CN1124989A - Method and apparatus for staged vibration of concrete - Google Patents

Abstract

A driving force is introduced into plastic concrete structures such as concrete slabs (M) and platforms to control the consolidation of the concrete mass. The vibration device (3) imparts controlled vibrations in sequential stages onto or under the surface (1) of the concrete block. The number of stages, the frequency and amplitude of vibration, the physical orientation of the vibrating device (3), the duration of each stage and the thickness range of each vibration stage all vary with the physical properties of the concrete mass, the latter including the physical properties of the concrete used, the thickness of the concrete slab and the specific substances added to the concrete during the formation of the concrete mass.

Description

The method and apparatus of concrete staged vibration

The present invention relates generally to the method and apparatus of vibrational energy being introduced the wet concrete structural member (as concrete slab, platform, road and similar or relevant concrete structure) of common horizontal alignment with stage of continuing or increment.

Term used herein " staged vibration " means, after injecting concret block (or group), to vibrate in such a way and introduce concret block, make that the bottom of block is at first fixed, then order changes the characteristic of vibration, make that the higher part that continues of concret block is fixed, up to the fixed density independent block uniformly that becomes of concret block all or almost all.

When being consolidated into the block of uniform density with concret block, " staged vibration " also produces a kind of like this concrete structure, and its final (top of exposure) surface is uniformly, and it can produce with uniform speed.

In essence, the present invention is a kind of method of utilizing concrete staged vibration concreting, use a kind of order (perhaps to adopt the immersion device with the contacted vibrative device of concret block with stage by stage, stepping or branch phase place, perhaps adopt the surperficial contacted device with concret block, perhaps the both adopts).In the present invention, vibration is introduced concret block with " stage " of order timing, and the relative orientation of the duration in the amplitude of stage number, vibration and frequency, each stage and vibration generating apparatus all is variable, depends on the physical characteristic of concret block.The relevant physical characteristic of concret block comprises (but not necessarily being limited to): the concrete physical characteristic that is used; The thickness of the concrete slab (or other structural member) of being built; And during the formation concret block, add concrete specific material.

Determine which parameter needs the amount revising, revise and the enforcement of required modification, undertaken and monitor by sensor and relevant controlling element, these sensors and relevant controlling element determine by the fixed gratifying concret block section that vibrates and can't fixed satisfactorily section between the position in boundary layer.

The explanation of prior art

In the manufacturing of concrete structure such as concrete slab and so on, some conventional step is included in simply pouring concret block in the mould, polishes top surface and make hardening of concrete and need not anyly vibrate in the various modes of knowing.Other step comprises that use temporarily puts into concrete or put thereon vibrating device at diverse location, utilizes the various combination of scraping plane surface and/or finishing operation to make surface finish, comprises and uses manual cleaver (or claiming trowel), electric rotary-type cleaver or the like.

Using the methodical problem of elder generation of vibrating device concreting is that vibrating device lacks control.When any part of concrete slab of cast is vibrated when undue, its in concrete slab approximately the position of contact vibration device form hard spot.In addition, undue shaking concrete also may cause near the Segregation of vibrating device.Both cause inhomogeneous and the final concrete slab that weakens for Segregation and " hard spot ".The concreting that has earlier operation makes concret block " undervibration " or shaking concrete block not usually carefully.

Another kind of known step comprises uses the slip mould, in this step, the concret block that is placed in the mould may be vibrated owing to a mould that moves continuously, may do not vibrated yet, concrete injects mould or mould front, form given shape, this shape still keeps after mould moves gradually, then utilizes conventional steps polishing concrete.

The main purpose of vibrating wet concrete in this article is, by impelling and moving up of propelling level and air makes concret block quicken to be bonded to top and uniform as far as possible density, otherwise water and air will slowly move or be not mobile.Carrying secretly of empty G﹠W can the reduction concrete, and slowly moving of these materials can prolong pouring and polishing required time of concret block.Existingly will vibrate the measure (except manually disconnecting and connecting the vibrating device) that in fact the outer step that adds to concret block does not provide control or change the vibration characteristics of vibrating device, control is not provided yet or changes the measure that vibrating device acts on the time length on the concret block, this control measure are based on the performance level of desired final result.Therefore, its degree of consolidation of concret block that existing step produces becomes with the position, and it also became with the position from surface evaporation required time of anhydrating.

Fixed with concrete natural (being non-vibration) and to solidify relevant additional phenomenon be to solidify carrying secretly of block internal moisture.In when cast, the amount of the water yield that concrete mix comprises usually actual needs during considerably beyond suitable curing that forms concret block and maximum intensity.Excessive water has a mind to add concrete mix, so that transportation, cast, shaping and polishing operation.If keep transfixion (promptly not vibrated), originally that some are the excessive water of the pressure of the weight of concret block generation upwards pushes and passes concret block lentamente so, thereby begin to cause that some excessive waters move towards the surface of concrete slab, simultaneously, the concret block of the close concrete slab of formation bottom is fixed.When these concret blocks were dry, concrete began to solidify, and is best fixed even concret block may also not reach.This solidification delay water of concret block moves towards the concrete slab surface.Simultaneously, in many cases (particularly when concrete slab be in the sun, blow date or humidity pour in little date the time), water may evaporate from the top surface of concrete slab so soon, so that the concrete at top is dry prematurely and begin to solidify.This causes on the concrete slab surface or the concrete of vicinity begins hardening, and this situation further postpones concret block the moving to surface of excessive water from the bottom.At last, this phenomenon causes the inner entrapped moisture of concrete slab.Bubble is dry later disappears, and stays spilehole in the solid concrete plate everywhere.This kind pore has reduced the final strength of concrete slab.

