CN1121058A - Marking implements with a marking core and a hydraulically settable sheath and their methods of manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention is a marking implement with a hydraulically setting sheath and a marking core. The hydraulically setting sheath has a hydraulically setting matrix formed from the reaction products of hydraulic cement and water. Additional components may be utilized in the hydraulically setting matrix such as aggregate materials, fibrous materials, and rheology modifying agents.

Description

Marking instrument and manufacture method thereof with mark core and hydraulically settable

The present invention relates to novel hydraulic curable material and manufacture method thereof, be in particular the marking instrument that comprises the curable bar of hydraulic with mark core.This marking instrument has a curable bar of hydraulic and the mark core such as pencil, pen, and it can with efficient, low expense and that environment is not had the mode of influence be manufactured.

The application be one with Per Just doctor Anderson and Simon K.Hodson name subsequent application in the common pending application of the application number 08/019151 of " cement material and the manufacture method thereof that are used for packaging vessel " by name of application on February 17th, 1993.Also be to be the subsequent application of 08/095662 common pending application with Per Just doctor Andersen and Simon K.Hodson name in the application number of application on July 21st, 1993 " being used for storing container that the hydraulic of packing and wrap food and beverage is curable and manufacture method thereof " by name.

The pen that is used for traditional marking instrument such as disposable and non-once, machinery or on-mechanical pencil, the penholder of ink markings pen and cosmetic pen and so on is typically mainly made with plastics or timber.Plastics and timber have been taken as the penholder that good material is produced marking instrument, but their application has produced cost, the problem of efficient and environmental disruption.

Plastics are the used materials of the penholder of most of marking instruments, as plastic pencil, and disposable or non-once pen, mechanical pencil, ink markings pen (being sometimes referred to as " magnetic marker pen ") and cosmetic pencil.The widespread use of plastics is because its significant superiority as the penholder of these marking instruments.

Plastics generally are inexpensive, in light weight, solid and durable.Producing marker with plastic bar, to have a cost directly related with the cost as the oil production of the raw material of plastic prod.Though plastics are very cheap,, will rise by the determined product price of the application quantity of petroleum products because petroleum resources become poorer.

Except that the tangible chemical hazard of plastic prod, the plastic degradation that is used for pen or pencil is very slow, buried underground and when breaking away from the erosion action of light, empty G﹠W especially like this.

Yet the continuous applying portion of plastics is the effects owing to economy, and as also often resisting the fact of the creation of new standard to changing, be accustomed to, reach big manufacturers's formulation Industrial materials, the resistance of the risk that loses its market share is emitted in old thus industry.

When pencil was generally made with plastic bar, timber continued aspect the disposable pencil be the main material of using.Yet make pencil with rod and on the basis of the cost that adds the rod lath, become very expensive.In addition, can not adopt inexpensive continuous processing to make Wood-bar pencil.Wood-bar pencil is normally made by the many special conditionss that comprise extensive work and the technology of lock out operation.

In the standard technology of making Wood-bar pencil, only the selected timber of one-level is used.The timber quantity that is suitable for is limited, and only is the China fir that is normally used for senior goods.Timber must be dried under suitable weather condition.Rosin or content of oil and grease own should both be no more than and also be not less than certain restriction.Ready timber is sent to following operation after being sawn into thin plate with special saw: painted, fluting inserts lead, and is bonding, and thick polishing is cut into the work in-process pencil and further is polished into usual sexangle or circle.Polishing and lacquering technique also comprise a large amount of work and many independently operations.Load onto rubber at last.

When to make the Wood-bar pencil technology be expensive and useless, a large amount of in addition timber were wasted, along with the further shortage of the timber that can be used for pencil, and the not tolerable that just becomes of the useless phenomenon of this wave.In addition, the environmental influence of felling the timber be used to produce pencil becomes one of reason of global deforestation.

The substitute and the technology thereof of rod and the manufacturing process that comprised thereof are being sought always, and the material that substitutes usual rod comprises plastics, and paper roll goods and mixing have or not the material of the wood chip of absorbent cellulosic.Come out though the pencil that the penholder made from the various materials except that batten is produced is manufactured, its suitability can't replace usual wooden pencil fully.

The bar made from the material except that batten is produced pencil and has been alleviated some with the problem that batten produced, as the more and more expensive timber of expensive complicated technology and dependence etc.Yet the alternate material has also produced their problem separately.For example, owing to use paper roll, wood pulp and produced pollution thing in the plastics manufacturing processed.

Metal also is used as the bar of some marking instruments.Bar by the metal manufacturing is expensive, and also causes environmental disruption.

Material does not cause the application of hydraulic curable materials such as cement or gypsum (hereinafter " hydraulic is curable ", " hydraulic " or " cement " synthetics, material or mixture) to the needs of low price and environment in making marking instrument.Yet the hydraulic curable materials is economical, and comprises the composition of environmental sound, as rock, and sand, clay and water.See that with economical and ecological viewpoint hydraulic curable materials be suitable for really the serving as a mark preferred material of utensil substitutes timber, plastics and metal.

Because the characteristic of hydraulic curable materials itself and process the problem that these materials produce, the hydraulic curable materials can't be used to make the light object that resembles marking instrument and so on.Some characteristics own reach by this material and the processing problem that this material produced and comprise: high workability, low tensile strength, shape stability low, long set time after to these material formings, be bonded on the former and water is seeped on the surface of formed article.Because the result of the processing problems of self character and hydraulic curable materials, their purposes is limited to big basically, heavy structure, and these structures are durable, and are strong and inexpensive relatively.

The structure that contains water cement is to form cement admixture and constitute by the water cement that is mixed with water is mixed with common certain filler basically, and the cement admixture hardening becomes concrete.Best, the cement admixture of just having become reconciled is noncohesive fully, viscid and can with hand-mixing and and moulding.Because its fluid properties, concrete generally by injecting mould, are got rid of a large amount of air pockets as possible, and are made its hardening.

Some concrete mix also has been squeezed in the slab of flat basically simple shape.In the later case, cement admixture must be viscosity with cohesively intensity in order to avoid damage (promptly by required warpage).If the surface of cement components is exposed, as the concrete walkway, this surface of precision work makes it multi-functional and produce additional effect for required surface characteristic it.

Because the special cement mixture needs the flowability of high level to have sufficient workability, it is big basically that the purposes of concrete and other hydraulic curable mixtures is limited in by major part, heavy and simple shape heaviness, and they need shape that mechanical force keeps them up to the abundant curing that material occurred.The purposes of cement material also since concrete intensive property be limited, promptly because the low ratio of tensile strength with high compressive strength and tensile strength.The ratio of ultimate compression strength and tensile strength is typically at about 10: 1.

Another restriction is that traditional cement admixture or mud have only very little or do not have shape stability and mixture injected in the space that external bracing baffle plate or wall arranged cast last shape.In conjunction with the low tensile strength of per unit weight, because plasticity difference cement material usually only is to be applicable to that size and weight are not limiting factor, and the power or the load that are used on the concrete are limited to pressure or compressive load basically, resemble as post, the basis, road is in the application of walkway and wall.

Shrinking or destroying easily when crooked or fracture illustrates that at large tensile strength in concrete (approximately 1-4MPa) is low by concrete, and do not resembling other material such as metal, paper, plastics or pottery are like that.Therefore, the Portland cement material is unsuitable for making little, thin-walled, light object, as must be with than the tension of the per unit weight of Portland cement and the penholder that the high a lot of material of flexible intensity is made, it has a big cross section be very unfavorable.

Recently, the high strength cement material is developed, and it may be used to make littler, more closely knit thing.A kind of such material is to be known as " Macro-defeetFrec " or " MDF " concrete, resembles in the US4410366 of Birchall etc. disclosed.And see that USDOE CTL plans CR7851-4330 S.L.Weiss, " as metal, plastics, the high tensile cement cream of the low-yield surrogate of pottery and timber " (in November, 1984 final report) of E.M.Gartner and S.W.Tresouthick.Yet such high strength cement material price is too expensive and will be unsuitable for producing inexpensive penholder, and many more suitable materials (as timber and plastics) that are more suitable for producing penholder are to buy easily.Another shortcoming is that the MDF concrete can not be used to the small and light thing of scale operation, this be since a large amount of time and efforts flower be shaped and hardened material in, and in fact it is a highly water-soluble.In addition, such material has high viscosity and high yielding stress, reaches dimensionally stable after these overslaughs are molded and molded.

Common even up-to-date another shortcoming that strong concrete had of developing is that almost most of concrete need long set time at large.The finished product of normal concrete production begins to need 10-24 hour hardening cycle on concreting machinery ground before rest from flowable mixture, reaches at concrete to be equivalent to then take more than one month before its maximum strength.The maintenance that must adopt the minimum heart reaches enough demoulding strengths to avoid mobile cement article up to them.Before the above-mentioned time, move or the demoulding can cause the broken of cement structures matrix usually or flows.In case from rest, these goods can be by the demoulding, though it generally also takes several days even just can reach most final strength after a few week.

Economy and industrialized mass cement products have been difficulty, and this is because to use mold to cause the production of concrete product and cycle basic time even MIN concrete curing usually when shaping cement article also be essential.The difficulty of mold has been increased for small and light article.Though no-slump concrete is used to " in enormous quantities " and produces big and stupid article such as template, this class of large-size pipe or brick is immediately just from the article of rest, and this " typical products in mass production " only is with the effective speeds of thousands of of every days aspect the product of producing.Such composition and method can not be used to produce small and light article in enormous quantities with thousands of speed per hour.In addition, no-slump concrete has high viscosity and high yielding stress basically, and this is unfavorable for reaching shape stability behind mold and the mold.

May produce further problem for the cement products demoulding.Because concrete curing, it adheres on the mould easily, unless use expensive releasing agent, as mold oil.Usually need be with chock wedge rapping to pull down them, wedge chock like this is if each incorrect and wedge in earnest can cause around the broken of structural edge usually or damages.Such problem has further limited especially with small and light cement article or the member of any industry form manufacturing in enormous quantities except that flat board.

If in the outer wall of the cement spare of mold and the bounding force between the mould interior bonding or the tensile strength greater than moulded piece, the dismounting of mould will make more weak wall or other device failure of mold spare probably.Therefore, traditional cement article must be large volume and be thick and shape very simple, damage when the demoulding avoiding, otherwise will use expensive releasing agent and other careful measures.

General concreter's technology also require cement be cast into the back by tamping suitably in order to avoid in drip molding or in structural matrix, there is trachoma to exist.This generally is to finish with different vibrations or stirring means.Yet the problem that tamping brought is behind concrete casting, its widely undue oscillation can cause its segregation or water to ooze out.

It is because the precipitation of heavier polymkeric substance moves on the concrete upper surface of firm casting water that water oozes out.Over-drastic water oozes out the ratio that has increased the upper surface of close concrete slab place water and the ratio of cement, and this has correspondingly weakened or lowered the wearing quality on this plate surface.Concrete excessive processing not only brings surperficial water yield surplus in finishing technological process, and the meeting purified material, causes surface imperfection afterwards.

In addition, the essence of traditional water mud material presents another kind of about the porousness of cement material and the design limitations of price.The utilization of traditional water mud material needs or is that undesirable porous reaches low cost, or is the expensive low porosity that reaches.

Owing to above a variety of causes and other reason, cement material has not had large-scale drip molding, the industrial applications outside the plate type member, and they can only be as buildings, basis, walkway, motorway, watt material or glue fragment of brick or solidified concrete blocks as mortar.Even the imagination (saying nothing of practical experience) is made the small and light article of cement material such as the penholder of marking instrument, they are immediately by light and intensity is high resembles timber, and the such material of plastics and paper is produced on a large scale to be counterintuitive fully and to be opposite with people's experience.

In a word, what do is to be equivalent to or to be better than use timber, provides the method for improved manufacturing marking instrument penholder on the price of plastics or metallic substance manufacturing marking instrument penholder.

In addition, its an important advantage is that the production penholder is with having the material littler to environmental influence, having reduced timber, the needs of plastics and metal, comprised recyclable material, and can not be created in wood, the waste that produces during the penholder of plastics and metallic substance is made.

Be compatible to earth and disappear finally that to be dissolved in wherein chemical composition will also be novel fully and important advantage if the penholder that such method is produced and other article have.

For the cement manufacturing technology that constitutes penholder and can be by hydraulic curable materials industrialization processing, with obtain shape stability rapidly and be shaped after handle immediately and not outer rest to keep the method for the manufacturing penholder of its shape also will be novel.

At technology that constitutes the shaping penholder by the hydraulic curable mixtures and the such penholder of mass production, also will be another advantage not being bonded at after the shaping on the mould workpiece and can be directly pulling down aspect the method for not damaging penholder from the mould workpiece.

At last, another object of the present invention is structure penholder and the method for not damaging penholder from the mould workpiece direct taking-up the in penholder shaping back.Such method is disclosed and is required right at this.

The present invention includes by a mark core and one have the hydraulic solidify material constitute matrix penholder marking instrument and make the method for such marking instrument.The structural matrix of penholder is by the cement such as hydraulic, and gypsum and other this class hydraulic curable materials of material by water cure or hardening are made.Being had by a mark core and one within the scope of the invention made marking instrument that the penholder of structural matrix constitutes by the hydraulic curable materials and is applied to mark with the form of pencil, pen, mechanical pin, ink markings pen and cosmetic pencil and analogue, write, painted, apply or be used for making up and similarly use.

Because such material is used, some performance can not be reached the penholder structural matrix of being made by the hydraulic curable materials (following is " hydraulically settable " or " penholder ") in advance.The application of these materials make penholder economy production in enormous quantities for may do not produce the technological problems relevant with such material.In addition, additive can arbitrarily be used with adhesives, and it also can make structural matrix have good performance.

Because the use of hydraulic curable materials does not have and corresponding unwanted characteristic of institute of general hydraulic curable materials and technological problems, the manufacturing of penholder is implemented by the microstructure technology.The microstructure technology is the technology that is based upon on the curable microstructure of hydraulic, comprises some required predetermined characteristics such as intensity, flexibility, color and the proportion of finished product.The method of this microstructure technology is considered the design of the penholder with structural matrix, and structural matrix is owing to adopt various widely commercially available material to have predetermined performance.Use this method, desired characteristic is designed in the microstructure of structural matrix, has optimized the others of cost value and typical products in mass production manufacturing system simultaneously.

The effect of microstructure technological method be can make many various up to the present by timber, the variant production that plastics and metal are made.And, the present invention with one generally can with use timber, the marking instrument that penholder that plastics or metallic substance are made is made is in interior cost competition, and better cost is manufactured in many cases.

Because hydraulically settable of the present invention only contains natural components, also is more suitable for utilizing again, the manufacturing of this penholder is than using timber, and the manufacturing of the marking instrument of the penholder that plastics or metallic substance are made is littler to the influence of environment.Different with the manufacturing of marlinspike bar, hydraulically settable need not chop at a tree provides the novel material of making penholder.

The major ingredient of penholder of the present invention mainly comprises inorganic materials, and as the curable adhesives of hydraulic (as water cement and gypsum), stopping composition is (as sand, calcite, alumina, rhombspar, granite, quartz, glass, silica, perlite, vermiculite, clay, even waste concrete product), fiber (organic and inorganic fibre), the fluidised form modifying agent, dispersion agent and need water together with curable jointing material hydration of hydraulic or the setting accelerator that reacts.

Make the preferred construction matrix of penholder is made by the resultant of reaction of cement or other hydraulic curable mixtures according to the present invention.This hydraulic curable mixtures will include hydraulic jointing material and the water that resembles water cement or gypsum hemihydrate and so at least.The porosity of the curable structural matrix of hydraulic that is drawn by these mixtures can be reduced as far as possible by the ratio that keeps low water and hydraulic binder.

For required characteristics design on hydraulic curable mixtures and/or the curable structural matrix of solidified hydraulic, various other additives are comprised in the hydraulic mixture, such as one or more pellets, fiber, the fluidised form modifying agent, dispersion agent, setting accelerator, air, whipping agent or reactive metal.The density of any additives and quality will be decided by the required character of hydraulic curable mixtures and its final crimp penholder of making.

In some cases, preferably can in mixture, contain one or more materials to produce smooth surface in order to increase volume and to reduce the mixture cost.Pellet provides effective strength characteristics usually and has improved workability.The example of such pellet has common sand, calcite, and Wingdale, alumina, rhombspar, grouan and quartz, they are environmentally safe fully, cheaply and basically can not use up extremely.

Under other situation, in order to obtain lighter final solidified product, light pellet may be added into.The example of vermiculite has fine perlite, vermiculite, hollow glass ball, aerogel, xerogel and other light mineral material.These pellets are safe and inexpensive relatively to environment equally.

Fiber is added in the hydraulic curable mixtures to increase the tensile strength of penholder, flexural strength, ultimate compression strength, force of cohesion intensity and shock-resistance.Fiber should preferably have high-tear strength, rupture strength and tensile strength.The fiber of high slenderness ratio preferably adds so that the hydraulic curable materials has intensity and toughness at leisure.

Because be used in the variability of the hydraulic curable mixtures in the penholder manufacturing, organic and inorganic various fibers can be utilized.The example of fiber comprises biodegradable plastic preferably, glass, and silicon-dioxide, ceramic, metal, charcoal, fiber crops, leaf and stem, xylon (as southern pine), flax, sugarcane are quenched by (sugar-cane fiber), cotton and fiber crops (high slenderness ratio).Abaca is preferred fiber, and it extracts from a kind of banana shape flax plant that is easy to see in Philippines.In addition, the successive fiber can be employed, as if Kevlar, Ploycramite, glass fibre, charcoal fiber and cellulosic fibre.

The fluidised form modifying agent can be added with increase force of cohesion intensity, plastic properties, and mixture keeps the ability of its shape when mold or extrusion molding.They play the effect of thickening material and increase the viscosity of mixture and the yielding stress of mixture, and yielding stress is the amount that makes the required reactive force of mixture distortion.In the product of mold or extrusion molding, produce so higher " wet tenacity ".The fluidised form modifying agent that is suitable for comprises various cellulosic, starch and material proteinic basal component, and they play, and a dispersive cement granules links together and the effect of water agglomerative.

On the other hand, dispersion agent works to reduce mixture viscosity and yielding stress by separating dispersive hydraulic matrix material particle.Can keep enough processibility levels simultaneously by enough water seldom like this.The dispersion agent that is suitable for comprises and anyly can be attracted on the hydraulic matrix material particle surface and usually by producing a charged surface zone on the particle or by insert the material that electric charge plays the separating particles effect in the multiple layer of colloid.

Under the situation that a kind of fluidised form modifying agent and dispersion agent all are used, the first step adds dispersion agent to add the fluidised form modifying agent will be best second step then usually, and this can keep their useful usefulness separately.On the other hand, if the absorption of the at first bonded material granule of fluidised form modifying agent, it can produce a protection glue-line, it will stop dispersion agent to be adsorbed by particle and its useful efficiency and function to the hydraulic curable mixtures.

