CN112377164B - A foaming mechanism, high-energy gas foam fracturing device and process - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种发泡机构、高能气体泡沫压裂装置及工艺，所述发泡机构与高能气体压裂装置组合形成高能气体泡沫压裂装置，其中，发泡机构用于形成泡沫以对目的层进行泡沫压裂，高能气体压裂装置继续对所述目的层进行高能气体压裂，以解决现有泡沫压裂工艺可以产生较宽的裂缝但难以形成缝网及高能气体压裂工艺可以产生缝网但裂缝短，无法产生大面积裂缝面，对层与层之间的沟通性差的问题。

The invention discloses a foaming mechanism, a high-energy gas foam fracturing device and a process. The foaming mechanism is combined with a high-energy gas fracturing device to form a high-energy gas foam fracturing device, wherein the foaming mechanism is used to form foam to Foam fracturing is performed on the target layer, and the high-energy gas fracturing device continues to perform high-energy gas fracturing on the target layer, so as to solve the problem that the existing foam fracturing process can produce wide cracks, but it is difficult to form a fracture network and the high-energy gas fracturing process can Fracture network is generated but the cracks are short, and a large-area crack surface cannot be generated, and the communication between layers is poor.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种发泡机构、高能气体泡沫压裂装置及工艺A foaming mechanism, high-energy gas foam fracturing device and process

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及水平井压裂装置及压裂工艺。The invention relates to a horizontal well fracturing device and a fracturing process.

背景技术Background technique

现有压裂技术中的泡沫压裂，其优点是泡沫压裂粘度高，有利于压开地层，并产生较宽的裂缝，但是泡沫压裂产生的裂缝多为上下延伸，对于原有裂缝扩展不大，难以形成缝网。The advantage of foam fracturing in the existing fracturing technology is that foam fracturing has high viscosity, which is conducive to fracturing the formation and produces wider cracks. However, the cracks generated by foam fracturing mostly extend up and down. It is not large, and it is difficult to form a seam net.

高能气体压裂是利用火药或火箭推进剂在井筒中快速燃烧产生的大量的高温高压气体在产层上压出辐射状多裂缝体系，改善近井地带的渗透性能，从而增加油气井产量和注水井注入量的一项增产措施。High-energy gas fracturing is to use a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the rapid combustion of gunpowder or rocket propellant in the wellbore to extrude a radial multi-fracture system on the production layer, improve the permeability of the near-wellbore zone, and thus increase the production and injection rate of oil and gas wells. A production increase measure for well injection.

但是高能气体压裂大多裂缝延伸性差，裂缝缝长短，无法像水力压裂产生大面积裂缝面，对层与层之间的沟通性差，对于产能提高作用十分有限。并且二次压裂作业需要多次启下管柱，施工过程复杂，无法实现选择性压裂。However, most of the high-energy gas fracturing fractures have poor elongation and short fracture lengths, so they cannot generate large-area fracture surfaces like hydraulic fracturing. The communication between layers is poor, and the effect on productivity improvement is very limited. In addition, the secondary fracturing operation requires several times of starting and disconnecting the pipe string, and the construction process is complicated, so selective fracturing cannot be realized.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

有鉴于此，本发明提供一种发泡机构，该发泡机构应用在高能气体压裂机构中形成一种高能气体泡沫压裂装置。In view of this, the present invention provides a foaming mechanism, which is applied in a high-energy gas fracturing mechanism to form a high-energy gas foam fracturing device.

另外，本发明提供一种高能气体泡沫压裂工艺，该工艺通过使用所述的高能气体泡沫压裂装置进行压裂施工，解决现有泡沫压裂工艺可以产生较宽的裂缝但难以形成缝网及高能气体压裂工艺可以产生缝网但裂缝短，无法产生大面积裂缝面，对层与层之间的沟通性差的问题。In addition, the present invention provides a high-energy gas foam fracturing process. By using the high-energy gas foam fracturing device for fracturing construction, the present invention solves the problem that the existing foam fracturing process can generate wide cracks but is difficult to form a network of cracks. And high-energy gas fracturing process can produce fracture network, but the fractures are short, which cannot produce large-area fracture surfaces, and the communication between layers is poor.

