CN112505920A - Miniaturized short-distance optical system - Google Patents
Miniaturized short-distance optical systemDownload PDFInfo
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- CN112505920A CN112505920ACN201910872862.6ACN201910872862ACN112505920ACN 112505920 ACN112505920 ACN 112505920ACN 201910872862 ACN201910872862 ACN 201910872862ACN 112505920 ACN112505920 ACN 112505920A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an optical system, and more particularly to a miniaturized short-distance optical system applicable to a head-mounted display.
Background
A Head-mounted display (Head-mounted display) is a device for displaying images and colors, and is usually in the form of an eye mask or a helmet, in which a display screen is placed close to the eyes of a user, and a focal length is adjusted through an optical path to project pictures to the eyes in a short distance, so as to generate a virtual reality effect and increase the sense of presence of the wearer.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical system of a virtual reality head-mounted display, in which adisplay screen 10 projects an image, and the image passes through an optical path with an optical path length d and then enters an optical module 23, the optical module 23 is a single lens or a combination of a plurality of lenses, and is used to guide the image into ahuman eye 24 of a user, assuming that the optical path length d is 40mm, and the length of the head-mounted display is the optical path length d plus the thickness, eye distance, and housing of the optical module, and the sum of the optical path length d and the thickness, eye distance, and housing of the optical module is slightly heavy for an eye mask and a helmet worn on the head, and the burden on the nose bridge, the top of the head, and the neck of the user cannot be worn for a long time.
Therefore, the present invention provides a miniaturized short-distance optical system, which can shorten the distance of the optical system and further expand the field of view, so as to effectively solve the above problems, and the specific structure and the implementation thereof will be described in detail later.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a miniaturized short-distance optical system, wherein optical elements such as a reflective polarizer, a phase retarder, a partially transmissive partially reflective element, etc. are disposed between the front of a display screen and an optical module, and the optical paths with similar or identical lengths are achieved by phase retardation and multiple reflections of light, so as to shorten the distance between the display screen and the optical module, and finally, the miniaturized head-mounted display can be used.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a miniaturized short-distance optical system, wherein a single lens is disposed on any one side of any one of the reflective polarizer, the first phase retarder, the partially transmissive partially reflective element, the second phase retarder and the linearly polarizing plate, so as to achieve the purpose of miniaturization under the premise of adjusting the focal length.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a miniaturized short-distance optical system, which can be applied to a wide-angle lens or a wide-angle eyepiece of a head-mounted display, a game machine, etc. and can maximally shorten the thickness of the device by using only a single lens for focus adjustment, thereby achieving the advantages of short distance, large field of view, and good aberration correction.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a miniaturized short-distance optical system, comprising: a display screen for outputting images and emitting polarized or unpolarized light; a reflective polarizing element arranged corresponding to the display screen for partially transmitting and partially reflecting the light; a first phase retarder disposed corresponding to the reflective polarizer for receiving the light partially transmitted through the reflective polarizer and performing a first phase retardation; a partial transmission partial reflection element corresponding to the first phase retardation plate, so that the light beam after the first phase retardation partially penetrates the partial transmission partial reflection element, and partially reflects back to the first phase retardation plate for the second and third phase retardation; at least one optical element, which is arranged corresponding to the partial penetration partial reflection element, receives the light which penetrates the partial penetration partial reflection element and passes through the second and third phase delays, performs the fourth phase delay, and allows the light which passes through the fourth phase delay to pass through but the light which passes through the two phase delays cannot pass through; and a lens, which is arranged on any side of any one element of the reflective polarization element, the first phase retarder, the partial transmission partial reflection element and the optical element so as to adjust the focal length and guide the image into at least one human eye.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the display screen and the lens and the human eye may further comprise one to more than one flat glass.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the optical element includes: a second phase delay plate, which is arranged corresponding to the partial transmission partial reflection element, receives the light which partially penetrates the partial transmission partial reflection element and passes through the second and third time phase delays, and carries out the fourth time phase delay; and a linear polarizer disposed corresponding to the second phase retarder, the linear polarizer being configured to let the light delayed by the second phase retarder not pass through, and let the light delayed by the fourth phase retarder pass through.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the optical element is a circularly polarizing plate.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the light reflected by the partially transmissive partially reflective element back to the first phase retarder passes through the first phase retarder after passing through the second phase retardation of the first phase retarder, reaches the reflective polarizer, and is reflected by the reflective polarizer, so that the light is reflected back to the first phase retarder again and is subjected to the third phase retardation, and then passes through the first phase retarder and the partially transmissive partially reflective element to reach the second phase retarder, and the lens may be disposed on any side of any one of the second phase retarder and the linear polarizer.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first, second, third, and fourth phase delays are increased by phase delays of 1/4 odd multiples of the wavelength, so that the light reaching the human eye is delayed by an integer multiple of one wavelength.
