CN112563536A - Hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell system and control method thereofDownload PDFInfo
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- CN112563536A CN112563536ACN202011405129.2ACN202011405129ACN112563536ACN 112563536 ACN112563536 ACN 112563536ACN 202011405129 ACN202011405129 ACN 202011405129ACN 112563536 ACN112563536 ACN 112563536A
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04179—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by purging or increasing flow or pressure of reactants
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell systems, in particular to a hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell system and a control method thereof.
Background
Compared with the electric power energy supply system which is widely adopted at present, the hydrogen energy is used as an energy storage substance in the transportation industry, has the characteristics and advantages of large-scale stable storage, continuous supply, long-distance transportation and quick supplement, and can coexist and complement with the electric power system in an energy framework which is characterized by distributed mode as a main characteristic and zero emission in the future, so that the energy requirements of transportation, family life and industrial production are met together.
A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that converts chemical energy of hydrogen and air (oxygen) into electrical energy by means of an electrochemical reaction. Because the only discharged product is water without a high-temperature combustion process, no pollutant is discharged; meanwhile, as long as the supply of hydrogen can be ensured, the fuel cell can continuously output electric energy. The fuel cell breaks through the efficiency limit of thermodynamic Carnot cycle, breaks through the mode of traditional energy power, and becomes the leading-edge technology of modern technological development. At present, new energy vehicles using fuel cells as power sources have the most remarkable development. Various automobile manufacturers in the world including Toyota, Honda, general and Benz are engaged in the research and development of fuel cell hydrogen energy automobiles and gradually put into the market for mass production.
However, the existing fuel cell hydrogen energy automobile has the problem that the performance of the fuel cell stack is rapidly attenuated, which is one of important factors for restricting the large-scale commercial application of the fuel cell hydrogen energy automobile.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of stack performance attenuation caused by poor voltage consistency of each single cell in the conventional fuel cell stack.
The embodiment of the invention provides a hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell system, which comprises an electric pile, an air compressor, a pile outlet air throttle, a hydrogen cylinder, a voltage inspection module and a controller, wherein the electric pile is connected with the air compressor;
the electric pile is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet, a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, a hydrogen discharge valve and a drain valve; the stack outlet throttle valve is communicated with the air outlet;
the air compressor is communicated with the electric pile through the air inlet; a reactor inlet throttle valve is arranged between the air compressor and the air inlet; the reactor inlet throttle valve is communicated with the air compressor and the air inlet respectively;
the hydrogen cylinder is communicated with the electric pile through the hydrogen inlet; a pile-entering hydrogen valve is arranged between the hydrogen cylinder and the hydrogen inlet; the pile-entering hydrogen valve is respectively communicated with the hydrogen cylinder and the hydrogen inlet;
the controller is respectively electrically connected with the air compressor, the reactor inlet air throttle, the reactor outlet air throttle, the reactor inlet hydrogen valve and the voltage inspection module; the voltage inspection module is used for detecting the voltage of each single battery in the galvanic pile.
In some preferred embodiments, the hydrogen-energy automobile fuel cell system further comprises an intercooler; the intercooler is arranged between the air compressor and the air inlet; the air compressor is communicated with the air inlet through the intercooler.
In some preferred embodiments, the hydrogen-powered automotive fuel cell system further comprises a humidifier; the humidifier is disposed between the air compressor and the air intake; the air compressor is communicated with the air inlet through the humidifier; the stack outlet throttle valve is communicated with the air outlet through the humidifier.
In some preferred embodiments, the hydrogen-powered automotive fuel cell system further comprises a hydrogen circulation pump; the hydrogen circulating pump is electrically connected with the controller; the hydrogen circulating pump is respectively communicated with the hydrogen outlet and the hydrogen inlet; a one-way valve is arranged between the hydrogen circulating pump and the hydrogen inlet; the one-way valve is respectively communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump and the hydrogen inlet; the hydrogen circulating pump is matched with the one-way valve and used for circulating the unreacted hydrogen in the galvanic pile to the galvanic pile through the hydrogen inlet.
In some preferred embodiments, a pressure reducing valve is further arranged between the hydrogen cylinder and the pile-entering hydrogen valve; the pressure reducing valve is respectively communicated with the hydrogen cylinder and the pile-entering hydrogen valve.