Used dehydration technique in the concrete slab pouring operation that formerly has, wherein, the fluid concrete block forms the structural member with upper surface, then utilizes vacuum dewatering system to carry out the block dehydration to wet concrete surface.Or, on wet concrete surface, settle absorber material (as burlap and so on) to be dewatered in the surface of concret block, then on burlap, spread some desiccant (as dry cement).After dehydration is finished, carry out the routine polishing (or finishing) on surface, remove burlap or vacuum dewatering system.The available coagulation soil expensive work of polishing step also requires a large amount of skilled labors of using, cost plenty of time when finishing aptly.

The research that robot brain tool burnishing device is carried out is not too satisfactory, and reason is that the physical characteristic of concret block when concret block being introduced control burnishing device automatically lacks uniformity and can not control the physical characteristic of concret block before by chance carrying out polishing operation.Like this, must there be operating personnel that polissoir is maked decision and adjust.Usually must on continuous basis, adjust by the All Time to polishing operation, because be right after before the polishing operation and operation carry out during the concrete surface ubiquity be provided with the situation that fixed or dampness changes, and the mechanical organ of polishing operation all can not regulated aspect quantity or the intensity or reduce these variations.

In highway construction, the surface does not need polishing usually, only needs usually to vibrate and wipe off.Though this mainly is a machinery operation, but final products (rigid pavement) are inhomogeneous, because the material of the formation concret block that transmits is inhomogeneous, because the material of the formation concret block that transmits is inhomogeneous, in any case and vibration and strickling equipment can not be adjusted and compensate this inhomogeneous.Usually, highway concrete only relies on gravity (and evaporation) dehydration.Therefore, from highway concrete road surface dehydration slow, inhomogeneous and uncontrolled process normally.Cause the road surface when fixed, to shrink unevenly in above-mentioned slow, inhomogeneous and uncontrolled mode from the highway concrete road surface dehydration, finally crack structure with weakened.

US Patent No 2015217,2223734,2269109,2293962 and 2332687 relates to utilizes the development and research of immersing concret block or otherwise will vibrate the introducing concret block with the vibrating device of concret block connection.

Though above-mentioned patent relates to the vibration of concret block, but they all do not propose a kind of concrete slab, platform or similar item stage by stage or stepping vibration, each stage of wherein guiding to the vibration on the concret block or in the block has influence on its required certain depth to concrete block; Also the neither one patent description is crossed a kind of definite concret block and has been bonded to the degree of depth that maybe should vibrate.Brief summary of the invention

Therefore, a main purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method and apparatus that utilizes machinery operation concreting plate or similar structures spare to use, and wherein utilizes the uncured wet concrete block of staged vibration to come concreting.

Second purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method and apparatus with concreting plate of described feature, wherein, during each stage of vibration, water and air is moved up by uncured concret block, thereby form the boundary layer of a level substantially that can define, concret block below this boundary layer can be defined as fully fixed, and the concret block above this boundary layer is confirmable also fully not fixed.

The 3rd purpose of the present invention provides a kind of have the concreting plate of described feature or the method and apparatus of similar structures spare, wherein, uncured concret block is fixed upward to the end face order from the bottom, to produce near a uniform basically pouring structure spare of (or top) density from bottom to top, fixed and the integration of each adjacent level layer of concret block realizes that by a vibrating device this device will vibrate and advantageously be delivered in the unconsolidated concret block.

The 4th purpose of the present invention provides a kind of have the concreting plate of described feature or the method and apparatus that similar structures spare is used, wherein, each is all monitored the vibration characteristics such as frequency, amplitude and time that contact with uncured concret block and is controlled, and makes the height (between the concret block of fully fixed Buddhist monk's underconsolidation) in boundary layer of above-mentioned level substantially to regulate subtly and to adjust by said apparatus).

The 5th purpose of the present invention provides the method and apparatus that a kind of concreting plate with described feature is used, wherein, when vibrating device passes concret block and advances, advantageously import into uncured concret block above-mentioned vibration characteristic by be placed in the vibrating device front, the sensor following and/or back is controlled.

The 6th purpose of the present invention provides the method and apparatus that a kind of concreting plate with described feature is used, wherein, sensor determine at vibrating device front, back and/or below above-mentioned boundary layer with respect to the height and position of the height and position of the end face of the substrate of concreting block in the above or concret block.

The 7th purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method and apparatus that utilizes machinery operation concreting plate or similar structures spare, wherein, how many hardening rates of concret block is subjected to the control of many " stage " (or oscillating sequences of concret block), and each " stage " only influences the part of the gross thickness of concret block.

The method and apparatus that the concreting plate that the 8th purpose of the present invention provides a kind of described feature is used, wherein, last " stage " of vibration produce one for the vital humidity of polishing process and other characteristic concrete block surface uniformly substantially.

The 9th purpose of the present invention provides the concrete method and apparatus of a kind of staged vibration, wherein, in the stage of continuing, concret block is introduced the vibration that is subjected to controlling changeably, thereby the height that makes above-mentioned boundary layer (perhaps more particularly, abundant fixed relative more dried uncured concret block) raises in every " stage ", and be applied to of thickness and other the physical characteristic decision thereof of the number in a vibration stage on the specific concret block by block.

The of the present invention ten purpose provide one we have the method and apparatus that the concreting plate of described feature is used, wherein, first vibration " stage " make to form one deck from extending to drier relatively, the harder relatively and relative more fixed concrete of this limited height that can define in substrate top near the substrate of concret block; Wherein, if desired, second vibration " stage " makes drier relatively, harder relatively the increasing with relative more fixed concrete thickness of this layer, therefore thereby the boundary layer is upwards moved towards the surface of concret block, and reduce more moist relatively, the not harder relatively and relative more not fixed concrete thickness between boundary layer and concrete block surface; And wherein, if desired, additional " stage " of continuing makes fully fixed layer of concrete thickening more, becomes a fixed uniform block basically up to whole concret block almost.