According to the embodiment of the invention, when the light sent out by the display screen and entering the reflective polarizing element is polarized light, the light can be linearly polarized light, circularly polarized light or other polarized states, and at least one linear polarizer, circular polarizer or phase retarder can be added between the display screen and the reflective polarizing element according to the polarization condition of the display screen to adjust the polarization state of the display screen, and the added material can be a film material or an optical coating and the like and is arranged on the display screen or the reflective polarizing element in a coating, film coating or bonding mode. The linearly polarized light can be converted into left circularly polarized light or right circularly polarized light after passing through the first phase retarder.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the radius of the visual range of the display screen is H, the total length of the optical system is TTL, the distance from the eye to the center of the surface of the nearest element of the optical system is E, the half-field angle of the optical system is omega, and then
And is
And is
According to an embodiment of the invention, the optical system has an effective focal length F and the lens has a radius of curvature R on the side closer to the eye1The radius of curvature of the side near the display screen is R2，
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path between a display screen of a head-mounted display and a human eye in the prior art.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a miniaturized short-range optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of an embodiment of the miniaturized short-range optical system of the present invention
Fig. 4A to 4C are flowcharts illustrating steps of the miniaturized short-distance optical system according to the present invention.
Fig. 5A to 5C are schematic diagrams of different configurations of a single lens in the miniaturized short-distance optical system according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 10-a display screen; 12-a reflective polarizing element; 14-a first phase retarder; 16-partially transmissive partially reflective element; 18 a second phase delay plate; 20-linear polarizer; 22-a lens; 23-an optical module; 24-human eye; 26-plate glass.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a miniaturized short-distance optical system, which is applied to a head-mounted display, in particular to a virtual reality system of the head-mounted display.
Please refer to fig. 2 and fig. 3, which are a schematic diagram and an exploded view of an embodiment of a miniaturized short-distance optical system according to the present invention, in which areflective polarizer 12, a first phase retarder 14, a partially transmissive partiallyreflective element 16, a second phase retarder 18, alinear polarizer 20, and alens 22 are sequentially disposed between adisplay screen 10 and at least onehuman eye 24, wherein thedisplay screen 10 outputs an image and emits light, which is polarized light or unpolarized light, and when the light is polarized light, the polarized light may be linearly polarized light, circularly polarized light, or other polarization states, in this embodiment, the light is linearly polarized light, and further, the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light in this embodiment is perpendicular to the optical path; thereflective polarization component 12 is arranged corresponding to thedisplay screen 10, receives the polarized light emitted by thedisplay screen 10, and partially penetrates and partially reflects the polarized light, and particularly, thereflective polarization component 12 adopted by the invention comprises two polarization directions which are vertical and parallel to a light path, so that the vertical polarized light can penetrate and the horizontal polarized light can be reflected; thefirst phase retarder 14 is disposed corresponding to thereflective polarizer 12, and is configured to receive the polarized light partially transmitted from thereflective polarizer 12, and perform first, second, and third phase retardations, wherein the polarized light of the first and third phase retardations is directed toward thehuman eye 24, and the polarized light of the second phase retardation is directed toward thedisplay screen 10; the partially-transmitting partially-reflectingelement 16 is disposed corresponding to the firstphase retardation plate 14, receives the light passing through the firstphase retardation plate 14, partially reflects and partially transmits the light passing through; the secondphase retardation plate 18 is disposed corresponding to the partially-transmissive partially-reflective element 16, receives the light partially transmitted through the partially-transmissive partially-reflective element 16, and performs a fourth phase retardation; alinear polarizer 20 is disposed corresponding to thesecond phase retarder 18, thelinear polarizer 20 is configured to let the polarized light with twice phase retardation not pass through and let the polarized light with four times phase retardation pass through, and alens 22 is disposed on either side of any one of the above-mentioned optical systems to guide the image into thehuman eye 24.