第一方面，所述的一种发泡机构，其特征在于，包括：In the first aspect, the foaming mechanism is characterized in that it includes:

连接筒体；connecting cylinder;

所述连接筒体内填充泡沫产生物；The connecting cylinder is filled with foam products;

所述泡沫产生物，用于含表面活性剂的压裂液通过所述连接筒体后产生泡沫。The foam generator is used to generate foam after the fracturing fluid containing surfactant passes through the connecting cylinder.

进一步地，所述泡沫产生物是发泡橡胶棉。Further, the foam generator is foamed rubber wool.

进一步地，所述连接筒体的两端口分别连接阀门及多孔板；Further, the two ports of the connection cylinder are respectively connected to the valve and the perforated plate;

所述阀门，用于打开或关闭所述连接筒体的入口；the valve for opening or closing the inlet of the connecting cylinder;

所述多孔板，用于承托所述泡沫产生物以免所述压裂液将其从所述连接筒体内冲出。The perforated plate is used to support the foam production material to prevent the fracturing fluid from flushing it out of the connecting cylinder.

进一步地，所述连接筒体连接压力传感器；Further, the connecting cylinder is connected to a pressure sensor;

所述压力传感器，用于将所述连接筒体内压力信号传输至地面。The pressure sensor is used for transmitting the pressure signal in the connecting cylinder to the ground.

第二方面，所述的一种高能气体泡沫压裂装置，其特征在于，包括：In the second aspect, the high-energy gas foam fracturing device is characterized in that it includes:

权利要求-所述的发泡机构及高能气体压裂装置。Claim - the foaming mechanism and the high-energy gas fracturing device.

进一步地，所述高能气体压裂装置包括压裂管柱；Further, the high-energy gas fracturing device includes a fracturing string;

所述发泡机构的下端与所述压裂管柱连接。The lower end of the foaming mechanism is connected with the fracturing string.

进一步地，所述压裂管柱上设有射孔；Further, the fracturing string is provided with perforations;

所述射孔沿所述压裂管柱周向布置，每个所述射孔对应设置电火花点火装置。The perforations are arranged along the circumferential direction of the fracturing string, and an electric spark ignition device is correspondingly arranged in each of the perforations.

进一步地，所述压裂管柱上连接封隔器及定位器；Further, a packer and a locator are connected to the fracturing string;

所述封隔器，用于封隔目的层；The packer is used to pack the target layer;

所述定位器，用于将所述压裂管柱定位至所述目的层。The locator is used for locating the fracturing string to the target layer.

第三方面，所述的一种高能气体泡沫压裂工艺，其特征在于，包括：A third aspect, the described high-energy gas foam fracturing process, is characterized in that, comprising:

第二方面中任一项所述的高能气体泡沫压裂装置；The high-energy gas foam fracturing device of any one of the second aspects;

通过所述发泡机构产生泡沫以对目的层进行泡沫压裂后产生裂缝及缝网；The foam is generated by the foaming mechanism to generate cracks and cracks after fracturing the target layer;

继续通过高能气体压裂装置对所述目的层进行高能气体压裂以扩展所述裂缝及所述缝网。Continue to perform high-energy gas fracturing on the target layer by the high-energy gas fracturing device to expand the fracture and the fracture network.

进一步地，所述泡沫压裂，是向所述高能气体泡沫压裂装置注入含表面活性剂的压裂液及氧气以产生所述泡沫；Further, in the fracturing of the foam, the fracturing fluid containing surfactant and oxygen are injected into the high-energy gas fracturing device to generate the foam;

所述泡沫对所述目的层进行压裂以产生所述裂缝及所述缝网，且所述氧气与所述目的层内的伴生气混合；the foam fracturing the target layer to create the fractures and the web of fractures, and the oxygen is mixed with associated gas within the target layer;

所述高能气体压裂，是在所述泡沫压裂后，对所述高能气体压裂装置进行点火以引爆所述裂缝中的所述伴生气及所述氧气。In the high-energy gas fracturing, after fracturing the foam, the high-energy gas fracturing device is ignited to detonate the associated gas and the oxygen in the fracture.

进一步地，所述高能气体泡沫压裂装置通过连续油管下入至所述目的层。Further, the high-energy gas foam fracturing device is run down to the target layer through a coiled tubing.

