CN112542631A - Battery thermal management system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery thermal management system which comprises a battery module, a heating mechanism for heating the battery module, and an air cooling mechanism for reducing the temperature of the battery module, wherein the battery module comprises a plurality of transversely arranged battery components and a spacing adjusting mechanism. The battery thermal management system provided by the invention has two modes of heat dissipation and heating heat preservation, when the temperature of the battery module is overheated, the heat dissipation mode is started, the distance between two adjacent battery assemblies is enlarged by the distance adjusting mechanism, an air flow channel is formed between the two adjacent battery assemblies, and the air cooling mechanism conducts ventilation and heat dissipation on the battery assemblies, so that the occurrence of thermal runaway and the expansion of the thermal runaway are effectively inhibited. When the temperature of the battery module is too low, a heating and heat-preserving mode is started, the heating mechanism heats the battery module through warm air, and all battery assemblies are mutually attached to form heat preservation, so that the battery assemblies work at normal working condition temperature; the smooth and reliable starting and driving of the automobile are ensured.

Description

Battery thermal management system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of battery heat dissipation of power automobiles, in particular to a battery heat management system.

Background

The battery is one of important parts of a new energy automobile, but the thermal runaway problem of the battery causes serious accidents of fire and explosion of many automobiles, and the main reason is that the thermal runaway of a single battery is caused, and heat is transmitted to peripheral batteries, so that the thermal runaway of the whole battery pack is caused, and the damage is increased. At present, a battery thermal management system is relatively single to inhibit the expansion of thermal runaway, so that heat is prevented from being transmitted to surrounding batteries, or the heat dissipation rate is increased, and the heat is transmitted to the outside more quickly. However, the method has the problems that only the suppression of the propagation of thermal runaway is considered, heat cannot be transferred to the outside, the battery is continuously overheated, and accidents such as electric fire and the like are caused; if only quick heat dissipation is considered, the temperature of the battery can be rapidly reduced in cold weather in winter, so that the temperature of the battery is too low, and the automobile is difficult to start or even cannot be started.

It is seen that improvements and enhancements to the prior art are needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a battery thermal management system, which aims to adjust the temperature of a battery to a normal working condition temperature under the condition that the temperature of the battery is too low or too high.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a battery thermal management system, includes the battery module, be used for detecting the temperature sensor of battery module temperature, be used for heating the heating mechanism of battery module, be used for reducing the forced air cooling mechanism of battery module temperature the battery module includes a plurality of transverse arrangement's battery pack, interval adjustment mechanism hugs closely or separates two adjacent battery packs each other, temperature sensor, heating mechanism, forced air cooling mechanism, interval adjustment mechanism all pass through controller control work.

The battery component comprises a battery monomer and phase change material blocks arranged on the front end face and the rear end face of the battery monomer.

The distance adjusting mechanism comprises a driving mechanism and a spring for connecting two adjacent single batteries; the battery pack located at the forefront is fixedly arranged, and the driving mechanism is used for driving the battery pack located at the rearmost to be close to or far away from the battery pack located at the forefront.

The driving mechanism comprises a driving motor fixedly arranged at the rear part of the battery component, a gear sleeved on an output shaft of the driving motor and a rack extending forwards and backwards; one end of the rack is fixedly connected with the battery component positioned at the rearmost part, and the rack is in meshing transmission with the gear.

The battery thermal management system further comprises an in-place sensor, and the in-place sensor is used for detecting whether the rack moves in place.

The battery pack is characterized in that a guide rail extending from front to back is arranged at the bottom of the battery module, the battery pack further comprises an upper positioning clamping block arranged at the top of the battery monomer and the top of the phase-change material block, and a lower positioning clamping block arranged at the bottom of the battery monomer and the bottom of the phase-change material block, and the lower positioning clamping block is connected with the guide rail in a sliding manner.

The battery module is disposed in an interior cavity of a housing.

The heating mechanism comprises a warm air channel, a heater arranged in the warm air channel and a first electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of the warm air channel, one end of the warm air channel is communicated with the inner cavity of the shell, a first blower is arranged at the other end of the warm air channel, and the heater is arranged between the first blower and the first electromagnetic valve.

The air cooling mechanism comprises a forced air cooling channel and a second electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of the forced air cooling channel, one end of the forced air cooling channel is communicated with the inner cavity of the shell, and a second blower is arranged at the other end of the forced air cooling channel; the shell is further communicated with a heat dissipation channel, and an exhaust fan is arranged at the free end of the heat dissipation channel.

