CN112625891A - Large-scale photobioreactor floating in wide water area - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明涉及一种在宽广水域漂浮的大型光生物反应器，用于在海洋/湖泊等宽广水域中培养微藻，包括漂浮在水面的载物漂浮平台和悬挂在载物漂浮平台下方的微藻培养装置，微藻培养装置浸没在水中；微藻培养装置为顶面开放、四周和底部均为封闭膜的培养箱，微藻细胞被接种和培养在培养箱中；培养箱内设有人工光源和营养供给装置；载物漂浮平台上设有向营养供给装置提供营养的储槽。本发明的光生物反应器，不占用陆地面积、培养容积大、成本低、能耗低、光能利用率高，开拓了水上漂浮光生物反应器研发新方向。

The invention relates to a large-scale photobioreactor floating in wide waters, which is used for cultivating microalgae in wide waters such as oceans/lakes, including a floating platform with objects floating on the water surface and microalgae suspended under the floating platform with objects Cultivation device, the microalgae cultivation device is immersed in water; the microalgae cultivation device is an incubator with an open top surface and closed membranes around and at the bottom, and the microalgae cells are inoculated and cultivated in the incubator; the incubator is provided with an artificial light source and a nutrient supply device; the cargo-carrying floating platform is provided with a storage tank for supplying nutrients to the nutrient supply device. The photobioreactor of the invention does not occupy land area, has large culture volume, low cost, low energy consumption and high utilization rate of light energy, and opens up a new direction for research and development of floating photobioreactor on water.

Description

Large-scale photobioreactor floating in wide water area

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of photobioreactors, in particular to a marine ranching type photobioreactor.

Background

The microalgae can efficiently utilize light energy, carbon dioxide and water to carry out photosynthesis, generate oxygen and synthesize various bioactive substances (such as polysaccharide, protein, grease, unsaturated fatty acid, natural pigment, vitamins, mineral substances and the like), has the advantages of high growth rate, short culture period, sustainable regeneration, no occupation of cultivated land and the like, is considered as an important raw material source of novel biomass energy, can be widely applied to food feed, medicine and health care, cosmetics, aquatic animals, poultry and livestock breeding industry and the like, and has very wide application prospect.

The photobioreactor serves as the core of the whole microalgae industry chain. At present, the large-scale culture of microalgae for commercial application is mostly carried out in indoor and outdoor open culture systems and closed photobioreactors. The open pond has the advantages of being more economical and easier to establish and operate, so that the open pond becomes the most common culture system applied to the large-scale culture of the microalgae. However, the open culture system is greatly influenced by the environment and is easy to be polluted, the culture condition is uncontrollable, the water evaporation capacity is large, and the effective illumination utilization rate is low. In contrast, the closed photobioreactor has highly controllable various culture parameters, so that microalgae culture is not easy to pollute, the light energy utilization efficiency is high, the biomass concentration is high, but the cost of the body is high, and the operation and maintenance cost is high. At present, microalgae photobioreactor are all land type, and no large-scale industrialized microalgae culture photobioreactor suitable for marine environment is developed. For terrestrial photobioreactors, there are mainly some technical problems: the open raceway pond occupies a large area, has low culture density and high culture solution circulating energy consumption, and is easy to be polluted by the outside. Secondly, the manufacturing cost of the closed light-transmitting container is high, and especially the glass container is limited by the particularity and the limitation of the glass processing technology, cannot be formed at one time, and has very high manufacturing cost, installation cost and maintenance cost; and the problems of low cell culture density, insufficient space utilization and high energy consumption also exist. The solid culture photobioreactor has great dependence on materials and low light utilization efficiency; the applicability is limited, and the liquid supply device is also an energy consumption device, so that the culture cost cannot be further reduced. At present, the mainstream microalgae culture systems mainly operate on land, occupy a large amount of land area, and increase the culture cost of microalgae due to depreciation of equipment and energy consumption, thereby seriously restricting the high-speed development of microalgae industrialization.

Although China has a wide sea area and abundant ocean resources, the cultivation of biomass energy and aquatic organisms is expanding to the ocean due to the limitation of land and coast cultivation areas. Therefore, the research and development of a novel ocean photobioreactor with low cost, high benefit and multiple purposes has important practical significance and huge application prospect.

At present, a microalgae culture device applied to an outdoor open water area mainly comprises a culture raft frame floating on water, a water surrounding type microalgae culture device and an LED submerged lamp culture device for a semi-submersible net cage. In addition, the transparent film bags floating on water are easy to break under the pulling and impacting of wind waves. The devices have simple and crude structure, small culture volume, insufficient or invisible light at the bottom of water, low light energy utilization rate, easy damage to fish schools and easy predation of cultured microalgae by zooplankton and some fishes; and management and maintenance are difficult. Until now, there is still a lack of photobioreactors that can be stably applied for the large-scale cultivation of microalgae on open water surfaces, especially on the ocean.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

In view of the above disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a large photobioreactor floating in a wide water area, which combines the advantages of various reactors and the characteristics of microalgae growth, and solves the problems of wide land photobioreactor occupation, high cost, high energy consumption, difficult temperature control, low light energy utilization rate, slow cell proliferation rate, low biomass concentration, easy pollution, etc., and opens up a new direction for marine photobioreactor development.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:

the invention provides a large-scale photobioreactor floating in a wide water area, which is used for culturing microalgae in lakes/reservoirs (particularly large-scale reservoirs), and comprises a carrying floating platform floating on the water surface and a microalgae culturing device suspended below the carrying floating platform, wherein the microalgae culturing device is immersed in the water;

the microalgae culture device is an incubator with an open top surface and closed membranes at the periphery and the bottom, and microalgae cells are inoculated and cultured in the incubator; an artificial light source and a nutrition supply device are arranged in the incubator; the loading floating platform is provided with a storage tank for providing nutrition for the nutrition supply device.