The 11 purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method and apparatus with described feature, wherein, " stage " number that produces the required vibration of single fixed uniform concret block depends on the thickness and the physical characteristic of manufactured concrete slab, and thicker concrete slab need more vibrate " stage " than thin concrete slab usually.

The 12 purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method and apparatus of determining the position in the boundary layer between the concrete moist, soft relatively in the top of in the bottom of concret block relatively dry, firm, fixed concrete and concret block, make and to adjust vibration characteristics such as frequency, amplitude and duration, so that be formed on the uniform boundary layer of the degree of depth under the surface of concret block.

The 13 purpose of the present invention provides the concrete method and apparatus of staged vibration of the above purpose of a kind of basis, wherein, stage by stage, substep or the vibrating step of branch phase place described in the above-mentioned purpose makes water move to the surface of concret block, and wherein, the water that accumulates on the concrete block surface can be with mechanical means (as by vacuumizing) thereby is removed concrete slab is formed a surface uniformly, and this makes the surface finish operation advantageously automatically to finish by machine.

The 14 purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method and apparatus with described feature, they can be used for the concrete slab of any conventional thickness under the various conditions effectively in operation, the concrete slab that comprises the inside that building is used, acclive or overhead concrete slab, the concrete slab of highway, bridge, sidewalk and so on usefulness, and single thickness or integrally or monolithic ground add the concrete slab on top, thereby make this unique method can be used for many concrete structures.

More than these purposes and advantage and subsequently clearly other purpose and advantage be present in make and the details of operation in, below they are illustrated and propose claim more fully, with reference to constituting its a part of accompanying drawing, numbering identical among the figure is represented identical parts all the time simultaneously.

Brief description of drawings

Fig. 1 is at the schematic section of just having poured into a mould behind the concret block concrete slab just in the mill;

Fig. 2 is illustrated in the schematic section of having crossed short time Fig. 1 concret block behind the fluid concrete block;

Fig. 3 is illustrated in the schematic section that utilizes Fig. 1 concrete slab during the vibration of the present invention phase I;

Fig. 4 is illustrated in the schematic section that utilizes Fig. 1 concrete slab that is right after after the vibration phase I of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is illustrated in the schematic section that utilizes Fig. 1 concrete slab during the vibration second stage of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is illustrated in the schematic section that utilizes Fig. 1 concrete slab during the vibration final stage of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a phantom drawing of representing a kind of slab vibration device used among the present invention;

Fig. 8 is expression a kind of lateral view that changes the mechanical detector that uses in the scheme of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is expression a kind of lateral view that uses the slide plate probe in the scheme that changes of the present invention;

Figure 10 is the phantom drawing of expression from apparatus of the present invention of the vibrating device of top supporting;

Figure 11 is the lateral view of variation scheme of the vibrating device of the present invention of a kind of immersion vibrating plate of expression;

Figure 12 is the lateral view of the variation scheme of the present invention of a kind of adjustable vibrator structure of expression.

The explanation of preferred embodiment

Concret block of Fig. 1 illustration (use usually among the figure " M " expression), when concrete injected mould (not shown) on the concrete slab substrate B or similar item from any suitable source, concret block can be a writing board shape.Other additive that concret block M generally includes aggregate, cement, water and may habitually practise in concrete slab.

As shown in fig. 1, when initial fluid concrete block M, the aggregate that comprises in the concrete, cement, water and material spread all over concrete M thickness usually and irregularly distribute between the end face 1 of the exposure of substrate B and concrete slab.In the moment that concret block M pours into a mould at first, it is fixed fully and dry and be enough to be used in polishing the end face 1 of concrete slab in fact to have not a particle of concret block.Simultaneously, in the moment of the initial cast of concret block M, in the whole volume of concret block M, there are the water content of concret block M and the variation of the degree of consolidation (being density) usually to another point from a bit.The conforming variation of this fluid concrete is closed indecisive for operation of the present invention, but understandable as the professional of present technique, this variation is a kind of intrinsic character of random mix concrete.

Referring now to Fig. 2.After concret block M forms writing board shape on the substrate B, the aggregate of forming concret block because of weight naturally to the basad B that sinks.The aggregate that density is high relatively begins water and the air of carrying secretly are extruded concret block M.Because the local pressure ratio nearconcrete slab bottom 2 is big near the place at top 1, so want many from water of from concret block, extruding near the place of bottom and the air ratio of carrying secretly near the place at top at the beginning, thereby nearconcrete slab bottom 2, form more fixed relatively, more firm relatively and relative drier concrete M1, and concrete slab top 1 near relative more unfixed, the relative more unstable and relative more moist concrete M2 of formation.

Surface 1 at concrete slab forms apolishing area 7, and it preferably is not thicker than 1/4 inch.May accumulate in thepolishing area 7 at the whole water that moves in the operation process of building.Simultaneously, may adopt polishing operation (this will illustrate in greater detail in the back), this will form inpolishing area 7 than the remainder of concret block M higher " meticulous composition " and " " hyperfine composition relatively " concentration and relative lower aggregate concentration.Between near more fixed relatively, the more firm relatively and drier relatively concrete M1 and near more not fixed relatively, the more unstable relatively and more moist relatively concrete M2 the TOC 1 theconcrete slab bottom 2, be a boundary layer L.In order to understand the present invention, boundary layer L can be construed to representative such line (or a zone), thereby fixed fully at the following concret block M1 of this line, firm and drying forms required concrete curing speed and performance, and concret block M2 can not be fixed fully, firm and dry above this line tight, thereby can not form required concrete curing speed and performance.Secondly, should be appreciated that the line (or a district) of L representative in boundary layer, wherein have the degree of consolidation, fastness and the degree of drying of broadly similar along the concrete of being had a few of boundary layer L by concret block M.In practicality, boundary layer L can or very narrow line (for example be subjected to vibrating the back exists) at the concrete block of plasticity, or district (for example existing) in the moment of initial fluid concrete plate with the vertical width that can measure.

