-2-1)，同时利用一个冷却液供液系统向喷嘴和/或喷嘴阵列(1-6)注入液态冷却液，使该液态冷却液经喷嘴和/或喷嘴阵列(1-6)喷出并形成雾化冷却液体，并使该雾化冷却液体的液滴与顶部端盖(1-2-1)接触从而被汽化成气态冷却剂以吸收热量，其中，气态冷却剂弥漫在腔体(7-1)，由于散热器(7-2)和腔体(7-1)之间存在压差，使得气态冷却剂沿管路从高压端(7-1)进入低压端(7-2)，并释放热量冷凝回液体状态的液态冷却液，When the high-power components start to work at high frequency for a short time, the heat generated by the high-power components enters the low melting point in the metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (1-2) through the heat conduction of the heat exchanger wall. Phase-change metal and/or top end caps (1-2-1), while injecting liquid cooling liquid into nozzles and/or nozzle arrays (1-6) using a cooling liquid supply system, allowing the liquid cooling liquid to pass through the nozzles and /or nozzle arrays (1-6) eject and form atomized cooling liquid, and droplets of the atomized cooling liquid are brought into contact with the top end cap (1-2-1) to be vaporized into gaseous coolant to absorb heat , wherein the gaseous coolant permeates the cavity (7-1), and due to the pressure difference between the radiator (7-2) and the cavity (7-1), the gaseous coolant flows along the pipeline from the high-pressure end (7-1). -1) Enter the low pressure side (7-2), and release heat to condense back to the liquid coolant in liquid state,使冷凝回液体状态的液态冷却液进入储液罐(7-3)，并最终被泵(7-4)泵进喷嘴和/或喷嘴阵列(1-6)，完成一个循环。The liquid cooling liquid condensed back into the liquid state enters the liquid storage tank (7-3) and is finally pumped by the pump (7-4) into the nozzles and/or nozzle arrays (1-6), completing a cycle.10.根据权利要求9所述的三级相变换热方法，其特征在于进一步包括：10. The three-stage heat transfer method according to claim 9, further comprising:对泵(7-4)的转速进行调节，从而把液态冷却液的工作压力调节到所需要的范围。Adjust the rotational speed of the pump (7-4) to adjust the working pressure of the liquid coolant to the required range.

Images