The nutrient supply device can provide nutrient solution containing carbonate or bicarbonate and the like to provide carbon source for algae cells, and in this case, a special carbon dioxide gas supply device is not needed to be arranged, and the nutrient supply device can be used for supplying the carbon source to the culture box.

Wherein, the periphery and the bottom of the incubator are closed membranes, so that the loss of nutrient-rich substances into a water body to cause serious water bloom or pollution is avoided.

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the carrying floating platform is provided with a power supply device, the power supply device is connected with a public power grid, the power supply device provides electric energy for the artificial light source and the nutrition supply device, the power supply device comprises a voltage transformation circuit, a rectification circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit and the like, and the power supply device can directly utilize a mains power grid to supply power; or further preferably, the cargo floating platform is provided with an electric energy storage device and one or more power generation devices selected from a wind power generation device, a solar power generation device and a wave power generation device; the electric energy generated by the power generation devices is transmitted to the electric energy storage device for storage, and the electric energy storage device provides electric energy for the artificial light source and the nutrition supply device. The object-carrying floating platform floats on the ocean, the lake and the reservoir with wide water surface, and does not have shielding objects, and can receive sunlight and wind energy for a long time, so that the photovoltaic power generation and the wind power generation are preferably adopted to jointly generate clean electric energy, and the electric energy for normal operation is provided for the microalgae culture device under the object-carrying floating platform.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a carbon dioxide gas supply device is further disposed in the incubator, and the power supply device or the electric energy storage device supplies electric energy to the carbon dioxide gas supply device. The carbon dioxide gas supply device provides carbon dioxide gas as a carbon source required by photosynthesis of the microalgae for the culture box, and meanwhile, bubbles can be used for floating up to stir the algae liquid.

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the artificial light source, the nutrition supply device and the carbon dioxide supply device are connected below the carrying floating platform in a hanging manner, so that the pressure on the bottom of the incubator is reduced, and the structural damage of the incubator is avoided.

According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the carbon dioxide supply device comprises a carbon dioxide distributor located at the bottom of the incubator; the carbon dioxide distributor is provided with a plurality of air holes and is connected to an air source above the carrying floating platform through an air transmission pipeline, and the exhaust mechanism is an exhaust fan which is used for rapidly leading out oxygen and redundant air generated by photosynthesis. The gas source is CO₂Gas or air pumps or CO₂A combination of a gas tank and an air pump.

Wherein the gas transmission pipeline is arranged in the vertical direction, and the carbon dioxide distributor is transversely arranged along the bottom of the incubator; wherein the gas transmission pipeline is a telescopic pipeline, so that the depth of the carbon dioxide distributor below the sea surface is adjusted.

In some embodiments, the air/CO₂Fully pre-mixing in a certain proportion, introducing from the top of the incubator, flowing downwards along the gas transmission pipeline, and distributing through a carbon dioxide distributor at the bottom of the incubator, thereby providing CO required by growth for algae cells₂And the full stirring of the algae liquid and the uniform distribution of algae cells are realized together with the sea waves.

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the nutrition supply device comprises a liquid pump, a nutrition delivery pipe and an opening or a spray head arranged on the nutrition delivery pipe; the number of the nutrition conveying pipes is multiple, and the nutrition conveying pipes are dispersedly arranged at the middle position in the incubator. The opening can directly release nutrient solution into the incubator, but the pressure of water is higher below the deeper water surface, at the moment, a spray head can be arranged on the nutrient delivery pipe, and the nutrient solution is sprayed into the incubator at higher pressure by the spray head, so that the diffusion and distribution of nutrient substances are facilitated.

More preferably, the spray head is a rotary spray head (more preferably a 360 ° rotary spray head) or a fixed spray head to disperse the nutrients released from the nutrient supplying device, and the length of the nutrient delivery pipe immersed in the seawater is adjustable. The nutrient substances are mainly N-containing nutrient salts or inorganic nutrient salts, and when a carbon dioxide gas supply device is not arranged, the nutrient substances also comprise carbonate or bicarbonate and the like.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nutrient supply apparatus further comprises a plurality of nutrient concentration detectors dispersed at different positions and depths within the incubator; and a controller is arranged on the carrying floating platform, and the controller starts or closes a liquid pump of the nutrition supply device according to the concentration of the nutrient substances detected by the nutrient substance concentration detector so as to start or close the release of the nutrient substances.

The nutrient concentration detector is used for detecting the concentration of one or more specific components in the nutrient solution released by the nutrient supply device, when the nutrient concentration at a certain position is detected to be too low, the nutrient supply device needs to be started to release nutrient, otherwise, the nutrient supply device is closed. In this embodiment, the nutrient concentration detector may detect whether the nutrient in the incubator is consumed or not to determine the time for introducing the harvested microalgae into the external water body to feed the fishes (shellfishes, shrimps, or other zooplankton).

According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the artificial light source comprises a light emitting assembly and a waterproof light-transmitting sleeve, wherein the waterproof light-transmitting sleeve is sleeved outside the light emitting assembly. The artificial light source comprises a plurality of light emitting components. The seawater can carry out heat dissipation and cooling on the light-emitting component; the light emitting assembly is connected to an electrical energy storage device.

Preferably, the light intensity, wavelength and illumination period generated by the artificial light source can be adjusted, so that the light energy utilization rate is improved to a greater extent. The intelligent light source regulator is arranged on the object carrying floating platform, the light intensity sensors are arranged at different depths in the incubator, and the luminous intensity, the light quality, the wavelength, the luminous duration and the light dark period of the luminous component of the artificial light source can be automatically regulated by means of the light intensity sensors and the intelligent light source regulator.