The curable structural matrix of hydraulic mainly is made up of inorganic materials, is the fiber of main component and/or the organic component the fluidised form modifying agent but some embodiment also can contain such as Mierocrystalline cellulose.Yet these organic components only account for a very little part of making the used hydraulic curable materials of penholder total amount.In addition, some is used to organic fibre enough agricultural synthesis planting with machinery of energy and harvesting among the present invention, as flax fiber.

In addition, the marking instrument of hydraulically settable is major ingredient production or the raw material that is transformed without oil, is different from the manufacturing of plastic penholder marking instrument.Like this, though a certain amount of oil need be used for producing the used energy of manufacturing of the marking instrument of hydraulically settable, plastic penholder consumed far fewer than producing.

The basic skills of making marking instrument comprises: (1) mechanically mixing is pulverized in high shear mixer water cement and water, then insert mixture in the penholder to the mark core around the mark core shaping penholder or the penholder that is shaped to form cement cream and (2).Except mixing the cement of pulverizing and water, can add other required material as required, as additive, fiber, fluidised form modifying agent, dispersion agent and setting accelerator make the hydraulic curable mixtures of generation have required rheological and maximum intensity, weight and characteristic cheaply.The penholder that is shaped by this mixture can be dried or solidify basically.Mixing and solidified mode also can influence the final response of the curable structural matrix of hydraulic of hardening.In addition, coating and covering can be used to finish required precision work.

The present invention can be processed into immediately have enough from rest intensity, the penholder of the shape stability and the desired shape that behind basic solidifying formation, can move immediately.Further, the marking instrument with hydraulically settable and mark core is withdrawed from from the mould device easily.

An object of the present invention is to propose to make the composition and the method for marking instrument with hydraulically settable and mark core.

A further object of the present invention is to propose to produce composition and the method for making the marking instrument with hydraulically settable and mark pen core easily and economically.

An object of the present invention is to make that the manufacturing that reduces owing to the general labelling utensil produces to the penholder of the influence of environment.

Another object of the present invention is composition and the method that proposes to make the marking instrument with hydraulically settable and mark core, and hydraulically settable wherein can have various shape, performance and color.

Incidental purpose of the present invention is to propose to make to have the composition and the method that can not be bonded at the marking instrument on the mould device of hydraulically settable and mark core.

It is composition and the method that proposes to make the marking instrument with the penholder that is shaped by the curable adhesives of hydraulic that the present invention also has another purpose, the curable adhesives of this hydraulic can promptly be handled the material of shaping obtaining its shape of maintenance under shape stability and the situation at outer rest not after the shaping rapidly after shaping.

At last, a further object of the invention is composition and the method that proposes the such penholder of mass production, and such penholder can not be bonded on the mould device after shaping and can directly withdraw from from the mould device, can not damage penholder.

Further aim of the present invention and advantage will occur in the following description, that is to say by obviously finding out in the explanation, or can be by learning in the enforcement of the present invention.Objects and advantages of the present invention are by specifically noted method in incidental claims and in conjunction with being known from experience and obtain.

Obtain above-mentioned or other the advantage and the mode of purpose of the present invention in order to understand more fully, the more detailed description of the specific embodiment that reference of the present invention is illustrated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is described.That be to be understood that these accompanying drawings describe only is typical embodiment of the present invention and should not think qualification to its scope.In the present best mode of understanding of the present invention, make and use the invention of above-mentioned marking instrument to be illustrated incidental characteristic is arranged in addition and describe in detail, wherein by accompanying drawing

Fig. 1 is a skeleton view according to marking instrument of the present invention, and this utensil is the state of fining away.

Fig. 2 is a skeleton view according to marking instrument of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a skeleton view according to another kind of marking instrument of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a skeleton view according to another kind of marking instrument again of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a skeleton view according to another kind of marking instrument of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a skeleton view according to another marking instrument of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a skeleton view according to also a kind of marking instrument of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a kind of skeleton view according to another marking instrument of the present invention.

The present invention relates to have the marking instrument of hydraulically settable and mark core, it resembles traditional timber of using that has, plastics or metal target marking instrument, as machinery or on-mechanical pencil, the effect of pen and ink markings pen is used for mark, write, draw, painted, apply or be used for making up.Can design a kind of hydraulic curable mixtures with a kind of method of microstructure technology, it can be produced in enormous quantities penholder easily and economically, simultaneously effectively than the influence of common penholder minimizing to environment.Specifically, The present invention be directed to the marking instrument with hydraulically settable and mark core, wherein penholder is by being light on it and having the high intensity and the hydraulic curable materials of the ratio of bulk specific gravity to make.Can effectively utilize local production, and littler than normally used mark equipment to the influence of environment.Marking instrument may be the disposable marking instruments of disposable also possibility right and wrong within the scope of the present invention.

Penholder of the present invention has produced than usual penholder and has reduced at material and aborning cost and reduced when obtaining to produce the material of penholder, materials processing is become penholder and when using the processing of penholder to the influence of environment.The utilization of these purposes by the penholder that is shaped by the hydraulic curable materials overcomes bad characteristic and the processing problems relevant with usual hydraulic curable materials simultaneously and is implemented.

The bad characteristic relevant with usual hydraulic curable materials shown that till now the hydraulic curable materials can not be applied to produce in enormous quantities the penholder of small and light and thin-walled.These characteristics and the processing problems of the usual hydraulic curable materials of the production in enormous quantities of anti-penholder material have: highly porous, low tensile strength, low shape stability behind the forming materials, adheres on the mould device and elutriation is seeped on the surface of drip molding at long set time.Characteristic that these are bad and processing problems by mixture design and the combination of the uniqueness of technology be overcome.

Do not have the bad characteristic and the processing problems of usual hydraulic curable materials for reach needed performance on resulting penholder, suitable hydraulic curable adhesive is developed on the basis of microstructure technological method.The detailed description that is used to make the hydraulic curable binder material of food and drink container is number to be 08/095662 at aforesaid common pending application to be called in the application of " being used for storing; container that the hydraulic of packing and wrap food and beverage is curable and manufacture method thereof ", this is to be applied on July 21st, 1993 by doctor PerJustAndersen and Simon K.Hodson.In addition, detailed description of cement material of container that is used to make common packing and stores the food of all kinds is number to be 08/019151 at aforesaid common pending application, the application that name is called " cement material and the manufacture method thereof that are used for packaging vessel " illustrates, this is to be applied on February 17th, 1993 by Per Just doctor Audersen and Simon K.Hodson.In order to illustrate, these applications are bonded to here by reference particularly.In case the hydraulic curable materials that is suitable for is produced, disclosed and institute advocates that the faster concrete grammar of protecting of the penholder of manufacturing more cheaply just has been developed.

In a word, the bad character of usual hydraulic curable materials and processing problems are overcome by the acting in conjunction of some factors below the present invention particularly, described factor is: known hydraulic curable mixtures composition, mixture composition ratio, mixture constituent structure and chemical property, add the order of mixture composition, blending means, the using miniature structure technology strictly adds the mixture composition and is created in uniform characteristic in the whole penholder, method with mixture shaping penholder, former, curing, coating layer and subsides crust and structure design.These technology will illustrate in greater detail in the back.

Can be by to suitable selection Be Controlled about the specific nature of any product and quality in this composition of informing and manufacture method.Therefore, at various differing materials and use on the basis of the mixture that concentration produces and can be made with various physical property and character, described mixture or be subjected to mold is cast or is squeezed at the marking instrument within the scope of the invention.Matrix of the present invention is designed to have about 1 to 300MPacm³The ratio of the tensile strength the between/g scope and volume weight.The ratio of the tensile strength of matrix and volume weight about 2 to 50MPacm³Better be preferably in about 3 in the scope of/g to 20MPacm³In the scope of/g.

As mentioned above, utensil of the present invention is developed by the character of microstructure technology.The microstructure technology comprises that making microstructure shaping and application art step reach one of uniform microstructure generation has the finished product that mix.The microstructure of fair certain the hydraulic curable materials that needs of design of microstructure technology, predetermined character, and guarantee to have stayed known cost and other problem in making simultaneously.Trial and error method mixing that the replacement of microstructure technology trial and error method is usual and experiment trial and error method have obtained to design has the hydraulic curable materials for the suitable more necessary character of marking instrument such as intensity, weight, cost and environmental concerns.

The quantity that can be used to make the material of specific product be a large amount of-estimate between 50,000 to 80,000.They can take from kind widely, as metal, and polymkeric substance, synthetic rubber, pottery, glass, matrix material and cement.The kind that wherein provides has some something in common in character on technology and the use-pattern.For example, pottery has high-module, and polymkeric substance has the bed die number; Metal can be cast or is swaged into shape and matrix material needs coating or special forming technique, and cement has high flexible intensity and synthetic rubber has low flexible intensity.

Yet such division has its danger; It will cause specialization (the metal expert is ignorant of the thing of pottery) and some peasants are conservatively-minded (we are because we always use it with steel).This just specialization and some peasants are conservatively-minded have limited the condition that various products use the hydraulic curable materials, as about marking instrument.However, in case recognize that the hydraulic curable materials has wide like this application and can be designed and by with the microstructure manufacturing, they just can be applied on the various possible products is obvious.

First owing to be subjected to the main constraint of design requirements, and secondly owing to seek the subclass that is suitable for bringing into play the composition materials with function most, the design of formation of the present invention has been developed and narrow range.Yet the course of processing recognize that design can be important by the necessity with the product manufactured that price competitiveness be arranged in free.

The design characteristics of the composition that material plays a decisive role owing to the product to success in selecting, main constraint is produced.For the marking instrument with hydraulically settable, these main constraints comprise minimal weight, intensity and seeking and timber, constant price such as plastics or metal or the toughness reguirements when being lower than their price.In addition, other constraint comprises production in weight, intensity, the suitable hydraulic curable materials of penholder of toughness and flexible aspect and usual marking instrument.

By top discussion, one of problem of hydraulic curable materials such as cement aspect is that cement admixture is cast in the mould, and it is shaped then has a long time cycle for placing and solidifying.This generally is several days or a few week.The expert it is generally acknowledged that flower makes concrete product reach the basic degree of optimal strength at least one month, but they also allow most of concrete products not reach its maximum strength through many decades.Such time cycle, particularly disposable marking instrument was quite unpractiaca for a large amount of production marking instrument of economy.

Therefore, an important feature of the present invention is after the hydraulic curable mixtures is by mold, it will keep its wet condition shape (as, such as being subjected to gravity and because himself weight of rest under the effect of mobile so less power of processing unit) and need not outside rest.In addition, from the prospect of producing, for economic production, importantly the hydraulically settable of Cheng Xinging at once (can soon just fast) piece reach enough intensity and make it can be for next process is moved, though this hydraulic curable mixtures also may be with wet condition and hardening fully.

Another advantage of microstructure technology trial and error method of the present invention is that it has the cross section of the developing structural matrix ability than the more uniform formation that general prior art reached.The about 0.5n that works as any two given curable structural matrixs of hydraulic ideally³The sampling of (wherein " n " is the smallest cross-sectional of material) is removed, and they will have the hole of substantially the same amount, pellet, fiber or other any additives and matrix characteristics.What reach matrix evenly is to rely on the correct interpolation that mixes composition, and it has been optimized each and has mixed the character of composition and make the acting in conjunction between composition reach required performance.

Provided by the ratio of tensile strength with crushing strength by the coefficient data of aforesaid method between composition, this ratio is basically greater than this ratio of usual hydraulic curable materials.

With following discussion, will understand various composition materials, wherein the hydraulic curable mixtures will exert an influence to main design constraint.In this example, concrete material and constitute the combination of being finished required character by statement with the characteristic of much qualifications of each composition of practical illustration.

Term " marking instrument " is used in to mean in this specification sheets and incidental claims and comprises mark core and the penholder of being made by the hydraulic curable materials.Marking instrument comprises any pencil with hydraulically settable, cosmetic pencil, ink markings pen, machine pencil within the scope of the invention, pen, ceramic marker pen, chalk (wax crayon) and greasepaint pen, they are used as mark, write, drawing, painted, apply or be used for making up.Marking instrument with hydraulically settable and mark core should be used to mark, writes, and draws, and is painted or be used for making up.

Term " hydraulically settable " is used in to mean in this specification sheets and incidental claims and comprises any penholder of being made by the hydraulic curable materials, it has shape and the effect identical with the penholder made from the custom material, to be used for making pencil, mechanical pencil, pen, cosmetic pencil, plastics ink markings pen, the metallic ink marker pen, ceramic marker pen, powder (cured) pen and greasepaint pen.

Term " mark core " is used in to mean in this specification sheets and incidental claims and comprises that any instrument that makes marks from the teeth outwards includes but are not limited to any graphite clay lead pencil heart; The colored pencil heart; Contain marking fluid and the core pipe as the ball pen type of emitting the marking fluid device is arranged; Resemble the water-absorption fiber body of the dipping marking fluid that is used in the colour water pen; Be connected to the water-absorption fiber body that marking fluid is housed; The marking fluid of supplying with in the mode of any usual pen or mark; The marking fluid of the predetermined amount that is kept in the penholder and discharges in the mode of release mark liquid; The solid cosmetic pen core that the common mode of pencil formula is used; The pottery marker pen; Greasepaint pen etc.Term " marking fluid " is used in and means any charge of flowable solids and liquid that can be received and be released on the labeled surface in this specification sheets and incidental claims, and it includes but are not limited to liquid ink, paste ink, pigment and dyestuff.

Term " mark core " is used in also to mean in specification sheets of the present invention and incidental claims and comprises the mark pen core that can take out and remain on mark pen core in the penholder regularly from penholder.In addition, have the marking instrument that the mark pen core remains in the penholder regularly and be designed between penholder and mark core with adhesives adherent form by using caking agent, this also is within the scope of the present invention.

Within the scope of the invention, marking instrument with hydraulically settable can be used any structure that is used for the general labelling utensil, these structures energy quilts are with resembling metal, and plastics, the common material of rubber and timber and so on are made or made with the hydraulic curable materials.In scope of the present invention, marking instrument also comprises such as being fixed on protective cap or the lid that clip that is used on the marking instrument on pocket and the termination that prevents the mark core are exposed.In addition, within the scope of the invention be one the dress erasing apparatus device.The example of device of a dress erasing apparatus is the common wrinkle ring that is used on the common pencil, and in addition, an end of hydraulically settable can be made into and is suitable for inserting an erasing apparatus and need not protects erasing apparatus by above-mentioned metal ring.The device of the dress alter device that another is suitable for has the shape that is applied to the standard machinery pencil.

Other structure within the scope of the invention comprises the device of the mark core being inserted the device in the penholder and the mark core is moved in reliable mode in penholder.Example of inserting the device of mark core with reliable fashion be one be used for the identical conical portion of conical portion that cheap ink pen supports the ink cartridge pipe and inserts plastic penholder.The device of movement indicia core in penholder that many widespread uses are arranged.An example of the device of movement indicia core comprises that with a spring around mark core one end this spring is fixed on also has the mechanism at the mark core the other end in the penholder, and it and the engagement of mark core are stretched out in penholder or the retraction penholder mark core.Another kind common apparatus of mobile penholder in penholder has two penholders, and they move the mark core when penholder spare is rotated in the opposite direction.These devices that are used for the standard machinery pencil also are applicable to the penholder movement indicia core of the marking instrument within the scope of the invention.

The material that is used with method of the present invention produces intensity by the chemical reaction of water and hydraulic jointing material, and described hydraulic binder is such as water cement, calcium sulfate (or gypsum) semihydrate, and the material of hardening behind other other Heshui.Term " hydraulic curable materials " is used in that to comprise any its structural matrix and intensive property in this specification sheets and incidental claims be the material that is come by hydraulic binder hardening or curing.This comprises cement material, and the plaster of Paris and other are limited to hydraulic curable materials wherein.It is distinguishing being used for hydraulic curable adhesive of the present invention and being resembling glue or the tackiness agent with other cement or the organic cement of the insoluble polymerizable of tackiness agent such as water.

Term " hydraulic curable materials " " water cement material " or " cement material " briefly limit composition and material with meaning here, they had both comprised the curable adhesives of hydraulic and had also comprised water, did not consider the one-tenth degree of hydration or the curing that has taken place.Therefore, term " hydraulic curable materials " should comprise hydraulic cream or hydraulic curable mixtures hydraulic curable product or the concrete product in wet condition (as also not hardening) and hardening in other words.

Term " the curable adhesives of hydraulic " or " hydraulic adhesives " are used in and mean any inorganic adhesive material in this specification sheets and incidental claims, resemble water cement, these have obtained strength characteristics and hardness gypsum hemihydrate or calcium oxide after reacting with water chemistry, and calcium oxide all can hardening in empty G﹠W in some cases.Term " water cement " or " cement " are used in to mean in the incidental specification sheets of this specification sheets and comprise grog and grind fragmentation in step and the various particle size at each, grind the grog of pulverizing and processing.

Example at general water cement known in the art comprises: the cyclopean family of Portland cement (comprising the general Portland cement except that gypsum), aluminous cement (comprising the aluminous cement except adding stablizer), the plaster of Paris, silicate cement (comprising beta-dicalcium silicate silicate, general silicate and its mixture), gypsum cement, phosphoric acid cement, high-alumina cement, meticulous cement, slag cement, the pellet of magnesium oxychloride cement and coating fine cement granules.Other useful cement comprises MDF cement, DSP cement, Pyrament type cement and Densit type cement.

Other cement as known in the art also represented to be included in term " water cement ", as α-Dicalcium Phosphate (Feed Grade) silicate, they can be by water hardening under hydrating condition in the field of the invention, and the basic Chemical Composition of water cement is usually included in CaO, SiO within the scope of the present invention₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, MgO, SO₃, between various combinations, they one react and generate non-soluble calcium silicate cement compound in a series of combinations, carbonate is (by CO₂Add water generates in the air neutralization), the resultant of vitriol and other salt or calcium and magnesium, they and they hydrate is together.In above-mentioned water-insoluble salt, aluminium and iron are considered to need be added among the complicated combination.The solidified cement products is the combination matrix of water-insoluble hydrate and salt, their be combined and combine first samples of image-stone and same inert is arranged.

The curable composition of hydraulic generally combines and forms with water by blended hydraulic jointing material or with their (as water cements); The mixture that draws is called " hydraulic mud cream " (or " cement cream ").Mixed while of hydraulic jointing material and water or add certain pellet subsequently and be mixed into " hydraulic curable mixtures ".The example of hydraulic curable mixtures is by the mixing water water cement, and water and certain pellet such as sand or stone form mortar and concrete.