As the present technique field the professional understood because intrinsic inconsistency in concrete cast and in mixing, as shown in Figure 2, the boundary layer L of generation is very irregular naturally in the concrete slab of a new cast.The out-of-flatness of boundary layer L can owing to the cast concret block M in aggregate or the inhomogeneous concentration in water hole change.The solidification rate (thereby also have intensity and uniformity) that the professional of present technique is further appreciated that concret block M will change with the degree of depth of the boundary layer L of concrete slab end face 1 below usually.More particularly, in a given concrete slab perpendicular segment, surface degree of depth to the bottom of the concret block M2 of insufficient fixed, insufficient firm and insufficient drying 1 below is big more, and the hardening time of the specific perpendicular segment of concrete slab is just long more.

Referring now to Fig. 3.The vibratingdevice 3 that vibration can be introduced concret block M passes the end face 1 of concrete slab along forwards moving to (representing witharrow 4 among the figure).When vibratingdevice 3 startings, it will vibrate among the concret block M that introduces the vibrating device below, and this water and air that concret block M inside is carried secretly upwards moves towards the end face 1 of concrete slab.

When water and air owing to vibration when moving up, near the degree of depth rising of relatively more fixed, the more firm relatively and relative drier concrete M1 ofconcrete slab bottom 2, thereby boundary layer L₂Height rise.As shown in Figure 3, the boundary layer L of vibratingdevice 3 fronts keeps constant substantially (be out-of-flatness and be in the relatively low high end).Have been found that the influence of vibrating device is also more little because how much diffusions of the interior friction of concret block M inside and vibrational energy are far away more from vibrating device, and the sensation of vibration is just more little.Therefore, vibration is more remarkable from the influence of vibratingdevice 3 concret block far away to the influence comparison of the concret block below the vibrating device 3.By advantageously adjusting vibration frequency, vibration amplitude and/or vibration duration (promptly by changing the pace of vibrating device 3), so just can correspondingly adjust the following boundary layer L of vibratingdevice 3 so that optionally influence the solidification process of concret block_aThe degree of depth.

The instantaneous depth of boundary layer L below thesensor 5 monitoring vibratingdevices 3 that are connected with vibrating device 3.In operation,sensor 5 provides feedback data forprocessor unit 6,processor unit 6 determines the degree of depth and the profile of boundary layer L on demand and adjusts vibration frequency, Oscillation Amplitude and/or vibration duration (promptly by changing the pace of vibrating device 3), to produce required boundary layer L_aProfile.

Fig. 4 be illustrated in first time that vibrating device finishes concret block M by or the vibration in first " stage " after the state of concrete slab.Opposite with the feature of concrete slab before the phase I (as shown in Figure 2), after finishing in the phase I of vibration, volume ratio fully fixed, fully firmly and fully dry concret block M1 is bigger, and boundary layer L_aProfile more smooth (as shown in Figure 4).

Referring now to Fig. 5.At boundary layer L_aSince the first time of vibration by or first " stage " and raise and flattened slightly whole after, as shown in Figure 5, pass through or second " stage " second time that vibratingdevice 3 then can be used to vibrate, so that further raise boundary layer L_bProfessional as present technique is to understand, introduce after the concret block M by the vibration of accepting control in the above described manner, concret block M's is fixed and dry with respect to fixedly wanting acceleration with drying from the quiescent settling of concret block is spontaneous.Outside fixed and dry concret block M more apace, the structural integrity of concrete slab improves.By utilizing the present invention, owing to improved fixed uniformity (by boundary layer L_bSubstantially horizontal alignment is representative) because moving (and removing subsequently), the acceleration of water from concret block advantageously cause the water carried secretly in the concrete slab and the minimizing of pore, the structural integrity of concrete slab improves.

Referring now to Fig. 6.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, after last " stage " of finishing vibration or vibrating device pass passing through for the last time of concrete slab, fully fixed, fully firm and fully the degree of depth of dry concrete M1 extend to thepolishing area 7 of the top surface of (or almost extending to) concrete slab 1 from the bottom of concrete slab 2.Usually, the water that has moved to the top of concrete slab 1 may be accumulated in thepolishing area 7, may evaporate simply subsequently,, drains from concrete slab by vibratingdevice 3 from the concrete slab runaway owing to action of gravity, is evacuated, or otherwise removes.

Be appreciated that equipment and the method for utilization according to disclosed concreting of the present invention from above-mentioned explanation, boundary layer L (top of the concret block M1 that perhaps more specifically says so fully fixed, firm and dry) moves on to the end face of concrete slab 1 with being flattened.Because boundary layer L (top of the concret block M1 that perhaps more specifically says so fully fixed, firm and dry) moves on to the end face of concrete slab 1 with being flattened, so the entire top of concrete slab 1 (perhaps in particular, being polishing area 7) is in that the same time is in the desired state of polishing operation substantially.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, boundary layer L so entirely upwards moves on to the end face of concrete slab 1, so that after finishing the final stage of vibration, boundary layer L_aChange in depth be not more than 1 inch.

The present invention has not only quickened darker water hole and not fixed concrete fixed and dry owing to vibrational energy directly being added to top, this kind zone, and it is also owing to reduced moisture content and not fixed concrete too early drying and sclerosis in the more shallow zone.Present technique professional is appreciated that, if constant vibration force is equally imported the All Ranges of anisotropic concret block into, the boundary layer will be than the surface that earlier arrives concrete slab in other zone in some zone so, thereby has in concret block the undesirable influence that produces " hard spot ".Hard spot in the concrete causes uneven curing usually, causes breaking of concrete slab, increases the difficulty of polishing operation, in fact hinders and uses automatic buffing equipment, and reduce the structural strength of concrete slab significantly.The vibrational energy of zones of different that imports concret block M by adjustment into is so that make boundary layer L entirely shift to the surface of concrete slab 1, the concrete slab made from apparatus and method of the present invention has less (or not having) hard spot, than being easier to polishing, have less crackle, and its structural strength is greater than using uncontrolled vibration or not adopting the vibration input and the concrete slab of production.