Thesingle lens 22 provided in the present invention may be a convex lens, as shown in fig. 3, thelens 22 may be provided on any one side of thereflective polarizer 12, the first phase retarder 14, the partially transmissive partiallyreflective element 16, the second phase retarder 18 and thelinear polarizer 20, and is used for adjusting the focal length, no matter between any two optical elements, to finally achieve the effect of shortening the optical system, whereas in the embodiment of fig. 2, thelens 22 is provided on the left side of thelinear polarizer 20, near thehuman eye 24.
Specifically, the retardation of 1/4 wavelengths can be increased by the present invention in which the fast and slow axes of the first retarder 14 form an angle of 45 degrees with the transmission axis of thereflective polarizer 12.
Further, thelens 22 in the present invention may be an aspherical lens, a Fresnel lens (Fresnel lens), or a combination of a plurality of lenses.
Referring to fig. 4A to 4C, firstly in fig. 4A, thedisplay screen 10 outputs an image and emits polarized light to thereflective polarizer 12, thereflective polarizer 12 makes part of the polarized light penetrate to the first phase retarder 14 and part of the polarized light is reflected back to thedisplay screen 10, and the polarized light penetrating through thereflective polarizer 12 performs a first phase delay after passing through thefirst phase retarder 14 and then reaches the partially penetratingpartial reflector 16; referring to fig. 4B, the polarized light after the first time phase retardation partially penetrates through the partially transmissive partiallyreflective element 16, and a part of the polarized light is reflected back to the first phase retarder 14 for the second time phase retardation, where the polarized light partially penetrating through the partiallyreflective element 16 is energy loss, and the polarized light after the first time phase retardation penetrates through the first phase retarder 14 and reaches thereflective polarizer 12; referring to fig. 4C again, thereflective polarizer 12 reflects the polarized light with the second phase retardation, reflects the reflected polarized light back to the first phase retarder 14 for the third phase retardation, and then passes through the partially transmissivepartial reflector 16, so that the partially transmitted polarized light (with the third phase retardation) reaches the second phase retarder 18 for the fourth phase retardation; the fourth time phase-delayed polarized light is transmitted through the second phase retarder 18, and is screened by thelinear polarizer 20, so that only the fourth time phase-delayed polarized light passes through thelinear polarizer 20 and is guided by thelens 22 into at least onehuman eye 24.
Since the firstphase retardation plate 14 and the secondphase retardation plate 18 are both odd multiples of the phase retardation of 1/4 wavelengths, they are delayed by integer multiples of 1 wavelength after four times of phase retardation.
The linearly polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light after passing through the first phase retarder 14, and the circularly polarized light includes left circularly polarized light and right circularly polarized light. However, when part of the circularly polarized light is reflected back to thefirst retardation plate 14 by the partially transmissive and partiallyreflective element 16, the circularly polarized light is converted into linearly polarized light again, and then the linearly polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light through thefirst retardation plate 14, but is converted into linearly polarized light through thesecond retardation plate 18.
At least one linear polarizer, circular polarizer or phase retarder may be added between thedisplay screen 10 and thereflective polarizer 12 according to the polarization condition of thedisplay screen 10 to adjust the polarization state of thedisplay screen 10, and the added material may be a film material or an optical coating, which is disposed on thedisplay screen 10 or thereflective polarizer 12 in a coating, plating or bonding manner.
The present invention can achieve the effects of a larger viewing angle, a shorter system distance, and a better aberration correction, please refer to fig. 2, in which thelens 22 is L, the effective focal length thereof is F, the effective focal length of the optical system is F, the half field angle of the optical system is ω, the radius of the visible range of thedisplay screen 10 is H, R1～R2The curvature radii of the left and right surfaces of thelens 22, respectively, the distance from the eye (aperture) to the center of the surface of the nearest element of the optical system is E, and the total length of the optical system is TTL, the following formula can be obtained:
the above formula (3) can achieve good aberration correction, while the formulas (1), (2) and (4) can achieve the advantages of larger viewing angle and shorter system distance (thinner and lighter).
The embodiment of fig. 2 can obtain specific experimental data as the following table one:
watch 1
A, B, C, D, E, etc. in the above table are parameters in the aspheric equation
Wherein C is 1/R, and R is a curvature radius. In the table, f is an effective focal length of the optical system, ω is a half field angle of the optical system, H is a visible range radius of the display screen, f1 is an effective focal length of the lens, Nd is a Refractive index (Refractive index), and Vd is an Abbe number (Abbe number) or a dispersion coefficient (V-number).