本发明具有如下有益效果：The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

本发明的高能气体泡沫压裂工艺，将泡沫压裂技术与高能气体压裂技术结合，综合了两项技术的优点，其中，压裂液经发泡装置变成泡沫，粘度增高，有利于压开地层，并产生较宽的裂缝，并且泡沫具有低滤失性，液体效率高，在裂缝中更加稳定均匀；引爆裂缝中的伴生气可以对泡沫压裂后形成的裂缝进一步扩展，增大裂缝间的连通性，另一方面可以有效穿透污染带；The high-energy gas foam fracturing process of the present invention combines the foam fracturing technology with the high-energy gas fracturing technology, and combines the advantages of the two technologies. The formation is opened and wide fractures are generated, and the foam has low fluid loss, high liquid efficiency, and is more stable and uniform in the fractures; the associated gas in the detonating fractures can further expand the fractures formed after foam fracturing, increasing the fractures On the other hand, it can effectively penetrate the pollution zone;

本发明的发泡机构结构简单，操作方便，只需将含有表面活性剂的压裂液注入就可以产生气泡；The foaming mechanism of the present invention is simple in structure and convenient in operation, and bubbles can be generated only by injecting fracturing fluid containing surfactant;

本发明的高能气体泡沫压裂装置，一次下入管柱，可以依次进行泡沫压裂及高能其他压裂，及对一个目的层可以实现两次压裂，从而使压裂裂缝同时兼具泡沫压裂及高能气体压裂的优点。The high-energy gas foam fracturing device of the present invention can be run into the pipe string at one time, and can perform foam fracturing and other high-energy fracturing in sequence, and can realize two fracturing for one target layer, so that the fracturing fractures can be combined with foam fracturing at the same time. and the advantages of high-energy gas fracturing.

附图说明Description of drawings

通过以下参考附图对本发明实施例的描述，本发明的上述以及其它目的、特征和优点更为清楚，在附图中：The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

图1是本发明实施例的发泡机构的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the foaming mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention;

图2是本发明实施例的高能气体压裂装置的结构示意图；2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-energy gas fracturing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图3是本发明实施例的发泡机构与压力传感器及连接油管连接示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the foaming mechanism, the pressure sensor and the connecting oil pipe according to the embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下基于实施例对本发明进行描述，但是值得说明的是，本发明并不限于这些实施例。在下文对本发明的细节描述中，详尽描述了一些特定的细节部分。然而，对于没有详尽描述的部分，本领域技术人员也可以完全理解本发明。The present invention will be described below based on examples, but it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following detailed description of the invention, some specific details are described in detail. However, those skilled in the art can fully understand the present invention for the parts that are not described in detail.

此外，本领域普通技术人员应当理解，所提供的附图只是为了说明本发明的目的、特征和优点，附图并不是实际按照比例绘制的。Furthermore, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the accompanying drawings are provided only to illustrate the objects, features and advantages of the present invention and are not actually drawn to scale.

同时，除非上下文明确要求，否则整个说明书和权利要求书中的“包括”、“包含”等类似词语应当解释为包含的含义而不是排他或穷举的含义；也就是说，是“包含但不限于”的含义。Meanwhile, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, words such as "including", "comprising" and the like should be construed in an inclusive rather than an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is, "including but not limited to" means.

图1是本发明实施例的发泡机构的结构示意图；在图1中，本实施例的发泡机构，包括连接筒体10；所述连接筒体10内填充泡沫产生物11，所述泡沫产生物11的作用是当含表面活性剂的压裂液通过所述连接筒体10后可以产生泡沫。优选地，所述泡沫产生物11是发泡橡胶棉。1 is a schematic structural diagram of a foaming mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; in FIG. 1 , the foaming mechanism of this embodiment includes a connectingcylinder 10; the connectingcylinder 10 is filled with afoam generator 11, and the foam The function of theproduct 11 is to generate foam when the fracturing fluid containing surfactant passes through the connectingcylinder 10 . Preferably, thefoam generator 11 is foamed rubber wool.