The light-emitting component is a fluorescent lamp tube and an LED lamp strip; the waterproof light-transmitting sleeve is one or more of PC (polystyrene), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), AS (acrylic) or PSU (polycarbonate) and the like, and has good waterproofness and corrosion resistance.

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the whole body of the light-emitting component and the waterproof light-transmitting sleeve can be lifted relative to the carrying floating platform so as to adjust the depth of the artificial light source below the sea surface according to the volume of the incubator and the intensity of sunlight. When the intensity of the sunlight is weakened, the artificial light source can be properly extended to a deeper position in the incubator.

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, a sonar device is arranged below the carrying floating platform and used for driving fish schools and preventing the fish schools from damaging the structure of the microalgae culture device.

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of ropes are hinged below the carrying floating platform, and balancing weights are hung and connected below the ropes, wherein the ropes and the balancing weights form a skeleton structure of the incubator so as to maintain the volume and the shape of the incubator. The balancing weight is a concrete block, an iron block or a copper block with an anticorrosive coating plated on the surface. Or a plurality of vertical supports made of rigid materials are hinged below the carrying floating platform, and transverse supports are connected between the vertical supports to form a skeleton structure of the incubator so as to maintain the volume and the shape of the incubator.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the length of the cord is adjustable and the closing membrane is a flexible membrane without holes. Borrow this, the accessible the volumetric size of the length adjustment incubator of rope realizes the regulation of incubator volume, and rope length extension can enlarge little algae effective culture volume, and the rope rolling can be used to reduce the volume of incubator in order to realize the quick results of little algae living beings. The material of the sealing film can be one or more of PC (polystyrene), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), AS (acrylic) or PSU (polycarbonate).

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, a protective cage is arranged outside the culture box, so that fish schools or large aquatic animals are prevented from damaging the structure of the microalgae culture device. The protection cage and the sonar device jointly play a role in protecting the incubator. Because the closing membrane of incubator is made for flexible material, and intensity is lower, therefore sets up rigidity protection cage and helps preventing the incubator damage in its outside.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the culture box of the photobioreactor has a hexahedral shape, and the volume of the culture box is 1-100m long, 1-100m wide, and 1-100m high, or the equivalent volume of the culture box is a cylinder corresponding to the hexahedral shape, an ellipsoid shape, or the like regular geometric shape, or the equivalent volume of the culture box is an irregular geometric shape corresponding to the hexahedral shape.

The water temperature below the water surface does not vary much, and therefore in order to take account of the underwater temperature variation and the scale of the culture and the economic benefits, the culture box preferably has an equivalent volume of 5 to 50m, 10 to 30m, and height.

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the cargo floating platform is provided with a pump; when the microalgae in the incubator have grown mature and the nutrients in the incubator have been consumed (as detected by a plurality of nutrient concentration detectors distributed in the incubator), the pump is activated to pump the algae liquid in the incubator into the external water body to feed the fishes, shellfishes, shrimps or zooplankton; or the carrying floating platform is provided with equipment for centrifuging/filtering the concentrated algae liquid, and the concentrated algae liquid is pumped into the external water body to feed fishes, shellfishes, shrimps or zooplankton.

The components of the whole photobioreactor in the scheme have the characteristics of water resistance, acid and alkali resistance, high pressure resistance and corrosion resistance. The photobioreactor disclosed by the invention is preferably used in lakes or large reservoirs, and has the advantages of convenience in taking rich water resources, no land occupation, good heat preservation (constant temperature in a microalgae growth cycle), available solar energy and wind energy resources and the like.

(III) advantageous effects

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention develops a novel photosynthetic bioreactor which has low manufacturing cost, zero energy consumption, high light utilization efficiency, high cell proliferation speed, high biomass concentration and difficult pollution, is suitable for large-scale industrialized microalgae culture in large-scale water bodies such as oceans or lakes and the like. Specifically, the technical effects of the invention are also shown in the following aspects:

(1) the invention can reduce the cost of culturing microalgae as a whole and bring good economic and environmental benefits; the novel reactor not only overcomes the design defects commonly existing in the prior land photobioreactor, does not occupy land (does not compete with agriculture), but also can widen the new field of future development of the photobioreactor. Compared with the traditional photobioreactor floating on water, the photobioreactor provided by the invention has the advantages that the specific surface area is extremely small, the culture volume is large, the specific surface area is small, the consumption of high-cost materials is low, the manufacturing cost is relatively low, the volume of the incubator extends underwater (the volume of the incubator can be fixed or can be adjusted according to a rope), the underwater stormy waves are small, and the actual operation possibility is realized.

(2) In some embodiments, the photobioreactor comprises a cargo floating platform floating on the water surface and a microalgae culture device submerged in the water, and a plurality of solar/wind energy power generation devices/wave power generation devices are mounted on the cargo floating platform. Therefore, renewable natural energy sources such as solar energy/wind energy, wave energy and the like can be used for providing electric energy for the microalgae culture device, so that zero energy consumption is realized; the natural lake water can provide stable temperature for the culture system, can cool and absorb the heat of the artificial light source light-emitting component, and can keep the proper growth temperature of the microalgae in the microalgae culture device after the water absorbs the heat; the lake waves can also be used for stirring the algae liquid, so that the algae cells are uniformly distributed. After the microalgae are cultured to a certain degree, part of the microalgae can be pumped into the lake by a pump to be used as fresh bait for feeding fishes. The microalgae culture device can perform water body exchange between the algae liquid and the lake water body in real time, and has no problems of waste water collection and treatment and the like.