Gypsum also is the curable jointing material of hydraulic, and it can be become a kind of jointing material of hardening after the hydration.But the form of a kind of hydration of gypsum is a calcium sulfate hemihydrate, is known as " gypsum hemihydrate ".The hydrated form of gypsum is a calcium sulfate dihydrate, is known as " gypsum dihydrate ".Calcium sulfate hemihydrate also can mix with the calcium sulfate dehydrate, is known as " gypsum dehydration thing " or is called for short " dehydrate ".

Though it is solid that gypsum adhesives or other hydraulic adhesives as calcium oxide and so on do not resemble the water cement, yet high strength is not important in some applications.From the cost aspect, gypsum and calcium oxide have the advantage that is higher than water cement, because they are cheap slightly.In addition, have higher weak percentage at the hydraulic curable materials, under the situation of the pellet that weight is lighter (as perlite), pellet will constitute " weak connection " usually between structural matrix.In some aspects, it may be invalid adding stronger caking agent, because because the high-content of weak pellet, these caking agents are no longer brought into play its higher potential strength.

In addition, known gypsum hemihydrate is placed or the time cycle of hardening must be shorter than general cement.In fact, in an application of the invention, the time that almost reaches its maximum strength and hardening is approximately 30 minutes.Therefore, gypsum hemihydrate can together use separately or with other hydraulic curable materials within the scope of the invention.

Term is as " hydration " or " solidified " hydraulic curable mixtures, material or matrix refer to a catalytic chemical reaction Cheng Du of basic water, and it is enough to produce a hydraulic curable product with fundamental quantity of its possible and last maximum strength.

Except hydraulic adhesives and water, can comprise pellet, fiber according to hydraulic curable mixtures of the present invention, the fluidised form modifying agent, dispersion agent, air and other additive are so that the curing of structural matrix and non-curing mixture reach required intensity and other performance.

Term together uses as " wetting " or " wet condition " and the hydraulic curable mixtures that does not reach the actual amount of its last intensity, no matter intensity is to be obtained or other method by artificial seasoning or curing like this.Hydraulic can b referred to as " wet " because of mixture or at " wet condition " only before it is by mold, it is become designed shape by mold afterwards.The hydraulic curable mixtures no longer is " wet " or be again fully aware of in the moment of " wet condition ", and therefore, such mixture always little by little reaches the amount of the reality of its total intensity in whole process.The hydraulic curable mixtures can demonstrate certainly at " wet tenacity " one and strengthen but " wet ".Therefore the shape stability that usually is known as at wet condition hydraulic curable materials here is discussed.

As mentioned above, hydraulic binder preferably includes white cement, Portland cement, and meticulous cement, high-alumina cement, slag cement, gypsum hemihydrate and calcium oxide mainly are because of the low-cost of them and be applicable to manufacturing process of the present invention.Above-mentioned listed cement is that non-act does not mean that it is qualification to the jointing material type of the hydraulically settable in the scope that is used for being manufactured on claims yet.

The present invention can comprise that other cement combination type formula is as being 07/981615 at number of patent application, by Hamlin doctor M.Jennings, people such as Per doctor JustAndersen and Simon K.Hodson on November 25th, 1992 application by name " hydraulic matrix material cement manufacturing and the method for use " common pending application in discussed, this application is to be 07/856257 to number of patent application, by Hamlin doctor M.Jennings, with the part continuity of Simon K.Hodson " composition of hydraulic matrix material cement and production and preparation method thereof " (having abandoned now) by name of application on March 25th, 1992, and the application of carrying then is a number of patent application is 07/526231, by Hamlin doctor M.Jennings and Simon K.Hodson subsequent application " forming and the method for manufacturing and use of hydraulic matrix material cement " (also the abandoning) by name of application on May 18 nineteen ninety.In these applications, the atomizing water cement is in the state of final decision almost and carries out being compacted before the hydration at Jia Shui.

Other form of water cement combination comprises sneaks into carbonic acid gas in water cement and the water.The hydraulic cement compositions of being made by aforesaid method is known, and they have the ability that reaches wet tenacity quickly.The pattern that above-mentioned water cement is formed is 07/418027 in the patent No., come into question in the common pending application of application on October 10th, 1989 " producing technology of improved material of construction and products thereof " by name by Hamlin doctor M.Jennings and Products, wherein water and water cement are being selected from by carbonic acid gas, carbon monoxide, mixed under the condition in the carbonic acid source in the group that carbonate and their mixing thereof are formed.

An important advantage that adopts the hydraulic curable mixtures is that the structural matrix that draws is non-water-soluble basically (at least whole cycles of the duration of service of product expection), is added to material on the hydraulic curable mixtures to allow its coated water-soluble material and other.Therefore, water-soluble components can be added in absolute a large amount of water-insoluble hydraulic curable matrix and provide its good properties and feature for the finished product on the other hand.

In each embodiment of the present invention, hydraulic mud cream or cement cream are finally to make penholder can constitute and produce the key element of intensive property.Term " hydraulic mud cream " refers to the hydraulic adhesives of being mixed water.Specifically, term " cement cream " should be meant the water cement that has been mixed with water.Term " hydraulic is curable ", " hydraulic " or " cement " mixture should be meant and be added into pellet, fiber, the fluidised form modifying agent, the water cement cream of dispersion agent or other material, and though be wet condition or its hardening and/or solidify after.Other composition that is added to hydraulic mud cream works the character that changes unhardened and last hardened product, and these character comprise but are not to be defined in intensity, shrinkage, toughness, loose density, heat insulation capacity, color, porousness, surface finishing and texture structure.

Though the hydraulic adhesives is understood that to make the hydraulic curable mixtures to constitute, hardening also reaches the most composition of strength of materials character, and some hydraulic adhesives also helps to set up better early stage cohesion wet tenacity.Be subjected to gelling reaction with water known morning as water cement particle not, even before its hardening, this can exert an influence to the internal bond of mixture.

It is believed that lead, more generally is to have produced the colloidal state interaction in the stage morning of hydration between cement granules in common ash concrete as them.And then cause flocculation/colloidization to a certain degree between cement granules.The flocculation of this jointing material, but colloidal state and colloidization have been shown the compactibility (as plasticity-) that has increased consequent hydraulic curable mixtures

As hereinafter institute showed more fully, additive such as fiber and fluidised form modifying agent can be in tensions, and flexible and ultimate compression strength aspect produces material impact to the hydraulic curable materials.However, even at the high density fiber and/or the fluidised form modifying agent is comprised and basically under the situation to the tension of the material of hardening and flexible intensity generation effect, still demonstrate the fundamental quantity of ultimate compression strength that the hydraulic jointing material still continues to increase the material of last hardening.Under the situation of water cement, it has also reduced hardening material water-soluble in water basically.

The percentage of jointing material changes according to the person's character of the character of processing hydraulically settable with microstructure ground and other key element in whole mixtures.Yet the hydraulic jointing material is added into comparatively ideal with the amount of about 5% to 90% scope of the weight percent of wet hydraulic curable mixtures, and the amount of about scope of 8% to 60% is better, and is preferably about l0% to 45%.

However, people will think that all concentration and amount mainly are to decide according to the required quality of the finished product and characteristic, and for example it may be that the percentage of the very high hydraulic jointing material of having of very economical has seldom or do not add pellet in the penholder of a very thin final solidification intensity of needs.Under these circumstances, also may need to add a large amount of fibers to provide toughness or flexible.

The composition of the hydration mud cream that another is important is a water.According to definition, be a fundamental component of hydraulic curable materials within the scope of the invention.Hydration reaction between water and hydraulic binder produces reactor product, and it makes the hydraulic curable materials have the ability that constitutes and produce intensive property.

More of the present invention during use, the ratio of conscientiously controlling water and cement is important with wet condition from the hydraulic curable mixtures of rest with acquisition after shaping.However, the consumption of water is decided by various factors, comprises the hydraulic jointing material; pellet, fibrous matter, the type and the consumption of fluidised form modifying agent and other material in the hydraulic curable mixtures or additive; and used mold or forming technology, specific product of being manufactured and character thereof.

The optimum quantity that adds water in given arbitrarily application depends on the variable quantity of two keys: (1) required water yield of reacting and carrying out hydration with jointing material; And (2) need make the hydraulic curable mixtures have the required rheological property and the water yield of workability.

In order to make wet hydraulic curable mixtures have suitable workability, the water that generally must add q.s, make each particle composition all moistening and inject space or hole between particle (comprise as, adhesives particle, pellet particle and filamentary material) at least in part.If comprise water-soluble additive, enough water must add with solubilising additive in other words with its reaction.In some cases, as the situation that dispersion agent is added into, owing to use less water, processibility may be increased.

The water yield must be fully machinable to going into to make the hydraulic curable mixtures in earnest, and recognizes that simultaneously reducing hydration level had both increased the last intensity that wet tenacity has also increased hardened product.Certainly, if a spot of water is comprised in the mixture at last, a spot of water must be discharged from, so that the product hardening.

Satisfying the suitable rheological of above-mentioned needs decides according to yielding stress.The yielding stress of hydraulic curable mixtures generally will be between the 5000KPa at about 5KPa, mixture has the yielding stress in the 1000KPa scope at about 100KPa preferably, and best mixture has the yielding stress that arrives the scope of 700KPa greatly about 200KPa.The degree energy of yielding stress (and may, need) be adjusted according to the used actual complete processing of processing penholder.

In each complete processing, may need to begin to contain the ratio of higher water and cement, the water unnecessary according to practical situation can be excluded by heating products in the course of processing or after processing soon.One of important feature of the present invention and the comparison of paper synthetics goods is that the water yield is seldom in original mixture, and therefore, the yielding stress of relevant hydraulic curable mixtures is bigger.The result relatively is seldom with paper synthetics goods for obtain total amount from the water that the rest material must be discharged from original mixture under situation of the present invention.

In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the curable jointing material of hydraulic that needs the higher water and the ratio of the curable jointing material of hydraulic to think to be used for hydration when more pellet or other suction additive is involved provides the identical degree of workability and water.This is that it must be filled by water because bigger pellet concentration makes the value in intergranular space or hole bigger.Porous, light pellet is because its high hole density also can absorb the water of significant quantity internally.

However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that when more pellet or other suction additive is involved, need the higher water and the ratio of hydraulic curable adhesive, think that the curable adhesives of the hydraulic that is used for hydration provides the identical degree of workability and water.This is that it must be filled out by water and abandon because bigger pellet concentration makes the value in intergranular space or hole just big.Porous, light pellet can produce highly air-permeable and also can absorb the water of significant quantity internally.

Suitable workability can then be regulated with the unnecessary water of the form discharge of steam in the course of processing and by dry wind-tunnel by the relatively large water of initial adding with the competitive target of the wet tenacity that suits.In addition, these competition purposes reduce pore volume by adding high pressure and are conditioned in the course of processing, and workability suits like this, and water-content is lowered and wet tenacity is reached after shaping.

In high shear mixer the hydraulic jointing material, water and other composition are mixed together usually better, such mixing tank is as being called " technology of producing cement constructional material " at US5061319 number, be called " device of producing cement constructional material " for US4944595 number, disclosed and claimed in US4552463 number " producing the method and apparatus of colloidal mixt " by name and US4225247 number " mixing and whipping device " by name.In order to understand the such high-tensile strength mixing tank and the purpose of using method thereof, above-mentioned U.S. Pat 5061319, US4944595, US4552463 and US4225247 are introduced into by concrete reference at this.High-tensile strength mixing tank in above-mentioned claim be can by surrenderee markon of the present invention not the E.Khashoggi factory of Buddhist nun lesser sage Barbara buy.The use of high-tensile strength mixing tank produces more uniform hydraulic curable mixtures, and it makes product have higher intensity.

According to above-mentioned condition, the curable composition of typical hydraulic in the scope of the invention will have the water in about 0.2 to 10 scope and the ratio of cement, from about 0.5 to 5 better, and be preferably from about 0.75 to 3.In addition, the Total Water of not participating in reaction is no more than 10% of the relevant crimp mixture weight of doing.Be to be understood that the hydraulic jointing material has the inner drying effect in the hydraulic curable mixtures, this is because the amount of adhesives particle and water chemistry reaction and the free-water of minimizing in the intergranular space.The inner drying effect can hydraulic adhesives such as gypsum hemihydrate strengthen with the slower water cement of reaction faster by the reaction that comprises.

In this specification sheets and incidental claims, term " fiber " or " filamentary material " comprise inorganic and organic fibre.Fiber can be added in the hydraulic curable mixtures, increasing the force of cohesion of the hydraulic curable materials produced, and toughness, anti-breaking capacity and tensile property, and in case of necessity even ultimate compression strength.Filamentary material has reduced the possibility that hydraulically settable can damage when a strong transverse force is applied in.

Can be combined in fiber in the structure mixture and comprise the fiber that exists natively, as by glass, silica, potter's clay, the fiber that metal and carbon are made.Glass fibre preferably becomes alkali-resisting through roughing.Other naturally occurring fiber comprises those by fiber crops, leaf, the fiber that extracts in stem and the timber.Other can comprise plastics, Polyaramite and Kevlar by combined fiber.Bio-degradable plastics is the fiber useful to environment as poly-lactic acid and Biopol, and they provide effective enhancing to matrix.

The fiber of selecting preferably comprises glass fibre, abaca, bagasse, lumber fibre (hardwood or cork are as the south pine) and cotton.Coiling paper fiber can be used, but since the fibre breakage that in original paper manufacturing process, produces, their less being required.Yet any generation intensity and also be within the scope of the invention around the fiber equivalently of property.Abaca fibre can be buied by company of Philippines Isarog company limited.Glass fibre can be buied by Britain Pikington company.

These fibers are because cost is low, and high strength is suitable for using in the present invention with being easy to buy very much.However, yes among scope of the present invention for any fiber in the equivalence that produces resistance to compression and tensile strength and toughness and flexible (if desired).This unique limitation standard is that fiber brings desired characteristic and not do not produce untoward reaction and have objectionable impurities in containing the penholder of this fiber with the composition of other hydraulic material.

Fiber preferably should have high long-width ratio (or " length-to-diameter ratio "), because long and narrow fibre object mass-energy produces higher intensity to matrix, and does not increase the volume and the quality of matrix.Filamentary material should have about 10: 1 at least length-to-diameter ratio, and about at least 900: 1 better, and at least 3000: 1 is better.

Suitable fiber also should have one to be the length of hydraulic jointing material particulate diameter manyfold.Use mean diameter to double hydraulic binder particulate fiber at least, at least 10 better, and at least 100 times better, and at least 1000 times be best.

With difference, these character are to determine to add the intensity of principle standard of the fibre weight of Mixed Design, toughness, flexible and cost to the amount of filamentary material that adds the hydraulic curable matrix according to the required character of the finished product.As a rule, fiber will add by the amount of an amount, and this amount is in about 0.2% to 50% scope of the volume of hydraulic curable mixtures, and is better in about scope of 0.5% to 30%, and is preferably in 1% to 15% the scope.

Yet the intensity that is appreciated that fiber is the key character of decision fiber consumption.For obtain identical tensile strength in product, its consumption of fiber that tensile strength is stronger must be less.Certainly, when some fiber has high-tensile, the fiber with low tensile strength of pattern may be more flexible in addition, therefore, being used in combination of two or more fibers may need, increase manifold final product to greatest extent to obtain one, as high-tensile and snappiness final product.

Should be appreciated that also that some fiber such as southern pine tree and abaca have high destroy and breaks strong highly, and other fibers such as cotton have low strength but be bigger flexible simultaneously.In fact, in the situation that flexible and high breakage and rupture strength all need, the mixture with fiber of various character is added in the mixture of the present invention.

In addition, some embodiment can use continuous fibre or twine such fiber such as the Kevlar of fiber, Polyaramite, glass fibre, carbon fiber and cellulosic fibre in mixture.Continuous fibre also is very useful in helically-wound, and it provides effective enhancing to matrix, and helically-wound comprises that the mode that resembles with spiral-line is wrapped on the penholder or the coating of the inside uses fiber.The tectum of spiral winding method can be wrapped on the penholder or its inside in addition.One results from the cross fiber that is twined out by in the opposite direction spiral in the effective enhancing aspect the intensity.The mode that continuous fibre can cover by cruciform mutually with fibre cover by mutual extrusion in penholder.

Continuous fibre also can be used with other fiber.The composition of using continuous fibre and other fiber and continuous fibre causes the percent by volume of fiber in composition to reduce.

Contained fluidised form modifying agent plays the effect of the character of the plasticity that increases the hydraulic curable mixtures and cohesion, it is seemed more resemble clay.The viscosity of mixture does not have bigger increase owing to increased the yielding stress of mixture, and the fluidised form modifying agent is tending towards making the retrogradation of hydraulic curable mixtures.The yielding stress that improves with respect to viscosity makes material more resemble plastics and easily shaping, has strengthened initial strength simultaneously widely.

Various natural and organic fluidised form modifying agents of synthetic can be used, and they have broad property ranges and comprise viscosity and water-soluble in water.Since can expect, it is the dipping of people's sweat of major ingredient that penholder is subjected to for a long time with water, and it can preferably be applied in after the hardening of hydraulic curable mixtures in water less dissolved fluidised form modifying agent or use hydraulic jointing material with respect to fluidised form improvement dosage high density.On the other hand, when requiring penholder to be fragmented into the composition of environmental sound fast, adopt water-soluble higher fluidised form modifying agent better.

The various fluidised form modifying agents that the present invention considered can be divided to go in the following classification by preliminary: polysaccharide and growth thereof, protein and growth thereof and artificial organic materials.It is main material and growth thereof that polysaccharide fluidised form modifying agent can further be subdivided into Mierocrystalline cellulose, and starch is main material and growth and other polysaccharide.

The useful fiber element is that main fluidised form modifying agent comprises as methyl-Natvosol, hydroxymethyl ethyl Mierocrystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, methylcellulose gum, ethyl cellulose Natvosol, hydroxyethyl propyl cellulose, wood powder etc.All possible conversion is a large amount of and can not be exhaustive, and other has the filamentary material of identical or equal character also can adopt.

The starch that is suitable for is that main fluidised form modifying agent comprises as amylopectin, amylose starch, seawater gel, starch acetate, h and E starch, ionic starch, chain alkyl starch, dextrin, amine starch, phosphoric acid salt starch and dialdehyde starch.

Other polysaccharide main body fluidised form modifying agent comprises as alginic acid, Phycocolloids, agar, Sudan Gum-arabic, guar gum, Caragana arborescens glue, kuteera gum and tragacanth gum.

The fluidised form modifying agent of the protein main body that is suitable for comprises as zein^(prolamine that proposes in a kind of corn), collagen (derivative that from the animal conjunctive tissue, extracts such as gelatin or glue) and casein (the basic albumen in the milk).

At last, synthetic organic softening agent of Shi Yonging comprises as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylidene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyvinyl vinylformic acid, polyvinyl propylene salt, polyacrylamide, and ethylene oxide polymer, synthesis of clay and latex, stupid ethylene-butadiene copolymer.

