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CN112609259B - Modified polymer fiber and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Modified polymer fiber and preparation method and application thereof
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Publication number
CN112609259B
CN112609259BCN202011489652.8ACN202011489652ACN112609259BCN 112609259 BCN112609259 BCN 112609259BCN 202011489652 ACN202011489652 ACN 202011489652ACN 112609259 BCN112609259 BCN 112609259B
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polymer fiber
aerogel
fiber
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aerogel particles
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CN112609259A (en
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李秦鲁
王群芳
龚佩清
洪岩
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Suzhou Bo Nuan Yu Han Technology Co ltd
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Suzhou Bo Nuan Yu Han Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a modified polymer fiber and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of fiber material modification. The modified polymer fiber provided by the invention comprises polymer fiber and aerogel particles, wherein the aerogel particles are uniformly distributed in the polymer fiber or on the surface of the polymer fiber. In the modified polymer fiber, aerogel particles are distributed in the polymer fiber and on the surface of the polymer fiber, and the polymer fiber and the product thereof can be endowed with different properties (such as heat insulation property, heat preservation property and adsorptivity) compared with the original polymer fiber and the product thereof by changing the types and the content of the aerogel particles, so that the aim of modifying the polymer fiber and the processed product thereof is fulfilled. According to the invention, polymer particles and aerogel particles are directly spun through corresponding metering, so that the processes of mixing granulation, mixing and melt spinning are omitted, the cost is saved, the method is simple and feasible, the production efficiency is improved, and the method has a wide application prospect.

Description

Modified polymer fiber and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fiber material modification, in particular to a modified polymer fiber and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In shape, a fiber is a relatively soft, thin, long substance. Fibers are widely used in the clothing, nonwoven, home textile, decorative, and non-fiber industries.
The polymer particle spinning is basically concentrated in the category of melt spinning technology, can cover polyesters such as PET, PBT, PTT and polylactic acid, polyamides such as PA6, PA66 and PA1010, olefins such as PP, PE and PS and other resins for spinning, and can spin long fibers, short fibers, non-woven fabrics and other products.
With the increase of the production of common fibers, the competition of industry is gradually increased; in addition, the demands of people on different products such as clothing, home and the like are continuously improved, and fiber modification is imperative. At present, the existing method mainly modifies the fiber by different substances and different methods, and a plurality of modified products are generated to meet the market demands.
Aerogel is a porous nano material with a special structure, has a plurality of unique properties such as high porosity, low density, low refractive index, low thermal conductivity and the like, has wide or potential application prospect in various fields, and is a material with great development potential and research value. However, there is currently no report on aerogel in fiber modification.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a modified polymer fiber, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the modified polymer fiber can endow a fabric with excellent heat insulation and heat preservation property and adsorptivity.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a modified polymer fiber, which comprises a polymer fiber and aerogel particles, wherein the aerogel particles are uniformly distributed in the interior or on the surface of the polymer fiber.
Preferably, the aerogel particles account for 0.1-85% of the mass of the polymer fibers.
Preferably, the polymer in the polymer fiber comprises one or more of polyester, polyamide, polyolefin and polyurethane.
Preferably, the aerogel particles comprise one or more of oxide aerogel, chalcogenide aerogel, cellulose aerogel and carbon aerogel; the aerogel particles have a diameter of < 55. Mu.m.
Preferably, the morphology of the modified polymer fibers includes spunbond nonwoven, meltblown nonwoven, long fibers, or short fibers.
Preferably, the long fibers comprise UDY, MOY, POY, HOY, FDY, BCF, DY, DT, DTY or ATY.
The invention provides a preparation method of the modified polymer fiber, which comprises the following steps:
feeding polymer particles and aerogel particles simultaneously, and carrying out extrusion blending to obtain a melt;
spinning the melt to obtain a strand silk;
and (3) carrying out drawing molding on the silk yarn to obtain the modified polymer fiber.
Preferably, the apparatus for feeding adds an aerogel metering device feeder.
Preferably, the angle between the inlet pipe of the aerogel particles and the inlet pipe of the polymer particles is 5-175 degrees.
The invention provides application of the modified polymer fiber prepared by the technical scheme or the preparation method of the technical scheme in the textile field.