System's (not shown) that comprises the vacuum removal water of vacuum extractor can be provided, and this vacuum extractor uses a tumbling-type or a rail mounted device that is connected on the vibrating device.A kind of like this vacuum extractor preferably includes a mechanism that applies vacuum in cylinder, and the external surface of cylinder is a porous, can only freely can not make by the material that constitutes concrete other material by water with a kind of.The external surface of the cylinder of wrapped vacuum is removed accumulated substance, the sometime contact surface of scraper plate during each rotation of cylinder with a scraper plate.Have only when porous surface contacts with the surface of concret block, vacuum just is added on the porous surface.The face velocity of cylinder is preferably made the speed of coupling with respect to the vibrating device of concrete block surface.

Can recognize that from the understanding of above disclosure the concrete slab that method and apparatus according to the invention is built produces a uniform end face 1 of physical characteristic andpolishing area 7 on the whole area of plate.Secondly, because the uniformity of the physical characteristic of the whole area on concrete slab surface can automatically be finished polishing operation with machine.Therefore, the method and apparatus that this vibration by stage by stage comes concreting to use produces a kind of uniform surface state uniquely, makes the polishing of end face automatically finish and hinder the problem of automatic polishing work when not having method and apparatus concreting with prior art usually with machine.

Because concrete is to the reaction of vibration, the method and apparatus of the staged vibration that concreting disclosed herein is used is effective.During vibrating, water, air and some thin lighter material move up, and the mobile influence that is subjected to amplitude, frequency and the duration of involving vibrations in interior vibration characteristics of these materials.Zhen Dong characteristic is adjusted in the present invention, so that with fixed relatively more not fixed, the relative more insecure and relative more moist concrete M2 near concrete slab top 1 of in check speed.

Controlling boundary layer L by frequency, amplitude and the duration of adjusting vibration_aAnd L_bProfile outside, the effect of vibration also depends on and contacts with concret block M and vibration is sent to shape, orientation and the configuration on a surface (or a plurality of surface) ofconcrete vibrating device 3.

Utilize the present invention, when the concret block M that builds when a level is cast in a ready surface (as substrate B) and goes up, produce the fixed of concret block M in each stage, and in such a way water is brought to the surface and remove, make if desired, (or finishing) operation (or sclerosis, if do not need to carry out polishing operation) can carried out polishing immediately after the concrete pouring operation with uniform rate.

Because the fixed of concret block M quickened, also because concrete slab is fixed equably and dry basically to the bottom of polishingarea 7 from the top of substrate B, so utilize the method and apparatus of the present invention can the concreting plate and do not need to utilize wire gauze (this wire gauze usually is embedded in concrete slab inside, so that reduce the influence of the speed of the top of concrete slab and undesirable uneven drying between the bottom and curing).

Produce boundary layer L respectively between the relatively comparatively fixed part M1 of block and the relatively not fixed part M2 quiveringly_aAnd L_b, and the boundary layer preferably remains on the even degree of depth place of end face 1 below of concrete slab as far as possible.

The difference of the vibrating device that uses in the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the vibrating device of prior art is to comprise a kind of member (being sensor 5), and it makes boundary layer L can enough relevant feedback control systems (being processor unit 6) determine with respect to the position onconcrete surface.Sensor 5 can be installed on the vibratingdevice 3 or near it.Sensor 5 sensing boundary layer L, L_aAnd L_bThe degree of depth, by suitable feedback data treating apparatus (being processor unit 6), adjust the characteristic that can control of vibratingdevice 3 as required, make boundary layer L_aAnd L_bStay the place of uniform depth substantially of end face 1 below of concrete slab.

Advantageously placement sensor 5, with determine at vibrator front, back or just below boundary layer, position L, L_aAnd L_bPerpendicular positioning.Sensor 5 is preferably installed in such a way, makes vibration can influence the performance ofsensor 5 sharply.Secondly,sensor 5 preferably has sufficient amount, and is arranged on enough positions with many positions with respect to vibratingdevice 3 as required, with the position of sensing boundary layer L, thereby produces boundary layer L_aAnd L_bDesired position and profile.

The in check characteristic of vibratingdevice 3 comprises the direction of frequency, amplitude and earthquake centre or vibrational energy.In addition, can also control the pace of whole vibrating device 3.Vibratingdevice 3 can comprise adjusts the device that vibration characteristics is used, make vibration can gather in the specific degree of depth, its method or the single vibrating device of independent adjustment, or adjust many interoperable vibrating devices, thereby provide extra control to the concrete consolidated depth by vibrating device.

Utilizable one type of vibrating device is a kind of platform vibrator 3a (as shown in Figure 7), thevolume heart vibrator 8 that one or more moving piston formula is rotated is installed on it, eachvibrator 8 is subjected to its oneselfsensor 5a andprocessor unit 6a (or by an independent multi-function processor unit, not shown) control separately, measure the state of plate 9 fronts.When vibrator 8 vibrations, the unbalanced dynamic force ofvibrator 8 is added on the plate 9, and plate 9 directly is sent to this masterpiece among the concret block M for vibration.Additional sensor 5b can be installed in the back of platform vibrator 3a, so that the result of sense vibrations.Platform vibrator 3a can or move by a winch truck pulling, and the latter's translational speed is subjected to the control of the data of sensor (5) equally.

Sensor 5 can utilize mechanical detector, and immersion slide plate or balladeur train, or acoustic characteristic are worn the thickness that moulding radar or similar techniques are measured the boundary layer.Usually, the relatively most advanced and sophisticated probe of the expense of mechanical pick-up device is low.