More than one above-listed fluidised form modifying agents can be used in the particular mixtures to reach required plastic property or fluidised form improved effect and to optimize its yielding stress.In addition, be combined in temperature and the water-content of fluidised form modifying agent change effect and the shape stability that improves the fluidised form improvement under the minimum situation.

It is poly-lactic acid that another kind need not clearly divide the valuable fluidised form modifying agent in the above-mentioned different classification with replacing band.The fluidised form of this polymkeric substance is improved effectively by heating and can be used separately or with above-mentioned fluidised form modifying agent.

A preferred fluidised form modifying agent is the hydroxymethyl ethyl Mierocrystalline cellulose, receives as fine guanidine-acetic acid^FL15002 and fine guanidine-acetic acid are received^4000 both can both purchase moral from the Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft of Frankfurt, Germany.Lower molecular weight fluidised form modifying agent such as fine guanidine-acetic acid are received and 4000 can be played plastification rather than make its thickening mixture, and this is helpful in the processing that is shaped.

Specifically, lower molecular weight fluidised form modifying agent improves the internal flow of hydraulic curable mixtures by lubricated granules in the mold process.Reduced like this between the particle and the friction between mixture and adjacent mould surface.The hydroxymethyl ethyl Mierocrystalline cellulose is preferred, but nearly all avirulent rheology modifiers (comprising above-mentioned listed) of required character of bringing will be suitable for.

Another preferably can substitute or receive the fluidised form modifying agent that  uses together with fine guanidine-acetic acid is to have the polyoxyethylene glycol of molecular weight between 20000 to 35000.Polyoxyethylene glycol plays the effect that more resembles lubricant and increases the mixture density homogeneity.Therefore, it is more accurate that polyoxyethylene glycol should be considered to resemble " softening agent ".In addition, it is to a slick surface of the hydraulic curable materials behind the mold.At last, polyoxyethylene glycol can produce the solvable composition tectum that surrounds in the mixture, makes the product of hardening have the permeability of the product of less water-soluble and minimizing hardening thus.

Fluidised form modifying agent in hydraulic curable materials of the present invention generally should be included in account for mixture weight 50% with interior amount.

Term " dispersion agent " be used in expression in the explanation of back can be added into the viscosity that reduces the hydraulic curable mixtures and yielding stress and so on material.The more detailed description that dispersion agent uses can be at Anderson, finds in the Master's thesis of P.J " effect of organic superplasticity dispersion agent and in the relevant character of composition with the cement material of 2-current potential " by name (1987).

Dispersion agent generally is to be attracted on the hydraulic jointing material particulate surface and/or to enter the jointing material particulate to work near in the colloidal lamination.This produces negative charge around particulate or on the surface, they repel mutually thus.Owing to reduced friction and magnetism, the particulate repulsive force has increased " lubrication " will make particle that bigger interior effect is arranged on the other hand.Therefore, just begin to add the workability that a spot of water also keeps the hydraulic curable materials simultaneously.

In loam mould character, cohesion and/the not really important situation of shape stability under, reducing viscosity and yield strength widely may be required.The dispersion agent that adds helps the hydraulic curable mixtures to keep workability when the water that adds seldom especially in the place that lacks.Simultaneously, add the situation that dispersion agent can be used for even lacks in a large number, if but used dispersion agent is too many, the penholder of mold is may shape stability low slightly.That is to say, initially add a spot of water and will obtain the penholder of a more blocky final curing in theory according to the Feret formula.

In any case the water that plays stoichiometric calculation hydration jointing material institute water requirement and be filled in the required water yield effect in intergranular space in the hydraulic curable mixtures lacks, described particle comprises hydraulic jointing material particle itself and the particle in pellet material and/or filamentary material.As mentioned above, particles filled thing reduces in hydraulic jointing material and the intergranular pore volume of pellet and therefore reduces the requirement of water, with abundant hydration jointing material and the workability by filling void space maintenance hydraulic curable mixtures.

Yet because the person's character of wrapping up in the reason of answering a pager's call of dispersion agent, the order that dispersion agent joins in the mixture generally is strict.If one resemble that fine guanidine-acetic acid receives that flocculation/condensing agent of  is added into that dispersion agent must be added by the first step and flocculation agent in second step.Dispersion agent can not be attracted on the hydraulic jointing material particle surface conversely, and this is because flocculation agent will irreversibly be adsorbed on this surface, form protective colloid and the prevention absorption to absorption agent thus.

A kind of dispersion agent preferably is sulfuration naphthalene-formaldehyde coagulum, and its example is WRDA19, and WRRA19 can buy from the W.R.Grace company of Baltimore, the Maryland State.Other dispersion agent that will play fine effect comprises sulfuration melamine (acyl) amine-formaldehyde coagulum, sulfonated lignin and polyacrylic acid.

The add-on of dispersion agent generally will hydraulic jointing material weight about 5% with interior scope, better and be preferably in about scope of 0.5% to 2% in about 0.25% to 4% scope.Yet, should not contain too many dispersion agent because it has delay in the trend such as the hydration reaction between water cement and the water.In fact, thus adding too many dispersion agent stops hydration to destroy the ability that cement cream bonds together.

The dispersion agent of indication is called as " superplasticizer " sometimes in concrete factory in the present invention.For distinguish better dispersion agent with through being commonly used for the rheology modifiers of softening agent, the term superplasticizer will not used in this application.

Particle generally is used in concrete factory in the hydraulic curable mixtures of the present invention, owing in the required limitation of size of general thin-wall construction of the present invention, wish that generally they must be ground fully.Be applied to pellet in the hydraulic curable mixtures generally should have about 0.01 micron to the about diameter between the 3mm scope, have about 0.1 micron to the pellet of the diameter between about 0.5 millimeter scope better and preferably about 0.2 micron to about 100 micrometer ranges.

Pellet can be added to gain in strength, and reduces cost as weighting material, reduces weight and/or increases the heat insulation capacity of made hydraulic curable materials.The particularly tabular grain grain of pellet also is useful for producing flat top layer.Exemplify useful pellet and comprise perlite, vermiculite, sand (any quartz, the binding substances of calcined alumina and limestone) stone, rock, Wingdale, sandstone, granulated glass sphere, aerogel, xerogel, seawater gel, mica, clay, synthesis of clay, diatomite, bauxitic clay, silica, flying dust, silica fume, flaky aluminum alumina, potter's clay, microballoon, hollow glass ball, the porous ceramics ball, gypsum dihydrate, lime carbonate, calcium aluminate, cork, seed, light-weight polymer, xonotlite (a kind of crystalloid Calucium Silicate powder glue), light-duty swelling clay, unreacted cement granules, float stone, layering rock and other geological materials.

From the wideest notion of term, unreacted cement granules also can be considered to pellet, even depleted hydraulic curable materials such as depleted penholder of the present invention can be used to pellet charges and reinforce.

Clay and gypsum all are the pellet material of particularly important, because their existing operabilities, and extremely low cost, workability is shaped easily because if add sufficiently high amount, and they also can produce certain bond degree and intensity.Clay is to be used for limiting the general term that all are the soil of paste and dry back hardening when adding water.Main clay comprises silica and bauxitic clay (being used for making pottery ceramic tile, fragment of brick and pipe) and kaolin.Two kinds of kaolinton are to have chemical molecular formula Al₂O₃3SiO₂2H₂The anauxite of O and have a chemical molecular formula Al₂O₃4SiO₂H₂The polynite stone of O.Yet clay can comprise various other materials such as ferric oxide, titanium oxide, calcium oxide, zirconium white and pyrite widely.

In addition, though clay has been used millennium and just produced hardness without roasting, this unfired clay is met water logging and is very easily damaged, thereby is not suitable for the penholder that may meet water vapour.That is to say, not the clay of roasting and roasting clay in the cement structures material, provide good and cheap pellet.

Equally, but gypsum hemihydrate also be hydration and form calcium sulfate dihydrate having under the situation of water.Like this, gypsum is according to being to join the characteristic that can demonstrate pellet and tackiness agent in the hydraulic curable mixtures with semihydrate or with dihydrate form (and concentration).

Make cement admixture have in addition light-duty characteristic pellet comprise perlite for example, vermiculite, granulated glass sphere, lime carbonate, synthetic materials is (as the porous ceramics ball, flaky aluminum alumina etc.), cork, light-duty swelling clay, sand, stone, rock, Wingdale, sandstone, float stone and other geological materials.

In the cement mill the used common pellet, various widely other pellets can be used in combination with water cement within the scope of the invention, these pellets comprise weighting agent and comprise metal, metal alloy (as stainless steel, calcium aluminate, iron, copper, silver and gold), ball or hollow synthetic materials (as glass, polymkeric substance and metal), dowel, bead, and powder (as micro-silica) and fiber (as graphite, silica, bauxitic clay, glass fibre, polymkeric substance, organic fibre and other are used to prepare the fiber of various forms of compositions) toughener.Even resembling seed in the present invention, the such material of starch and agar class material can be included in the pellet.

From as seen above-mentioned, should find out that the amount of specific pellet in mixture is different according to the required preassigned of specific penholder.This amount can never add pellet and change significantly up to 90% that is approximately hydraulic curable mixtures weight.This amplitude better is preferably in about 20% to 50% about 3% to 60%.

In addition, be to be understood that for any given product, some in the above-mentioned pellet may be suitable for and other may be inapplicable.As, some pellet may contain objectionable impurities, and they will ooze out from the hydraulic curable mixtures owing to some application; That is to say that the great majority of selected material are not only nontoxic, but and they also more help environment than existing treating product.

It mainly is the weight characteristic that has improved cement admixture that filamentary material is used among the present invention, and the shape stability of increase mixture and the intensity of the cement matrix that increase is made and flexible are though certain a little fibers also can make the finished product have some heat-insulating capability.Therefore term " pellet " will refer to other non-fiber-filled material, and its function mainly is to make material have intensity, rheological structure and heat-insulating properties.

According to the present invention, select for use usually to comprise that many different sizes and grade can be filled in the pellet of pellet and hydraulic jointing material gap between particles more completely.The water that the thin phenomenon of pen is generally called in the space that best particle tap density needs water to fill by elimination reduces the requirement of water to obtain suitable workability.In addition, increase the intensity (according to the Feret formula) of final hardened product with a spot of water.

In order to optimize tap density, the size range of different size can be used (certainly, making the required purpose of product and the suitable particle size that thickness will determine used various pellets) from little particle to about 0.5 μ m to big extremely about 2mm.The person's character of the known pellet of those of ordinary skills and size are used to reach the desired characteristic of final hydraulically settable.

In certain preferred embodiment of the present invention, may need the amount of the pellet in the hydraulic curable mixtures is increased to maximum value, so that greatly improve the character and the characteristic (as the intensity quality, low density or high heat insulating ability) of pellet.The usage that particle shakes real technology can be used in the hydraulic curable materials, so that increasing to maximum value the grain amount.

Particle shakes real going through and sees following by one of the present inventor Johansen V and Audersen, that P.J. collaborates is published in American CeramicSoeiety (1991), " Particle Packing and Concrete Properties " other information on the 111-147 page or leaf Materials Science of Conerete II is disclosed Anderson on The Danish Academy of Techical Science, and is ready-made in the Ph D dissertation of P.J. " Control and Monitoring ofConcrete Production-A Stady of Particle Packing andRheology ".It is mixed so that the glass sphere in the hydraulic curable mixtures reaches the example of maximum can be further appreciated referring to the hollow glass ball of following different size that pellet shakes real advantage like this.

Light-duty preferably also is that adiabatic material material package is drawn together expansion or flaky vermiculite, perlite, and all these help to comprise a large amount of void spaces that contains calcination diatomite and hollow glass ball.Yet this institute and do not mean that exhaustive, those pellets since cost low and ready-made and selected.

Pellet also can be added in the mixture for producing predetermined color or texture.Color and design also can be modified by adding metal charge or common dyestuff.In addition, magneticmetal can be added into the magnetization mark utensil.

The highest for intensity is mentioned, general requirement drops to air pocket minimum.It is desirable especially air pocket to be brought up to maximum measurer in marking instrument, and at this, the mark core directly is combined in the hydraulically settable to increase bonding strength.

Air pocket in cement admixture will be dropped to minimum in the manufacturing of most of marking instruments, but when needing very light penholder, air pocket can be combined in the structure of penholder wittingly.The bound energy of air pocket in the hydraulic curable mixtures calculated in earnest to draw concentration required in the penholder.And unlikely its intensity is reduced to inapplicable point.Air pocket can also maybe can be replaced light-duty pellet to reduce the proportion of penholder with changing.If yet general proportion or heat insulation capacity are not key characters of specific product, air pocket minimized the highest volume to be dropped to minimum simultaneously be important so that intensity and anti-permeability performance are mentioned.

Matrix with air pocket can be used to increase the intensity of penholder with coating or layered article, can will discuss in more detail below with coating and the layered article that the matrix with air pocket together uses.

In a particular embodiment, not agglomerating air pocket can be by the high shearing to hydraulic curable mixtures and foaming agent or stablizer, and high-speed mixing is added into, and foaming agent and stablizer help the introducing of air pocket.High shearing discussed above, super mixer are to be specially adapted to reach above-mentioned required purpose.The foaming agent and the stablizer that are suitable for comprise general surfactant.A kind of at present preferred surfactant is a peptide species alkylene polyol, as Mearlcrete  foam solution.

Cooperate with surfactant, may need with resembling the stable material that produces of the such stablizer of Mearlcel 3532 , Mecrlcel 3532  are a kind of synthetic fluid negatively charged ion biological degradation solution.Mearlcrete  and Mealcel  can buy from New Jersey Mearl company.Another kind of foam and stablizer are the rosined soap thermoplastic resins.In addition, rheology modifiers plays the effect of the stable air that is produced.

In the production process of air, the atmosphere on super mixer can be full of a kind of gas as carbonic acid gas and so on, and this has been found shape and the froth stability that causes an early stage interim curing and produce the hydraulic curable mixtures.Early stage interim curing and froth stability are considered to CO₂Generate solvable receiving and salt of wormwood ionic result with the reaction of hydroxide ion in the hydraulic curable mixtures, it so that interact with the aluminate of progressively getting involved and the curing of accelerating mixture.

Foam is suitable for helping to keep dispersion agent and prevents that the air pocket in solidified hydraulic curable mixtures from assembling.Prevent that the air pocket polymeric from damaging the insulation effect that has in fact reduced the hydraulic curable mixtures, reduced intensity simultaneously widely.Improve pH, increase such as solvable alkali-metal concentration such as sodium or potassium, add such as the stablizer of glycan fluidised form modifying agent and in the hydraulic curable mixtures the careful content of adjusting surfactant and water all help to increase the froth stability of mixture.

The hole can alternately be introduced in the hydraulic curable mixtures in the hydraulic mixture by will simply joining such as metal oxides such as aluminium, magnesium, zinc or tin, and calcium oxide hydraulic mixture or urao such as cement or contain mixtures or a kind of alkali that has been made into are as comprising gypsum or the hard caking agent of other low buck.Above-mentioned reaction causes at the hydraulic curable mixtures separating out of small bubble hydrogen being arranged everywhere.Add a kind of alkali and/or heating as sodium hydroxide, the hydraulic curable mixtures increases the speed that bubble hydrogen produces.

In the process of shaping and/or sclerosis hydraulic curable mixtures, heating hydraulic curable mixtures is normally required with the volume that increases air pocket system.Heating also helps promptly to remove the water of significant quantity from the hydraulic curable mixtures, thus, increase the initial strength of the product that has been shaped.

If gas has been admitted in the hydraulic curable mixtures, for example heated mixt to 250 ℃ will cause (according to the equation for ideal gases formula) gas volume to increase about 85%.When heating when being suitable, found in about 100 ℃ to 250 ℃ scopes it is that heating is needed.The more important thing is, if suitably control heating will can not cause the broken of penholder structure body or produce defective on the superficial makings of penholder.

In other is used, under the high situation of the viscosity of hydraulic curable mixtures, as in a specific forming technology, being required that it is more difficult mixing the hole that obtains q.s by high shearing.In this case, the hole can be by adding some simple metal oxides in the hydraulic mixture, alternately is brought in the hydraulic curable mixtures as the oxide compound of aluminium, magnesium, zinc or tin.Hydraulic mixture or urao (as the calcium oxide of water cement or contain mixtures) or a kind of alkali that has been made into (as comprising gypsum or other alkali cement tackiness agent).

Above-mentioned reaction causes at the hydraulic curable mixtures separating out of small oxygen bubbles being arranged everywhere.Add a kind of alkali and/or heating (as following illustrated) hydraulic curable mixtures as sodium hydroxide and increase the speed that bubble hydrogen produces.

For the formation speed heated mixt that causes chemical reaction and increase bubble hydrogen can be further specified.Found the product by heating that has been shaped to about 50 ℃ to 100 ℃ and preferably control reaction effectively and disperse the water of significant quantity in about 75 ℃ to 85 ℃ temperature range.Have, this heat-processed does not cause the generation of shaping prod matrix fragmentation again.This second kind method that produces air pocket in structural matrix used in some forming technology and can be used to cooperate under the situation of low viscosity hydraulic mixture or replace by the high shearing of high speed and mix the generation air.

At last, in forming process, dilatable whipping agent when being added in heated mixt in mixture is added in the hydraulic curable mixtures air pocket.Whipping agent generally is made up of the lime carbonate (chalk) of low-boiling point liquid and segmentation, and chalk and whipping agent are blended in the hydraulic curable mixtures equably and are maintained at heating simultaneously under the pressure.Liquid whipping agent penetrates in each chalk particulate pore the point that this particle can therefrom be vaporized as whipping agent when pressure reduces the whipping agent thermal expansion suddenly.

In forming process, mixture can be heated compressed the time.This heating simultaneously can cause the whipping agent vaporization usually, and increased pressure has stoped the whipping agent vaporization temporarily to produce a balance thus.Pressure is disengaged behind material forming or extrusion molding, and the whipping agent vaporization makes the hydraulic curable materials expand or " foaming " thus.The hydraulic curable materials is finally with the tiny dispersive hole hardening that spreads all in structural matrix.Water also can be as whipping agent, and condition is the above pressure that also keep not being higher than 50 crust of boiling point that mixture is heated to water.

The hole has increased the heat-insulating property of hydraulically settable and has also significantly reduced volume density and therefore reduced the weight of the finished product.Reduce the total quality of making product like this and reduced the required quantity of material and the amount that has reduced final rejected material under the situation of disposable penholder of penholder manufacturing simultaneously.

May need in some cases by in mixture, adding the initial solidification that a certain amount of curing setting accelerator quickens the hydraulic curable mixtures.Solidify setting accelerator and comprise Na₂CO₃, KCO₃, KOH, NaOH, CaCl₂, CO₂, trolamine, the inorganic base salts of aluminate and strong acid, as HCl, HNO₃And H₂SO₄In fact, any increase gypsum and Ca (OH)₂Water miscible compound will help to quicken the initial solidification that the hydraulic curable mixtures is specially cement admixture.