In the present invention, thereflective polarizer 12 and the partially transmissive and partiallyreflective element 16 may be a coating film coated on thelens 22, or a lens with reflective polarization function or an optical material in the form of a film attached to thelens 22, so that the present invention can attach thereflective polarizer 12 to thefirst retarder 14, attach thereflective polarizer 12 to thelens 22, attach the partially transmissive and partiallyreflective element 16 to thefirst retarder 14, attach the partially transmissive and partiallyreflective element 16 to thesecond retarder 18, attach the partially transmissive and partiallyreflective element 16 to thelens 22, and so on, thereby creating various embodiments.
In addition to the embodiment of fig. 2, various other embodiments of thelens 22 configuration are described below in fig. 5A to 5C, but these embodiments do not limit the configuration method of thelens 22 in the present invention, and the configuration of thelens 22 on any side of at least one of thereflective polarizer 12, thefirst retarder 14, the partially transmissive partiallyreflective element 16, thesecond retarder 18, and the linearly polarizingplate 20 is included in the scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 5A, thelens 22 is disposed between thefirst phase retarder 14 and the partially transmissive partiallyreflective element 16, and the partially transmissive partiallyreflective element 16 is disposed on thelens 22, and in addition, the second phase retarder 18 and thelinear polarizer 20 may be integrated into the present invention, for example, as shown in fig. 5A, the second phase retarder 18 and thelinear polarizer 20 are on the same side of thelens 22, which may be equivalent to the function of a circular polarizer, and the second phase retarder 18 and thelinear polarizer 20 may be replaced by a circular polarizer. In this embodiment, aflat glass 26 is additionally provided before the polarized light is incident on thehuman eye 24 for protection. The specific data for this example are given in table two below:
watch two
In another embodiment, shown in FIG. 5B, thereflective polarizer 12 is disposed on thefirst retarder 14, and thelens 22 is disposed between thefirst retarder 14 and the partially transmissive partiallyreflective element 16. similarly to the embodiment of FIG. 5A, thesecond retarder 18 and thelinear polarizer 20 can be replaced by a circular polarizer, and aflat glass 26 is added before the polarized light is incident on thehuman eye 24. The specific data for this example is as follows table three:
watch III
In the embodiment of fig. 5C, thelens 22 is disposed between thereflective polarizer 12 and thefirst phase retarder 14, thereflective polarizer 12 of this embodiment is disposed on the right side of thelens 22, and the partially transmissivereflective element 16 can be disposed on the left side of thefirst phase retarder 14 or on the right side of thesecond phase retarder 18, similar to the embodiment of fig. 5A, thesecond phase retarder 18 and thelinear polarizer 20 can be replaced by a circular polarizer, and aflat glass 26 is added before the polarized light is incident on thehuman eye 24. The specific data for this example is given in table four below:
watch four
The present invention utilizes the principle of polarization to internally fold and reflect the optical path in the optical system to achieve the effect of shortening the length of the optical system, as shown in the embodiments of fig. 2 and 5A to 5C, in the figure, the optical path of the optical module (not shown) after the polarized light is emitted from thedisplay screen 10 to the front of thehuman eye 24 undergoes multiple reflections, assuming that the optical path of the light after the length of each reflection from thedisplay screen 10 to the optical module is summed up is d, which is nearly the same as the optical path d from thedisplay screen 10 to the optical module 23 in the prior art of fig. 1, but because in the embodiments of fig. 2 and 5A to 5C, the optical path of the polarized light after being emitted from thedisplay screen 10 to the optical module before thehuman eye 24 is summed up by multiple reflections, the length from thedisplay screen 10 to the optical module is actually much shorter than the length from thedisplay screen 10 to the optical module 23 in fig. 1, the purpose of shortening the length of the optical system is achieved.
The fifth table below is the calculation results of the embodiments of fig. 2 and fig. 5A to 5C nested in the above equations (1) to (4).