在图1中，所述连接筒体10的两端口分别连接阀门12及多孔板9，其中，所述阀门12的作用是控制打开或关闭所述连接筒体10的入口；所述多孔板9的作用是承托所述发泡橡胶棉，使其固定在所述连接筒体10内，以免所述压裂液通过时将发泡橡胶棉从所述连接筒体10内冲出。In FIG. 1 , the two ports of the connectingcylinder 10 are respectively connected to avalve 12 and aperforated plate 9, wherein the function of thevalve 12 is to control the opening or closing of the inlet of the connectingcylinder 10; theperforated plate 9 Its function is to support the foamed rubber cotton and make it fixed in the connectingcylinder 10 to prevent the foamed rubber cotton from being punched out of the connectingcylinder 10 when the fracturing fluid passes through.

在图3中，所述连接筒体10连接压力传感器6，所述压力传感器6的作用是将所述连接筒体10内的压力信号传输至地面。因为压裂作业是在一定的压力条件下进行的，所以，需要适时监测连接筒体内的压力，而压力传感器6就可以实现这一目的。In FIG. 3 , the connectingcylinder 10 is connected to thepressure sensor 6 , and the function of thepressure sensor 6 is to transmit the pressure signal in the connectingcylinder 10 to the ground. Because the fracturing operation is carried out under certain pressure conditions, it is necessary to monitor the pressure in the connecting cylinder in a timely manner, and thepressure sensor 6 can achieve this purpose.

上述发泡机构的设计，其目的是为了与高能气体压裂装置组合使用，从而形成一种高能气体泡沫压裂装置，该装置包括上述的发泡机构及高能气体压裂装置。其中，如图2所示，所述高能气体压裂装置包括压裂管柱1，所述压裂管柱1上设有射孔4，所述射孔4沿所述压裂管柱1周向布置，每个所述射孔4对应设置电火花点火装置5。所述发泡机构的连接筒体10的下端与所述压裂管柱1连接，具体的是压裂管柱1上部设有接箍，通过该接箍实现连接筒体10与压裂管柱1的固定连接。The purpose of the design of the above foaming mechanism is to be used in combination with a high-energy gas fracturing device to form a high-energy gas foam fracturing device, which includes the above-mentioned foaming mechanism and a high-energy gas fracturing device. Wherein, as shown in FIG. 2 , the high-energy gas fracturing device includes a fracturing string 1 , and the fracturing string 1 is provided withperforations 4 , and theperforations 4 run along the fracturing string for one circumference. Each of theperforations 4 is provided with an electricspark ignition device 5 correspondingly. The lower end of the connectingcylinder 10 of the foaming mechanism is connected to the fracturing string 1. Specifically, the upper part of the fracturing string 1 is provided with a collar, through which thecylinder 10 and the fracturing string are connected. 1 fixed connection.

所述压裂管柱1上还连接封隔器2及定位器3，其中，所述封隔器2用于封隔目的层，所述定位器3用于将所述压裂管柱1定位至所述目的层。上述压裂管柱1上设置的射孔4，具体根据现有高压气体压裂工艺要求进行设计即可，而电火花点火装置5、封隔器2及定位器3的结构等也参考现有高压气体压裂工艺要求进行设计。当然，对于电火花点火装置5、封隔器2及定位器3的选用及结构设计也可以不按照图2的方案，只要能够满足高能气体压裂要求即可。The fracturing string 1 is also connected with apacker 2 and a locator 3, wherein thepacker 2 is used for sealing the target layer, and the locator 3 is used for positioning the fracturing string 1 to the target layer. Theperforations 4 provided on the above-mentioned fracturing string 1 can be specifically designed according to the requirements of the existing high-pressure gas fracturing process, and the structures of the electricspark ignition device 5, thepacker 2 and the positioner 3 also refer to the existing The high pressure gas fracturing process requires design. Of course, the selection and structural design of thespark ignition device 5 , thepacker 2 and the positioner 3 may not be in accordance with the scheme in FIG. 2 , as long as the requirements for high-energy gas fracturing can be met.

当然，实际高能气体压裂设备还包括扶正器等井下工具，本实施例不对这些设备进行详尽描述了。Of course, the actual high-energy gas fracturing equipment also includes downhole tools such as centralizers, which are not described in detail in this embodiment.