The amount that be introduced into the curing setting accelerator in the concrete hydraulic curable mixtures will and be decided according to required curing acceleration degree.Further will decide, comprise, blended design, the timed interval between the step of mixing various compositions and shaping and extrusion molding hydraulic curable mixtures, the temperature of mixture, and the person's character of solidifying setting accelerator according to different situations.The amount of the curing setting accelerator that those of ordinary skills can add according to the parameter adjustment of particular manufacturing process is to optimize the set time of hydraulic curable mixtures.The amount of curing catalysts will be comprised in less than the curable jointing material weight of hydraulic 2% within.

Many methods that process marking instrument of the present invention with the hydraulic curable mixtures are arranged.Most methods generally consists essentially of the mechanically mixing of material and water and extruding and mold are shaped their usually.Another kind method comprises that compacting hydraulic curable materials becomes required shape hydrated mixture and the mechanically mixing of material that needn't be general then.After marking instrument was shaped by one of aforesaid method, the marker prodigiosin was accepted other processing step as heating, the processing of coating and lamination penholder.

The hydraulic jointing material, pellet, the combination of fiber and (can choose at random ground) air pocket has produced the composition that can be configured as roughly with the penholder of timber or common penholder same thickness made of paper.In addition, said composition can be shaped as and be suitable for the replaceable and mark core of mark core and be fixed on wherein penholder shape.

It generally is possible increasing penholder intensity when using the light-duty pellet that contains air pocket at the proportion that reduces penholder.This makes that the curable binding matrix of hydraulic is stronger, keeps together with particle more constantly.Amount at the pellet in the mixture is partly determining penholder to be attached to the ability without the mark core of agglutinating in marking instrument as pencil.In addition, the amount of the pellet in mixture is partly determining the porousness of marking instrument.Porousness with pencil of hydraulically settable is designed to allow to cut with traditional Pencil sharpener the pencil of hydraulically settable.The sizing that is used for such pencil must be that the enough little surface to avoid cutting sizing owing to pencil-knife produces big perforate.

For the best tensile strength and the toughness character of display material, can or pile up by unidirectional or reversed arrangement according to fiber of the present invention, replace and irregularly be dispersed in the entire structure matrix.Common first-selected fiber is put by the shop on the plane of a parallel longitudinal and penholder.

Such fibre array can be done by many modes, and as by vibration, bundle is taken out in punching press, and hot pressing, agent are pressed or compacting hydraulic curable mixtures.General fiber is orientated by the flow direction of material in mold or compacting process.Can make a penholder by the flow state of control material in mold or compacting process with required fibre orientation.

These technologies also make usually in the middle of normal concrete spare is made, take place about bigger, the porosity of successive and unwanted air pocket capsule approaches zero.This has increased the resistance to compression and the tensile strength of hydraulic curable materials greatly, and has reduced and penholder is subjected to external mechanical force and does that the time spent matrix splits or damaged trend.Unwanted hole is like this dropped to minimum by the exhaust to material before shaping.The maximum in disagreeable hole is in that to resemble the marking instrument that pencil need be bonded together mark core and hydraulically settable so securely be particularly important when making.

Disagreeable interruption or hole in the Portland cement product not should with by directly importing gas, the application of high-shear mixer or the adding of reactive metal etc. may be introduced the required discontinuous miniature air of fine-texture (or other gas) the cave capsule in the curable structural matrix of hydraulic intentionally.Hole or distribute in large quantities and randomly discontinuously, and see not obviously such as the such properties of the volume specific gravity of penholder from changing, and reduced the integrity of structural matrix simultaneously widely and reduced strength characteristics.

On the contrary, bubble of have a mind to introducing or air pocket usually evenly and fine-texture is distributed in the whole hydraulic curable mixtures, the application of air pocket can produce light-duty penholder and not reduce intensity as the curable structural matrix of hydraulic on basis basically.In addition, penholder of the present invention can be designed to have buffer attribute.Penholder with buffer attribute can be consistent with the clip of the marking instrument of independent utility.

For hydraulic curable mixtures of the present invention is shaped effectively, importantly be suitable for hydraulic curable compositions in the wet condition moulding; That is to say, the product of shaping must be apace (be chosen within three seconds or shorter) can rest oneself weight.Further, its product that must harden fully and can from mould, withdraw from rapidly.In addition, it is uneconomical that the cost of molding can make this technology.In addition, the surface of shaping thing can not be too gluing, can make the demoulding like this, and the article that carrying and stacking are shaped are very difficult.

By change cement, water, pellet, fiber and rheology improve the amount of softening agent, can control the fluidised form or the flowing property of hydraulic cream.For example, work as punching press, vibration or injection-molded be used common selection at first a higher tack at the high stable hydraulic curable mixtures that is shaped of original state, the moulded product that draws then after the shaping in addition be dried or hardening before keep its shape.

Work as extruding, prolong pressure, take out bundle or hot pressing when being used, hydraulic curable mixtures preferably viscosity is little and lower yielding stress is arranged, and it will be more suitable for processing and flow easily like this.Because the penholder that is shaped by this method will be heated usually, finish more driedly to remove most of moisture content, resembling in other method of moulding process, the more product of dimensionally stable, and necessity make the hydraulic curable mixtures have high yielding stress or wet shape stability.

Nonetheless, even these low viscosity hydraulic curable mixtures the time can both realize quick dimensionally stable in heating, and the worker artistic skill of using them is by the acceptance of commercialization ground and have the ability of mass production of products.The major reason of in most of the cases higher manufacturing cost is that product institute's time of staying in mould is longer.

No matter high viscosity still is low-viscosity hydraulic cream is required, and always requires to have a bit required water to give specific molding process with necessary rheological.A reason moisture content being reduced to minimum is the wicking action that is controlled at water in the hydraulic curable mixtures, because this may cause the cementability of hydraulic curable mixtures, and then can produce the problem of mixture demoulding from mould.Reduce the moisture content amount has eliminated free moisture content and has reduced material for the chemistry of mould and the sticking power of machinery as far as possible.Therefore, the wicking action of water and relevant surface tension are as may be reduced as far as possible, to throw off the hydraulic curable mixtures apace in molding process.

In addition, if the hydraulic curable product that draws with a spot of water is blocky.Certainly, initially add more water and will require in drying or process of setting, from the hydraulic mixture, to get rid of more water, increased manufacturing cost thus.

In order to obtain to have the hydraulic curable mixtures of suitable workability and wet strength properties, it is important regulating that water used rheology modifiers therein and selectively used the content in the composition of hydraulic curable mixtures of dispersion agent.As discussed above, various suitable fluidised form modifying agents are arranged.

The fluidised form modifying agent increases yielding stress and makes mixture have more plasticity, and it can be deformed with molded like this, then keeps its shape when mold pressing is removed.This make molded product withstand to resemble gravity (be its can the own rest own wt of outer rest) and with product from mould, deviate from subsequently penholder become basic hardening before to the power of relevant power of its carrying and so on.

Some modifications to common molding process are arranged, and they are preferably applied, with simplified manufacturing technique.As, it is bonding to prevent to require to handle mould with releasing agent repeatedly.The releasing agent that is suitable for comprises silicone oil, Tefoln , Deleron  and VHW .Best, mould itself is to make and/or scribble non-slick coating material of one deck such as Teflon  by stainless steel, Deleron  or the approximately polishing chromium plating of 0.1RMS.

Identical effect can be realized by frictional force.Lean against the head of the device for molding on the interior and/or outside surface of cement material by rotation, can be overcome for any chemistry of mould and bonding (as bonding) of machinery.

Be shaped and the process of curing cement material in, need heat cement admixture usually, control the air pocket system by making in penholder the suitable control of porosity rate and capacity.Yet such heat-processed is the dimensionally stable by making the surface produce rapidly intensity to help to be formed in the original state cement admixture (after the shaping immediately) also.Certainly heating helps to discharge the water of significant quantity from the hydraulic curable mixtures.The employing that these improved results are heating processes can be simplified the production of penholder.

If a kind of gas is imported in the hydraulic curable mixtures, heats this mixture to 250 then and ℃ will cause (according to the gas volume formula) this gas to increase its volume reaching 85% approximately.When heating is suitable, can find that required Heating temperature is in about 100 ℃ to 250 ℃ scope.More importantly, when suitably controlling, heating will can not cause formation or penholder superficial makings defectiveness broken in the penholder structure.

In fact, in molding process, add CO₂Gas can help mold formed product to reach stability apace to the technology of hydraulic curable mixtures.By above-mentioned explanation, clearly, this can pass through CO₂Gas or CO₂Generate material such as zinc, the simple oxidation metal of aluminium and so on realizes, wherein CO₂Generative process can be by adding alkali or accelerating.

The mixing system that is used to prepare the hydraulic curable materials of penholder shaping usefulness of the present invention comprises a mixture, a transporter and a common extrusion system.Material is loaded into a load hopper, is measured by weighing and is admitted to a mixing tank that is used for the hydraulic curable mixtures at this.As mentioned above, the hydraulic curable mixtures is manufactured the character of specific needs with microstructure technology.Therefore, the metering of volume material is adjusted to suitable size according to the design specifications of hydraulic curable mixtures.

Blending means is basically with identical by mold and the penholder that is shaped by pressing mold.Yet the composition of mixture will change.After mixture was by suitable fusion, this mixture can be configured as penholder with above-mentioned any method.

A method of preparation desired mixt comprises that step (a) powder mix powder hydraulic curable materials and water are to form a kind of cream or mixture and preferably to use dispersion agent; (b) under the mixing of high shearing is used, in cream, mix filamentary material (as cellulosic fibre or other source as glass, plastics or metal) mixture that distributes well therein of a kind of fiber of formation; (c) rheology modifiers (as methyl hydroxyethylcellulose) is joined make the mixture that draws show the rheological of more plastification in the mixture; And (d) under common low shearing mixing effect, one or more pellets are sneaked in the mixture, to produce the character required to mixture.In the embodiment that replaces, other resemble air and reacting metal can be added in the mixture, to obtain to have the mixture of design character.Amount of water in the mixture is under high shearing mixture conditions, and it is influential to mix the required time cycle of each combination ingredient.Few its mixing period of the water yield of mixture is longer than the high mixture of the water yield.

Admix filamentary material to guarantee that filamentary material is scattered well in whole mixture with high shearing mixing.This causes a more even stirred mixture, and it has improved uncured mixture such as concentration and has increased the intensity of final solidifying product.

Adding by Portland cement hybrid technology filamentary material makes filamentary material assemble, and causes the penholder or the article distortion that draw.Standard mixer such as cydariform mixing tank combine required mixture on the contrary by stirring or rotate composition with low power, high shearing mixing tank is comparable to high-power load agitator and the ability that stirs the mixture is fast arranged, to use high shearing force on the particle of hydraulic curable materials and on the added filamentary material and damaged fiber not.Result thus, filamentary material is evenly dispersed in the whole mixture, makes later penholder have the structure of homogeneous thus.Good high-intensity relatively specific pellet such as sand, silica or bauxitic clay also can be stirred with a super mixer.Softening agent, surfactant and stablizer also can be added into.

On the other hand, at light-duty pellet such as perlite, under the such pellet situation of float stone or slabby rocks, the most handy slow-speed mixer is in order to avoid break into powder to pellet usually.In addition, hydraulic curable mixtures and the throwing out with Tylose  generally forms under low shearing blended condition.

In another embodiment, the material that is applied in the mixture is measured automatically and continuously by a duplex squeezing device, mixes exhaust, extruding.The duplex squeezing device has one to have specific mixing as low shearing, and high shearing mixes, and vacuumizes the section with the pumping purposes.The duplex squeezing device have different thread pitch and the orientation with can or this section can realize its specific end use.As needs, also can in a container, be pre-mixed some composition and the composition that these are pre-mixed taken out and be passed in the duplex squeezing device.Preferred duplex squeezing device adopts and evenly rotates spiral organ, and spiral organ wherein rotates on same direction.The backward rotation duplex thruster that a kind of spiral organ wherein rotates has in an opposite direction been realized same effect.A kind of pugmill can be used to realize same purpose.

In another embodiment, but a kind of not only can be at a high speed but the cement blender such as the RV-11 mixing tank that can buy by German EIRICH of low speed be used to metering and mixing material with intermittent mode.Simple mixing tank generally can provide the hydraulic that mixes curable mixtures for the production line of the following penholder that is used to be shaped.It was a mixing period with six minutes that this mixing tank can be carried 13 cubic feet material and supposition at every turn, and it per hour can produce 4000 pounds of hydraulic curable mixtures, supposes that here every cubic feet is 31 pounds.

In an alternative embodiment, at US5061319 " Prcess forProdueing Cement Buileing Material " by name, US4944595 is called " Apparatau for Producing Cement Building Material ", and US4552463 " Method and Apparatus for Producting aColloidal Mixture " by name and US4225247 " Mixing and AgitatingDevice " these fronts by name have been bonded to the high-tensile strength mixing tank that illustrates in the application of concrete reference herein and can be used to mix the hydraulic curable mixtures.High shearing mixture in these claims can be buied from the Santa Barbara E.KHASHOGGI factory in California.

The inherent parts of mixing tank are charing hard layers for increasing the service life substantially, have stoped thus by the abrasion among the expectation of pellet or cement.Yet mixture within the scope of the present invention is owing to adopted low pressure and also part is owing to provide the excessive water of senior lubrication when any pressure is applied in technology, the abrasion of its generation is littler than many hydraulic curable mixtures.

The different methods that various manufacturings have the marking instrument of the penholder of being made by the hydraulic curable mixtures is within the scope of the present invention.Penholder can be formed by the various combinations of using above-mentioned different methods, and this has improved the possibility that designs different marking instruments.The marking instrument that has the penholder of making by the hydraulic curable materials by these method manufacturings by selected forming technology make the optimization of mixture flow sex change become may and the carrying of penholder because the degree of dimensionally stable allows to be shaped soon after shaping.

The method that manufacturing has most marking instruments of the hydraulically settable of being made by the hydraulic curable materials of mechanically mixing can be assigned in two main groups, by moulding with by extrusion molding.A kind of additional method comprises uses the thin plate by the hydraulic curable materials, and it is wrapped in the outside of mark core to constitute the marking instrument such as the porcelain marker pen.

Usually need before being configured as penholder, remove in this mixture air in the mixture by mold formed, the mixture degasification can realize by this mixture of extruding, usually this mixture is extruded before molded, and similarly, a preliminary step of sheet is normally made in degasification with the hydraulic curable mixtures.

In the scope of the invention, the hydraulic curable mixtures be extruded with multiple different usage, extruding provides the shaping penholder and has made the effective means of the penholder of cutting open, extruding also can be utilized as a preliminary step making penholder by the air of removing penholder, and extruding also allows co-extruded one hydraulically settable around the mark core and makes marking instrument with a step.

Become mobile jib and make marking instrument in order to push the hydraulic curable mixtures, one mark core must be inserted into penholder, constituting a marking instrument by penholder parts or penholder part simply needs these parts or part to be connected around the mark core, embodiment with marking instrument of cutting open is provided by extruded strip, the wood strip shape that this slat type seemingly is used to make Wood-bar pencil has the penholder shape of splitting of a half slot like that, after extruded strip is made into, this lath can connect around a mark core in couples, in addition, this lath can be extruded as the lath of a cover adjacency, and cooperates with the lath of another set of extruding and to clamp the mark core.

Extruding is particularly conducive in fact one step forming marking instrument, it has a hydraulically settable and a mark core, in order to make marking instrument by pushing a step, this mark core and penholder are by co-extruded, the shaping of the marking instrument by co-extruded is used to make pencil and ink markings pen, they have plastics mobile jib and leads or twine fiber mark core, joint between this mark core and the penholder can be produced by the inviscid binding substances between mark core and penholder, be fixed the pencil when keeping when wishing that the mark core resembles, like this particularly advantageous.

Fig. 1,2,3,4, the penholder of marking instrument shown in 5 and 6 can constitute by extruding one hydraulic curable mixtures, at Fig. 1,2,3,4, the note marking instrument totally indicates with 10 in 5 and 6, it has ahydraulically settable 12 and amark core 14, Fig. 1,2,3,4, but the penholder integral extrusion forming in 6, Fig. 1,2,3,4, penholder in 5 and 6 can be by being crushed to part or parts, mark core shown in Figure 1 is traditional pencil, the mark core is a cosmetic pen core among Fig. 2, the mark core is traditional marker pen fiber among Fig. 3, mark core in the Figure 4 and 5 is the ink absorption part, and the mark core is a leads head among Fig. 6.

The piston extrusion machine of one routine can be utilized to push this hydraulic curable mixtures and pass a mould, shape of products by this mixture extruding is determined by this mould shape of cross section, this mixture can be squeezed into multiple shape, the shape of this extruded product or depend on is used to make this extrusion process manufacturing step of the penholder of marking instrument, perhaps depend on preliminary step, when being used to make the penholder of marking instrument, the shape of this compacting marking instrument also depends on the marking instrument that concrete quilt is produced.

The shape of this mould can be arrived minimum by setting with the certain surface areas that reduces the hydraulic curable mixtures, the air of carrying secretly thus reduces to minimum, and the minimizing entrapped air avoids producing substandard products and the uneven texture body is wished.

The amount of the pressure of this mixture of extruding that applies depends on a plurality of factors, high-pressure extrusion helps to make the high strength penholder, water-content is low more especially, the intensity of extruded product is high more, yet when water-content reduced, the workability of this mixture also reduced, in fact this is because not have long-time enough water encirclement particle and reduce its frictional force, so this mixture becomes and is difficult to put in place and be shaped.

When height adds the hydraulic curable mixtures that puts on low water content, be reduced in interparticle space, when the space in these gaps is reduced, be present in that water in this mixture wraps up this particle and the aspect that reduces friction becomes more effective, therefore put on the mixture when pressure, this mixture becomes and can flow and can process, and therefore needs the water that adds still less, in other words, reduce the intensity that water-content has increased products obtained therefrom.In the present patent application, high more by the extrusion machine squeezing pressure, need be added into mixture and make the amount of its machinable water more little, and, when very dry, can add internal lubricant and simplify extruding, be similar to this series lubricant agent and be used for powder compact.

Although need high pressure generally, it is having negative effect aspect the low total body density of manufacturing, the light-weight penholder, in order to make the light-weight penholder, low density filler (for example perlite or hollow glass bead) is added into this mixture usually, when being increased by the extrusion machine applied pressure, these fillers are crushed, increased the density of filler and the density of gained penholder thus, the crushing filler also can reduce the effect of heat insulation of filler, and this is because there is not to preserve for a long time the folliculus of air.