In some preferred embodiments, a proportional valve is further arranged between the stack-entering hydrogen valve and the hydrogen inlet; the proportional valve is respectively communicated with the hydrogen inlet and the pile entering hydrogen valve; the proportional valve is electrically connected with the controller.
In some preferred embodiments, the hydrogen-powered automotive fuel cell system further comprises a water tank, and a water pump; the galvanic pile is also provided with a first water inlet and a first water outlet; the water tank is communicated with a water inlet of the water pump through the intercooler; the water outlet of the water pump is communicated with the first water inlet; the water outlet of the water pump is also communicated with the water tank; the first water outlet is communicated with a water inlet of the water pump; the water pump is electrically connected with the controller.
In some more preferred embodiments, the hydrogen-powered automotive fuel cell system further comprises a radiator and a thermostat; the radiator is electrically connected with the controller; the thermostat is provided with a second water inlet, a third water inlet and a second water outlet; the water outlet of the water pump is communicated with the second water inlet; the water outlet of the water pump is also communicated with the third water inlet through the radiator; the water tank is communicated with the water outlet of the water pump through the radiator; the second water outlet is communicated with the first water inlet.
In some preferred embodiments, the hydrogen-powered automotive fuel cell system further comprises a temperature sensor; the temperature sensor is electrically connected with the controller; the temperature sensor is arranged in the electric pile and used for detecting the temperature of water generated in the electric pile.
In some preferred embodiments, the hydrogen-powered automotive fuel cell system further comprises a DC-DC booster; the DC-DC booster is electrically connected with the galvanic pile and the controller respectively.
The invention also provides a control method of the hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, the voltage inspection module detects the voltage value of each single battery in the galvanic pile and sends the voltage value to the controller;
s2, judging whether the average voltage value of the single battery is smaller than a first preset threshold value or not by the controller, and judging whether the voltage difference value of the single battery is larger than a second preset threshold value or not; when the average voltage value of the single batteries is smaller than a first preset threshold value or the voltage difference value of the single batteries is larger than a second preset threshold value, the controller controls the rotating speed of the air compressor to be increased to a third preset threshold value;
and S3, when the time that the air compressor runs at the third preset threshold reaches a fourth preset threshold and the controller judges that the average voltage value of the single battery is smaller than the first preset threshold or the voltage difference value of the single battery is larger than the second preset threshold, controlling the hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell system to stop working by the controller.
In some preferred embodiments, before step S1, a start-up step of the fuel cell system of the hydrogen-powered automobile is further included; the starting-up steps are as follows:
t1, the controller judges whether a circuit of the hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell system has a fault; if the fault exists, entering a fault mode; if the fault does not exist, the water pump is controlled to be started;
t2, the controller controls the hydrogen discharge valve and the drain valve to be fully opened and controls the hydrogen circulating pump to be opened;
t3, controlling the stack hydrogen valve and the proportional valve to open by the controller;
t4, when the opening time of the pile-entering hydrogen valve and the proportional valve reaches a fifth preset threshold value, the controller controls the switching frequency of the hydrogen discharge valve to be a sixth preset value and controls the switching frequency of the water discharge valve to be a seventh preset threshold value; and then controlling the reactor inlet throttle valve and the air compressor to be opened.