The air cooling mechanism further comprises a cold air channel and a third electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of the cold air channel, one end of the cold air channel is communicated with the inner cavity of the shell, and the other end of the cold air channel is connected with a cold air pipeline of an automobile air conditioning system.

Has the advantages that:

compared with the prior art, the battery thermal management system provided by the invention has two modes of heat dissipation and heating heat preservation, when the temperature of the battery module is overheated, the heat dissipation mode is started, the distance between two adjacent battery components is enlarged by the distance adjusting mechanism, an air flow channel is formed between two adjacent battery components, the air cooling mechanism is controlled by the controller to ventilate and dissipate the battery components, so that the dissipated heat from the side part of the battery components is taken away and transmitted to the outside when air flows pass through the air flow channel, a better heat dissipation effect is achieved, and the occurrence of thermal runaway and the expansion of the thermal runaway are effectively inhibited. When the temperature of the battery module is too low, a heating and heat-preserving mode is started, the heating mechanism heats the battery module through warm air, and all battery assemblies are mutually attached to form heat preservation, so that the battery assemblies work at normal working condition temperature; the smooth and reliable starting and driving of the automobile are ensured.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery thermal management system provided in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of battery components attached to each other in the battery thermal management system provided by the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a distance adjusting mechanism for controlling the separation of battery components in the battery thermal management system provided by the invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic connection diagram of a plurality of battery assemblies in the battery thermal management system provided in the present invention.

Fig. 5 is an exploded view of a battery assembly in the thermal management system for a battery according to the present invention.

Description of the main element symbols: the system comprises abattery module 1, atemperature sensor 2, aheating mechanism 3, an air cooling mechanism 4, abattery assembly 5, acontroller 7, abattery monomer 51, a phase-change material block 52, aspring 61, adriving motor 62, agear 63, arack 64, aguide rail 53, an upperpositioning clamp block 54, a lowerpositioning clamp block 55, a forcedair cooling channel 41, a secondelectromagnetic valve 42, asecond blower 43, aheat dissipation channel 44, anexhaust fan 45, acold air channel 46, a thirdelectromagnetic valve 47, acold air pipeline 48 of the automobile air conditioning system, awarm air channel 31, aheater 32, a firstelectromagnetic valve 33 and afirst air blower 34.

Detailed Description

The present invention provides a battery thermal management system, and in order to make the objects, technical solutions, and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a battery module including abattery module 1, atemperature sensor 2 for detecting a temperature of thebattery module 1, aheating mechanism 3 for heating thebattery module 1, and an air cooling mechanism 4 for reducing the temperature of thebattery module 1, wherein thebattery module 1 includes a plurality ofbattery modules 5 arranged in a transverse direction, and a distance adjusting mechanism, the distance adjusting mechanism tightly attaches or separates twoadjacent battery modules 5 to each other, and thetemperature sensor 2, theheating mechanism 3, the air cooling mechanism 4, and the distance adjusting mechanism are controlled by acontroller 7 to operate.

The automobile is at the normal driving in-process, andadjacent battery pack 5 hugs closely each other,battery pack 5 in thebattery module 1 constantly does work and generates heat at the course of the work, in order to avoidbattery pack 5 overheated, the temperature oftemperature sensor 2 dynamicverification battery module 1 carries out ventilation and heat dissipation tobattery pack 5 throughcontroller 7 control forced air cooling mechanism 4, makes the temperature ofbattery module 1 maintain in the best temperature interval. When thetemperature sensor 2 detects that the temperature of thebattery assembly 5 is too high (exceeds a set dangerous high temperature value), the distance adjusting mechanism enlarges the distance between twoadjacent battery assemblies 5, namely, twoadjacent battery assemblies 5 are separated, an air flow channel is formed between twoadjacent battery assemblies 5, at the moment, the air cooling mechanism 4 is controlled by thecontroller 7 to ventilate and radiate thebattery assemblies 5, so that the radiated heat from the side parts of thebattery assemblies 5 is taken away when air flows pass through the air flow channel and is transmitted to the outside, a better radiating effect is achieved, and the occurrence of thermal runaway and the expansion of the thermal runaway are effectively inhibited. In cold weather in winter, although theadjacent battery assemblies 5 are tightly attached to each other, thebattery module 1 is cooled too fast by external cold air, so that the temperature of the battery is too low, and the situation that the automobile is difficult to start or even cannot be started is caused; theheating mechanism 3 heats thebattery module 1 through warm air, and the battery modules are mutually attached to form heat preservation, so that thebattery module 5 works at normal working condition temperature; the smooth and reliable starting and driving of the automobile are ensured.