In most preferred embodiment, before this mixture is pressed into penholder or the part as the preliminary step of making penholder, a negative pressure is applied thereto, this can finish by one vacuum unit of attaching on extrusion machine or a traditional vacuum screw feed appliance, this feed appliance can be used to supply with this mixture to extrusion machine, the air that this negative pressure will be absorbed in the mixture is removed, and does not remove this air and may produce stampings and have defective or uneven texture body.Yet in some embodiments, homodisperse small air gap can need in this mixture, and has not so just needed negative pressure.

Absorbing air can be the effective means that reduces penholder density, inevitably, the mixture of determining can be designed to be absorbed with the air of determining ratio, and the penholder or the part that have an air gap that absorbs air at Qi Bishang made thus will be reduced density, and have low k-factor.

Be appreciated that adhesives pushes by mould, will be tending towards on folk prescription, arranging the filamentary material in the hydraulic curable mixtures, make it be in substantially parallel relationship to the effusive direction of extruding.

Successive fiber or winding fiber, Kevlar for example, Polyaramite, glass fibre, carbon fiber and cellulosic fibre, can push simultaneously with penholder, thereby strengthen penholder and reduce the fiber requirement, the dish of the extrusion machine that rotates on operative orientation can be used to push simultaneously continuous fibre, form the fibrous outer decussate texture, controls revolution speed and extrusion speed forward, the angle of may command fiber, control this angle and can obtain best elasticity and draft temperature, in addition, the space between fiber can be changed and obtain different intensity, by the interval and the required intensity that reaches of fiber, the amount of the fiber of required use is determined.

Traditional vertical extruding is the best way of making marking instrument with hydraulically settable and one step of mark core, and the method that a this step is made marking instrument can be used to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1,2,3 and 4.

Vertical extruding can be realized by piston extruding type screw extrusion hydraulic curable mixtures, this mark core is introduced into vertical extruding mixture stream, this mixture is positioned at wherein heart extruding by this mark core, in using piston extrusion machine technology, the hydraulic curable mixtures has than using low viscosity in the screw extrusion press technology.

This mark core is introduced by mixture flow in the vertical extruder by a mark core feedway, this feedway can be reciprocating-piston or the proper device that is used to deposit and axially release the mark core, the mark core can be continuously or is sequentially introduced extrusion machine, leads, cosmetic core and fiber can be with the forms of successive bundle, and wherein ink housing tube is sequentially introduced.

The mark core that comes out from the mark core feedway of vertical extruder is admitted to the chamber, this chamber accommodates the hydraulic curable mixtures, and the final hole by a mould, when this mark core leaves this die hole, it is made into the hydraulic curable mixtures parcel of penholder, the cross section of this die hole has been determined the shape of penholder usually, yet the scale of dimensioning can be used to determine that also the penholder diameter is more suitable for really in vacuum chamber, when using successive mark core, need this mark core that is sent is cut into the length that needs.

Form one bondingly between the material of penholder and mark core, this is the purpose that is used to make pencil, when needs change bonding intensity, also can use tackiness agent.In order to make the not bonding marking instrument of mark core and penholder, this mark core is placed on one and can dissolve in water and prevent in the bonding covering, or can insert behind penholder sclerosis or partially hardened.

In case be shaped, this hydraulic curable mixtures can allow with the sclerosis of hydraulically settable desired shape, and in order to make penholder of the present invention economically, it must be by snap cure to a value, has an enough intensity at it, distortion that can be big in packing and transporting.

The sclerosis of this penholder can realize by this penholder is exposed in the warm air, for example in traditional road stove, the gold-plating that applies of warm air goes out moisture content in this hydraulic curable mixtures, increased interparticle frictional force thus, and increased the intensity of gained penholder thus, further, apply warm air to penholder and increased the reactivity in the cement, provide an early strength by solidifying it to penholder, therefore, sclerosis is solidified both by frictional force and hydraulic curable mixtures between the increase particle and is obtained.

In most preferred embodiment, penholder only has been hardened to indeformable sufficient intensity in packing and transportation, and the hardened penholder contains the unreacted water of an a small amount of, and its allows penholder to continue to solidify, and during transportation and between the shelf lives gains in strength thus.

In another embodiment, warm air is blown on the penholder, increases hydraulic curable mixtures exsiccant speed, has increased reinforcement speed thus.

And this air can be supplied with by an autoclave, and it can regulate humidity, pressure and temperature around the penholder that need solidify, increases this humidity and temperature and helps the more perfect hydration of hydraulic curable mixtures, makes stronger penholder thus.

Under any circumstance, the temperature in the continuous tunnel furnace preferably is no more than 250 ℃, the fiber or the plastics that make it avoid hydraulic curable mixtures heat or destruction to dose.Better temperature is preferably in 30 ℃ to the 200 ℃ scopes in 20 ℃ to 250 ℃ scopes, great majority at 20 ℃ in 250 ℃.

The time that stops in continuous tunnel furnace is depended on the temperature in the tunnel, and the thickness of the penholder that is dried, and is 1 millimeter at penholder thickness, and under 200 ℃ of situations of temperature, this penholder is preferably in the tunnel and stopped 45 seconds in the drying alley.

Drying according to the hydraulic curable product can draw following conclusion in a word:

1) temperature is high more, and time of drying is short more.

2) air speed is high more, and time of drying is short more.

3) in case most of water are removed, this penholder is exposed to and is higher than the fiber that will burn out under 250 ℃ of temperature in the mixture, has reduced the tensile strength of fiber and penholder thus.

4) material walls of this penholder is thin more, and time of drying is short more.

5) temperature is high more, and the intensity of this penholder is low more.

6) there are the reduction effect air speed in stove and total time to the tensile strength of penholder.

The molded form that is used to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention, 2,3,4,5 and 6, the many possible molded realization that the manufacturing of the penholder that provides in Fig. 1,2,3,4 and 5,6 can be provided by inventive concept, for example injection moulding, directly molded.Wet plate is molded, dried pull molded and liquid molded.This penholder can be by the existing known conventional molded process forming of molding technique, and profit is as split cavity, combination splitting die, order pressing mold and combination die.

Yet, when hydraulic curable materials heat of the present invention is made, most of molding-systems can be used, thermoforming as plastics, make in the heat manufacturing and to be used for material forming and allow its solidificating period this technology of the present invention and equipment and to be modified, in addition based on this difference, this molding process and equipment are modified the chemical reaction that allows the hydraulic curable materials, and simultaneously or with postforming.Another improvement is to use and is lower than the be shaped pressure forming hydraulic curable materials penholder of required pressure of traditional material, lower pressure be required be because in mixture relatively large water generates the free-flowing character of this hydraulic curable materials.

Before molded, this mixture must be mixed earlier and prefabricated to desired concn in molding process is modulated in advance, the extruding of this mixture needs, because the extrusion machine of determining can be used as continuous measurement, mix and degasifying device, this has improved and has changed many different qualities of mixture and the final efficient of making.

After mixture is prefabricated as described above, in injection moulding and direct molding process next step is that this mixture places the mold with the postforming penholder, this mould comprises that one has the formpiston of desired shape and the former of shape complementarity, this mixture is pressurized in mould thus, makes the penholder of corresponding mold shape.

The vacuum screw charging machine of using in injection moulding is with the mixture injection or send into mould, when mixture is sent into mould, charging machine provides a pressure reduction to mixture, this pressure difference is removed air in the mixture, (provides the lightweight characteristic and does not effectively remove air and can produce penholder defective or heterogeneous body unless this air is hoped to produce the gap.

In injection moulding, can use extrusion machine, it moves moulds before being placed in the piston action direction, extrusion mould, remove from it then, this disposing is beneficial to extruding and molded under differing temps, avoid because of the overheated hardened mixture of mould stops up extrusion machine, the piston action of this device drops to minimum with the heat that mould is sent to rolled-up stock, and obtains the manufacture method of a safety.

After this mixture is extruded, in injection moulding and directly molded process, all relate to this hydraulic curable mixtures is placed between formpiston and the former, thereby this formpiston partly inserts former and produce an interval between mould, the distance of relative another mould of mould was determined in should being cooperated by mould " at interval ", this mould cooperates when inserted into each other, form the molding regions between a mould, should " molding regions " determine required penholder shape, and be the bulged-in zone of hydraulic curable mixtures when mould cooperates.

When being set up, this mould make it have one at interval the time, between mould, kept a cavity, this cavity comprises the molding regions between mould, reach a second area between mould corresponding to the interval, in case this cavity forms, this hydraulic curable mixtures can be by the hole on the mould or by being placed between this cavity and the mould at interval.

In most preferred embodiment, this former is placed into the formpiston vertical direction, but should pass through between the injection part injection mould of an extend through former by the hydraulic curing mixture, having the layout of former above former is preferably, because in case hydraulically settable constitutes and mould separates, gravity helps to guarantee that hydraulically settable is retained on the formpiston, helps simplifying penholder like this and removes and penholder is indeformable from this former.

Before the hydraulic curable mixtures is inserted, preferably the interval between mould is dropped to minimum, make that limiting the curable blended of this hydraulic when final compacting or mould cooperation moves.This mixture moves and drops to minimum and reduced the irregular chance of final penholder that this hydraulic curable mixtures mobile difference causes.Interval between this formpiston and former at about 2mm to about 5cm scope, 2mm is better to about 3cm, and 2mm is best to about 1cm, the another kind of method that this mixture is inserted between mould is finished when mould separates fully, and this method comprises makes a part with this hydraulic curable mixtures, and this part is enough made penholder, then this piece is placed between the mould, particularly be placed on the formpiston end face, when this mould cooperated, this piece was pushed between mould.

In an alternative embodiment, a template is used to place curable of this hydraulic, and in this embodiment, this formpiston has a base portion that circumferential edge is arranged, and this template comprises a passage that offers this formpiston base circumference.

This method comprises hydraulic curable mixtures piece part of formation, this piece has the enough big diameter on the template passage, this piece is placed in and makes it on the template on passage, at last, this template is put between formpiston and the former, makes its channel alignment mould, thus, when mould is forced into a time-out, this formpiston passes passage, this hydraulic curable mixtures of extruding between mould.

Aforesaid method can further comprise inserts step on this formpiston with template; When this piece freely was positioned on the formpiston, this template was corresponding with the formpiston base position.When this mould was pressed together, this piece was extruded again between mould, uses the additional benefits of this template to relate to below penholder is described in detail from the step that mould shifts out.

The next procedure of manufacturing processed is this hydraulic curable mixtures of extruding between this formpiston and former, and the hydraulic curable mixtures is molded as the required shape of hydraulically settable.

By the mould applied pressure this hydraulic curable mixtures is made the required profile of this penholder, this pressure must be enough, molded effectively this hydraulic curable mixtures in the middle of mould, further, preferably this pressure is enough, to make the uniform and smooth penholder in final surface.

The amount of pressure that imposes on this hydraulic curable mixtures is also influential to the intensity of gained penholder, the intensity of discovering products obtained therefrom is intensive and increase by cement particle in the mixture, the pressure that is used to push cement admixture in this mould is high more, the cement material particle is pressed to such an extent that press intensively more more, in other words, more little in this hydraulic curable mixtures mesoporosity rate, the intensity of the product that obtains is high more.

When the hydraulic curable mixtures of giving low water content applies a high high pressure, interparticle interval is reduced, be present in water in this mixture like this at this particle of parcel with reduce to become aspect their frictional force effect is more arranged, in fact, when giving the pressurization of hydraulic curable mixtures, this mixture becomes easier and flows and can process, and like this, the water that need to add still less, on the other hand, the intensity of the product that obtains is enhanced.In the present patent application, high more by the mould squeezing pressure, the amount that need add the water in the mixture to is low more.

Though need higher pressure usually, it also has negative effect, in order to produce the light-weight hydraulically settable, usually in mixture, add low density filler (for example perlite or hollow glass bead), when the pressure that is added by mould increases, filler is crushed, at the heat-blocking action that reduces this filler simultaneously, has increased the density of filler and the density of resultant penholder.

Therefore, should be by preferably by this mould applied pressure, make the intensity of hydraulically settable, structural integrity is mentioned the highest, and reduces density, in the present invention, give this hydraulic curable mixtures applied pressure from about 50 to 100,000 pounds/inch by this formpiston and former²In the scope, better from about 100 to about 20,000 pounds/inch², preferably from about 150 to about 2000 pounds/inch²Yet as following description, force value also will change according to the temperature and time in the molding process, and the penholder of deep-draw need be pushed the speed usually reducing the compacting required time, the flowability that this time must reduce to keep required and too early dry this material.

The step of compacting further comprises when this mould is pressed together exhausted air from mould, do not discharge these air effectively and may on the main body of hydraulically settable, produce little air pocket or defective, typically, the air between this mould is discharged from by the interval between mould when mould is pressed together.

In the embodiment of a conversion, this mould can have a series of these moulds that pass venting hole is arranged, it can be seen through, thus, when this mould is pressed together, air between this mould is discharged from through venting hole, and venting hole has avoided little air pocket to be formed in the cavity thus, and these air can make the hydraulically settable distortion.

When this mold separation, get back in the cavity by allowing air, venting hole has also avoided producing vacuum in cavity, this vacuum can apply a unsuitable power on newly formed hydraulically settable, further, the drainage of the steam that produces in the venting hole permission heat-processed, this will be described in detail in the back, and this venting hole can be present on one or two mould.

Next procedure in manufacturing processed is this hydraulic curable mixtures one time enough of heating, to form the stability of hydraulically settable, this method that heats this mixture preferably comprises, before this hydraulic curable mixtures of extruding, each is heated to corresponding temperature with this formpiston and former.

Improve temperature at pressing stage and can play multiple effect, simplification is molded as penholder and the filler of not crushing with this hydraulic curable mixtures, has added excessive water in this mixture.Arrive this mixture by heated die, the moisture content in this hydraulic curable mixtures evaporates away with the form of steam, has reduced the percentage by volume of water thus, and has therefore improved the final strength of penholder.

In addition, when the lip-deep water of penholder evaporates away, that part of rapid exsiccation of this hydraulic curable mixtures, the frictional force in this mixture between the exsiccation particle is at peripheral hard thin " shell " that form of penholder, and it provides shape stability for this hydraulically settable.

The heating of this hydraulic curable mixtures has also increased solidification rate, describe as following, this mould keeps the time of a weak point of this hydraulic curable mixtures of extruding, only some mixture reaction solidifies, the temperature basic value of dimensionally stable sexual needs is the results because of bonding and frictional force between drying particulate and interior surface thereof power, the result is that this penholder remains moisture state after realizing dimensionally stable.

When the materials used piece is made penholder, the ability that forms the hydraulically settable shape stability of moisture state fast is very important, shape stability allows this penholder to shift out from squeezing device rapidly, makes new penholder can use same extruding or molding equipment to be shaped.

Another purpose that increases this die temperature is that hydraulic curable mixtures this mould of adhering is dropped to minimum, when steam is discharged from mould, it produces an adhesion layer between this mould and this hydraulic curable mixtures, this adhesion layer provides a roughly uniform power, this hydraulic curable mixtures is pushed open from mould, avoided this mixture to adhere on the mould like this.

Further, has a temperature head if study known this formpiston and former, when this mould is separated, this hydraulic curable materials will be tending towards being retained on the mould of lesser temps, thus, when this mould separates, die neededly have lower temperature and can select this hydraulically settable to keep thereon mould by this.

The temperature separately of this mould is important for mentioning the speed of manufacturing processed the highest, and partly decide on this mould and the time length that this material contacts, generally, desired temperature is high as far as possible, temperature is high more, the drying on this penholder surface is fast more, and this penholder is moved out of fast more, and the penholder of making in the unit time is many more.

Yet, the problem of high temperature is if this hydraulic curable mixtures is overheated, to deviating from this structure material by the lip-deep water of penholder, and become steam, in case cancellation suddenly helps the pressure of the demoulding can cause this mould separately, the penholder explosion that this is molded, or blast sometimes (though this explosion can be solved by closure and the opening speed of accelerating extruding usually).

Further, this hydraulic curable materials cure is fast more, the possibility of the distortion of the mobile difference generation of cause hydraulically settable is big more, when this mould forces together, this hydraulic curable materials flow to desired shape, yet, in case the hydraulic curable mixtures on penholder surface is dried, this exsiccant cement has different flow characteristicss with keeping moistening hydraulic curable materials, the difference of this flow characteristics may cause the distortion of hydraulically settable, for example conglomeration, hole, break and other main structure bodies on inhomogeneous.

Therefore, relation between time and the temperature is, when mould and hydraulic curable mixtures are reduced duration of contact, this temperature can be enhanced, further, when the interval between mould increased, temperature can be enhanced, yet, exist this hydraulic curable mixtures not to be destroyed upper limit (UL) that temperature can reach.

To achieve these goals, preferably the temperature that added of this former and formpiston about 50 ℃ to about 200 ℃ of scopes, better about 75 ℃ to about 160 ℃ of scopes, be preferably in about 120 ℃ to about 140 ℃ of scopes.Because previous reasons, mould separately after, wish that this hydraulically settable remains on the formpiston, therefore, the temperature that this formpiston cans be compared to former most is the lowest, this temperature head be preferably in about 10 ℃ to about 30 ℃ of scopes.

The time length that heated formpiston and former contact with this hydraulic curable materials (being the time that mould merges) is preferably in about 0.05 second to about 30 seconds scope, better in about 0.7 second to about 10 seconds, best in about 0.8 second to about 5 seconds scope.

In the embodiment of a conversion, the step that heats this hydraulically settable further comprises: after mould separates, but before this penholder is removed from mould, in during promptly this hydraulically settable is supported on the formpiston, this hydraulically settable is exposed in the warm air, this be exposed to guaranteed in the warm air that penholder is removed from mould before, this penholder forms stable.

In another conversion embodiment, heating hydraulic curable mixtures step can realize by this hydraulic curable mixtures is exposed in microwave, X ray and the infrared rays.

Stablize when this moulded product has reached part-structure, the hydraulically settable of this new shaping is removed from mould, and in most preferred embodiment, when this mould separated, this hydraulically settable was retained on this formpiston.In one embodiment, when mould separated, this formpiston and the rotation of this former were avoided this this mould of hydraulically settable adhesion with this.

In case this mould separately, this penholder several seconds (as described above) of blows air over of heating, further increase shape stability, remove this hydraulically settable and indeformable from this formpiston then, the method for a standard, pneumatic hoist for example, be used to remove this hydraulically settable from this formpiston, pneumatic hoist is a kind of device, and one of them negative pressure is applied in and is used for penholder is removed from this mould, then, this penholder passes a U-shaped pipe of depositing this penholder.

This pneumatic hoist method mainly is in order to stack the penholder of dimensionally stable, and its operation and main body cost are low.The warm air that is used for dry penholder can be used for providing and carries the air that penholder passes this pipe total length and carry, this air lance is simply to be positioned at the formpiston upper conduit, be blown into the uniform power that provides by its air, this penholder is pushed away this formpiston, and this air lance resembles has identical size, shape and position the described venting hole.