The invention provides a modified polymer fiber, which comprises a polymer fiber and aerogel particles, wherein the aerogel particles are uniformly distributed in the interior or on the surface of the polymer fiber. In the modified polymer fiber, aerogel particles are distributed in the polymer fiber and on the surface of the polymer fiber, and the polymer fiber and the product thereof can be endowed with different properties (such as heat insulation property, heat preservation property and adsorptivity) compared with the original polymer fiber and the product thereof by changing the types and the content of the aerogel particles, so that the aim of modifying the polymer fiber and the processed product thereof is fulfilled.
The invention provides the preparation method of the modified polymer fiber, and the polymer particles and the aerogel particles are directly spun through corresponding metering, so that the process of mixing granulation and then mixing melt spinning is omitted, the cost is saved, the method is simple and easy to implement, the production efficiency is improved, and the preparation method has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of aerogel particles more uniformly distributed within and on the surface of a polymer fiber;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a disk volumetric metering device feeder;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a screw volumetric metering device feeder;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the intersection of a feed tube for polymer particles and a feed tube for aerogel particles at the feed end of a screw extruder.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a modified polymer fiber, which comprises a polymer fiber and aerogel particles, wherein the aerogel particles are uniformly distributed in the interior or on the surface of the polymer fiber.
In the present invention, the preparation materials are commercially available as known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.
The modified polymer fiber provided by the invention comprises polymer fiber, wherein the polymer in the polymer fiber preferably comprises one or more of polyester, polyamide, polyolefin and polyurethane; when the polymer is preferably one or more of the above, the present invention is not particularly limited in the ratio of the different kinds of polymers, and any ratio may be used. In the present invention, the polyester preferably includes PET, PBT, PTT or polylactic acid; the polyamide preferably comprises PA6, PA66, PA610 or PA1010; the polyolefin preferably comprises polypropylene PP, polyethylene PE, polyvinylchloride PVC, polystyrene PS or polytetrafluoroethylene.
The modified polymer fiber provided by the invention comprises aerogel particles, wherein the aerogel particles preferably comprise one or more of oxide aerogel, chalcogenide aerogel, cellulose aerogel and carbon aerogel; when the aerogel particles are preferably one or more of the above, the mixture ratio of the aerogel of different types is not particularly limited, and any mixture ratio can be used. In the present invention, the oxide aerogel preferably includes silica, titania, alumina, or copper oxide. In the present invention, the aerogel particles preferably have a diameter of < 55. Mu.m.
In the present invention, the aerogel particles preferably account for 0.1 to 85% by mass of the polymer fibers, more preferably 1 to 60% by mass, still more preferably 10 to 50% by mass, and still more preferably 20 to 35% by mass.
As shown in figure 1, the aerogel particles are uniformly distributed in the polymer fibers or on the surfaces of the polymer fibers, and the aerogel particles are filled with gas, so that the modified polymer fibers and the surfaces of the modified polymer fibers contain nano bubble surfaces or air holes, and the modified polymer fibers are endowed with excellent heat insulation and heat preservation property and adsorptivity.
In the present invention, the shape of the modified polymer fiber preferably includes one or more of a circle, a triangle, a trilobal shape, a cross shape, an i-shape, a split shape, a sheath-core shape, and a hollow shape.
In the present invention, the morphology of the modified polymer fibers preferably includes spunbond nonwoven, meltblown nonwoven, long fibers or short fibers. In the present invention, when the modified polymer fiber is in the form of a spunbonded nonwoven fabric, a meltblown nonwoven fabric or a staple fiber, the fineness of the modified polymer fiber is preferably 0.01 to 100D; wherein the length of the short fibers is preferably 0.1 to 150mm, more preferably 38mm or 56mm.