The some kinds of structures that can replace are applicable to and are bearing on the end face of concrete slab 1 vibrating device or its top, comprise following various and be not limited to them: support with the concrete mould; Support with the support arm that is installed on the various peripheral equipments; Support with operation balladeur train in orbit; Be immersed in the concret block respectively and operate in TOC M2 and bottom M1 between boundary layer L on balladeur train or slide plate support; Or vibratingdevice 3 can support with any its means that can move in the mode that produces required staged vibration that will make.

The sensor that can utilize one type among the present invention is a kind ofmechanical detector 5c, as shown in Figure 8.Piston 11 is connected on thepivot arm 2 pivotally, and aflat board 13 that comprises the sensitive surface ofprobe 5c is equipped with in the bottom of pivot arm.Dull and stereotyped 13 be determined near theconcrete slab bottom 2 relatively more fixed, relatively firmly, relatively dry concrete M1 and the position of the boundary layer L between near relatively more not fixed, relatively more insecure, the more moist relatively concrete M2 the concrete slab top 1.Measurement is shifted power required on the position of boundary layer L downwards onto with dull and stereotyped 13.The power of calibration indication boundary layer L can be preferably to measure fully fixed, the firmly abundant and fully dry required power of concret block of pushing, and these data are preferably formed as the basis of feedback control system.

A kind of sensor that substitutes that can use in the present invention isslide plate probe 5d, as shown in Figure 9.Slide plate 14 is installed on thepivoting supporting arm 15 that stretches out from crossbeam 16.This slide plate has the bottom surface 14a of a flat that is dragged by thecrossbeam 16 that moves forward.Keep slide plate 14 correctly to penetrate the reference point that feedback control system was measured and formed to L required power in boundary layer.

Be appreciated that utilizing the above-mentioned staged vibration of the present invention to form a kind of mode with the uniform rate desiccated surface impels water to guide the system on concrete slab surface into from concret block.The professional in present technique field will be understood that, this of concrete slab kind of uniform rate of drying be towards be convenient to carry out concrete slab automatically or the crucial first step of the polishing operation direction of robot.

In addition, this makes finishing of concreting more faster than the concreting method that has earlier, and temperature and weather conditions are depended in finishing of the method that has earlier.

Be appreciated that from the summary of above-mentioned disclosure and the invention provides the method and apparatus that a kind of concreting plate that does not need various additives (as desiccant, accelerator, plasticizing agent etc.) is used; They form more uniform concrete slab density; This concrete slab has more smooth finished surface, less contraction, less crimping and less crackle; This method and apparatus is compared with device with the concreting method that has earlier, and the manpower that need use still less.The method and apparatus that disclosed in addition concreting plate is used can with common mold system or the smooth technology coupling of laser.

Vibratingdevice 3 can frame strengthen on the bar, in substrate independently, on (as shown in Figure 10) on the hardware or other supporting device, move.

Though the preferred embodiments of the present invention comprise that one directly is added in vibratingdevice 3 on the concrete slab surface 1 (for example the plate 9 by platform vibrator 3a) as shown in Figure 7 with vibration force, but, may wish vibration force directly is added on the concret block M at limited distance place, 1 below, concrete slab surface just in case concret block M is thick especially.The vibratingdevice 3b of a kind of variation of Figure 11 illustration, it can will vibrate on the concret block M of 1 below, surface that directly be added in concrete slab.The vibratingdevice 3b that changes is equipped with thewheel 18 of operation on track 19.Be connected to one end pivoting formula ofshaker arm 20 on thedrive motor 21 of a volume heart, its other end is fixed on thetamper 22, and the latter reaches the below on the surface 1 of concrete slab.A parallel-oriented substantially vibratingplate 23 is fixed on the bottom of ramming bar 22.When drivemotor 21 startings of compiling the heart, vibratingplate 23 vibrations, thus vibration force directly is added on the concret block M of 1 below, surface of concrete slab.

Be appreciated that from above-mentioned disclosed content, no matter vibration force is to be applied directly to the concret block M that (as shown in Fig. 3,5,6,7) on the surface 1 of concrete slab still be applied directly to 1 below, surface of concrete slab to go up (as shown in Figure 11), when concret block M is plasticity (when concret block M is still unhardened), the method and apparatus that vibration is applied on the concret block M disclosed herein must be implemented.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the concrete surface of the final finished of concrete slab is relevant with a standard apparatus or system dimensionally.A kind of like this baseline system can comprise trapped orbit (as the track among Figure 11 19) or fixed component (as the hardware among Figure 10 17), or is the laser system of fixed relationship or similar device with substrate B (not shown).

A kind of vibratingdevice 3c that has changed of illustration among Figure 12.Vibratingdevice 3c shown in Figure 12 comprises astructural member 30 flexibly, the latter vertically and/or flatly moves with respect to the surface of shelving it, and this structural member is subjected to the supporting of the balladeur train (not shown) on thewheel 81 that rolls on the substrate B or steel member that is placed in equipment ortemplate 31usually.Sensor 5 andvibration surface 32 are preferably fixing with respect to the upright position of structural member 30.Total part 30 is according to vertically being adjusted with respect to the data that theoptical pickocff 40 or the Other Instruments of the upright position ofstructural member 30 offersprocessor unit 6 by detection reference device or system's (as template 31), keeps the correlation with the predetermined vertical direction of this device or system.

Processor unit b accepts from the data of the relevant boundary layer L height ofsensor 5, and fromoptical pickocff 40 and the relevant data of relative altitude standard apparatus (being template 31), and vibration characteristics, the pace ofstructural member 30 and the relative position ofvibration surface 32 ofadjustment vibrating device 3c, so that produce a boundary layer L who is parallel to the surface 1 of wanting of concrete slab as far as possible.