In one embodiment, this air lance is one or identical with vapor pipe, and this air that sprays into jet pipe must be enough low and make this penholder destroyed.The mechanical means of best mobile hydraulically settable is to be used in combination template.

This template is to be positioned at this formpiston base portion and removable opening circlewise; by improving this template or reducing this formpiston; this hydraulically settable is positioned on the template by means of its ora terminalis; when this penholder is moved away mould; this penholder is because its dry surface and shape is stable; yet; this penholder will have moistening cement between its sidewall; therefore it does not reach maximum strength, and under this condition, this hydraulically settable is along the strongest on its vertical axial; therefore; use the benefit of template to be, mobile penholder applied force applies along the strongest axle of penholder, the possibility minimum of penholder distortion.

In case reach initial shape stability, this hydraulic curable product can the dry and reinforcement by the multiple same technology of the aforementioned extrusion process that relates to.

The main body of this penholder can utilize the powder compact technology to be designed to be very fine and close, pendent as described above series application the 07/981615th, name is called " method of manufacture and use thereof of the bonding cement of hydraulic ", November 25 92 year applying date, applicant Hamlin doctor M.Jennings, Per Just doctor Anderson and Simon K.Handson, this application is series application the 07/856257th, March 25 92 year applying date, applicant Hamlin doctor M.Jenning and Simon K.Hadson name are called " bonding cement compacting of hydraulic and production and preparation method thereof " (now abandoning), it is a successive patent application the 07/526231st, the overlay file of May 18 90 year applying date applicant Hamlin doctor M.Jennings and Simon K.Hodson. title " bonding cement compacting of hydraulic and production and preparation method thereof " (abandoning).From the purpose that this compact technique and using method are understood, aforementioned application open by special quote combined.

Powder compression is used for before the curable sticking crowded material of this hydraulic of aquation desired shape is handled and be fixed into to the curable adhesives of this hydraulic, the curable adhesives pressed compact of this hydraulic is by aquation, and do not need curable adhesives of this hydraulic and water mechanically mixing, this method can be used to the shaping of Fig. 1 of the present invention, 2,3,4,5 and 6 embodiment.

Fix the curable adhesives of this efflorescence hydraulic and become the benefit of desired shape to be before aquation, pellet can be put into the main pen arm main body, and does not produce the influence of pellet to the mixing force that helps to form the curable paste of hydraulic usually.

After this efflorescence water cement is fixed to predetermined shape, the curable adhesives of this hydraulic is by aquation, aquation is to finish by spread water (gaseous state and/or liquid state) on the penholder of pre-shape, this water can infiltrate through the preliminary shaping penholder effectively, and with the curable adhesives chemical reaction of hydraulic, this aquation can be finished in an autocrave, it is to be used for conversion pressure and temperature control aquation condition effectively to install, carrier gas can be used, and it helps this process.

Multiple different Technology is arranged, can before aquation, but hydraulic be solidified adhesives and be fixed into the penholder shape, be suitable for that cement industry technology that its plants usage comprises conversion with the solid state process technology of adjusting, for example push pressed compact technology, be coated with glaze technology, plastic forming technology, vibration fill process, hot pressing and pneumatic motor vibration.

Dry extruding is the technology of a compacting blank, it is included in powder compact between the inherent die surface of an enclosed space, it is particularly useful for making the thin-walled penholder to be coated with glaze technology, these technologies comprise the shaping penholder by the suspension of the curable adhesives of hydraulic that applies this pulverizing on a permeable model, water is used in the suspension, this suspension is sprinkled upon in the permeable model, this model is extracted water out make a correspondence in mould walls product from mud, dry this mud allows product to shrink, subdue the content of water as far as possible, residue mud is poured out from model, and the result is that these goods have the profile of copying this model interior shape.

But continuous thus extruding uniformly can be used to by hydraulic solidify material shaping penholder, evenly push to be included in the cabin continuously and push towards mould, and extruding is flowing on the direction of this mould usually.Continuous balanced extrusion machine can obtain from German Ruth Handler (H  ndle).

In powder compression technology, internal lubricant can add and provide a plastic effect, after main body is moulded, it can be manufactured by the conventional plastic forming technology, for example injection moulding, vibration, wet pressing and mold pressing, vibration filling and extrusion process utilization have the vibration of suitable amplitude, and can produce 100% theoretical tamped density, it is the highest conceivable tamped density that realizes that given powder size distributes.

The filler that was generally used for Cement industry before aquation is used in the curable adhesives of efflorescence hydraulic, it can comprise the filler of many different sizes, this filler can be filled the space between this filler and the curable adhesives of this efflorescence hydraulic, thus the maximum density of obtaining.Before aquation, other mixed compositions also can mix with the curable adhesives of this efflorescence hydraulic.

The density of the penholder that is produced can be lowered by using the soft pellet in the curable adhesives of efflorescence hydraulic.The density of gained penholder can be lowered by the curable adhesives of efflorescence hydraulic that compacting is mixed with solid-state material thus, moisture or the salt-containing liquid of ice, dry ice, cold junction for example, they will dissolve subsequently, volatilization, evaporation or melt and dissolved and stay the hole on final penholder.

The result of this compact technique makes penholder, and it has high draft temperature and low density, and the penholder of process forming can be provided to heating thus, uses coating, lamination, printing and assembling.

Utilizing powder compression and the additive method that separates to constitute penholder together is within inventive concept, for example can be by a part of powder compression technology shaping penholder, and with another part of molding technique shaping penholder.The multiwalled that utilizes powder compression technology formation to be formed by hydraulic curable materials and other materials presses layer within thought of the present invention.

The sheet that is formed by the hydraulic curable materials can be used to form penholder around the mark core, this sheet can be by curling up or spiral twines and reeled.This formation that can be used for marking instrument shown in Fig. 7 and 8, the penholder in Fig. 7 are the sheets that row are reeled, and it can be disassembled by using a band, and the mark core can be multiple material.This form is specially adapted to those the mark cores that can not fine away in traditional pencil-sharpening device, as porcelain mark core, and it is particularly suitable at object, as on glass, writes.Penholder among Fig. 8 is the single coiling sheet that overlapping ends is arranged, and the mark core can be an entity, for example wax crayon or greasepaint pen.

This sheet can be formed, institute's use technology is co-applications the 08/101500th as the aforementioned, title " is used to write container; the method and apparatus that the molded hydraulic of printed material and other materials is curable " August 3 93 year applying date, applicant Per doctor JustAndersen and Simon K.Hodson, and series application the 08/101630th, title " with sheet that can molded hydraulic curable materials system and this manufacture method ", August 3 93 year applying date, applicant Per Just doctor Andersen and Simon K.Hodson.For disclosed purpose, these applications are in the special reference of this quilt.

This hydraulically settable also can finally be finished and provided by a plurality of processing steps at this label device.This processing step comprises the coating penholder, applies printing or other marks, and assembles this marking instrument.

The surface property of this penholder can change in many ways, presses layer as applying penholder and producing, and utilizes these technology can increase penholder tensile strength, and the penholder waterproof provides level and smooth, smooth or anti-wear surface, and help to prevent to hang fiber.Thus, this protection of non-nature material also is provided, for example have weakly alkaline saliva.

Some coatings can be added on the surface of product at shaping stage, and wherein this process is the process of on-mechanical, and in the on-mechanical process, this coating can be applied in as liquid, colloid or film.Preferably apply and be coated in after the aquation product forms and be dried to a qualification degree at least, wherein coating is an on-mechanical process.

The purpose of coating procedure is to obtain a uniform film, drops to the defective of product surface minimum.Basic unit's difference and the different quantity of coating component are depended in the selection of specific coating processes, the difference of basic unit comprises intensity, water absorbability, porosity, density, smoothness and the main body homogeneity of product, apply the component difference and comprise whole solid-state components, dissolving matrix (comprising water dissolution and volatility), surface tension and rheology.

This coating can use any known coating unit to be applied on the penholder, comprises that blade coating, mud are coated with, gas blade coating, photographic printing be coated with Dahlgern coating, powder coated, (cathode) sputtering, chemical plasma deposition, high energy electirc radiation evaporation technology and printing.In coating, the amount of coating can by the volume that sprays and penholder spraying institute's residence time or both be in conjunction with controlling, applying also can be by at the following any coating material of spraying on the penholder or holding in the groove of suitable coating material the dipping penholder and realizing, at last, be coated in and push simultaneously along the penholder parts, make coating procedure and pressing process combine.

Suitable organic coating comprises edible oil, trimeric cyanamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylic ester, acid amides, hydroxy propyl ester methylcellulose gum, polyoxyethylene glycol propylene, polyurethane, polyethylene, poly-newborn ester, Biopol^(multi-hydroxybutyrate-hydroxypentanoic acid salt copolymer), starch, soybean protein, and synthetic polymer, it comprises biological degradation polyalcohol, wax (as beeswax or petroleum wax), elastomerics and composition thereof, Bioplo^Made by Britain ICI, suitable organic coating comprises colloidal silicate, lime carbonate, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, potter's clay, clay, cement and composition thereof, and this organic coating also can mix with above-mentioned one or more organic coating.

The japanning that FDA had checked also can be used as coating, and the coating that many FDA had checked is useful according to related the application also.In some cases, preferably coating is resilient and deformable, and in these cases, a coating flexible, resilient is best.

An embodiment who is specially adapted to coating is a water glass, it has passed through FDA check and acidproof, many silicate-based coatings provide impermeable acidproof interlayer, ortho-silicate and silicate are specially adapted to the penholder coating, because of it is tending towards filling the full hole of the curable body of hardened hydraulic, thus, useful coating can be by at organic polymer suspension, silica colloidal in film and the fiber obtains, and this coating component provides and do not seeped water interlayer and increased hardness and weather resistance.Usually do not need to make penholder, but the increase of anti-base-material can obtain by suitable polymkeric substance or wax shape coating with base-material.

Bio-degradable plastics provides useful especially coating, biodegradable plastics, and for example poly(lactic acid) and biological polymer do not dissolve in water He in the souring soln, and another kind of coated material is a lime carbonate, and it is acid proof and allows at penholder surface printing mark.

This marking instrument is exposed to CO₂In increase intensity and improve surface property and shape stability also can need.This type process is used to gain in strength and improves surface property and shape stability is known, this technology has been described in No. 5232496 titles of United States Patent (USP), and " to make technology of improved material of construction and products thereof " open on August 3rd, 93, applicant Hamlin doctor M.Jennings and Simon K.Hodson.

Within the scope of the present invention, the process useful that forms aluminum oxide or silica coating is handled this hydraulically settable with a suspension, and this suspension has suitable pH value, thereby causes forming as the aluminum oxide or the silicon oxide of component on penholder of penholder.

Lamination comprises multilayer penholder and/or coating, even few one deck forms by the hydraulic curable materials, and lamination allows penholder to have an internal layer or applies the layer or the coating outside penholder of different characteristics.

Selectable step is to add pattern or printing in fact on penholder in another manufacturing process, and this is by using traditional printing machinery, as offset printing, VanDam, laser machine, directly transmit and contact and self-recording temperature printing press.Thus, technology comprise utilize burr printing, intaglio printing, bite the printing and heat embossing.In fact any gimmick and mechanism can use.Certain hydraulic curable product disclosed herein is particularly suitable for this usage.In addition, decalcomania, make label or other indicators can be done or be bonded on the penholder, this is to use known technology to finish.Further, as previously mentioned, within the scope of the present invention, coat the coating that government allows on penholder, the great majority in them generally are used, and are particularly suitable for placing indicator.In order to accelerate drying process, this penholder can increase the ink setting rate through second drying alley.

In marking instrument of the present invention was made, device related to the difference that depends on manufactured specific markers utensil, and the method that this device amount also relates to shaping and penholder are monolithic molding or different with part or parts shaping.

By extruding, penholder molded and that other forming technologies are shaped can be manufactured as the monolithic molding penholder, or it is manufactured as the parts or the part of penholder, penholder made in one piece and can form marking instrument by inserting or being pressed into a mark core by the penholder of penholder parts or part assembling, marking instrument also can be by connecting the penholder parts or part is configured around the mark core.

Some marking instruments in scope of the invention manufacturing can have the structural part of being made by traditional material; these structural parts comprise and are used for the point that adheres at pocket; protective cover or cap; in penholder with the device of firm mode fixing mark core; in penholder, promote the device of mark core; the device of erasing apparatus and dress erasing apparatus; these structural parts can be made with traditional material; metal for example; plastics; rubber and timber; or make with the hydraulic curable materials; for example a rubber can be installed on the hydraulically settable by means of such metal ring on the traditional pencil; perhaps penholder is formed to such an extent that do not need metal ring and inserts penholder one end by rubber, and penholder crimping and load onto rubber around rubber.

At present, contrasting the penholder characteristic of different components, as many tests, is the particular example of the curable composition of hydraulic according to the present invention below.

Embodiment 1

One marking instrument is made by push the hydraulic curable mixtures around the mark core, and this mixture comprises following component:

1.00 kilograms of silicate white cements

1.60 kilograms in water

0.9052 kilogram of granulated glass sphere

Tylose^4,000 0.20 kilograms

The density that 0.04 kilogram of marking instrument of being made by this mixture of fiber has is 0.23 gram per centimeter³

Embodiment 2

One marking instrument, the hydraulic curable mixtures makes by pushing around the mark core, and this mixture comprises following component:

2.00 kilograms of silicate white cements

1.60 kilograms in water

0.9052 kilogram of granulated glass sphere

Tylose^4,000 0.20 kilograms

The density that 0.08 kilogram of marking instrument of being made by this mixture of fiber has is 0.62 gram per centimeter³

Embodiment 3

One marking instrument, the hydraulic curable mixtures makes by pushing around the mark core, and this mixture comprises following component:

3.00 kilograms of silicate white cements

1.60 kilograms in water

0.9052 kilogram of granulated glass sphere

Tylose^4,000 0.20 kilograms

The density that 0.12 kilogram of marking instrument of being made by this mixture of fiber has is 0.85 gram per centimeter³

Embodiment 4

One marking instrument, the hydraulic curable mixtures makes by pushing around the mark core, and this mixture comprises following component:

4.00 kilograms of silicate white cements

1.60 kilograms in water

0.9052 kilogram of granulated glass sphere

Tylose^4,000 0.20 kilograms

The density that 0.16 kilogram of marking instrument of being made by this mixture of fiber has is 0.95 gram per centimeter³, this approximate density that is same as traditional wooden pencil.

Embodiment 5

One marking instrument, the hydraulic curable mixtures makes by pushing around the mark core, and this mixture comprises following component:

1.00 kilograms of silicate white cements

1.60 kilograms in water

1.98 kilograms of perlites

4,000 0.20 kilograms of Tylose

0.04 kilogram of fiber

Embodiment 6

One marking instrument, the hydraulic curable mixtures makes by pushing around the mark core, and this mixture comprises following component:

2.00 kilograms of silicate white cements

1.60 kilograms in water

1.98 kilograms of perlites

Tylose^4,000 0.20 kilograms

0.08 kilogram of fiber

Embodiment 7

One marking instrument, the hydraulic curable mixtures makes by pushing around the mark core, and this mixture comprises following component:

3.00 kilograms of silicate white cements

1.60 kilograms in water

1.98 kilograms of perlites

Tylose^4,000 0.20 kilograms

0.08 kilogram of fiber

Embodiment 8

One marking instrument, the hydraulic curable mixtures makes by pushing around the mark core, and this mixture comprises following component:

4.00 kilograms of silicate white cements

1.60 kilograms in water

1.98 kilograms of perlites

4,000 0.20 kilograms of Tylose

0.08 kilogram of fiber

From aforementioned, be appreciated that, the invention provides component and the method for making the novelty of marking instrument with a hydraulically settable and a mark core, this marking instrument is used for mark, writes, drawing, graph coloring, drawing, cosmetic, uses in the mode of using pencil, pen, mechanical pin, ink markings thing and cosmetic pencil and analogue.At the alternative nearly all present writing implement made from plastics, timber, paper or metal of this hydraulically settable of making.

The invention provides component and the method for making the novelty of marking instrument with a hydraulically settable and a mark core, acquisition is low-cost and firm, durable, submissive, and or disposable use or non-once use.

The present invention further provides novel component and technology, it more helps environmental problem at manufacture view than the penholder with plastics, timber, paper or metal manufacturing.The raw material that is used as original material in making hydraulically settable can obtain from the soil, reduced the use of timber and petroleum product, therefore, penholder can be with the hydraulic curable materials manufacturing that can reuse, and does not relate to the byproduct of other recycle materials.

Further, the invention provides the component and the technology of the novelty of marking instrument, this marker has the hydraulically settable of the mixture that comprises that the soil is such, and be similar to soil and rock, when discarded, cause very little thus or do not have environmental problem, the processing of hydraulically settable does not produce the material of not degrading, perhaps just relatively slowly thoroughly degraded in soil.

The present invention further provides the curable marking instrument of hydraulic of the novelty made from a mark core and a hydraulically settable, its not bonding formation product, and in moisture state does not need, support and keep its shape, reach enough intensity fast, make molded marking instrument to handle with usual way.

The present invention can be summarized in other particular form, and does not break away from its spirit and substantive features.This described embodiment is just inquired in every respect as explanation, rather than limit, thus, scope of the present invention pointed out by the description of affiliated claim rather than front, and the scope that all are equal to from claim and the variation of meaning are included in its scope.

Claims (235)

1. the goods of a manufacturing comprise

A marking instrument, it has a mark core and the penholder that this mark core wherein is housed, and this penholder has the curable main body of hydraulic that a usefulness comprises that the hydraulic curable mixtures of curable adhesives of hydraulic and water is made.

2. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this mark core is demountable.

3. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this mark core is to be contained in the penholder regularly.

4. by the goods of claim 3, wherein this penholder formation one and this mark core is inviscid bonding.

5. by the goods of claim 1, wherein the part of this mark core is stretched out penholder, and this penholder seals the rest part of this mark core.

6. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this mark core is one graphite-clay leads.

7. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this mark core is a colored leads.

8. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this mark core is the fuse that holds marking fluid, and is useful on the device of dispensing marking fluid.

9. press the goods of claim 1, but wherein this mark core is the water-absorption fiber of an absorption marking fluid.

10. by the goods of claim 9, connect a holder that holds marking fluid but wherein be somebody's turn to do water-absorption fiber.

11. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this mark core comprises a solid, cosmetic that contacts with penholder.

12. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this mark core comprises a wax crayon.

13. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this mark core comprises a greasepaint pen.

14. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this mark core comprises a porcelain marker.

15. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this mark core comprises that one remains on the marking fluid of the predetermined amount in the penholder, and by the marking fluid dispenser apparatus from that dispensing.