In the present invention, the long fibers preferably include UDY, MOY, POY, HOY, FDY, BCF, DY, DT, DTY or ATY. In the present invention, when the long fiber is UDY, MOY, POY or HOY, the composite spun single filament fineness of the long fiber is preferably 0.01 to 100D, and the single component spun single filament fineness is preferably 0.1 to 100D; the number of pores is preferably 1 to 600F, and the fineness is preferably 1 to 1000D. In the present invention, when the long fiber is FDY, the composite spun single filament fineness of the long fiber is preferably 0.01 to 100D, and the single component spun single filament fineness is preferably 0.1 to 100D; the number of pores is preferably 1 to 600F, and the fineness is preferably 1 to 1000D. In the present invention, when the long fiber is BCF, the composite spun filament fineness of the long fiber is preferably 0.01 to 100D, and the single component spun filament fineness is preferably 0.1 to 100D; the number of pores is preferably 1 to 600F, and the fineness is preferably 1 to 9000D.
The invention provides a preparation method of the modified polymer fiber, which comprises the following steps:
feeding polymer particles and aerogel particles simultaneously, and carrying out extrusion blending to obtain a melt;
spinning the melt to obtain a strand silk;
and (3) carrying out drawing molding on the silk yarn to obtain the modified polymer fiber.
According to the invention, polymer particles and aerogel particles are fed simultaneously, and extrusion blending is carried out to obtain a melt.
In the present invention, the polymer particles are preferably subjected to pretreatment before the feeding, and the pretreatment method of the polymer particles is not particularly limited, and the pretreatment may be performed according to a method well known in the art depending on the kind of polymer particles. In an embodiment of the present invention, the pretreatment method is preferably drying or removing impurities; specifically, when the polymer particles are polyester chips, the polyester chips are subjected to pre-crystallization in a boiling bed at 170 or 180 ℃ for 5 or 15min to obtain pre-crystallized chips; and (3) putting the pre-crystallized slices into a drying tower, and drying for 5 hours at the drying temperature of 190 ℃ to obtain the dried polyester slices. When the polymer particles are PA6 slices, the PA6 slices with the relative viscosity of 2.5 are placed in a drying tower, and are dried for 4 hours at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the dried PA6 slices.
In the present invention, the feeding is preferably performed through a feed pipe of a screw extruder, and the present invention is not particularly limited, and the feed pipe of the screw extruder known in the art may be used. The invention preferably adds an aerogel metering device feeder to the feed pipe; the aerogel metering device feeder is preferably a volumetric metering device feeder, a gravimetric metering device feeder or a loss-in-weight metering device feeder. The specific structure of the volumetric metering device feeder, the gravimetric metering device feeder or the weightless metering device feeder is not particularly limited in the present invention, and any device capable of volumetric metering or gravimetric metering or weightless metering known in the art may be used. The invention uses the aerogel metering device feeder to ensure that the feeding proportion of polymer particles and corresponding aerogel particles in unit time is consistent.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a schematic structural diagram of an aerogel metering device feeder used is shown in fig. 2 and 3. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a disk volumetric metering device feeder; the working process is as follows: aerogel particles in the aerogel hopper enter metering holes of a metering turntable, and the metering turntable rotates under the drive of a metering driving device to convey the aerogel particles into an aerogel particle feeding pipe.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a screw type volumetric metering device feeder, which operates as follows: aerogel particles in the aerogel hopper enter a metering screw rod, and the metering screw rod rotates under the driving of a metering driving device to convey the aerogel particles into an aerogel particle feeding pipe.
The invention has no special limitation on the simultaneous feeding rate, and ensures that the feeding proportion of polymer particles and aerogel particles is consistent.
In the present invention, the extrusion blending is preferably performed in a screw extruder, and the screw extruder is not particularly limited in the present invention, and any screw extruder known in the art may be used.
In the present invention, the feed tube for the polymer particles and the feed tube for the aerogel particles preferably meet at the feed end of the screw extruder, as shown in FIG. 4; wherein alpha is the horizontal included angle between the polymer particle feeding pipe and the screw; beta is the horizontal included angle between the aerogel feeding pipe and the screw; gamma is the included angle between the aerogel feeding pipe and the polymer feeding pipe; the working process is as follows: polymer particles are fed through a polymer particle feeding pipe, aerogel particles are fed through an aerogel particle feeding pipe and are intersected at the inlet end of the screw extruder, wherein the included angle between the polymer particle feeding pipe and the aerogel particle feeding pipe is a gamma angle; the included angle between the aerogel particle feeding pipe and the screw extruder is beta angle; the included angle between the polymer particle feeding pipe and the screw extruder is alpha, and the screw extruder is driven by the screw extruder driving device to melt polymer particles of the polymer particle feeding pipe and aerogel particles of the aerogel particle feeding pipe in the screw extruder to obtain extrusion melt.