(3) The incubator has small specific surface area and low unit volume cost; the volume (height) of the culture box can be flexibly increased or reduced in the vertical direction (from kiloton to megaton) by adjusting the length of the rope, so that the culture scale can be enlarged according to the requirement, and microalgae cells can be conveniently harvested. The rope and the balancing weight connected with the lower end of the rope play a role in stretching and reinforcing the skeleton of the incubator, wherein the balancing weight can be an iron block, a copper block or a stone block or a concrete block plated with an anticorrosive coating. The volume of the incubator can be adjusted by the length of the rope, so that the culture volume and the harvest of algae cells are easy to expand. The photobioreactor used in lakes has an exhaust mechanism on the top surface and a closed membrane on the bottom or around to prevent the eutrophic substances from entering the lakes or reservoirs to cause water bloom.

(4) The light source of the microalgae culture device adopts sunlight and an artificial light source immersed in the water body, or the sunlight and the artificial light source are combined, so that the flexible (automatic) adjustment of light intensity, wavelength, light quality, irradiation time and light dark period can be realized, and the light energy utilization rate is improved to a greater extent. The artificial light source consists of a light-emitting component and a waterproof light-transmitting sleeve, and can be cooled by absorbing heat through seawater. The artificial light source can be a fluorescent tube, an LED lamp strip or a luminescent material; the waterproof light-transmitting sleeve can be made of waterproof, anti-corrosion and high-light-transmitting materials such AS PC (polystyrene), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), AS (acrylic) or PSU (polycarbonate). The light emitting time, the light dark period, the light intensity and other light emitting parameters of the artificial light source can be automatically adjusted and controlled by a controller on the object floating platform and a light intensity sensor in the underwater incubator, the light quality of the artificial light source can be set and controlled by programming, and the programming setting is to adjust the light quality according to the number of days for culturing the microalgae.

(5) The carbon dioxide gas supply device is distributed through the carbon dioxide distributor positioned at the bottom of the culture box, on one hand, a carbon source required by growth photosynthesis is provided for the algae cells, on the other hand, the carbon dioxide gas supply device is combined with the stirring of waves, and the sufficient stirring of the culture algae liquid and the uniform distribution of the algae cells are realized. Wherein the gas supplied can be pure carbon dioxide or air mixed with carbon dioxide in a certain proportion; the gas distributor may be of various shapes, such as a perforated disc, a serpentine S-shaped duct with gas holes, side-by-side perforated ducts, and the like.

(6) The nutrition supply device is arranged in the reactor and comprises a liquid pump, a nutrition conveying pipe and a spray head arranged on the nutrition conveying pipe. The nutrient conveying pipe is preferably positioned at the middle position of the incubator, so that the nutrient substances have the maximum release path, the nutrient substances are distributed more uniformly in the incubator, the nutrient solution can be just basically consumed by the microalgae when reaching the edge position of the incubator, nutrient salt and the like are sprayed out through a rotary spray head (preferably a 360-degree rotary spray head, or a fixed spray head), and the maximum utilization of the nutrient salt is realized by adjusting the pressure. The controller on the object carrying floating platform regulates the pressure of the nutrition releasing device and the concentration of the nutritive salt in the algae liquid of the regulating and controlling incubator in a programmed way according to the requirements of different growth stages of microalgae cells, thereby realizing the maximum utilization of the nutritive salt.

In addition, nutrition feeding device still includes a plurality of nutrient substance concentration detector, is equipped with the controller on the thing showy platform of carrying, and the controller starts or closes nutrition feeding device's liquid pump according to the detection condition of nutrient substance concentration to start or close nutrient substance's release, thereby energy saving and nutrient substance, avoid extravagant.

(7) The components of the whole photobioreactor have the characteristics of water resistance, acid and alkali resistance, high pressure resistance and corrosion resistance; the depth of the artificial light source immersed below the water surface is adjustable, the length of the gas transmission pipeline is adjustable, the length of the nutrition conveying pipe is adjustable, the volume of the incubator (culture box) is adjustable, and the culture scale of the microalgae can be adjusted according to requirements, natural environment, climate and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photobioreactor for culturing microalgae in a lake according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

The invention provides a large-scale photobioreactor floating in a wide water area, which is used for culturing microalgae in a lake/water surface wide reservoir. The microalgae culture device is suspended below the object carrying floating platform to provide a space for microalgae inoculation and culture, and the object carrying floating platform is mainly provided with a wind power generation device/a solar power generation device/a sea wave power generation device and an energy storage device, a control box, a carbon dioxide gas tank, an air pump, a liquid pump, a driving circuit board of an artificial light source, an artificial light source controller, a walking roadbed of a worker, a nutrient solution storage tank, a worker dormitory, an office/monitoring room, a laboratory and other facilities. The microalgae culture device mainly comprises an incubator, an artificial light source, a carbon dioxide gas supply device, a nutrition supply device, a sonar device, a rigid protection cage (or a flexible protection cage made of tough materials) and the like, wherein the artificial light source, the carbon dioxide gas supply device and the nutrition supply device are positioned in the incubator. The electric energy storage device on the cargo floating platform provides electric energy required by operation for the artificial light source, the carbon dioxide gas supply device and the nutrition supply device.

In order to better understand the above technical solution, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to fig. 1.

As shown in FIG. 1, the structure of the photobioreactor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated. The upper part is acargo floating platform 10 which floats on the water surface. Amicroalgae culture device 20 is fixedly arranged below the carrying floatingplatform 10 and comprises aculture box 21, an artificial light source 22, a carbon dioxidegas supply device 23, anutrition supply device 24, asonar device 25, arigid protection cage 26 and the like.