In some preferred embodiments, in step S3, the controller controls the hydrogen-powered automobile fuel cell system to stop operating as follows:
p1, the controller controls the input current of the DC-DC booster so that the average voltage of each single battery in the electric pile is maintained between 770 and 830 mV; the controller controls the switching frequency of the hydrogen discharge valve to be an eighth preset threshold value, controls the switching frequency of the water discharge valve to be a ninth preset threshold value, and then controls the rotating speed of the air compressor to be increased to a tenth preset threshold value;
p2, when the time of the air compressor running at the tenth preset threshold reaches an eleventh preset threshold, the controller controls the output and input current of the DC-DC booster to be 0, and then controls the DC-DC booster to be turned off;
p3, the controller controlling the air compressor, the in-stack damper and the out-stack damper to close;
p4, when the controller judges that the average voltage value of the single battery is smaller than a twelfth preset threshold value, the controller controls a hydrogen circulating pump, a hydrogen discharge valve and a drain valve to be closed;
p5, the controller controls the pile-entering hydrogen valve and the proportional valve to be closed;
and P6, when the controller judges that the temperature of the water in the galvanic pile is lower than a thirteenth preset threshold value, controlling a water pump and a radiator to be closed.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell system comprises an electric pile, an air compressor, a pile outlet air throttle, a hydrogen cylinder, a voltage inspection module and a controller; the electric pile is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet, a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, a hydrogen discharge valve and a drain valve; the stack outlet throttle valve is communicated with the air outlet; the air compressor is communicated with the electric pile through the air inlet; a reactor inlet throttle valve is arranged between the air compressor and the air inlet; the reactor inlet throttle valve is communicated with the air compressor and the air inlet respectively; the hydrogen cylinder is communicated with the electric pile through the hydrogen inlet; a pile-entering hydrogen valve is arranged between the hydrogen cylinder and the hydrogen inlet; the pile-entering hydrogen valve is respectively communicated with the hydrogen cylinder and the hydrogen inlet; the controller is respectively electrically connected with the air compressor, the reactor inlet air throttle, the reactor outlet air throttle, the reactor inlet hydrogen valve and the voltage inspection module; detecting the voltage value of each single battery in the galvanic pile through the voltage patrol module, judging whether the average voltage value of the single batteries is smaller than a first preset threshold value or not through the controller, and simultaneously judging whether the voltage difference value of the single batteries is larger than a second preset threshold value or not; when the average voltage value of the single batteries is smaller than a first preset threshold value or the voltage difference value of the single batteries is larger than a second preset threshold value, the controller controls the rotating speed of the air compressor to be increased to a third preset threshold value; water generated in the electric pile is blown out of the electric pile through the air outlet by suddenly increased air disturbance, so that the situation that the consistency of the voltage of the single battery is influenced by the liquid water condensed due to excessive water vapor in the electric pile is prevented, and the performance attenuation of the electric pile is further slowed down; in addition, when the air compressor reaches the fourth preset threshold with the time that the third preset threshold operated, just the controller judges the average voltage value of battery cell is less than first preset threshold or when the voltage difference value of battery cell is greater than the second preset threshold, the controller control hydrogen energy car fuel cell system stops working to guarantee can't solve through improving the air compressor rotational speed when the problem of battery cell uniformity, through closing hydrogen energy car battery system is in order to reach and slow down the mesh that the pile performance attenuates.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a hydrogen-powered automobile fuel cell system inembodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit connection diagram of the fuel cell system of the hydrogen-powered automobile in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of the startup steps in the control method of the fuel cell system of the hydrogen-powered automobile in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a control method of the fuel cell system of the hydrogen-powered automobile in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart illustrating the shutdown steps in the control method of the fuel cell system of the hydrogen-powered automobile in fig. 1.
Wherein, 1, an air compressor; 2. an intercooler; 3. a humidifier; 4. a reactor inlet air throttle; 5. a stack outlet air throttle; 6. a water tank; 7. a water pump; 8. a heat sink; 9. a thermostat; 10. a hydrogen gas cylinder; 11. a pressure reducing valve; 12. a pile-entering hydrogen valve; 13. a proportional valve; 14. a hydrogen circulation pump; 15. a one-way valve; 16. a hydrogen discharge valve; 17. a galvanic pile; 18. a voltage inspection module; 19. a DC-DC booster; 20. a controller; 21. a drain valve; 22. a temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell system of a hydrogen-powered vehicle, including anelectric stack 17, anair compressor 1, anintercooler 2, ahumidifier 3, a stack-in throttle valve, a stack-outthrottle valve 5, ahydrogen cylinder 10, apressure reducing valve 11, a stack-inhydrogen valve 12, aproportional valve 13, ahydrogen circulation pump 14, awater tank 6, awater pump 7, aradiator 8, a thermostat 9, a DC-DC booster 19, avoltage polling module 18, and acontroller 20.
Thecontroller 20 is an MCU controller, and thecontroller 20 is respectively electrically connected with theair compressor 1, the stackinlet air throttle 4, the stackoutlet air throttle 5, the stackinlet hydrogen valve 12, theproportional valve 13, thehydrogen circulating pump 14, thewater pump 7, theradiator 8, the DC-DC booster 19 and thevoltage patrol module 18; thevoltage inspection module 18 is used for detecting the voltage of each single battery in theelectric pile 17.