Thecontroller 7 is preferably a single chip microcomputer.

Specifically, referring to fig. 4, thebattery assembly 5 includes abattery cell 51 and phasechange material blocks 52 disposed on front and rear end surfaces of thebattery cell 51. When the battery pack is charged and discharged, eachbattery monomer 51 generates a large amount of electrochemical reaction heat and joule heat to gradually raise the surface temperature of the battery, and if the temperature at this time exceeds the melting point temperature of the phase-change material block 52, the phase-change material block 52 starts to generate phase change, and a large amount of latent heat is absorbed through phase change from a solid state to a liquid state, so that the temperature rise of the battery pack is well slowed down, and the battery pack is prevented from being overheated.

In the present embodiment, the phase-change material block 52 includes paraffin, graphene powder, and a flexible polyurethane foam copper material. The phase-change material block 52 is manufactured by adding graphene powder into molten paraffin in a liquid state, uniformly mixing, then pressurizing and filling the mixture into the soft polyurethane foam copper, leveling the upper and lower surfaces of a sample after cooling and solidification, and finally manufacturing the phase-change material block 52.

Further, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the distance adjusting mechanism includes a driving mechanism, aspring 61 connecting twoadjacent battery cells 51; thebattery assembly 5 located at the forefront is fixedly arranged, and the driving mechanism is used for driving thebattery assembly 5 located at the rearmost to be close to or far away from thebattery assembly 5 located at the forefront. In the initial state, due to the tensile force of thespring 61, the side portions of twoadjacent battery assemblies 5 are tightly attached to each other, that is, twobattery cells 51 sandwich two phasechange material blocks 52, and the two phasechange material blocks 52 are tightly attached to each other without a gap. The maximum stretching amount of thesprings 61 determines the distance between two adjacent battery assemblies 5 (i.e. the width of the air channel), when the temperature is too high, the driving mechanism pulls therearmost battery assembly 5 away from thefrontmost battery assembly 5, and thebattery assembly 5 between thefrontmost battery assembly 5 and therearmost battery assembly 5 is also pulled by the traction force to move towards the rear, until all thesprings 61 reach the maximum stretching amount, the driving mechanism stops pulling, and twoadjacent battery assemblies 5 are separated to form the air channel.

In this embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the driving mechanism includes adriving motor 62 fixed at the rear of thebattery assembly 5, agear 63 sleeved on an output shaft of thedriving motor 62, and arack 64 extending forward and backward; one end of therack 64 is fixedly connected with thebattery pack 5 positioned at the rearmost part, and therack 64 is meshed with thegear 63 for transmission. That is, thedriving motor 62 rotates to drive theadjacent battery modules 5 to be separated through the transmission of thegear 63 and therack 64, and eachbattery module 5 can move smoothly due to the high transmission stability of thegear 63 and therack 64. In order to ensure the accurate moving direction of therack 64, the bottom of therack 64 is slidably connected with theguide rail 53.

Further, referring to fig. 2 and 3, in order to better control the moving stroke of therack 64 and prevent thedriving motor 62 from overloading, aposition sensor 68 is disposed behind therack 64, and when therack 64 triggers the position sensor, therack 64 is moved to the position. Theposition sensor 68 may be a travel switch or a photoelectric switch.

In another embodiment, the driving mechanism comprises an electric push rod, a connecting frame fixedly arranged on thebattery pack 5 positioned at the rearmost part; the output end of the electric push rod is connected with the connecting frame. The distance between theadjacent battery components 5 is enlarged by driving the electric push rod to extend out under the transmission of the connecting frame.

Further, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the bottom of thebattery module 1 is provided with aguide rail 53 extending forward and backward, thebattery assembly 5 further includes an upperpositioning clamping block 54 disposed on the top of thebattery cell 51 and the phasechange material block 52, and a lowerpositioning clamping block 55 disposed on the bottom of thebattery cell 51 and the phasechange material block 52, and the lowerpositioning clamping block 55 is slidably connected with theguide rail 53. Through the mutual matching of the upper positioning clamping block and the lowerpositioning clamping block 55, the two phase change material blocks 52 clamp thebattery monomer 51 together to form a whole, and the side end faces of the phasechange material blocks 52 are tightly attached to the side faces of thebattery monomer 51, so that good heat conductivity is formed. In addition, thebattery pack 5 can move more stably and reliably due to the sliding connection between the lowerpositioning clamping block 55 and theguide rail 53. Preferably, thelower positioning block 55 is formed in a shape that cannot be detached from theguide rail 53, so that thebattery module 1 is always kept in a standing state during operation and does not tilt.