Thecarrier floating platform 10 is provided with a wind energy/solar energy/wave power generation device 11, an energy storage device and the like, and the power generation device and the energy storage device provide all energy for the operation of themicroalgae cultivation device 20. In addition, themicroalgae cultivation apparatus 20 may also be powered by a public power grid. The loads of the power generation equipment and the electric energy storage device of thecargo floating platform 10 should be distributed as evenly as possible to avoid thecargo floating platform 10 from tilting.

Theincubator 21 of themicroalgae cultivation apparatus 20 includes askeleton 210, aflexible sealing membrane 213, and the like. The periphery and the bottom of theincubator 21 are flexibleclosed membranes 213, and the top is an opening 214 (a steel frame structure or a steel frame beam is arranged above theobject floating platform 10 corresponding to theopening 214, so that facilities such as the artificial light source 22, the carbon dioxidegas supply device 23, and thenutrition supply device 24 are suspended below the steel frame structure or the steel frame beam and correspondingly extend into theincubator 21 from the opening 214), and can be directly irradiated by sunlight. Theculture box 21 formed by theflexible sealing film 213 provides necessary growth and propagation space for microalgae cells and can prevent nutrient substances from entering external water body to cause pollution. Theframework 210 of theincubator 21 comprises arope 211 hinged under thecargo floating platform 10 and aweight 212 connected to the lower end of therope 211. The number ofcords 211 may be 4, 6, 8, … … 20, etc., and the specific number is not limited. The bottom and the four peripheral surfaces of theframework 210 are fixed withflexible sealing films 213, so that theincubator 21 is enclosed into a cuboid, a hexagonal column, an octagonal column, a cylinder, an elliptic cylinder and the like. Theflexible sealing film 213 is bound on therope 211, specifically, the lower edge of theflexible sealing film 213 is fixed at the lower end of therope 211, the upper edge of theflexible sealing film 213 is fixed at the upper end of therope 211, and the middle part is bound, so that theflexible sealing film 213 is stretched as much as possible. Theflexible sealing film 213 is made of a flexible material, such AS one or more of PC (polystyrene), PMMA (organic glass), AS (acrylic) or PSU (polycarbonate). Therope 211 is a windable steel rope or nylon rope, etc., and its length immersed in seawater is adjustable. Theweight 212 may be a concrete block, an iron block coated with an anti-corrosion coating, or a copper block. Theframework 210 can maintain the volume and shape of theincubator 21, and at the same time, since theflexible closing film 213 is a flexible closing film and therope 211 is a windable rope (theretractor 211A is arranged on the object floating platform 10), the effective volume and cultivation scale of theincubator 21 can be enlarged by extending therope 211, or the windingrope 211 can contract the volume of theincubator 21 to rapidly harvest microalgae cells.

The harvesting method of the microalgae comprises the steps of centrifuging, filtering, flocculating settling and the like of the algae liquid, and can be used for setting facilities such as a centrifuge, a filter or a flocculating tank for primary harvesting on a carrying floating platform, carrying out primary concentration treatment on the harvested algae liquid and then transporting the concentrated algae liquid to a processing plant for further processing.

Wherein, theincubator 21 is a cuboid, the volume thereof is 1-100m long, 1-100m wide and 1-100m high, and when the incubator is other shapes, the incubator can be a regular geometric shape with equivalent volume equivalent to the cuboid, an ellipsoid shape and the like, or an irregular geometric shape with equivalent volume equivalent to the hexahedron shape.

The artificial light source 22 comprises alight emitting assembly 220 and a waterproof light-transmittingsleeve 221. A waterproof light-transmittingsleeve 221 is fitted over the outside of thelight emitting assembly 220. The artificial light source 22 comprises a plurality of light emitting components which are dispersedly arranged in theincubator 21 at intervals, and the artificial light source 22 is mainly arranged below 2 m of seawater to supplement the deficiency of the natural light intensity below the seawater. The seawater can carry out heat dissipation and cooling on the light-emitting component; thelight assembly 220 is connected to an electrical energy storage device on thecargo floatation platform 10. Wherein, the light intensity, wavelength, light quality and light dark cycle that artificial light source produced all can be adjusted, has improved the luminous energy utilization ratio to the at utmost. The intelligent light source regulator is arranged on the object carrying floatingplatform 10, the light intensity sensors are arranged in theincubator 21 at different depths, and the light emitting intensity, the wavelength and the light emitting duration of thelight emitting component 220 of the artificial light source can be automatically regulated by means of the light intensity sensors and the intelligent light source regulator. Thelight emitting component 220 is one or a combination of several of a fluorescent tube, an LED strip, and the like, and the waterproof light-transmittingsleeve 221 is one or several of PC (polystyrene), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), AS (acrylic), PSU (polycarbonate), and the like. Thelight emitting component 220 and the waterproof light-transmittingsleeve 221 form a light pole structure, and the whole light pole can be lifted and lowered up and down relative to theobject floating platform 10 to adjust the depth of the artificial light source below the sea surface according to the volume of theincubator 21 and the intensity of sunlight. When the intensity of sunlight becomes weak, the artificial light source 22 can be extended to a position deeper in the incubator.

In some embodiments, thelight assembly 220 may be provided as a flexible and rollable light strip, while the waterproof light-transmittingsleeve 221 is a flexible, rollable material. In this way, the light emitting length and the depth below the sea surface of thelight emitting assembly 220 in theincubator 21 can be adjusted according to the volume of theincubator 21 and the intensity of sunlight. In a cloudy weather, more glow may be released into theincubator 21 to increase the light intensity.