Theelectric pile 17 is a PEMFC electric pile, and a plurality of single cells (not shown in the figure) are arranged inside theelectric pile 17; theelectric pile 17 is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet, a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, ahydrogen discharge valve 16 and adrain valve 21; the stackoutlet air throttle 5 is communicated with the air outlet; atemperature sensor 22 is arranged inside theelectric pile 17 and used for detecting the temperature of water generated in theelectric pile 17; thetemperature sensor 22 is electrically connected with thecontroller 20; thehydrogen discharge valve 16 is used for discharging the hydrogen which is not completely reacted in theelectric pile 17 to the outside; thedrain valve 21 is used to drain water generated in thestack 17 to the outside; thehydrogen discharge valve 16 and thedrain valve 21 are electrically connected to thecontroller 20, respectively.
Theair compressor 1 is communicated with theelectric pile 17 through the air inlet; anintercooler 2, ahumidifier 3 and a reactorinlet air throttle 4 are sequentially arranged between theair compressor 1 and the air inlet; theair compressor 1 is communicated with theelectric pile 17 sequentially through theintercooler 2, thehumidifier 3, the pile-enteringair throttle 4 and the air inlet; theair compressor 1 is matched with theintercooler 2, thehumidifier 3, the stack-enteringthrottle valve 4 and the air inlet to cool the outside air and then transmit the cooled outside air to theelectric stack 17.
The stackoutlet air throttle 5 is communicated with the air outlet through ahumidifier 3; thestack outlet damper 5 is matched with thehumidifier 3 and thestack outlet damper 5 to humidify unreacted air in theelectric pile 17 through thehumidifier 3 and then discharge the air to the outside of theelectric pile 17.
Thehydrogen cylinder 10 is communicated with theelectric pile 17 through the hydrogen inlet; apressure reducing valve 11, a pile-enteringhydrogen valve 12 and aproportional valve 13 are arranged between thehydrogen cylinder 10 and the hydrogen inlet; the pile enteringhydrogen valve 12 is communicated with the hydrogen inlet sequentially through apressure reducing valve 11, the pile enteringhydrogen valve 12 and aproportional valve 13; thehydrogen circulating pump 14 is respectively communicated with the hydrogen outlet and the hydrogen inlet; a one-way valve 15 is arranged between thehydrogen circulating pump 14 and the hydrogen inlet; the one-way valve 15 is respectively communicated with thehydrogen circulating pump 14 and the hydrogen inlet; thehydrogen circulating pump 14 is matched with the one-way valve 15 to circulate the unreacted hydrogen in theelectric pile 17 to theelectric pile 17 through the hydrogen inlet.
Further, a first water inlet and a first water outlet are also arranged on thegalvanic pile 17; the thermostat 9 is provided with a second water inlet, a third water inlet and a second water outlet; thewater tank 6 is communicated with a water inlet of thewater pump 7 through theintercooler 2; the water outlet of thewater pump 7 is communicated with the second water inlet; the second water outlet is communicated with the first water inlet; the first water outlet is communicated with a water inlet of thewater pump 7, and cooling water in theelectric pile 17 is circulated to the water inlet of thewater pump 7; the water outlet of thewater pump 7 is also communicated with the third water inlet through aradiator 8; thewater tank 6 is communicated with the water outlet of thewater pump 7 through aradiator 8. The thermostat 9 can open the second water inlet and/or the third water inlet according to a preset temperature threshold; thewater pump 7 cools the water in thewater tank 6 through theintercooler 2 and then conveys the water to the second water inlet of theradiator 8 and the thermostat 9; part of the cooling water flowing through thewater pump 7 is further cooled through aradiator 8 and is conveyed to a third water inlet of the thermostat 9; the thermostat 9 detects the water temperatures of the cooling water of the second water inlet and the third water inlet, and determines to open the second water inlet and/or the third water inlet according to whether the water temperature of the cooling water is lower than a preset temperature threshold; the cooling water flowing through the second water outlet enters thegalvanic pile 17 through the first water inlet, so that thegalvanic pile 17 is cooled. At the same time, a small portion of the cooling water flowing through theradiator 8 flows back into thewater tank 6.
