Background
Coal pollution is a main source of air pollution in China, and more than 60% of dust, more than 70% of sulfur dioxide and more than 50% of nitrogen oxides in the air are related to coal combustion. The industrial boiler is the second largest coal-fired user in China, and the coal-fired quantity is more than 7 hundred million tons each year, so that the industrial boiler is one of the most energy-consuming devices. The common operation efficiency of the active small and medium sized boilers is not high, the energy waste is serious, and a large amount of smoke and SO discharged by the boilers is2And NOXAnd the like, which seriously endangers the health and ecological environment of human bodies. Therefore, aiming at the problems of high energy consumption, high pollution and the like in the current coal-fired industry, the method eliminates the low-efficiency coal-fired boiler, and deeply purifies and treats the coal-fired flue gas, is the key for solving the industrial coal-fired pollution, and has important significance for realizing the overall target of energy conservation and emission reduction in China.
In recent years, a great deal of literature reports and patents on the improvement and improvement of efficiency of coal-fired boilers and the flue gas purification technology exist, and China invention CN 108518672A discloses a low-nitrogen combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler which comprises a hearth, a material separating and returning device, a feeding device and a tail flue, wherein the hearth comprises a bubbling bed hearth and a fluidized bed hearth. The invention of China CN 105363340B discloses a simultaneous denitration and desulfurization active carbon dry-method flue gas purification system and a purification device, which comprise an adsorption tower, a desorption tower, a chimney, active carbon conveying equipment and active carbon screening equipment. The Chinese invention CN 104162352B discloses a dust removal, denitration and desulfurization integrated treatment process for a glass kiln, which comprises the steps of absorbing heat and cooling high-temperature flue gas of the glass kiln by a waste heat boiler, leading the high-temperature flue gas out of a temperature section of the waste heat boiler, which is cooled to 250-plus-one temperature of 300 ℃, and entering a dust removal device for dust removal; returning the flue gas with the dust removal standard to the waste heat boiler, heating to 300-420 ℃ of a temperature window of selective catalytic reduction SCR, and leading out the flue gas to enter an SCR denitration device; and continuously returning the denitrated flue gas reaching the standard to the waste heat boiler for recovering heat, and entering the wet desulphurization device when the temperature reaches about 120 +/-20 ℃. However, the flue gas which reaches the standard after the wet desulphurization treatment is discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney, the temperature is raised and reduced, and the decarbonization treatment is not carried out.
At present, coal fired boiler and flue gas are handled the majority and are concentrated on boiler transformation, denitration desulfurization technique and waste heat recovery, and most equipment is independent application, does not carry out the collaborative design, and it is big to lead to the flue gas to administer the investment, and the working costs is high, and the treatment effect influences each other. The denitration and desulfurization integrated technology commonly used at home and abroad is mainly used for wet flue gas desulfurization and denitration of SCR or SNCR technology, the denitration and desulfurization efficiency is difficult to be stabilized in a certain range due to the limitation of temperature, and in addition, certain potential safety hazards exist in transportation, storage and management when a reducing agent is a solution, so that the research and development of the process and the device for cooperatively removing multiple pollutants for medium and small-sized coal-fired flue gas desulfurization, denitration, dust removal and decarburization are imperative.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method and a system for clean utilization of fire coal, and aims to solve the problem that the conventional small and medium-sized fire coal flue gas desulfurization, denitration, dust removal and decarburization multi-pollutant collaborative removal process and device are lack.
The invention provides a clean utilization method of fire coal, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of coal powder multi-point injection carbon preparation, graded oxygen control and constant temperature combustion, tail gas recirculation, high-temperature carbon denitration, high-temperature calcium powder desulfurization, carbon reburning and removal, two-stage high-temperature dust removal and clean flue gas entering a subsequent application system.
Preferably, the pulverized coal is injected into the furnace in the form of a jet.
Preferably, the denitration agent used for denitration is carbon powder prepared from coal powder or circulating carbon powder, and the desulfurizer used for desulfuration is calcium powder and fly ash.
The system for clean utilization of the coal comprises a pulverized coal combustion system and an application system, wherein the pulverized coal combustion system realizes pulverized coal multipoint injection carbon preparation and staged combustion oxygen control constant temperature, the circulating tail gas and air form combustion-supporting gas to assist denitration and desulfurization, the high-temperature gas flow after two-stage dust removal enters a subsequent application system after being combusted and decarbonized.
Preferably, the pulverized coal combustion system comprises a storage bin, a combustion denitration and desulfurization integrated furnace and a two-stage dust remover which are sequentially connected, a pulverized coal combustion area, a denitration area and a desulfurization area are arranged in the combustion denitration and desulfurization integrated furnace, the pulverized coal combustion area, the denitration area and the desulfurization area are arranged in series, the combustion denitration and desulfurization integrated furnace is provided with a multi-stage nozzle and an ignition device, a grinding device is arranged in the desulfurization area, and the grinding device is connected with a motor.
Preferably, the application system is a residential heating system, a firing system (the firing system is used for firing ceramic materials) or a drying system (the drying system is used for drying grains, marine products and the like).