The carbon dioxide supply means 23 includes acarbon dioxide distributor 230, which is located at the bottom of theincubator 21. Thecarbon dioxide distributor 230 is provided with a plurality of air holes, thecarbon dioxide distributor 230 is connected with agas transmission pipeline 231, and thegas transmission pipeline 231 is connected with a gas source above the carrying floatingplatform 10. Gas sourceIs CO₂Gas or air pumps or CO₂A combination of a gas tank and an air pump. Thegas distributor 230 may be a variety of shapes, and may be a perforated disk, a serpentine S-shaped conduit with perforations, side-by-side perforated conduits, or the like. Thegas pipe 231 is arranged in theincubator 21 in the vertical direction, and thecarbon dioxide distributor 230 is disposed near the bottom of theincubator 21 in the horizontal direction. Preferably, thegas pipeline 231 is a telescopic pipeline, so as to adjust the depth of thecarbon dioxide distributor 230 below the sea surface. In some embodiments, the air/CO₂Fully premixed according to a certain proportion, then introduced from the top of theincubator 21, flows downwards along thegas transmission pipeline 231, and is distributed out through thecarbon dioxide distributor 230 at the bottom of theincubator 21, thereby providing CO required by growth for algae cells₂And the full stirring of the algae liquid and the uniform distribution of algae cells are realized together with the sea waves.

Thenutrition supply device 24 includes a liquid pump (not shown), anutrition delivery pipe 240, and aspray head 241 disposed on thenutrition delivery pipe 240. Thenutrient delivery tube 240 is preferably vertically disposed near the center of theincubator 21. Preferably, thenutrient transport pipe 240 is located on the central axis of thecultivation box 21, thenutrient transport pipe 240 is provided with a plurality of branch pipes in the radial direction, and thespray head 241 is provided on the branch pipes, thespray head 241 is a 360 ° rotary spray head, thespray head 241 disperses the nutrient substances released from the nutrient supply device with a certain pressure, the length of thenutrient transport pipe 240 submerged in the seawater is adjustable, so as to adjust the release depth of the nutrient substances. The nutrient substances mainly comprise N-containing nutrient salts or inorganic nutrient salts and the like. Thenutrient delivery tube 240 is disposed near the center of theincubator 21, so that the nutrient components can be released in the maximum path, and the nutrient substances in theincubator 21 can be made uniform as much as possible.

Preferably,nutrient supply 24 also includes a plurality of nutrient concentration detectors 242 dispersed at various locations and depths withinincubator 21. Thecargo floatation platform 10 is provided with a controller that activates or deactivates the liquid pump of thenutrient supply 24 to activate or deactivate the release of nutrients based on the nutrient concentration detected by the nutrient concentration detector 242. Therefore, in some embodiments, thenutrient supply device 24 is operated intermittently, and whether to start releasing the nutrient is determined by the detection result of the nutrient concentration detector 242, thereby avoiding the waste of the nutrient. The nutrient concentration detector 242 detects the concentration of one or more specific components in the nutrient solution released by the nutrient supply device, and when the nutrient concentration at a certain position is detected to be too low, the nutrient supply device needs to be started to release the nutrient, otherwise, the nutrient supply device is closed.

Sonar device 25 can be located the bottom ofincubator 21, also can locate inincubator 21 for send the sound wave, drive the shoal of fish, avoid the shoal of fish to destroy little algae culture apparatus's structure.

The rigidprotective cage 26 is provided outside theincubator 21, and prevents fish schools or large aquatic animals (especially whales, sharks, large zooplankton, etc. in the sea) from colliding with or being entangled with the long algae to damage the structure of theincubator 21. The rigidprotective cage 26 may be made of stainless steel by welding, and is fixed under thecargo floating platform 10, and the joint is hinged to resist a certain impact force.Rigid guard cage 26 andsonar device 25 combine to protectincubator 21.

Further, a pump assembly may be provided on thecargo floatation platform 10. When the microalgae in theincubator 21 have grown mature and the nutrients in the incubator have been consumed (the concentrations of the nutrients detected by the nutrient concentration detector 242), the pump is started to pump the algae liquid in the incubator into the external water body to feed the fishes, shellfishes, shrimps or other zooplankton; or the carrying floating platform is provided with equipment for centrifuging/filtering the concentrated algae liquid, and the concentrated algae liquid is pumped into the external water body to feed fishes, shellfishes, shrimps or other zooplankton.

(1) Theincubator 21 for culturing the microalgae is suspended in water and does not occupy land resources; the specific surface area of theincubator 21 is very small, and the unit volume cost is low; the length of therope 211 can be adjusted by theincubator 21, so that the culture volume of the algae (from kiloton to million ton) can be flexibly increased or decreased in the vertical direction, the culture scale can be enlarged according to the requirement, and the microalgae cells can be conveniently harvested; the periphery and the bottom of the incubator are sealed, so that pollution to external water bodies can be prevented.

(2) The photobioreactor disclosed by the invention is particularly suitable for being used on a wide lake surface or a reservoir (still water), has no shelters, is strong in wind and sufficient in sunlight, can generate electric energy by using solar energy/wind energy, wave energy and the like, and can also utilize convenient water quality resources. The solar energy/wind energy/sea wave power generation device 11 arranged on the water surface object-carrying floating platform can provide electric energy for the microalgae culture device, so that zero energy consumption is realized; the lake water can provide stable temperature for the culture system, can cool and absorb the heat of the artificial light source light-emitting component, and can keep the proper growth temperature of the microalgae in the microalgae culture device after the water absorbs the heat; in addition, the algae liquid is stirred by wave fluctuation, so that algae cells, nutrient substances and the like can be uniformly distributed.