通过上述高能气体泡沫压裂装置，可以设计一种新的压裂方式，即高能气体泡沫压裂工艺，该工艺的主要发明构思是：Through the above-mentioned high-energy gas foam fracturing device, a new fracturing method can be designed, that is, a high-energy gas foam fracturing process. The main inventive concept of the process is:

通过所述发泡机构产生泡沫以对目的层进行泡沫压裂后产生裂缝及缝网；The foam is generated by the foaming mechanism to generate cracks and cracks after fracturing the target layer;

继续通过高能气体压裂装置对所述目的层进行高能气体压裂以扩展所述裂缝及所述缝网。Continue to perform high-energy gas fracturing on the target layer by the high-energy gas fracturing device to expand the fracture and the fracture network.

也就是说，采用本申请的高能气体泡沫压裂装置，一次下入管柱，可以依次进行泡沫压裂及高能其他压裂，及对一个目的层可以实现两次压裂，从而使压裂裂缝同时兼具泡沫压裂及高能气体压裂的优点。That is to say, by using the high-energy gas foam fracturing device of the present application, one run into the pipe string, foam fracturing and other high-energy fracturing can be performed in sequence, and two fracturing can be performed for one target layer, so that the fracturing fractures can be simultaneously It has the advantages of foam fracturing and high-energy gas fracturing.

即本申请工艺是将泡沫压裂技术与高能气体压裂技术结合，综合了两项技术的优点，其中，压裂液经发泡装置变成泡沫，粘度增高，有利于压开地层，并产生较宽的裂缝，并且泡沫具有低滤失性，液体效率高，在裂缝中更加稳定均匀；引爆裂缝中的伴生气可以对泡沫压裂后形成的裂缝进一步扩展，增大裂缝间的连通性，另一方面可以有效穿透污染带，达到清理油层堵塞的目的。That is, the technology of the present application combines the foam fracturing technology with the high-energy gas fracturing technology, and combines the advantages of the two technologies. Wider fractures, and the foam has low fluid loss, high liquid efficiency, and is more stable and uniform in the fractures; the associated gas in the detonation fractures can further expand the fractures formed after foam fracturing and increase the connectivity between fractures. On the other hand, it can effectively penetrate the pollution zone and achieve the purpose of clearing the oil layer blockage.

优选地，所述高能气体泡沫压裂工艺，其具体步骤是：Preferably, the specific steps of the high-energy gas foam fracturing process are:

所述泡沫压裂，是向所述高能气体泡沫压裂装置注入含表面活性剂的压裂液及氧气以产生所述泡沫；The foam fracturing is to inject fracturing fluid containing surfactant and oxygen into the high-energy gas foam fracturing device to generate the foam;

所述泡沫对所述目的层进行压裂以产生所述裂缝及所述缝网，且所述氧气与所述目的层内的伴生气混合；the foam fracturing the target layer to create the fractures and the web of fractures, and the oxygen is mixed with associated gas within the target layer;

所述高能气体压裂，是在所述泡沫压裂后，对所述高能气体压裂装置进行点火以引爆所述裂缝中的所述伴生气及所述氧气。In the high-energy gas fracturing, after fracturing the foam, the high-energy gas fracturing device is ignited to detonate the associated gas and the oxygen in the fracture.

具体地，结合附图，对本申请的高能气体泡沫压裂工艺做进一步的说明：Specifically, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the high-energy gas foam fracturing process of the present application is further described:

（1）首先，确定压裂层位，将高能气体泡沫压裂装置中的连接筒体10上端连接在连续油管8下部，从而使高能气体泡沫压裂装置随同连续油管8一同下入目的层。(1) First, determine the fracturing horizon, and connect the upper end of the connectingcylinder 10 in the high-energy gas foam fracturing device to the lower part of the coiledtubing 8, so that the high-energy gas foam fracturing device and thecoiled tubing 8 go down into the target layer together.

（2）利用定位器3进行定位，将连续油管8上提1-1.2m使封隔器2变轨，下降连续油管8，同时调整扶正器等井下工具，当下降压力较大时，此时封隔器2已经坐封，实现了封隔目的。(2) Use the positioner 3 for positioning, lift thecoiled tubing 8 by 1-1.2m to change the track of thepacker 2, lower thecoiled tubing 8, and adjust downhole tools such as centralizers.Packer 2 has been set, and the purpose of packing has been achieved.