In the invention, the horizontal included angle alpha between the polymer particle feeding pipe and the screw is preferably 5-175 degrees, more preferably 120 degrees; the horizontal angle beta between the aerogel feeding pipe and the screw is preferably 5-175 degrees, more preferably 90 degrees. In the present invention, the screw extruder is preferably horizontally installed, and the angle γ between the feed pipe of the aerogel particles and the feed pipe of the polymer particles is preferably 5 to 175 °, more preferably 20 to 150 °, and still more preferably 30 °.
In the present invention, the parameters of the extrusion blending are preferably adjusted according to the different morphologies of the modified polymer fibers, and the preparation parameters of the different morphologies of the modified polymer fibers are not particularly limited and may be adjusted according to methods well known in the art.
After the melt is obtained, the invention carries out spinning on the melt to obtain the yarn. In the invention, the melt is preferably filtered to remove impurities, then enters a spinning manifold, is precisely metered to a spinning assembly in the spinning manifold by a metering pump in the spinning manifold, is uniformly distributed to a spinneret plate according to mass, and is subjected to spinning. The filter is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be a corresponding device known in the art. The invention is not particularly limited to the spinning beam, and its metering pump and spinning assembly, and corresponding devices known in the art may be used.
In the present invention, the method of spinning preferably includes single-component spinning, two-component spinning or multi-component spinning. In the invention, the aperture of a spinneret plate used for spinning is preferably 0.1-35 mm, and the length-diameter ratio is preferably 1.0-20; the hole shape of the spinneret plate preferably comprises a circle, triangle, trilobal, cross, pentalobal, I-shaped or hollow. The invention preferably adjusts the spinning process according to the method well known in the art according to the shape of the modified polymer fiber; the specific parameters of the spinning are not particularly limited in the present invention, and the spinning may be adaptively adjusted according to a process well known in the art. In the embodiment of the invention, when the modified polymer fiber is a long fiber, the screw temperature of the spinning manifold is preferably 260-290 ℃ in the first region, 265-290 ℃ in the second region, 270-295 ℃ in the third region, 275-295 ℃ in the fourth region, 280-295 ℃ in the fifth region and 280-295 ℃ in the spinning manifold; when the modified polymer fibers are short fibers, the temperature of each region of a screw of the spinning box body is 280 ℃ in the first region, 285 ℃ in the second region, 290 ℃ in the third region, 295 ℃ in the fourth region, 295 ℃ in the fifth region and 295 ℃ in the spinning box body; the spinning speed is 1800m/min; when the polymer fiber is a melt-blown product, the temperatures of the screw zones of the spinning manifold are respectively: 255 ℃ in the first region, 265 ℃ in the second region, 270 ℃ in the third region, 280 ℃ in the fourth region and 285 ℃ in the fifth region; the spinning manifold temperature was 280 ℃.
The specific size of the yarn according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and any size known in the art may be used.
After the silk is obtained, the silk is subjected to drawing forming, and the modified polymer fiber is obtained. In the present invention, the yarn is preferably treated according to the form of the modified polymer fiber before the drawing and forming, and the treatment process preferably includes cooling and oiling. The specific processes of cooling, oiling and drawing forming are not particularly limited, and the morphology of different modified polymer fibers can be adaptively adjusted according to the processes well known in the art. The invention carries out smoothing, bundling and antistatic treatment on the silk by oiling. In an embodiment of the present invention, the cooling mode is specifically a side-blown mode and/or a circular-blown mode.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the modified polymer fiber is POY, the cooling, oiling and drawing processes are specifically as follows: the cooling blowing speed is 1m/s, the cooling blowing relative humidity is 85%, and the cooling blowing temperature is 9 ℃; the winding speed was 2600m/min.
When the modified polymer fiber is DTY, the POY is subjected to an upper heating box with the temperature of 195 ℃, 2.2 draft times and DY ratio of 1.85 deformation at the processing speed of 550m/min, and then heat setting at 180 ℃ to obtain the DTY.