Referring to fig. 3 to 5, the control method of the fuel cell system of the hydrogen powered vehicle in the present embodiment includes the steps of:
starting a hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell system:
t1, thecontroller 20 judges whether a circuit of the hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell system has a fault; if the fault exists, entering a fault mode; and if no fault exists, controlling thewater pump 7 to be started.
Specifically, when thecontroller 20 determines that the circuit of the fuel cell system of the hydrogen energy automobile has a fault, alarm information including a buzzer or a warning mark may be sent to an instrument panel of the hydrogen energy automobile.
T2, thecontroller 20 controls thehydrogen discharge valve 16 and thedrain valve 21 to be fully opened, and controls thehydrogen circulation pump 14 to be opened.
The normal operation mode of thehydrogen discharge valve 16 and thedrain valve 21 is closed for a certain time and then opened for a certain time, thecontroller 20 controls the full open state of thehydrogen discharge valve 16 and thedrain valve 21, and thehydrogen discharge valve 16 and thedrain valve 21 are always in the open state.
The T3 and thecontroller 20 control thestack hydrogen valve 12 and theproportional valve 13 to open, and thehydrogen cylinder 10 supplies hydrogen to thegalvanic pile 17 through thepressure reducing valve 11, thestack hydrogen valve 12, theproportional valve 13 and the hydrogen inlet; the residual gas on the anode side in thestack 17 is replaced by the pressure generated at the moment of introducing hydrogen.
T4, when the opening time of thehydrogen valve 12 and theproportional valve 13 reaches a fifth preset threshold, thecontroller 20 controls the switching frequency of thehydrogen discharge valve 16 to be a sixth preset value and controls the switching frequency of thewater discharge valve 21 to be a seventh preset threshold; then controlling the stackinlet air throttle 4 and theair compressor 1 to be opened; in order to more clearly embody the solution of the present embodiment, the rotation speed of theair compressor 1 during normal operation is 20000r/min, and the rotation speeds of theair compressors 1 of different models during normal operation are different.
In this embodiment, the fifth preset threshold is 5 s; as a variation of this embodiment, the fifth preset threshold may also be 4s or 6 s.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the sixth preset value is closed for 12s and opened for 0.2s, that is, thehydrogen discharge valve 16 is closed for 12s first and then opened for 0.2s, which are performed alternately in sequence.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the seventh preset value is to close for 8s and open for 0.3s, that is, thedrain valve 21 is closed for 8s first and then opened for 0.3s, which are performed alternately in sequence.
The control method in the operation process of the hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell system comprises the following steps:
s1, thevoltage inspection module 18 detects the voltage value of each cell in thestack 17, and sends the voltage value to thecontroller 20.
S2, thecontroller 20 calculates and determines whether the average voltage value of the single battery in thestack 17 is smaller than a first preset threshold, and determines whether the voltage difference value of the single battery is larger than a second preset threshold; when the average voltage value of the single battery is smaller than a first preset threshold value or the voltage difference value of the single battery is larger than a second preset threshold value, thecontroller 20 controls the rotating speed of theair compressor 1 to be increased to a third preset threshold value, and water generated in theelectric pile 17 is blown to the outside of theelectric pile 17 through the air outlet by suddenly generating air disturbance; the phenomenon that the consistency of the voltage of the single battery is influenced by liquid water condensed due to excessive water vapor in theelectric pile 17 is prevented, and the performance attenuation of theelectric pile 17 is further slowed down.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the first preset threshold is 500 mV; the second preset threshold is 50 mV; as a variation of this embodiment, the first preset threshold may also be 550 mV; the second preset threshold may also be 45mV or 55 mV.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the third preset threshold is 22000 r/min; as a variation of this embodiment, the third preset threshold may also be 26000 r/min.
S3, when the time that theair compressor 1 operates at the third preset threshold reaches a fourth preset threshold and thecontroller 20 judges that the average voltage value of the single battery is smaller than the first preset threshold or the voltage difference value of the single battery is larger than the second preset threshold, thecontroller 20 controls the hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell system to stop working; therefore, when the problem of the consistency of the single batteries cannot be solved by increasing the rotating speed of theair compressor 1, the purpose of reducing the performance attenuation of theelectric pile 17 by closing the hydrogen energy automobile battery system is achieved.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the fourth preset threshold is 0.5 min; as a variation of this embodiment, the fourth preset threshold may also be 2.5 min.