Though illustrated above and be used to utilize concrete independent once-cast to build the constant substantially horizontal concrete slab of a thickness method and apparatus of the present invention, but be to be understood that, this method and apparatus is applied to build the concrete slab with substantially smooth sloped top face and is applied to be cast in concrete slab above the top of irregular or the substrate of tilting, all be within the scope of the present invention.In addition, described method and apparatus also has been applied to build the concrete slab of the top layer with whole combination, and wherein, concrete pouring for the second time (being top layer) can be incorporated on the top of concrete pouring for the first time.In the pouring of the concrete slab of top layer with whole combination, carry out concrete pouring for the second time be preferably in the concrete of cast for the first time introduce initial a series of staged vibrations according to the present invention after, but too closely arrives in the boundary layer before the top of the concret block of pouring into a mould for the first time.

Foregoing is illustration principle of the present invention only.Can carry out many other variations, for example:

Independent vibratingdevice 3 can be equipped with surface vibration plate (as illustration among Fig. 7) and immersion vibrating plate (as shown in Figure 11) both;

An independent vibratingdevice 3 can be equipped with anindependent sensor 5 or a plurality ofsensor 5;

Vibration surface 9 or 23 can comprise the flat board of an Any shape, and this flat board or contact with the surface of concret block perhaps is immersed in wherein;

Vibration surface 9 or 23 can comprise a plate with an independent face that contacts with the surface of concret block, maybe can comprise an object that is immersed in the Any shape in the concret block;

When a plurality ofvibration surfaces 9 or 23 were used for an independent vibratingdevice 3, they can be constructed in such a way, made to adjust independently toward each other;

Vibratingdevice 3 can be an any kind, as long as the duration or their combination of amplitude, frequency or vibration can be controlled in controlling the fixed needed scope of concrete suitably;

Vibratingdevice 3 can be electronic, surge or pneumatic;

When using piston-type sensor 5c,sensory panel 13 can be a plane or curved surface, and piston can be electronic a, mechanokinetic, pneumatic or surge;

When using slide plate or balladeurtrain type sensor 5d, probe can be electronic a, mechanokinetic, pneumatic or surge;

Can use ultrasonic, acoustics or penetrated surface radar or other similar electronic system assensor 5;

Vibratingdevice 3 can utilize wheel bearing on roadbed, template or screed, perhaps can be directly and be bearing in slidably on template or the screed;

Standard apparatus or system can provide a kind of any device or system of mechanism that concrete slab is wanted the upright position on surface that measure to vibrating device; A kind of like this standard apparatus or system can comprise the line of a tension, a laser beam, wooden or metal mold, a tubulose floating screed or an any device or system that similar information can be provided.

In addition, because the professional to the present technique field realizes many modifications and variations easily, so do not wish to limit the present invention to those structures and the operation that only illustrate and illustrate, therefore, can adopt all suitable modifications and method and apparatus of equal value, these all drop in the scope of the present invention.Therefore, scope of the present invention should not be by illustrative embodiment decision, but by the appended claims and legal right decision of equal value thereof.

Claims (12)

1. the method for a concreting, it may further comprise the steps:

The concret block of cast plasticity is to form the end face that a concrete structure, this concrete structure have a bottom surface and a substantially flat;

Introduce the first row vibration to described concrete structure;

The described first row vibration makes the density of first section of described wet concrete block relatively greater than second section of described wet concrete block;

Wherein, first section of described wet concrete block extends vertically up to a boundary layer that can form from the bottom surface of described concrete structure with handling, and the described boundary layer that can form is lower than the height of the end face of described concrete structure with handling;

And second section of wherein said wet concrete block extends vertically up to the end face of described concrete structure with handling from the described boundary layer that can form;

And the wherein said first row vibration makes the described boundary layer that can form be positioned first section of described wet concrete block and a primary importance between second section with handling.

2. according to the method for claim 1, also comprise:

Secondary series vibration after described concrete component is introduced in the described first row vibration;

Wherein, described secondary series vibration makes the described boundary layer that can form be positioned at a second place higher than described primary importance with handling.

3. according to the method for claim 2, also comprise:

Determine the place, location of the primary importance in the described boundary layer that can form with handling;

With the physical characteristic of the described secondary series vibration of control, so that compare at the more approaching end face that is parallel to described concrete structure of described primary importance in the described second place with handling in the described boundary layer that can form.

4. according to the method for claim 3, wherein said one first of step involving vibrations with the described concrete structure of the first row vibration introducing is made parts firm by ramming;

Wherein said first makes parts firm by ramming directly contacts with described wet concrete block;

And wherein said first make parts firm by ramming and vertically be positioned at the described top that can handle the boundary layer of formation;

Move horizontally described first when the vibration of described secondary series introduced the step of described concrete structure and make parts firm by ramming but also be included in;

And the controlled physical characteristic of wherein said secondary series vibration comprises frequency, amplitude or duration;

And the step in the place, location of the primary importance in wherein said definite boundary layer that can form comprises the generation feedback data with handling;

And the physical characteristic of wherein said control secondary series vibration so that operably the boundary layer of Xing Chenging comprise the step of handling described feedback data and adjusting the physical characteristic that described secondary series vibrates according to this feedback data in its second place more approaching step that is parallel to the end face of concrete structure than the time in its primary importance;

And the step in the place, location of the wherein said primary importance of determining the boundary layer that can form and the step of described processing feedback data with handling, and the step of the physical characteristic vibrated of described adjustment secondary series each all finish simultaneously with described first step of making parts firm by ramming that moves horizontally.

5. according to the method for claim 4, wherein said first makes second section that parts are immersed in described wet concrete block firm by ramming.

6. equipment that is used to build a wet concrete block, this block is used to form a concrete structure with end face of a bottom surface and a substantially flat, and described end face has an area in confirmable periphery, and described equipment comprises:

Be used for the first row vibration is introduced the device of concrete structure, wherein this first row vibration makes the density of first section of described wet concrete block relatively greater than second section of described wet concrete block;

First section of described wet concrete block extends vertically up to a boundary layer that can form from the bottom surface of described concrete structure with handling, and described boundary layer is lower than the height of the end face of described concrete structure;

Second section of described wet concrete block extends vertically up to the end face of described concrete structure from described boundary layer;

And the wherein said first row vibration makes described boundary layer be positioned at one first height and position, make first section of described wet concrete block be positioned under this primary importance, and second section of described wet concrete block is positioned on this primary importance.