When the modified polymer fiber is FDY, the processes of cooling, oiling and drawing forming are specifically as follows: the temperature of the cooled cooling air is 20 ℃, the relative humidity is 80%, and the wind speed is 1m/s; the rotation speed of the first and second drafting rollers for drafting: 4050m/min, third draft roller speed: 4950m/min and 155 ℃; fourth godet rotational speed: 5050m/min; fifth godet rotational speed: 5000m/min; the winding speed of the molding was 4900m/min.
When the modified polymer fiber is BCF, the processes of cooling, oiling and drawing forming are specifically as follows: the temperature of the cooled side blowing wind is 13 ℃, and the speed of the side blowing wind is 1.8m/s; feeding the yarn to a first godet with the speed of 800m/min, feeding the yarn to a first hot roller with the temperature of 80 ℃ and the speed of 750m/min, feeding the yarn to a second hot roller with the temperature of 135 ℃ and the speed of 2980m/min, drafting between the first hot roller and the second hot roller, deforming the yarn after drafting by a Venturi tube (the air deformation pressure is 0.5MPa and the air deformation temperature is 145 ℃) to a cooling screen drum, cooling the yarn, feeding the yarn to a second godet with the speed of 2950m/min, networking, and winding and forming at the winding speed of 2800m/min to obtain the BCF.
When the modified polymer fiber is a polyester staple fiber, the cooling, oiling and drawing processes are specifically as follows: the cooled circular blowing cooling air temperature is 20 ℃, the circular blowing cooling air pressure is 360Pa, and the oil tanker is oiled to a yarn guiding disc for strip barrel, so as to form primary filaments; bundling the primary filaments, and then carrying out primary stretching (stretching temperature 90 ℃ C., stretching multiple 3.7 times); and performing second-stage stretching (stretching temperature 185 ℃ C., stretching multiple 1.3 times), preheating the obtained silk bundle at 100 ℃ and then crimping, then performing relaxation heat setting at 160 ℃ for 45min, and cutting to obtain the short fibers. The cutting length of the short fiber is not particularly limited, and the short fiber can be adjusted according to actual requirements.
When the modified polymer fiber is a melt-blown product, the process of the drawing and forming specifically includes: drawing the melt sprayed by the spinneret plate, forming by a receiving device, and then trimming and winding to obtain a melt-blown PP product; wherein the temperature of the drawn hot air is as follows: drawing hot air pressure at 300 ℃): 0.3Mpa; reception distance of the reception device: 150mm; winding speed of the winding: 150m/min.
The invention provides application of the modified polymer fiber prepared by the technical scheme or the preparation method of the technical scheme in the textile field. In the present invention, the morphology of the modified polymer fibers includes spunbond nonwoven fabrics, meltblown nonwoven fabrics, long fibers or short fibers; the application method of the modified polymer fiber in the textile field preferably comprises the step of processing the modified polymer fiber into fabrics, other non-woven fabrics, glue-sprayed cotton or hot air cotton flakes. In the present invention, when the morphology of the modified polymer fibers is long fibers, the long fibers are preferably reprocessed to produce DT, DY, DTY, ATY or mixed fiber composite products; when the modified polymer fibers are in the form of staple fibers, the staple fibers are preferably reprocessed into collodion, hot air cotton, other forms of nonwoven fabrics or yarns.
In the present invention, in the DT, DY, DTY, ATY, the fineness of the composite spun single filament is preferably 0.01 to 100D, and the fineness of the single component spun single filament is preferably 0.1 to 100D; the number of pores is preferably 1 to 600F, and the fineness is preferably 1 to 6000D.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in connection with the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the following examples, the aperture of the spinneret plate is 0.1-20 mm, the length-diameter ratio is 1.0-20, and the specific specifications are as shown in the examples; the horizontal included angle alpha between the polymer particle feeding pipe and the screw is 120 degrees, and the horizontal included angle beta between the aerogel feeding pipe and the screw is 90 degrees; the screw extruder was mounted horizontally with an angle gamma of 30 deg. between the feed tube for the aerogel particles and the feed tube for the polymer particles.
The device components shown in the examples below are all devices for the production of long fibers, short fibers and meltblown webs well known in the art, and the types of the devices are not particularly limited.