(3) The light source of the microalgae culture device adopts sunlight, the artificial light source 22 is arranged in the device, or the sunlight and the artificial light source are combined, so that the regulation of light intensity, wavelength, light quality and illumination period can be realized, the utilization rate of light energy is greatly improved, the illumination can be continuously provided for the growth and proliferation of algae cells within 24 hours, the yield of the algae cells can be efficiently improved, and the production period can be shortened. Theincubator 21 is internally provided with an intelligent light source regulator, so that the luminous parameters of the artificial light source can be automatically regulated according to the intensity of sunlight irradiation, and the energy consumption is saved. The floatingplatform 10 is provided with a controller which can adjust the luminous intensity, wavelength, light quality, illumination period and the like of the artificial light source in a programmed way according to the growth temperature and days of the microalgae.

(4) The carbon dioxidegas supply device 23 not only provides carbon dioxide required by the photosynthesis of the microalgae for the algae cells, but also is coupled with the ocean current to realize the sufficient stirring of the algae liquid and the uniform distribution of the algae cells.

(5) According to the requirements of the microalgae cells in different growth stages, the concentration of nutrient salts in the culture solution can be regulated and controlled by adjusting the pressure of thenutrient supply device 24, so that the maximum utilization of the nutrient salts is realized. The nutrient conveying pipe is provided with an opening at a shallow position below the water surface, and the conveying pressure of the nutrient solution is required to be improved by the spray head at a deep position.