7. according to the equipment of claim 6, it also comprises:

Be used for the secondary series vibration is introduced the device of described concrete structure after the described first row vibration; Wherein said secondary series vibration makes the described boundary layer that can form be positioned at second height and position with handling, and described second height and position is than the described first height and position height.

8. according to the equipment of claim 7, it also comprises:

Be used for determining the device in place, location of first height and position in described boundary layer;

With the device of the physical characteristic that is used to control described secondary series vibration, so that the more approaching end face that is parallel to described concrete structure when making described boundary layer when its second height and position than at its first height and position.

9. equipment according to Claim 8, wherein said device and the described device that is used for the secondary series vibration is introduced concrete structure that is used for the first row vibration is introduced concrete structure comprises that is made firm by ramming parts;

The wherein said parts of making firm by ramming directly contact with described wet concrete block;

And the wherein said parts of making firm by ramming vertically are arranged on top, described boundary layer;

But also comprise and be used for when concrete structure is introduced in secondary series vibration, making the described device that parts move horizontally of making firm by ramming;

And the device in the place, location of the wherein said primary importance that is used for determining described boundary layer comprises the device that is used to produce feedback data;

And the wherein said device that is used to control the physical characteristic of secondary series vibration comprise be used for move horizontally with respect to concrete structure make parts firm by ramming in, handle the device of described feedback data, and be used for move horizontally with respect to concrete structure make parts firm by ramming in, adjust the device of the physical characteristic of secondary series vibration according to described feedback data.

10. according to the method for claim 3,

Between the two-phase dot interlace of wherein said boundary layer below the periphery of the area of described end face is continuous;

And the wherein said physical characteristic that is used to control the secondary series vibration so that the boundary layer at its second height and position than at the more approaching device that is parallel to the end face of concrete structure of its first height and position, limited above-mentioned first under end face the degree of depth and above-mentioned second maximum difference between the degree of depth under the end face less than 1 inch.

11. the method for a concreting, it comprises the following steps:

Pour into a mould the wet concrete block of initial basic homogeneous, have the concrete structure of the end face of a bottom surface and a substantially flat with formation;

Described concrete structure is introduced in the first row vibration;

The described first row vibration makes the density of first section of described concret block relatively greater than second section of this block;

First section of wherein said concret block extends vertically up to a boundary layer that operably forms from the bottom surface of described concrete structure, described boundary layer be positioned at described concrete structure end face below;

And second section of wherein said concret block extends vertically up to the end face of described concrete structure from described boundary layer;

And the wherein said first row vibration is positioned on first section and a primary importance between second section of described concret block described boundary layer;

But also comprise secondary series vibration is introduced described coagulation body structure spare after the described first row vibration;

Wherein said secondary series vibration makes described boundary layer be positioned a second place, and the described second place is higher than described primary importance;

Place, location with the primary importance of determining described boundary layer;

And the physical characteristic of controlling described secondary series vibration, so that make described boundary layer more approaching end face that is parallel to described concrete structure when its second place compares in its primary importance.

12. the method for a concreting, it comprises the following steps:

The wet concrete block of the initial basic homogeneous of cast, forming a concrete structure with end face of a bottom surface and substantially flat, described end face have one can be in one first periphery definite area;

Described concrete structure is introduced in the first row vibration;

The described first row vibration makes and form a boundary layer that operably forms in described wet concrete block, and described boundary layer has limited thickness on the direction perpendicular to the plane of described end face;

Wherein said boundary layer is that the limit is continuous in by the boundary layer periphery that vertical protrusion limited on first periphery in this boundary layer;

And wherein said boundary layer periphery and described limited thickness enclose and mark one first volume, boundary layer concret block section of described first volume encirclement;

And the soundness of wherein said boundary layer concret block section is constant in whole first volume;

The described first row vibration also makes in the density of first section of the wet concrete block between the bottom surface of described boundary layer and described concrete structure relatively greater than second section of the wet concrete block between the end face of described boundary layer and described concrete structure;

And the described first row vibration also makes described boundary layer be positioned at one first average height position;

But also comprise secondary series vibration introduced described concrete structure that after the described first row vibration described secondary series vibrates and makes described boundary layer be positioned at one second average height position;

The wherein said second average height position is higher than the described first average height position;

And wherein said one of the step involving vibrations that described concrete structure is introduced in the first row vibration makes parts firm by ramming, and the described described parts of making firm by ramming of step involving vibrations of the secondary series vibration being introduced described concrete structure;

Wherein saidly make the top that parts vertically are positioned at described boundary layer firm by ramming;

And wherein said first make parts firm by ramming and contact with second section of described wet concrete block;

Move horizontally described make parts with respect to concrete structure but also be included in the described step that concrete structure is introduced in secondary series vibration when carrying out;

With described the concrete structure step is introduced in the first row vibration after, and described move horizontally with respect to concrete structure described first make the parts step firm by ramming in, determine the degree of depth of described boundary layer under described end face;

With during the step of the degree of depth under the end face, produce feedback data in described definite boundary layer;

Described move horizontally with respect to concrete structure described first make the step of parts firm by ramming in, handle described feedback data;

And move horizontally described first make the step of parts firm by ramming in, adjust the physical characteristic of secondary series vibration according to described feedback data, so as to make described boundary layer after the described step of the secondary series vibration being introduced concrete structure than described with the step of secondary series vibration introducing concrete structure before the more approaching end face that is parallel to concrete structure;

The controlled physical characteristic of wherein said secondary series vibration comprises frequency, amplitude or duration.

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