Example 1
Pre-crystallizing the polyester slice in a boiling bed at 180 ℃ for 15min to obtain a pre-crystallized slice;
placing the pre-crystallized slice into a drying tower, and drying for 5 hours at the drying temperature of 190 ℃ to obtain a dried polyester slice;
adding silica aerogel (particle size of 23 μm) into a feeder of a disc type volumetric metering device shown in fig. 2 (the silica aerogel accounts for 10% of the mass of the polyester chips), feeding the dried polyester chips and the metered silica aerogel into a screw extruder for melting, removing impurities from the obtained melt through a filter, feeding the melt into a metering pump in a spinning box for metering, uniformly distributing the melt to each spinneret plate (the shape of a hole of each spinneret plate is circular) according to mass, and spinning to obtain filaments; wherein, the aperture of the spinneret plate is 0.35mm, and the length-diameter ratio is 2.3; the temperature of the screw is respectively one region 283 ℃, two regions 283 ℃, three regions 285 ℃, four regions 290 ℃, five regions 290 ℃ and the temperature of the spinning manifold is 290 ℃;
sequentially cooling and oiling the silk strips, and winding and forming to obtain POY; wherein the cooling blowing speed is 1m/s, the cooling blowing relative humidity is 85%, and the cooling blowing temperature is 9 ℃; the winding speed was 2600m/min.
And (3) passing the POY through an upper hot box with the temperature of 195 ℃, carrying out deformation with the 2.2 draft multiple and the DY ratio of 1.85 at the processing speed of 550m/min, and carrying out heat setting at 180 ℃ to obtain the DTY.
The denier per filament of the DTY obtained in this example was 0.9D, the number of holes was 72F, and the denier was 68D.
Performance testing
The DTY prepared in this example was tested according to the polyester filament test method, and the results indicate that the DTY product has the following specifications: 75dtex/72f, breaking strength: 3.5cn/dtex, elongation at break: 25% and oil coating rate of 0.9%.
Example 2
Placing the PA6 slice with the relative viscosity of 2.5 into a drying tower, and drying for 4 hours at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a dried PA6 slice;
adding titanium dioxide aerogel (particle size of 23 μm) into a loss-in-weight metering device feeder (the titanium dioxide aerogel accounts for 12% of the mass of the PA6 slices);
simultaneously feeding the dried PA6 slice and the metered titanium dioxide aerogel into a screw extruder for melting, removing impurities from the obtained melt through a filter, feeding the melt into a metering pump in a spinning box for metering, uniformly distributing the melt to each spinneret plate (the hole shape of each spinneret plate is circular) according to mass, and spinning to obtain silk yarns; wherein, the aperture of the spinneret plate is 0.3mm, and the length-diameter ratio is 1.35; screw temperature one 270 ℃, two 270 ℃, three 275 ℃, four 275 ℃, five 280 ℃ and spinning manifold temperature 290 ℃;
cooling and oiling the yarn to a yarn guiding disc, stretching, and then winding and forming to obtain FDY; wherein the temperature of the cooled cooling air is 20 ℃, the relative humidity is 80%, and the wind speed is 1m/s; first and second drawing rollers for the drawing: 4050m/min, third draft roller: 4950m/min, temperature 155 ℃, fourth godet roller: 5050m/min, fifth godet: 5000m/min; the winding speed of the winding forming is 4900m/min;
the FDY obtained in this example had a single filament fineness of 1D, a pore number of 36F and a fineness of 36D.
Performance testing
The FDY prepared in this example was tested according to the PA6 filament test method, and the results showed that the FDY product had the following specifications: 40dtex/36f, elongation at break: 45%, breaking strength: 4.25cn/dtex, uster evenness: 0.9%, oil-up rate: 1.1%.