In order to form an installation gap for thespring 61, the phase-change material block 52 is in a shape of a Chinese character 'tu', that is, the phase-change material block comprises a plate body and wing plates arranged on the upper and lower sides of the plate body, the wing plates are clamped by the upperpositioning clamping block 54 and thelower positioning block 55, two adjacent upperpositioning clamping blocks 54 are connected through the spring, and two adjacent lowerpositioning clamping blocks 55 are connected through thespring 61.

Preferably, the battery module is disposed in an interior cavity of one of thehousings 8. The casing can carry out mechanical protection tobattery pack 5 on the one hand, guarantees electrical insulation, and on the other hand the casing realizes keeping warm tobattery pack 5 afterheating mechanism 3 heats.

Specifically, referring to fig. 1, theheating mechanism 3 includes awarm air channel 31, aheater 32 disposed in thewarm air channel 31, and a firstelectromagnetic valve 33 for controlling on/off of thewarm air channel 31, one end of thewarm air channel 31 is communicated with an inner cavity of the housing, the other end is provided with afirst blower 34, and theheater 32 is disposed between thefirst blower 34 and the firstelectromagnetic valve 33. Whentemperature sensor 2 detects thatbattery module 1 temperature is low excessively,controller 7control heater 32,first blower 34 work to controlfirst solenoid valve 33 and open, other solenoid valves are closed, andfirst blower 34 blows the warm braw to 8 inner chambers of casing, thereby heatingbattery pack 5, eachbattery pack 5 hugs closely each other this moment, phasechange material block 52parcel battery monomer 51's both sides face reduces the heat dissipation capacity of battery, realizes the heating heat preservation effect, avoids crossing low because ofbattery module 1 temperature, causes the condition that starts the difficulty or even can't start.

Preferably, theheater 32 may be a heating wire or a heating resistor.

Further, referring to fig. 1, the air cooling mechanism 4 includes a forcedair cooling channel 41 and a secondelectromagnetic valve 42 for controlling the on-off of the forcedair cooling channel 41, one end of the forcedair cooling channel 41 is communicated with the inner cavity of the housing, and the other end is provided with asecond blower 43; thehousing 8 is also in communication with aheat dissipation channel 44, and anexhaust fan 45 is provided at the free end of theheat dissipation channel 44. During the normal running process of the automobile, thecontroller 7 controls the secondelectromagnetic valve 42 to be opened and controls thesecond blower 43 and theexhaust fan 45 to work according to the feedback information of thetemperature sensor 2, so that the outside air flow enters the inner cavity of the shell through the forcedair cooling channel 41, the heat of thebattery assembly 5 is taken away to form air cooling heat dissipation, and then the air flow is discharged from theheat dissipation channel 44. The battery module is heated or cooled by the air cooling mechanism 4, so that the temperature of the battery is kept in the optimal working range, the thermal uniformity of eachbattery assembly 5 is improved, and the power performance and the service life of the battery are improved.

Further, referring to fig. 1, the air cooling mechanism 4 further includes acold air channel 46 and a thirdelectromagnetic valve 47 for controlling on/off of thecold air channel 46, one end of thecold air channel 46 is communicated with the inner cavity of the housing, and the other end of thecold air channel 46 is connected with acold air pipe 48 of an automobile air conditioning system. When the temperature of thebattery module 1 is too high, in order to more rapidly reduce the temperature of thebattery module 1 and inhibit the occurrence of thermal runaway and the expansion of the thermal runaway, the distance adjusting mechanism not only increases the distance betweenadjacent battery assemblies 5 to form an air channel, thecontroller 7 also controls the thirdelectromagnetic valve 47 to be opened, other electromagnetic valves to be closed, and controls the automobile air conditioning system and theexhaust fan 45 to work, and the automobile air conditioning system outputs cold air to be transmitted into the inner cavity of theshell 8 through thecold air channel 46, and the cold air better flows around eachbattery assembly 5 due to the fact that eachbattery assembly 5 is separated from each other, so that the phase-change material blocks 52 on the two sides of thebattery monomer 51 are cooled and radiated to the maximum extent, and therefore the heat exchange effect of thebattery assemblies 5 is improved, and finally the heat is exhausted from the radiating pipeline.