（3）通过连续油管8注入含表面活性剂的压裂液和氧气，压裂液通过发泡机构7产生泡沫，通过压力传感器6观察井下压力，当压力高于破裂压力，会在目的层产生裂缝，泡沫及氧气还与地层中的伴生气混合。(3) The fracturing fluid and oxygen containing surfactant are injected through the coiledtubing 8, the fracturing fluid generates foam through thefoaming mechanism 7, and the downhole pressure is observed through thepressure sensor 6. When the pressure is higher than the fracturing pressure, the fracturing fluid will generate in the target layer. Fractures, foam and oxygen also mix with associated gas in the formation.

（4）通过观察压力传感器6，当压力达到一定程度，关闭阀门12，利用电火花点火装置5进行点火，引爆裂缝中的伴生气及氧气，达到扩展泡沫压裂后产生的裂缝及缝网的目的，同时达到对堵塞的油层进行清理的目的。(4) By observing thepressure sensor 6, when the pressure reaches a certain level, close thevalve 12, use thespark ignition device 5 to ignite, detonate the associated gas and oxygen in the cracks, and expand the cracks and cracks generated after foam fracturing. At the same time, the purpose of cleaning the blocked oil layer is achieved.

本申请的高能气体泡沫压裂装置连接至连续油管8末端，下放至对应的目的压裂层位，封隔后即可对目的层进行压裂，解封难度较小，操作方便快捷。The high-energy gas foam fracturing device of the present application is connected to the end of the coiledtubing 8, and is lowered to the corresponding target fracturing layer.

下面结合具体实施案例，对本申请的高能气体泡沫压裂装置及工艺在具体应用中的效果进行说明，以辅助理解本申请技术方案的有益效果：Below in conjunction with specific implementation cases, the effects of the high-energy gas foam fracturing device and process of the present application in specific applications will be described to assist in understanding the beneficial effects of the technical solutions of the present application:

某油田某一注气采油井，投产初期日平均产液量为11m³，截至高能气体泡沫压裂施工前已经注不进气，产液量低，判断为近井地带污染严重，产生压降漏斗，导流能力明显降低。经过仔细分析该厂决定采取高能气体泡沫压裂工艺对此井进行解堵改造。A gas injection and production well in a certain oilfield had an average daily liquid production of 11m³ at the initial stage of production. Before the high-energy gas foam fracturing operation, no gas was injected, and the liquid production was low. It was judged that the pollution in the near-wellbore area was serious, resulting in pressure drop. funnel, the diversion capacity is significantly reduced. After careful analysis, the plant decided to use high-energy gas foam fracturing technology to unblock this well.

（1）首先对于压裂作业，确定好需要压裂的层位，在连续油管前短接本申请的高能气体泡沫压裂装置，将连续油管下至目的层利用套管接箍定位器进行定位，下降连续油管，同时调整扶正器等井下工具，当下降压力较大时，此时已经坐封封隔器，实现了封隔作用。(1) First, for the fracturing operation, determine the layer to be fracturing, short-circuit the high-energy gas foam fracturing device of the application before the coiled tubing, and use the casing collar locator to locate the coiled tubing to the target layer. , descend the coiled tubing, and adjust downhole tools such as centralizers. When the descending pressure is large, the packer has been set at this time, and the packing effect has been realized.

（2）装置下入完成后，开始注入压裂液，压裂液中加入表面活性剂（石油磺酸盐），稳泡剂（羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶），黏土稳定剂（氯化钾），交联剂（硼酸盐）；压裂液配方体系为：0.4～0.5%(2) After the installation of the device is completed, start to inject fracturing fluid, add surfactant (petroleum sulfonate), foam stabilizer (carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum), and clay stabilizer (chlorine sulfonate) to the fracturing fluid. potassium chloride), cross-linking agent (borates); fracturing fluid formulation system: 0.4-0.5%

羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶+1～2%石油磺酸盐+0.2～0.3%氯化钾+0.5%硼酸盐。Carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum + 1-2% petroleum sulfonate + 0.2-0.3% potassium chloride + 0.5% borate.