Example 3
Slicing the PP with the melt index of 28 to obtain PP slices;
the alumina aerogel (particle size 23 μm) was added to the screw type volumetric metering device feeder shown in fig. 3 (the alumina aerogel accounts for 19% of the mass of PP);
simultaneously feeding the PP slice and the metered aluminum oxide aerogel into a screw extruder for melting, feeding the obtained melt into a metering pump in a spinning box body for metering, uniformly distributing the melt to each spinneret plate according to mass, and carrying out spinning to obtain a strand silk; wherein, the aperture of the spinneret plate (the hole shape of the spinneret plate is triangle) is 0.65mm, and the length-diameter ratio is 2.1; the temperature of each zone of the screw extruder is 260 ℃ in the first zone, 265 ℃ in the second zone, 270 ℃ in the third zone, 280 ℃ in the fourth zone and 290 ℃ in the fifth zone, and the temperature of the spinning box body is 290 ℃;
the silk is cooled (side blowing wind temperature is 13 ℃ and side blowing wind speed is 1.8 m/s), a first yarn guiding roller with the speed of 800m/min is used for feeding the silk to a first hot roller with the temperature of 80 ℃ and the speed of 750m/min, then the silk is fed to a second hot roller with the temperature of 135 ℃ and the speed of 2980m/min, drafting is carried out between the first hot roller and the second hot roller, the silk bundles obtained after drafting are deformed by a Venturi tube (air deformation pressure is 0.5MPa and air deformation temperature is 145 ℃) to a cooling screen drum for cooling, then a network is carried out after passing through a second yarn guiding roller with the speed of 2950m/min, and after winding forming is carried out under the condition of winding speed of 2800m/min, BCF is obtained;
the BCF filament fineness of this example was 3.8D, the pore number was 144F, and the fineness was 545D.
Performance testing
The BCF prepared in the embodiment is tested according to the polypropylene BCF filament testing method, and the result shows that the BCF product has the specification: 600dtex/144f, breaking strength: 1.65cn/dtex, shrinkage in boiling water: 3.0%, oil-up rate: 0.9%, heat curl elongation: 26%.
Example 4
Placing the polyester chips into a boiling bed for pre-crystallization at 170 ℃ for 5min to obtain pre-crystallized polyester chips;
the pre-crystallized polyester chips enter a drying tower, and are dried for 5 hours at the drying temperature of 190 ℃ to obtain dried polyester chips;
adding silica aerogel (particle size of 15 μm) into a weight metering device feeder (the silica aerogel accounts for 15% of the mass of the polyester chips);
the dried polyester slices and the metered silicon dioxide aerogel simultaneously enter a screw extruder for melting, the obtained melt is filtered to remove impurities, and enters a metering pump in a spinning box for metering, and the melt is evenly distributed to each spinneret plate according to mass and is subjected to spinning to obtain silk yarns; wherein, the aperture of the spinneret plate (the hole shape of the spinneret plate is round) is 0.27mm, and the length-diameter ratio is 2.1; the temperature of each area of the screw is 280 ℃ in the first area, 285 ℃ in the second area, 290 ℃ in the third area, 295 ℃ in the fourth area and 295 ℃ in the fifth area, and the temperature of the spinning box body is 295 ℃; the spinning speed is 1800m/min;
cooling the yarn (the temperature of the circular blowing cooling air is 20 ℃ and the pressure of the circular blowing cooling air is 360 Pa), oiling the yarn on an oil tanker to a yarn guiding disc for a yarn barrel to form a primary yarn;
bundling the primary filaments, and then carrying out primary stretching (stretching temperature 90 ℃ C., stretching multiple 3.7 times); and performing second-stage stretching (stretching temperature 185 ℃ C., stretching multiple 1.3 times), preheating the obtained silk bundle at 100 ℃ and then crimping, then performing relaxation heat setting at 160 ℃ for 45min, and cutting to obtain the short fibers.
Performance testing
The short fibers prepared in the embodiment are tested according to the polyester short fiber test method, and the result shows that the product specification is as follows: 1.33dtex; cutting length: 64mm; the fineness is 0.3-0.5D; breaking strength: 4.3cn/dtex elongation at break: 15%; number of curls: 6 pieces/cm.