In summary, the thermal management system has three temperature control modes of normal heat dissipation, high-temperature heat dissipation and heat preservation; in a normal heat dissipation mode, the forcedair cooling channel 41 is opened, thebattery assemblies 5 are tightly attached to each other, and heat of thebattery assemblies 5 is taken away in a mode of convection with the outside; under the high temperature heat dissipation mode, on the one hand the characteristics of the high latent heat of make full use of phase change material, phasechange material block 52 absorbs a large amount of heats that the battery produced, realizes battery rapid cooling, and on the other handcold wind passageway 46 is opened, and interval adjustment mechanism pulls open the interval of twoadjacent battery pack 5, and air conditioning gets into the casing inner chamber, cools off heat dissipation to phasechange material block 52 andbattery monomer 51 to battery temperature in time is external with the heat discharge. The heat preservation mode is generally applied to in winter under the cold weather, and warmbraw passageway 31 is opened, lets in hot-air, realizes the battery heating, and the back that finishes heats closes warmbraw passageway 31 again, makes this thermal management system be in under the heat preservation mode, and the battery works under good operating mode temperature, avoids the temperature of battery to descend rapidly, leads to the battery temperature to hang down excessively to the condition that the automobile start difficulty even can't start takes place. Therefore, the heat management system not only realizes the functions of normal heat dissipation and rapid heat dissipation of the battery, effectively inhibits the occurrence of thermal runaway and thermal runaway expansion, but also realizes the functions of heating and heat preservation, and provides the safety of the whole vehicle.

It should be understood that equivalents and modifications of the technical solution and inventive concept thereof may occur to those skilled in the art, and all such modifications and alterations should fall within the protective scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a battery thermal management system, its characterized in that includes the battery module, is used for detecting the temperature sensor of battery module temperature, is used for heating the heating mechanism of battery module, is used for reducing the air-cooled mechanism of battery module temperature the battery module includes a plurality of transverse arrangement's battery pack, interval adjustment mechanism hugs closely or separates two adjacent battery packs each other, temperature sensor, heating mechanism, air-cooled mechanism, interval adjustment mechanism all control work through the controller.

2. The battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the battery assembly comprises a battery cell, and blocks of phase change material disposed on front and back faces of the battery cell.

3. The battery thermal management system of claim 2, wherein the spacing adjustment mechanism comprises a drive mechanism, a spring connecting two adjacent battery cells; the battery pack located at the forefront is fixedly arranged, and the driving mechanism is used for driving the battery pack located at the rearmost to be close to or far away from the battery pack located at the forefront.

4. The battery thermal management system of claim 3, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a driving motor fixedly arranged at the rear of the battery assembly, a gear sleeved on an output shaft of the driving motor, and a rack extending back and forth; one end of the rack is fixedly connected with the battery component positioned at the rearmost part, and the rack is in meshing transmission with the gear.

5. The battery thermal management system of claim 4, further comprising an in-position sensor for detecting whether the rack is moved into position.

6. The battery thermal management system of any of claims 1-5, wherein the bottom of the battery module is provided with a guide rail extending back and forth, the battery assembly further comprises an upper positioning clamp block disposed on the top of the battery cell and the block of phase change material, and a lower positioning clamp block disposed on the bottom of the battery cell and the block of phase change material, the lower positioning clamp block being slidably connected to the guide rail.

7. The battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the battery module is disposed in an interior cavity of a housing.

8. The battery thermal management system according to claim 7, wherein the heating mechanism comprises a warm air channel, a heater arranged in the warm air channel, and a first electromagnetic valve for controlling on-off of the warm air channel, one end of the warm air channel is communicated with the inner cavity of the housing, the other end of the warm air channel is provided with a first blower, and the heater is arranged between the first blower and the first electromagnetic valve.

9. The battery thermal management system according to claim 8, wherein the air cooling mechanism comprises a forced air cooling channel and a second electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of the forced air cooling channel, one end of the forced air cooling channel is communicated with the inner cavity of the shell, and the other end of the forced air cooling channel is provided with a second blower; the shell is further communicated with a heat dissipation channel, and an exhaust fan is arranged at the free end of the heat dissipation channel.

10. The battery thermal management system according to claim 9, wherein the air cooling mechanism further comprises a cold air channel and a third electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of the cold air channel, one end of the cold air channel is communicated with the inner cavity of the housing, and the other end of the cold air channel is connected with a cold air pipeline of an automobile air conditioning system.

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