（3）压裂液注入的同时开始注入氧气，压裂液和氧气混合通过发泡机构7中的发泡橡胶棉，由于压裂液中加入了表面活性剂降低了水基压裂液的界面张力，当压裂液与氧气一同通过发泡橡胶棉中的微小空隙时就会形成以氧气为内相，含表面活性剂的压裂液为外相的两相分散体系，泡沫压裂液形成。(3) Oxygen was injected at the same time as the fracturing fluid was injected. The fracturing fluid and oxygen were mixed and passed through the foamed rubber cotton in thefoaming mechanism 7. The surface active agent was added to the fracturing fluid to reduce the interface of the water-based fracturing fluid. Tension, when the fracturing fluid and oxygen pass through the tiny voids in the foamed rubber cotton together, a two-phase dispersion system with oxygen as the inner phase and the fracturing fluid containing surfactant as the outer phase is formed, and the foam fracturing fluid is formed.

（4）该目的层破裂压力为12.5MPa，当压力高于地层破裂压力时，目的层被压出裂缝，裂缝中有大量伴生气与泡沫混合。压裂设计参数为：压裂液注入量275.4m³，气体注入量65m³，注入流速2.4m³/min，注入压力9.6MPa。(4) The fracture pressure of the target layer is 12.5MPa. When the pressure is higher than the formation fracture pressure, the target layer is squeezed out of cracks, and a large amount of associated gas is mixed with foam in the fractures. The fracturing design parameters are: fracturing fluid injection volume of 275.4m³ , gas injection volume of 65m³ , injection flow rate of 2.4m³ /min, and injection pressure of 9.6MPa.

（5）当观察井下的压力传感器6压力达到12.5MPa时，保持注入速度，等待泡沫充分填充裂缝，压裂液注入完成后，地面控制关闭发泡机构7上的阀门12，然后在地面启动电火花点火装置5，对于裂缝中的泡沫内的氧气及裂缝中的伴生气体进行点火爆破，完成本层段的压裂作业，平均增加缝长3.45m，增加缝宽0.2cm。(5) When the pressure of thepressure sensor 6 in the observation hole reaches 12.5MPa, keep the injection speed and wait for the foam to fully fill the fractures. After the fracturing fluid injection is completed, the ground control closes thevalve 12 on thefoaming mechanism 7, and then starts the electricity on the ground. Thespark ignition device 5 ignites and blasts the oxygen in the foam in the cracks and the associated gas in the cracks to complete the fracturing operation in this section, with an average increase of 3.45m in fracture length and 0.2cm in fracture width.

通过泡沫压裂及高能气体的二次压裂效果可以说明，本申请的工艺，对于压裂裂缝范围进行扩展，增加裂缝的导流能力，进一步沟通油层之间的联系性等方面都具有一定提升，从而达到加强开采程度、提高开采能力的目的。From the effect of foam fracturing and secondary fracturing of high-energy gas, it can be shown that the process of the present application has a certain improvement in expanding the scope of fracturing fractures, increasing the conductivity of fractures, and further communicating the connection between oil layers. , so as to achieve the purpose of strengthening the degree of mining and improving the mining capacity.