Example 5
Slicing the special melt-blown PP (PP melt index 1500g/10 min) to obtain PP slices;
silica aerogel (particle size 15 μm) and titania aerogel (mass ratio of silica aerogel to titania aerogel is 1:1) were added to the disk type volumetric metering device feeder shown in fig. 2; wherein the total mass of the silicon dioxide aerogel and the titanium dioxide aerogel accounts for 13 percent of the mass of the PP slice;
the PP slice, the metered silicon dioxide aerogel and the metered titanium dioxide aerogel simultaneously enter a screw extruder for melting, the obtained melt is filtered to remove impurities, and the melt enters a metering pump in a spinning box for metering and is evenly distributed to a melt-blowing spinneret plate according to mass and is sprayed out; wherein, the aperture of the spinneret plate (the hole shape of the spinneret plate is round) is 0.25mm, and the length-diameter ratio is 13; the temperatures of all the zones of the screw are respectively as follows: 255 ℃ in the first region, 265 ℃ in the second region, 270 ℃ in the third region, 280 ℃ in the fourth region and 285 ℃ in the fifth region; the temperature of the spinning box body is 280 ℃;
sequentially drawing the melt, forming by a receiving device, and trimming and winding to obtain a melt-blown PP product; wherein the temperature of the drawn hot air is as follows: drawing hot air pressure at 300 ℃): 0.3Mpa; reception distance of the reception device: 150mm; winding speed of the winding: 150m/min.
Performance testing
The melt blown PP prepared in this example was tested according to the polypropylene staple fiber test method, and the results indicate that the melt blown PP fiber strength: 1.2 to 2.2cn/dtex, fiber diameter: 1-6 mu m, fiber length: 30-80 mm.
According to examples 1 to 5, the modified polymer fiber provided by the invention can meet the basic mechanical property requirements, fineness and other specification requirements of the existing polymer fiber.
Application example
After opening the commercial 1.33dtex multiplied by 64mm polyester staple fibers, feeding the polyester staple fibers to a carding machine through a quantitative cotton feeder for carding, lapping the carded staple fibers, spraying glue for drying, and carrying out plane polishing, trimming and coiling to obtain common glue-spraying cotton A;
opening 55% of commercial 1.33dtex multiplied by 64mm polyester staple fibers, opening 45% of 1.33dtex multiplied by 64mm aerogel-containing polyester staple fibers (prepared in example 4), mixing cotton of the two opened staple fibers by a cotton mixer, feeding the mixed staple fibers to a carding machine by a quantitative cotton feeder for carding, lapping the carded mixed staple fibers, spraying glue, drying, carrying out plane polishing, trimming and coiling to obtain aerogel-containing spray collodion B;
the two preparation processes are the same in process and have the following parameters: the glue content (%) is 10; glue spray pressure (kg): 2; the height (mm) of the spray head is 300; production speed (m/min): 8.
the above prepared common spray collodion A and aerogel-containing spray collodion B were tested according to GB/T11048-2008 method, and the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 specification and performance parameters of ordinary spray collodion A and aerogel-containing spray collodion B
As can be seen from Table 1, the spray cotton B containing 45% aerogel has a higher Kroll value than the spray cotton A made of ordinary polyester fibers under the same conditions, which indicates that the modified fibers containing aerogel provide better heat insulation property to the product.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

the morphology of the modified polymer fiber comprises a spun-bonded non-woven fabric, a melt-blown non-woven fabric, a long fiber or a short fiber; when the modified polymer fiber is long fiber, the screw temperature of the spinning box body is 260-290 ℃ in the first region, 265-290 ℃ in the second region, 270-295 ℃ in the third region, 275-295 ℃ in the fourth region, 280-295 ℃ in the fifth region and 280-295 ℃ in the spinning box body; when the modified polymer fiber is in a short fiber form, the temperature of each region of a screw of the spinning box body is 280 ℃, 285 ℃ in two regions, 290 ℃ in three regions, 295 ℃ in four regions, 295 ℃ in five regions and 295 ℃ in the spinning box body; the spinning speed is 1800m/min; when the modified polymer fiber is in a melt-blown product, the temperatures of the screw zones of the spinning manifold are respectively: 255 ℃ in the first region, 265 ℃ in the second region, 270 ℃ in the third region, 280 ℃ in the fourth region and 285 ℃ in the fifth region; the temperature of the spinning box body is 280 ℃;
CN202011489652.8A2020-12-162020-12-16Modified polymer fiber and preparation method and application thereofActiveCN112609259B (en)

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