Further, in step S3, thecontroller 20 controls the hydrogen-powered automobile fuel cell system to stop operating as follows:
p1, thecontroller 20 controls the input current of the DC-DC booster 19 to ensure that the average voltage of each single cell in theelectric pile 17 is maintained between 770 and 830 mV; thecontroller 20 controls the switching frequency of thehydrogen discharge valve 16 to be an eighth preset threshold value, controls the switching frequency of thewater discharge valve 21 to be a ninth preset threshold value, and then controls the rotation speed of theair compressor 1 to be increased to a tenth preset threshold value.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the eighth preset threshold is closed for 8s and opened for 0.3s, that is, the exhaust valve is closed for 8s first and then opened for 0.3s, which are performed alternately in sequence.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the ninth preset threshold is closed for 4s and opened for 0.3s, that is, thedrain valve 21 is closed for 4s first and then opened for 0.3s, which are performed alternately in sequence; as a variation of this embodiment, the ninth preset threshold may also be closed for 6s and opened for 0.3s, that is, thedrain valve 21 is closed for 6s first and then opened for 0.3s, which are performed alternately in sequence.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the tenth preset threshold is 25000 r/min; the tenth preset threshold may be 26000r/min as a variation of this embodiment.
P2, when the time for which theair compressor 1 is operated at the tenth preset threshold reaches the eleventh preset threshold, thecontroller 20 controls the output-input current of the DC-DC booster 19 to 0, and then controls the DC-DC booster 19 to turn off.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the eleventh preset threshold is 1.5 min; as a variation of this embodiment, the first preset threshold may also be 2 min.
P3,controller 20controls air compressor 1, in-stack damper 4, and out-stack damper 5 to close.
P4, when thecontroller 20 calculates and judges that the average voltage value of the single batteries is less than the twelfth preset threshold, thecontroller 20 controls thehydrogen circulation pump 14, thehydrogen discharge valve 16 and thedrain valve 21 to close.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the twelfth preset threshold is 180 mV; the twelfth preset threshold may be 220mV as a modification of this embodiment.
P5,controller 20 controls pilehydrogen valve 12 andproportional valve 13 to close.
P6, when thecontroller 20 judges that the temperature of the water in thecell stack 17 is lower than the thirteenth preset threshold, thewater pump 7 and theradiator 8 are controlled to be turned off.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the thirteenth preset threshold is 20 ℃; as a variation of this embodiment, the thirteenth preset threshold may also be 45 ℃.
In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell system of a hydrogen energy automobile is characterized by comprising an electric pile, an air compressor, a pile outlet air throttle, a hydrogen cylinder, a voltage inspection module and a controller;
the electric pile is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet, a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, a hydrogen discharge valve and a drain valve; the stack outlet throttle valve is communicated with the air outlet;
the air compressor is communicated with the electric pile through the air inlet; a reactor inlet throttle valve is arranged between the air compressor and the air inlet; the reactor inlet throttle valve is communicated with the air compressor and the air inlet respectively;
the hydrogen cylinder is communicated with the electric pile through the hydrogen inlet; a pile-entering hydrogen valve is arranged between the hydrogen cylinder and the hydrogen inlet; the pile-entering hydrogen valve is respectively communicated with the hydrogen cylinder and the hydrogen inlet;
the controller is respectively electrically connected with the air compressor, the reactor inlet air throttle, the reactor outlet air throttle, the reactor inlet hydrogen valve and the voltage inspection module; the voltage inspection module is used for detecting the voltage of each single battery in the galvanic pile.
2. The hydrogen powered automotive fuel cell system of claim 1, further comprising an intercooler; the intercooler is arranged between the air compressor and the air inlet; the air compressor is communicated with the air inlet through the intercooler.
3. The hydrogen-powered automotive fuel cell system of claim 1, further comprising a humidifier; the humidifier is disposed between the air compressor and the air intake; the air compressor is communicated with the air inlet through the humidifier; the stack outlet throttle valve is communicated with the air outlet through the humidifier.