以上所述实施例仅为表达本发明的实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形、同等替换、改进等，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。The above-mentioned embodiments are only the embodiments of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. can be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (7)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种高能气体泡沫压裂工艺，其特征在于，包括：1. a high-energy gas foam fracturing process is characterized in that, comprising:高能气体泡沫压裂装置；High-energy gas foam fracturing device;所述高能气体泡沫压裂装置，包括高能气体压裂装置及发泡机构；The high-energy gas fracturing device includes a high-energy gas fracturing device and a foaming mechanism;所述发泡机构，包括：The foaming mechanism includes:连接筒体（10）；connecting cylinder (10);所述连接筒体（10）内填充泡沫产生物（11）；The connecting cylinder (10) is filled with a foam generator (11);所述泡沫产生物（11），用于含表面活性剂的压裂液和氧气通过所述连接筒体（10）后产生泡沫；The foam generator (11) is used to generate foam after the fracturing fluid and oxygen containing surfactant pass through the connecting cylinder (10);所述泡沫产生物（11）是发泡橡胶棉；The foam generator (11) is foamed rubber cotton;通过所述发泡机构产生泡沫以对目的层进行泡沫压裂后产生裂缝及缝网；The foam is generated by the foaming mechanism to generate cracks and cracks after fracturing the target layer;继续通过高能气体压裂装置对所述目的层进行高能气体压裂以扩展所述裂缝及所述缝网；Continue to perform high-energy gas fracturing on the target layer by the high-energy gas fracturing device to expand the fracture and the fracture network;所述泡沫压裂，是向所述高能气体泡沫压裂装置注入含表面活性剂的压裂液及氧气以产生所述泡沫；The foam fracturing is to inject fracturing fluid and oxygen containing surfactant into the high-energy gas foam fracturing device to generate the foam;所述泡沫对所述目的层进行压裂以产生裂缝及缝网，且所述氧气与所述目的层内的伴生气混合；the foam fracturing the target layer to create fractures and a web of fractures, and the oxygen mixes with associated gas within the target layer;所述高能气体压裂，是在所述泡沫压裂后，对所述高能气体压裂装置进行点火以引爆所述裂缝中的所述伴生气及所述氧气。The high-energy gas fracturing is to ignite the high-energy gas fracturing device after fracturing the foam to detonate the associated gas and the oxygen in the fracture.2.根据权利要求1所述的高能气体泡沫压裂工艺，其特征在于：2. high-energy gas foam fracturing process according to claim 1, is characterized in that:所述连接筒体（10）的两端口分别连接阀门（12）及多孔板（9）；The two ports of the connecting cylinder (10) are respectively connected to the valve (12) and the porous plate (9);所述阀门（12），用于打开或关闭所述连接筒体（10）的入口；the valve (12) for opening or closing the inlet of the connecting cylinder (10);所述多孔板（9），用于承托所述泡沫产生物（11）以免所述压裂液将其从所述连接筒体（10）内冲出。The perforated plate (9) is used to support the foam generator (11) to prevent the fracturing fluid from being flushed out of the connecting cylinder (10).3.根据权利要求1所述的高能气体泡沫压裂工艺，其特征在于：3. high-energy gas foam fracturing process according to claim 1, is characterized in that:所述连接筒体（10）连接压力传感器（6）；The connecting cylinder (10) is connected to the pressure sensor (6);所述压力传感器（6），用于将所述连接筒体（10）内压力信号传输至地面。The pressure sensor (6) is used for transmitting the pressure signal in the connecting cylinder (10) to the ground.4.根据权利要求1所述的高能气体泡沫压裂工艺，其特征在于：4. high-energy gas foam fracturing process according to claim 1, is characterized in that:所述高能气体压裂装置包括压裂管柱（1）；The high-energy gas fracturing device comprises a fracturing string (1);所述发泡机构的下端与所述压裂管柱（1）连接。The lower end of the foaming mechanism is connected to the fracturing string (1).5.根据权利要求4所述的高能气体泡沫压裂工艺，其特征在于：5. high-energy gas foam fracturing process according to claim 4, is characterized in that:所述压裂管柱（1）上设有射孔（4）；The fracturing string (1) is provided with perforations (4);所述射孔（4）沿所述压裂管柱（1）周向布置，每个所述射孔（4）对应设置电火花点火装置（5）。The perforations (4) are arranged along the circumferential direction of the fracturing string (1), and an electric spark ignition device (5) is correspondingly provided in each of the perforations (4).6.根据权利要求5所述的高能气体泡沫压裂工艺，其特征在于：6. high-energy gas foam fracturing process according to claim 5, is characterized in that:所述压裂管柱（1）上连接封隔器（2）及定位器（3）；A packer (2) and a locator (3) are connected to the fracturing string (1);所述封隔器（2），用于封隔目的层；The packer (2) is used to pack the target layer;所述定位器（3），用于将所述压裂管柱（1）定位至所述目的层。The positioner (3) is used for positioning the fracturing string (1) to the target layer.7.根据权利要求1所述的高能气体泡沫压裂工艺，其特征在于：7. high-energy gas foam fracturing process according to claim 1, is characterized in that:所述高能气体泡沫压裂装置通过连续油管（8）下入至所述目的层。The high-energy gas foam fracturing device is run down to the target layer through a coiled tubing (8).

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