Preferably, the double-stage dust remover comprises a cyclone dust remover and a metal filter bag dust remover.
Further, the device also comprises a reburning device which is arranged in front of the cyclone dust collector or behind the cyclone dust collector.
Preferably, the multistage nozzle is preferably four stages, the nozzle is used for spraying pulverized coal, calcium powder or fly ash, and an ignition device is arranged below the first stage nozzle, the second stage nozzle and the fourth stage nozzle.
Preferably, a combustion-supporting gas inlet is arranged below the combustion area.
Preferably, the residential heating system comprises a plate heat exchanger, a direct exhaust chimney, an adjusting valve, a smoke fine processing device, an air bag and an organic greenhouse which are sequentially connected, the plate heat exchanger is connected with a metal filter bag dust remover of the pulverized coal combustion system, and a reburning device of the pulverized coal combustion system is arranged in front of the cyclone dust remover; the corresponding coal clean utilization system comprises a storage bin, a combustion denitration and desulfurization integrated furnace, a reburning device, a cyclone dust collector, a metal filter bag dust collector, a plate heat exchanger, a direct discharge chimney, an adjusting valve, smoke fine treatment equipment, an air bag and an organic greenhouse which are connected in sequence.
Preferably, the firing system comprises a kiln, an induced draft fan and a direct exhaust chimney, the kiln is arranged between the reburning equipment of the pulverized coal combustion system and the metal filter bag dust remover, the metal filter bag dust remover is sequentially connected with the induced draft fan and the direct exhaust chimney, and the reburning equipment of the pulverized coal combustion system is arranged behind the cyclone dust collector; the corresponding coal clean utilization system comprises a storage bin, a combustion denitration and desulfurization integrated furnace, a cyclone dust collector, a reburning device, a kiln, a metal filter bag dust collector, an induced draft fan and a direct exhaust chimney which are connected in sequence.
Preferably, the drying system comprises an air heat exchanger, an induced draft fan and a direct exhaust chimney which are connected in sequence, wherein two sides of the air heat exchanger are respectively connected with an air blower and a drying bin, the air heat exchanger is connected with a metal filter bag dust remover of the pulverized coal combustion system, and a reburning device of the pulverized coal combustion system is arranged in front of a cyclone dust remover; the corresponding coal clean utilization system comprises a storage bin, a combustion denitration and desulfurization integrated furnace, a reburning device, a cyclone dust collector, a metal filter bag dust collector, an air heat exchanger, an induced draft fan and a direct exhaust chimney which are connected in sequence, wherein two sides of the air heat exchanger are respectively connected with an air blower and a drying bin.
In the coal clean utilization system, the pulverized coal enters a first stage to be ignited and combusted, and heat exchange and temperature rise are carried out; the coal powder and the heat-exchange and temperature-rise flue gas enter a second stage, and secondary heat exchange and temperature rise are carried out to prepare carbon powder; the flue gas, the combustion-supporting gas and the carbon powder subjected to secondary heat exchange and temperature rise enter a third stage to be fluidized and denitrated, so that each system is ensured to work under the appropriate oxygen content and temperature; the denitrated high-temperature flue gas enters a desulfurization system for desulfurization, the desulfurizer is decomposed on line, the surface of the desulfurizer is updated by forced grinding, namely, pulverized coal is subjected to multipoint injection for carbon preparation, staged combustion for oxygen control and constant temperature through a pulverized coal combustion system, combustion-supporting gas is formed by circulating tail gas and air to assist denitration and desulfurization, carbon is removed by combustion and dust removal, and the dedusted high-temperature gas flow enters a subsequent application system to realize functions of boiler heating, heat supply, kiln or drying and the like. Preferably, the denitration agent used for denitration is carbon powder, and the desulfurizer used for desulfurization consists of heavy calcium powder and burnt ash.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the prior coal-fired technology with the same scale, the clean coal-fired utilization system improves the combustion efficiency by 10 to 15 percent, reduces the generation amount of nitrogen oxides by not less than 40 percent, has the purification efficiency of the nitrogen oxides by more than 90 percent, reduces the denitration cost by more than 90 percent compared with the prior common ammonium method/ammonia method, the heat released in the denitration process can be used for heat supply, almost no secondary pollution is caused, the desulfurization efficiency is higher than 90%, fine filtration is adopted for dust removal, the content of escaping particles is lower than 10 mg/standard cubic meter, carbon dioxide discharged at the tail end of the technology can also be used as gas fertilizer of vegetable greenhouses and the like, resources are fully utilized, carbon emission is reduced, no wastewater and solid waste is discharged in the whole process, continuous denitration and desulfurization of gas are realized, zero carbon emission is realized, the treatment efficiency is high, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by coal burning is effectively solved.