4. The hydrogen-powered automotive fuel cell system of claim 1, further comprising a hydrogen circulation pump; the hydrogen circulating pump is electrically connected with the controller; the hydrogen circulating pump is respectively communicated with the hydrogen outlet and the hydrogen inlet; a one-way valve is arranged between the hydrogen circulating pump and the hydrogen inlet; the one-way valve is respectively communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump and the hydrogen inlet; the hydrogen circulating pump is matched with the one-way valve and used for circulating the unreacted hydrogen in the galvanic pile to the galvanic pile through the hydrogen inlet.
5. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein a pressure reducing valve is further disposed between the hydrogen cylinder and the stack hydrogen valve; the pressure reducing valve is respectively communicated with the hydrogen cylinder and the pile-entering hydrogen valve.
6. The hydrogen-energy automobile fuel cell system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a proportional valve is further arranged between the stack-entering hydrogen valve and the hydrogen inlet; the proportional valve is respectively communicated with the hydrogen inlet and the pile entering hydrogen valve; the proportional valve is electrically connected with the controller.
7. The hydrogen-powered automotive fuel cell system of claim 2, further comprising a water tank, and a water pump; the galvanic pile is also provided with a first water inlet and a first water outlet; the water tank is communicated with a water inlet of the water pump through the intercooler; the water outlet of the water pump is communicated with the first water inlet; the water outlet of the water pump is also communicated with the water tank; the first water outlet is communicated with a water inlet of the water pump; the water pump is electrically connected with the controller.
8. A control method of a hydrogen-powered automotive fuel cell system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, the voltage inspection module detects the voltage value of each single battery in the galvanic pile and sends the voltage value to the controller;
s2, judging whether the average voltage value of the single battery is smaller than a first preset threshold value or not by the controller, and judging whether the voltage difference value of the single battery is larger than a second preset threshold value or not; when the average voltage value of the single batteries is smaller than a first preset threshold value or the voltage difference value of the single batteries is larger than a second preset threshold value, the controller controls the rotating speed of the air compressor to be increased to a third preset threshold value;
and S3, when the time that the air compressor runs at the third preset threshold reaches a fourth preset threshold and the controller judges that the average voltage value of the single battery is smaller than the first preset threshold or the voltage difference value of the single battery is larger than the second preset threshold, controlling the hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell system to stop working by the controller.
9. The method for controlling a fuel cell system of a hydrogen-powered vehicle according to claim 8, further comprising a step of starting up the fuel cell system of the hydrogen-powered vehicle before step S1; the starting-up steps are as follows:
t1, the controller judges whether a circuit of the hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell system has a fault; if the fault exists, entering a fault mode; if the fault does not exist, the water pump is controlled to be started;
t2, the controller controls the hydrogen discharge valve and the drain valve to be fully opened and controls the hydrogen circulating pump to be opened;
t3, controlling the stack hydrogen valve and the proportional valve to open by the controller;
t4, when the opening time of the pile-entering hydrogen valve and the proportional valve reaches a fifth preset threshold value, the controller controls the switching frequency of the hydrogen discharge valve to be a sixth preset value and controls the switching frequency of the water discharge valve to be a seventh preset threshold value; and then controlling the reactor inlet throttle valve and the air compressor to be opened.
10. The method of controlling a fuel cell system of a hydrogen-powered vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the controller controls the hydrogen-powered vehicle fuel cell system to stop operating in step S3 as follows:
p1, the controller controls the input current of the DC-DC booster so that the average voltage of each single battery in the electric pile is maintained between 770 and 830 mV; the controller controls the switching frequency of the hydrogen discharge valve to be an eighth preset threshold value, controls the switching frequency of the water discharge valve to be a ninth preset threshold value, and then controls the rotating speed of the air compressor to be increased to a tenth preset threshold value;
p2, when the time of the air compressor running at the tenth preset threshold reaches an eleventh preset threshold, the controller controls the output and input current of the DC-DC booster to be 0, and then controls the DC-DC booster to be turned off;
p3, the controller controlling the air compressor, the in-stack damper and the out-stack damper to close;
p4, when the controller judges that the average voltage value of the single battery is smaller than a twelfth preset threshold value, the controller controls a hydrogen circulating pump, a hydrogen discharge valve and a drain valve to be closed;
p5, the controller controls the pile-entering hydrogen valve and the proportional valve to be closed;
and P6, when the controller judges that the temperature of the water in the galvanic pile is lower than a thirteenth preset threshold value, controlling a water pump and a radiator to be closed.
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