Watch five
In summary, the miniaturized short-distance optical system provided by the present invention sequentially places a plurality of optical elements behind the display screen and in front of the optical module, and utilizes multiple reflections of light to achieve the purpose of shortening the length of the optical system, and utilizes the phase retarder to perform four-time phase retardation, so that the phase of the polarization state of the polarized light is delayed by an integral multiple of one wavelength from the phase of the polarization state emitted from the display screen at the beginning when the polarization state of the polarized light finally reaches the optical module. The invention further utilizes the design of a single lens to achieve the purpose of short-distance miniaturization, can still keep good aberration correction, is suitable for wide-angle lenses or wide-angle eyepieces, and has a visual angle of more than 50 degrees.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, all the equivalent changes or modifications of the features and the spirit of the present invention described in the claims should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A miniaturized short-range optical system, comprising:
a display screen for outputting images and emitting polarized or unpolarized light;
a reflective polarizing element arranged corresponding to the display screen for partially transmitting and partially reflecting the light;
a first phase retarder disposed corresponding to the reflective polarizer for receiving the light partially transmitted through the reflective polarizer and performing a first phase retardation;
a partial transmission partial reflection element corresponding to the first phase retardation plate, so that the light beam after the first time phase retardation partially penetrates the partial transmission partial reflection element, and partially reflects back to the first phase retardation plate for the second time and third time phase retardation;
at least one optical element, which is arranged corresponding to the partial penetration partial reflection element, receives the light which penetrates the partial penetration partial reflection element and passes through the second and third phase delays, performs the fourth phase delay, and allows the light which passes through the fourth phase delay to pass through but the light which passes through the two phase delays cannot pass through; and
and the lens is arranged on any side of any one of the reflective polarizing element, the first phase retarder, the partially-transmitting partially-reflecting element and the optical element and guides the image output by the display screen into at least one human eye.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein one or more sheets of plate glass are disposed between the eye and the lens, and one or more sheets of plate glass are disposed between the lens and the display screen, and one or more optical elements are disposed on the plate glass, and are made of thin film material or optical coating, and are coated, or bonded on the plate glass.
3. A miniaturized short-range optical system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the optical element comprises:
a second phase delay plate, which is arranged corresponding to the partial transmission partial reflection element, receives the light which partially penetrates the partial transmission partial reflection element and passes through the second and third time phase delays, and carries out the fourth time phase delay; and
and a linear polarizer disposed corresponding to the second phase retarder, the linear polarizer being configured to let the light delayed by the second phase retarder not pass through, and let the light delayed by the fourth phase retarder pass through.
4. A miniaturized short-range optical system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the optical element is a circular polarizer.
5. A miniaturized short-distance optical system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the light reflected back to the first phase retarder by the partially transmissive partially reflective element passes through the first phase retarder after the second phase retardation by the first phase retarder to reach the reflective polarizer and is reflected by the reflective polarizer to be reflected back to the first phase retarder again for the third phase retardation, and then passes through the first phase retarder and the partially transmissive partially reflective element to reach the second phase retarder, and the lens is disposed on either side of the second phase retarder and the linear polarizer.
6. A miniaturized short-range optical system as in claim 3 wherein the first, second, third and fourth retardations are each increased by a phase retardation which is an odd multiple of 1/4 wavelengths such that the light reaching the human eye is retarded by an integer multiple of one wavelength.
7. The miniaturized short-distance optical system of claim 1, wherein the light transmitted from the display panel and entering the reflective polarizer is polarized light, which is linearly polarized light, circularly polarized light or other polarized state, and one or more linear polarizers, circular polarizers or phase retarders are added between the display panel and the reflective polarizer according to the polarization state of the display panel to adjust the polarization state of the display panel, and the linear polarizers, circular polarizers or phase retarders are thin film materials or optical coatings and the like and are disposed on the display panel or the reflective polarizer in a coating, film coating or bonding manner.
8. A miniaturized short-distance optical system according to claim 7, wherein the linearly polarized light is converted into left circularly polarized light or right circularly polarized light after passing through the first phase retarder.
9. Miniaturized radio range according to claim 1An optical system, characterized in that the radius of the visible range of the display screen is H, the total length of the optical system is TTL,
10. the miniaturized short-distance optical system of claim 1 or 9, wherein the display screen has a radius of a visible range of H, the optical system has an overall length of TTL, the distance from the eye to the center of the surface of the nearest element of the optical system is E,
11. a miniaturized short-range optical system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the effective focal length of the optical system is F and the radius of curvature of the side of the lens which is closer to the eye is R1The radius of curvature of the side near the display screen is R2，
12. The miniaturized short-range optical system of claim 1, wherein the effective focal length of the optical system is F, the half field angle of the optical system is ω, the total length of the optical system is TTL,
13. a miniaturized short-range optical system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the lens is an aspherical lens, a fresnel lens or a combination of multiple lenses.
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| CN115165323A (en)* | 2022-08-02 | 2022-10-11 | 业成科技（成都）有限公司 | Optical active alignment and lamination method and optical detection system |
| CN115480353A (en)* | 2022-09-16 | 2022-12-16 | 业成科技（成都）有限公司 | Optical alignment method and optical alignment device |
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