(2) The pulverized coal combustion system is a multi-section combined efficient pollutant removing device including pre-combustion coal quality monitoring, low-nitrogen combustion and sulfur fixation, in-furnace denitration and desulfurization, tail flue gas desulfurization, cloth bag dedusting and desulfurization, reburning and decarburization.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the coal-fired clean utilization system for boiler heating comprises a storage bin 101, a combustion denitration and desulfurization integrated furnace, a reburning device 105, a cyclone dust collector 106, a metal filter bag dust collector 107, a plate heat exchanger 108, a direct-discharge chimney 109, an adjusting valve 110, a flue gas fine treatment device 111, an air bag 112 and an organic greenhouse 113 which are connected in sequence; conveying the pulverized coal into a combustion denitration and desulfurization integrated furnace through a material bin 101, and generating high-temperature flue gas in a combustion area 102 in the combustion denitration and desulfurization integrated furnace by the pulverized coal; the high-temperature flue gas sequentially passes through the denitration region 103 and the desulfurization region 104 to be subjected to denitration and desulfurization; a certain amount of grinding balls are filled in the desulfurization area 104, and a motor is used for driving the balls to move continuously, so that the flue gas is in full contact with a denitrifier desulfurizer; high-temperature smoke after denitration and desulfurizationThe gas enters the reburning equipment 105 and is reburned to generate carbon dioxide; the flue gas with denitration, desulfurization and decarburization enters a cyclone dust collector 106 and a metal filter bag dust collector 107 to be subjected to coarse dust removal and fine dust removal, so that clean flue gas is obtained; the clean flue gas is subjected to heat exchange through the gas-liquid plate heat exchanger 108, and the heat is conveyed to an area needing heating; the flue gas after heat exchange is communicated with the organic greenhouse 113 through the flue gas fine treatment equipment 111 and the pressure stabilizing function of the air bag 112. The invention has established a set of 30kg/h coal-fired system demonstration line, improves the combustion efficiency by 10 to 15 percent compared with the prior coal-fired technology with the same scale, and the content of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and particulate matters after combustion is lower than 10mg/m3The heat exchange efficiency is more than 90 percent and is far lower than the new standard of the boiler atmospheric pollutant emission.
As shown in fig. 2, the coal clean utilization system for firing comprises a storage bin 201, a combustion denitration and desulfurization integrated furnace, a cyclone dust collector 205, a reburning device 206, a kiln 207, a metal filter bag dust collector 208, an induced draft fan 209 and a direct discharge chimney 210 which are connected in sequence; pulverized coal is conveyed into the combustion denitration and desulfurization integrated furnace through a material bin 201, and the pulverized coal generates high-temperature flue gas in a combustion area 202 in the combustion denitration and desulfurization integrated furnace; the high-temperature flue gas sequentially passes through the denitration region 203 and the desulfurization region 204 to be subjected to denitration and desulfurization; a certain amount of grinding balls are filled in the desulfurization area 204, and a motor is used for driving the balls to move continuously, so that the flue gas is in full contact with a desulfurizer denitration agent; the denitrated and desulfurized high-temperature flue gas enters the cyclone dust collector 205 for coarse dust removal; the flue gas after coarse dust removal enters a reburning device 206, natural gas is introduced to further burn carbon monoxide which is not completely burned, the flue gas after temperature rise is introduced into a kiln 207 for production, and the flue gas enters a metal filter bag dust collector 208 for fine dust removal and is discharged into air from a direct chimney 210 through an induced draft fan 209.
As shown in fig. 3, the coal cleaning and utilizing system for drying includes a bunker 301, a combustion denitration and desulfurization integrated furnace, a reburning device 305, a cyclone dust collector 306, a metal filter bag dust collector 307, an air heat exchanger 308, an induced draft fan 309 and a direct discharge chimney 310 which are connected in sequence, and both sides of the air heat exchanger 308 are respectively connected with an air blower 311 and a drying bunker 312; coal dust removerThe material passing bin 301 is conveyed into the combustion denitration and desulfurization integrated furnace, and the pulverized coal generates high-temperature flue gas in a combustion area 302 in the combustion denitration and desulfurization integrated furnace; the high-temperature flue gas sequentially passes through the denitration region 303 and the desulfurization region 304 to be subjected to denitration and desulfurization; a certain amount of grinding balls are filled in the desulfurization area 304, and a motor is used for driving the balls to move continuously, so that the flue gas is in full contact with a desulfurizer denitration agent; the denitrated and desulfurized high-temperature flue gas enters the reburning equipment 305 and is reburned to generate carbon dioxide; the flue gas with denitration, desulfurization and decarburization enters a cyclone dust collector 306 and a metal filter bag dust collector 307 to be subjected to coarse dust removal and fine dust removal, so that clean flue gas is obtained; the clean flue gas is subjected to heat exchange through the air heat exchanger 308, heat is conveyed to the drying bin 312 through the blower 311, and the clean high-temperature gas is recycled in the closed drying bin 312. The invention has established a set of 30kg/h coal-fired system demonstration line, improves the combustion efficiency by 10 to 15 percent compared with the prior coal-fired technology with the same scale, and the content of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and particulate matters after combustion is lower than 10mg/m3The heat exchange efficiency is more than 90 percent and is far lower than the new standard of the boiler atmospheric pollutant emission.