(6) When the cultured algae cells are harvested, the algae liquid is concentrated by adjusting the volume of the photobioreactor, the rapid and efficient separation and collection of the algae cells can be realized by combining an ultrafiltration technology and a centrifugal separation device, the devices such as centrifugation or filtration concentration and the like are arranged on theobject floating platform 10, and the algae liquid is primarily concentrated and then is transported to a processing plant for further processing, or is released to a reservoir or a lake to be used as bait for feeding fishes, shellfishes, shrimps or other zooplankton.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种在宽广水域漂浮的大型光生物反应器，用于在海洋/湖泊/水库中培养微藻，其特征在于，其包括漂浮在水面的载物漂浮平台和悬挂在该载物漂浮平台下方的微藻培养装置，所述微藻培养装置浸没在水中；1. a large-scale photobioreactor floating in wide waters for culturing microalgae in oceans/lakes/reservoirs, it is characterized in that it comprises a floating platform for loading objects floating on the water surface and a floating platform for loading objects suspended on the surface of the water The microalgae cultivation device below, the microalgae cultivation device is immersed in water;微藻培养装置为顶面开放、四周和底部均为封闭膜的培养箱，微藻细胞被接种和培养在培养箱中；培养箱内设有人工光源和营养供给装置；载物漂浮平台上设有向营养供给装置提供营养的储槽。The microalgae cultivation device is an incubator with an open top surface and closed membranes around and at the bottom. Microalgae cells are inoculated and cultivated in the incubator; the incubator is provided with artificial light sources and nutrient supply devices; There is a storage tank for supplying nutrients to the nutrient supply device.2.根据权利要求1所述的光生物反应器，其特征在于，所述载物漂浮平台上设有供电装置，该供电装置连接公共电网，所述供电装置向人工光源和营养供给装置提供电能；或者所述载物漂浮平台上设有电能储存装置，和风能发电装置、太阳能发电装置、波浪发电装置中的一种或几种发电装置；所述电能储存装置向人工光源和营养供给装置提供电能；所述人工光源、营养供给装置悬挂连接在所述载物漂浮平台下方。2 . The photobioreactor according to claim 1 , wherein a power supply device is provided on the cargo floating platform, the power supply device is connected to a public grid, and the power supply device provides electrical energy to the artificial light source and the nutrient supply device. 3 . ; Or an electric energy storage device, and one or more power generation devices among wind power generation devices, solar power generation devices, and wave power generation devices are arranged on the cargo floating platform; the electric energy storage device provides artificial light sources and nutrient supply devices. Electric energy; the artificial light source and the nutrient supply device are suspended and connected under the cargo-carrying floating platform.3.根据权利要求2所述的光生物反应器，其特征在于，所述培养箱内还设有二氧化碳供气装置，所述供电装置或所述电能储存装置向二氧化碳供气装提供电能；二氧化碳供气装置悬挂连接在所述载物漂浮平台下方；所述二氧化碳供气装置包括二氧化碳分布器，其位于所述培养箱底部；所述二氧化碳分布器上设有若干气孔，所述二氧化碳分布器通过输气管道连接至载物漂浮平台上方的气源；所述输气管道在竖直方向上布置，所述二氧化碳分布器沿着所述培养箱底部横向设置；其中所述输气管道为可伸缩管道，从而调节二氧化碳分布器在水面以下的深度。3. The photobioreactor according to claim 2, wherein the incubator is further provided with a carbon dioxide gas supply device, and the power supply device or the electrical energy storage device provides electrical energy to the carbon dioxide gas supply device; carbon dioxide gas The air supply device is suspended and connected under the load floating platform; the carbon dioxide air supply device includes a carbon dioxide distributor, which is located at the bottom of the incubator; the carbon dioxide distributor is provided with a number of air holes, and the carbon dioxide distributor passes through The gas pipeline is connected to the air source above the cargo floating platform; the gas pipeline is arranged in a vertical direction, and the carbon dioxide distributor is arranged laterally along the bottom of the incubator; wherein the gas pipeline is retractable pipes to adjust the depth of the carbon dioxide sparger below the water surface.4.根据权利要求1所述的光生物反应器，其特征在于，所述营养供给装置包括液体泵、营养输送管和设于该营养输送管上的开孔/喷头；所述营养输送管的数量为多根，分散地设在所述培养箱中靠中间的位置；所述喷头为旋转喷头/固定喷头，以分散营养供给装置所释放的营养物质；该营养输送管浸没在海水中的长度为可调。4 . The photobioreactor according to claim 1 , wherein the nutrient supply device comprises a liquid pump, a nutrient delivery pipe, and an opening/spray head provided on the nutrient delivery pipe; The number is multiple, and they are scattered in the middle of the incubator; the nozzles are rotary nozzles/fixed nozzles to disperse the nutrients released by the nutrient supply device; the length of the nutrient delivery pipe immersed in seawater is adjustable.5.根据权利要求4所述的光生物反应器，其特征在于，所述营养供给装置还包括多个营养物质浓度检测器，分散地设在所述培养箱内的不同位置和深度；所述载物漂浮平台上设有控制器，所述控制器根据所述营养物质浓度检测器检测的营养物质浓度，启动或关闭所述营养供给装置的液体泵，以启动或关闭营养物质的释放。5 . The photobioreactor according to claim 4 , wherein the nutrient supply device further comprises a plurality of nutrient concentration detectors, which are dispersedly arranged at different positions and depths in the incubator; A controller is provided on the cargo floating platform, and the controller activates or deactivates the liquid pump of the nutrient supply device according to the nutrient concentration detected by the nutrient concentration detector, so as to activate or deactivate the release of the nutrient.6.根据权利要求2所述的光生物反应器，其特征在于，所述人工光源包括发光组件和防水透光套管，所述防水透光套管套在该发光组件外部，所述人工光源包括若干根发光组件；所述发光组件连接至电能储存装置；所述人工光源产生的光强、波长、以及光照周期均为可调；在载物漂浮平台上设有智能光源调节器、在培养箱中不同深度设有光强感应器，借助光强感应器和智能光源调节器，可以自动调节人工光源的发光组件的发光强度、波长、光质、发光时长和光暗周期。6. The photobioreactor according to claim 2, wherein the artificial light source comprises a light-emitting component and a waterproof light-transmitting sleeve, the waterproof light-transmitting sleeve is sleeved outside the light-emitting component, and the artificial light source It includes several light-emitting components; the light-emitting components are connected to the electrical energy storage device; the light intensity, wavelength, and illumination period generated by the artificial light source are adjustable; There are light intensity sensors at different depths in the box. With the help of the light intensity sensor and the intelligent light source regulator, the luminous intensity, wavelength, light quality, light-emitting duration and light-dark cycle of the light-emitting components of the artificial light source can be automatically adjusted.7.根据权利要求1所述的光生物反应器，其特征在于，所述载物漂浮平台下方设有声呐装置，声呐装置浸没在水中，用于驱赶鱼群，避免鱼群破坏微藻培养装置的结构。7 . The photobioreactor according to claim 1 , wherein a sonar device is provided below the cargo-carrying floating platform, and the sonar device is immersed in water for driving fish schools and preventing fish schools from destroying the microalgae cultivation device. 8 . Structure.8.根据权利要求1所述的光生物反应器，其特征在于，所述载物漂浮平台下方铰接若干根绳索，在绳索下方悬挂连接配重块，所述绳索和配重块组成了培养箱的骨架结构，以维持培养箱的体积和形状；或者所述载物漂浮平台下方铰接若干刚性材质的竖向支架，竖向支架之间连接横向支架组成培养箱的骨架结构，以维持培养箱的体积和形状；所述绳索的长度为可调节，所述封闭膜为无孔的柔性膜。8 . The photobioreactor according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of ropes are hinged below the load-carrying floating platform, and a counterweight is suspended and connected below the ropes, and the ropes and the counterweight constitute an incubator. 9 . The skeleton structure of the incubator to maintain the volume and shape of the incubator; or a number of vertical supports of rigid materials are hinged under the floating platform for objects, and the horizontal supports are connected between the vertical supports to form the skeleton structure of the incubator to maintain the incubator’s skeleton structure. Volume and shape; the length of the cord is adjustable and the closure membrane is a non-porous flexible membrane.9.根据权利要求1或8所述的光生物反应器，其特征在于，在所述培养箱外部还设有防护笼，避免鱼群或大型水生动物破坏微藻培养装置的结构；所述光生物反应器的培养箱为六面体形，其体积为长1-100m*宽1-100m*高1-100m或者等效体积与该六面体形相当的圆柱体形，椭圆体形或者等效体积与该六面体形相当的不规则几何体形。9. The photobioreactor according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that, a protective cage is also provided outside the incubator to prevent fish or large aquatic animals from destroying the structure of the microalgae cultivation device; the light The incubator of the bioreactor is a hexahedron with a volume of 1-100m*1-100m*1-100m high or a cylinder with an equivalent volume equivalent to the hexahedron, an ellipsoid or an equivalent volume with the hexahedron Quite irregular geometry.10.根据权利要求1所述的光生物反应器，其特征在于，所述载物漂浮平台上设有泵；当培养箱中微藻已生长成熟且培养箱中的营养物质已消耗完成时，所述泵被启动以将培养箱内的藻液泵入外部水体中喂养鱼类；或者所述载物漂浮平台上设有离心/过滤浓缩藻液的设备，将浓缩藻液泵入外部水体中喂养鱼类、贝类、虾类或浮游动物。10 . The photobioreactor according to claim 1 , wherein a pump is provided on the load floating platform; when the microalgae in the incubator have grown to maturity and the nutrients in the incubator have been consumed, 10 . The pump is activated to pump the algal liquid in the incubator into the external water body to feed the fish; or a device for centrifuging/filtering the concentrated algal liquid is provided on the cargo floating platform, and the concentrated algal liquid is pumped into the external water body Feed fish, shellfish, shrimp or zooplankton.

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