16. the goods by claim 1 further comprise an erasing apparatus, and are used for this erasing apparatus is remained on the device of pen arm end.

17. the goods by claim 1 comprise that further one is used for this marking instrument is attached to the folder of the fixedly penholder on the pocket.

18. the goods by claim 1 further comprise a tin hat that is used to seal this mark core bared end.

19., further comprise in a mode of determining this mark core is additional to device on the penholder by the goods of claim 1.

20., further comprise a device that in penholder, moves this mark core by the goods of claim 1.

21. by the goods of claim 1, wherein the curable main body of this hydraulic has at about 1MPa-Cm³/ g is to about 300PMa-Cm³The tensile strength in the/g scope and the ratio of density.

22. by the goods of claim 1, wherein the curable main body of this hydraulic has at about 2MPa-Cm³/ g is to about 50MPa-Cm³The tensile strength in the/g scope and the ratio of density.

23. by the goods of claim 1, wherein the curable main body of this hydraulic has at about 3MPa-Cm³/ g is to about 20MPa-Cm³The tensile strength in the/g scope and the ratio of density.

24. by the goods of claim 1, the curable main body of this hydraulic has the maximum ga(u)ge of about 10mm.

25. by the goods of claim 1, the curable main body of this hydraulic has the maximum ga(u)ge of about 5mm.

26. by the goods of claim 1, the curable main body of this hydraulic has the maximum ga(u)ge of about 2nm.

27. by the goods of claim 1, wherein the curable main body of this hydraulic reached shape stability at least 60 seconds.

28. by the goods of claim 1, wherein the curable main body of this hydraulic reached shape stability at least 30 seconds.

29. by the goods of claim 1, wherein the curable main body of this hydraulic reached shape stability at least 10 seconds.

30. by the goods of claim 1, wherein the curable main body of this hydraulic reached shape stability at least 2 seconds.

31. by the goods of claim 1, wherein the curable adhesives of this hydraulic comprises water cement.

32. by the goods of claim 1, wherein the curable adhesives of this hydraulic comprises gypsum.

33. by the goods of claim 1, wherein the curable adhesives of this hydraulic account for weight in this hydraulic curable mixtures about 5% to about 90% scope.

34. by the goods of claim 1, wherein the curable adhesives of this hydraulic account for this hydraulic curable mixtures weight about 8% to about 60% scope.

35. by claim 1 goods, wherein the curable adhesives of this hydraulic accounts for the weight of this hydraulic curable mixtures in about 10% to 45% scope.

36. by the goods of claim 31, wherein this water cement comprises silicate cement.

37. by the goods of claim 31, wherein this water cement comprises meticulous cement.

38. goods by claim 31, wherein water cement is selected from following group, and this group comprises slag cement, aluminous cement, plaster of Paris cement, silicate cement, gypsum cement, phosphate cement, white cement, high-alumina cement, magnesia oxychloride cement, scribbles the pellet of meticulous cement particle and above-mentioned mixture.

39. by the goods of claim 1, wherein the curable adhesives of this hydraulic is selected from following classification, this classification comprises MDF cement, DSP cement, Pyrament type cement and Densit type cement.

40. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this hydraulic curable mixtures comprises the water that is up to about 10% weight.

41. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this mixture has water and the curable adhesives of hydraulic than at about 0.01 ratio to about 4 scopes.

42. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this mixture has water and the curable adhesives of hydraulic than at about 0.1 ratio to about 3.5 scopes.

43. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this mixture has water and the curable adhesives of hydraulic than at about 0.15 ratio to about 3 scopes.

44. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this mixture further comprises a filamentary material.

45. by the goods of claim 44, wherein this filamentary material increases the tensile strength of this hydraulic curable mixtures.

46. by the goods of claim 44, wherein this filamentary material is by selecting in the group down, this group comprises manila hemp fiber, glass fibre, Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemp, metal, carbon, clay and silicon.

47. by the goods of claim 44, wherein this filamentary material is plastics.

48. by the goods of claim 47, wherein these plastics are biodegradable plastics.

49. by the goods of claim 44, wherein this filamentary material comprises having the fiber that length-to-diameter ratio was at least 10: 1.

50. by the goods of claim 44, wherein this filamentary material comprises having the fiber that length-to-diameter ratio was at least 900: 1.

51. by the goods of claim 44, wherein this filamentary material comprises having the fiber that length-to-diameter ratio was at least 3000: 1.

52. by the goods of claim 44, wherein this filamentary material comprises that its length doubles the fiber of the effective diameter of the curable adhesives particle of hydraulic in this hydraulic curable mixtures at least.

53. by the goods of claim 44, wherein this filamentary material comprises the fiber of at least 10 times of effective diameters of the curable adhesives particle of hydraulic in this hydraulic curable mixtures of its length.

54. by the goods of claim 44, wherein this filamentary material comprises the fiber of at least 100 times of effective diameters of the curable adhesives particle of hydraulic in this hydraulic curable mixtures of its length.

55. by the goods of claim 44, wherein this filamentary material comprises the fiber of at least 1000 times of effective diameters of the curable adhesives particle of hydraulic in this hydraulic curable mixtures of its length.

56. by the goods of claim 44, wherein this filamentary material account for corresponding to this hydraulic curable mixtures volume about 0.2% to about 50% scope.

57. by the goods of claim 44, wherein filamentary material account for corresponding to this hydraulic curable mixtures volume about 0.5% to about 30% scope.

58. by the goods of claim 44, wherein filamentary material account for corresponding to this hydraulic curable mixtures volume about 1% to about 15% scope.

59. by the goods of claim 44, wherein this filamentary material comprises continuous fibre.

60. by the goods of claim 44, wherein this continuous fibre is selected in following group, this group comprises Kevlar, Polyaramite fiber, glass fibre, carbon fiber and cellulosic fibre.

61. by the goods of claim 44, wherein this filamentary material comprises the mixture of a continuous fibre and discontinuous fibre.

62. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this hydraulic curable mixtures further comprises a fluidised form modifying agent, it increases the curable blended plastics of this hydraulic in forming process, and provides the curable shape stability of this hydraulic after shaping.

63. by the goods of claim 62, wherein this fluidised form modifying agent comprises the glycan sill that contains glycan and derivative thereof.

64. by the goods of claim 63, wherein this glycan sill comprises cellulose-based material, it comprises Mierocrystalline cellulose and derivative thereof.

65. goods by claim 64, wherein this cellulose-based material comprises the material of selecting from following class, such comprises methyl hydroxyethylcellulose, Natvosol, methylcellulose gum, Walocel MT 20.000PV, carboxy methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl propyl cellulose and composition thereof.

66. by the goods of claim 64, wherein this cellulose-based material comprises methyl hydroxyethylcellulose.

67. by the goods of claim 66, wherein 2% aqueous solution of methyl hydroxyethylcellulose has when 20C measures the viscosity in about 15000cps scope extremely at about 4000cps.

68. by the goods of claim 64, wherein this cellulose-based material comprises Natvosol.

69. by the goods of claim 62, wherein this fluidised form modifying agent comprises wood chip.

70. by the goods of claim 63, wherein this glycan sill comprises starch-based material, comprises starch and any derivative thereof.

71. goods by claim 70, wherein this starch-based material comprises the material of selecting from following class, and such comprises amylopectin, amylose starch, seawater gel, starch acetate, h and E starch, ionic starch, chain alkyl starch, dextrin, amine starch, phosphoric acid salt starch, dialdehyde starch and composition thereof.

72. by the goods of claim 63, wherein this glycan sill comprises the material of selecting from organize down, this group comprises alginic acid, Phycocolloiel, agar, Sudan Gum-arabic, pawl ear glue nurse, Viscogum BE, kuteera gum, tragacanth gum and composition thereof.

73. by the goods of claim 62, wherein this fluidised form modifying agent comprises the protein-based material, comprises albumen and derivative thereof.

74. by the goods of claim 73, wherein this protein-based material comprises the material of selecting by in the following class, such comprises prolamine, gelatin, gelatin, casein and composition thereof.

75. goods by claim 62, wherein this fluidised form modifying agent comprises a synthetic materials, the material that this synthetic materials comprises is selected from following class, and such comprises polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidine, polyvinyl methyl ethermaleic anhydride, polyacrylic acid, acid propylene hydrochlorate, polyethylene acrylic acid, polyethylene propylene hydrochlorate, polyacrylamide imines, oxidation of ethylene polymkeric substance, synthesis of clay, rubber latex and composition thereof.

76. by the goods of claim 62, wherein this fluidised form modifying agent weight of comprising of this hydraulic curable mixtures about 0.5% to about 50% scope.

77. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this hydraulic curable mixtures further comprises pellet.

78. by the goods of claim 77, wherein this pellet is selected from organize down, this group comprises perlite, mica, clay, high territory, microballon, hollow glass bead, porous ceramics pearl and lime carbonate.

79. by the goods of claim 78, wherein this pellet has at about 0.01 micron diameter to about 3 millimeters scopes.

80. by the goods of claim 78, wherein this pellet has the diameter in about 0.1 micron to 0.5 millimeter scope.

81. by the goods of claim 78, wherein this pellet has at about 0.2 micron diameter to about 1 millimeter scope.

82. goods by claim 77, wherein this pellet is selected from organize down, and this group comprises vermiculite, diatomite, squamous rock, water glass microballon, light weight concrete, sheet alumina, aerogel, lightweight fine perlite, expanded flying dust, expanded slag, float stone and composition thereof.

83. by the goods of claim 77, wherein this pellet is selected from organize down, this group comprises glass sphere, metal, polymkeric substance, potter's clay, alumina and rock.

84. goods by claim 77, wherein this pellet comprises the material of selecting from organize down, and this group comprises sand, calcite, alumina, rhombspar, granite, quartz, gravel, rock, Lima stone, reacted cement particle, sandstone, gypsum, silica, silica powder and composition thereof.

85. by the goods of claim 77, wherein this pellet comprises the material of selecting from organize down, this group comprises seed, starch, gelatin and agar class material.

86. by the goods of claim 77, comprising the pellet weight in this hydraulic curable mixtures about 0.1% to about 80% scope.

87. by the goods of claim 77, comprising the pellet weight in this hydraulic curable mixtures about 3% to about 60% scope.

88. by the goods of claim 77, comprising the pellet weight in this hydraulic curable mixtures about 20% to about 50% scope.

89. by the goods of claim 77, wherein this pellet comprises hollow glass bead.

90. by the goods of claim 89, wherein this hollow glass bead has the effective diameter less than 1 millimeter.

91. by the goods of claim 89, wherein this hollow glass bead has a series of effective diameters.

92. by the goods of claim 89, wherein the effective diameter of this hollow glass bead is selected increases to maximum for the effective filling with this hollow glass bead.

93. by the goods of claim 77, wherein this pellet comprises plastic pellet.

94. by the goods of claim 93, wherein this hydraulic curable mixtures is flexible.

95. by the goods of claim 93, wherein the weight of the plastic pellet that comprises of this hydraulic curable mixtures about 1% to about 10% scope.

96. by the goods of claim 93, wherein the plastic pellet weight that comprises of this hydraulic curable mixtures about 3% to about 6% scope.

97. by the goods of claim 93, wherein the plastic pellet weight that comprises of this hydraulic curable mixtures about 1% to about 10% scope.

98. by the goods of claim 93, wherein the plastic pellet weight that comprises of this hydraulic curable mixtures about 2% to about 4% scope.

99. by the goods of claim 77, wherein this pellet comprises plastic pellet, wherein the curable body of this hydraulic has a surface and a middle part, and wherein this plastic pellet is more intensive than close middle part in close surface.

100. by the goods of claim 93, wherein its middle part of the curable body surface ratio of this hydraulic is more soft.

101. by the goods of claim 77, wherein the curable body of this hydraulic has a thickness, and wherein the effective diameter of the particle of pellet compares about 1/10 to about 3/4 scope with the curable body thickness of hydraulic.

102. by the goods of claim 77, wherein the curable body of this hydraulic has a thickness, and wherein the effective diameter of the particle of filler compares about 1/10 to about 1/2 scope with the curable body thickness of hydraulic.

103. by the goods of claim 77, wherein the curable body of this hydraulic has a thickness, and wherein effective diameter and the curable body thickness of hydraulic of the particle of filler than less than near 1/4 scope.

104. by the goods of claim 77, wherein this sizing is given this hydraulic color that curable body one is scheduled to.

105. by the goods of claim 77, wherein this pellet is given this hydraulic structure that curable body one is scheduled to.

106. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this hydraulic curable mixtures further comprises a mode that is used for producing at the curable body of this hydraulic the discrete state in abundant dispersive, no accumulative hole.

107. by the goods of claim 1, wherein the curable body of this hydraulic comprises that further one fully disperses cuniculate nothing gathering, discontinuous state.

108., wherein be used in the curable body of hydraulic, producing fully the method for disperseing, do not have the discrete state of assembling the hole and comprise the gas enclosure agent by the goods of claim 106.

109. by the goods of claim 108, wherein this gas enclosure agent is a tensio-active agent.

110. by the goods of claim 108, wherein this gas enclosure agent is selected from following class, such comprises polypeptide, alkylidene group, polyol or the biodegradable solution of synthesizing liquid negatively charged ion.

111. the goods by claim 108 further comprise a stablizer, are used for keeping when this hydraulic curable mixtures is solidified into the curable body of hydraulic wherein fully dispersive air pocket.

112. by the goods of claim 111, wherein this stablizer is the Vinsol resin.

113. by the goods of claim 111, wherein this stablizer is a polysaccharide base flow attitude modifying agent.

114. goods by claim 106, wherein be used for producing fully the mode of disperseing, do not have the discrete state of assembling the hole and comprise a material at the curable body of this hydraulic, the component of this material and this hydraulic curable mixtures reacts, and makes in the curable body of hydraulic and sneaks into the hole.

115. by the goods of claim 114, wherein the material with the component reaction of this hydraulic curable mixtures comprises metal.

116. by the goods of claim 114, wherein the material with the component reaction of this hydraulic curable mixtures is an aluminium.

117., comprise that further one promotes the host that gas produces by the goods of claim 114.

118. by the goods of claim 117, wherein this host is sodium hydroxide.

119. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this hydraulic curable mixtures further comprises dispersion agent.

120. by the goods of claim 119, wherein this dispersion agent comprises the sulfuration naphthaldehyde condensation compound.

121. by the goods of claim 119, wherein this dispersion agent is selected from organize down, this group comprises the sulfuration naphthaldehyde condensation compound, sulphonated oil and vinylformic acid.

122. by the goods of claim 119, wherein this dispersion agent weight that comprises in the curable adhesives of this hydraulic is up to about 5%.

123. by the goods of claim 119, wherein this dispersion agent weight that comprises in the curable adhesives of this hydraulic about 0.25% to about 4% scope.

124. by the goods of claim 119, wherein this dispersion agent weight that comprises in the curable adhesives of this hydraulic is in about 0.5% to 2% scope.

125. the goods by claim 1 comprise that further one covers the coating of this curable surface of hydraulic at least in part.

126. by the goods of claim 125, the coating that wherein covers the curable body of this hydraulic at least in part prevents that any material from dissolving in or stripping from the curable body of this hydraulic.

127. by the goods of claim 125, wherein this coating that covers this curable surface of hydraulic at least in part increases the ability that stops the water infiltration.

128. by the goods of claim 125, wherein this coating that covers this curable surface of hydraulic at least in part strengthens this part.

129. by the goods of claim 125, wherein this coating comprises the material that FDA approved.

130. goods by claim 125, wherein this coating comprises the material of selecting in following group, and this group comprises edible oil, trimeric cyanamide, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylic ester, Vltra tears, polyoxyethylene glycol, propylene, polyurethane, polyacrylic acid, starch, soya bean protein, polyethylene, synthetic polymer, wax, elastomerics and composition thereof.

131. by the goods of claim 125, wherein this coating comprises the material of selecting from organize down, this group comprises water glass, lime carbonate aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, clay, kaolin, pottery and composition thereof.

132. by the goods of claim 125, wherein this coating is to form by the step of spraying carbonic anhydride on penholder.

133. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this hydraulic curable mixtures is disposable.

134. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this hydraulic curable mixtures is reusable.

135. by the goods of claim 1, wherein this penholder comprises the different properties of a series of main bodys, they are combined together.

136. the goods by claim 1 further comprise metallic stuffing in this hydraulic curable mixtures.

137. the goods by claim 1 further are included on the curable body of this hydraulic painted.

138. the goods by claim 1 further comprise magnetized metal in this hydraulic curable mixtures.

139. by the goods of claim 1, the curable body of this hydraulic has a high moistening intensity after shaping.

140. goods that are used for mark, write, draw, dye, paint or apply makeup comprise:

A mark core; And

A penholder is used for keeping this mark core within it, and it has a curable body of being made by the hydraulic curable mixtures of hydraulic, and this mixture comprises:

The curable adhesives of hydraulic and water are than at about 0.01 curable adhesives of hydraulic and water to about 4 scopes;

One filamentary material has that volume is in about scope of 0.2% to 50% in the hydraulic curable mixtures, and wherein this filamentary material has the length-to-diameter ratio greater than 100: 1;

One fluidised form modifying agent, has in the hydraulic curable mixtures weight in about scope of 0.5% to 50%, wherein this fluidised form modifying agent has increased the plasticity of hydraulic curable mixtures in molding process, and solidifies the shape stability that provides this mixture of shaping when changing into the curable body of hydraulic when it; And

One pellet, weight is up to about 80% in the hydraulic curable mixtures.

141. by the goods of claim 140, wherein the curable adhesives of this hydraulic comprises water cement.

142. by the goods of claim 141, wherein this water cement comprises silicate cement.

143. by the goods of claim 140, wherein the curable adhesives of this hydraulic comprises gypsum.

144. by the goods of claim 140, wherein this hydraulic curable mixtures comprises that further volume accounts for the filamentary material of this mixture about 0.5% to about 30% scope.

145. by the goods of claim 140, wherein this fluidised form modifying agent comprises polysaccharide material, comprises polysaccharide and any derivative.

146. by the goods of claim 145, wherein this fluidised form modifying agent methyl hydroxyethylcellulose.

147. by the goods of claim 140, wherein this pellet is a hollow glass bead.

148. by the goods of claim 140, wherein this hydraulic curable mixtures further comprise be used for producing fully at the hydraulic curable mixtures disperse, the mode of the discrete state in accumulative hole not.

149. by the goods of claim 140, wherein this hydraulic curable mixtures further comprises and is used for fully disperseing the not air of accumulative air pocket in the mixture process.

150. by the goods of claim 149, wherein this air is a tensio-active agent.

151. by the goods of claim 140, wherein this hydraulic curable mixtures further comprises a metal, it and hydraulic curable mixtures component generated reactive gas, and it is not as abundant dispersion, the accumulative bubble enters this mixture.

152. by the goods of claim 151, wherein this metal comprises aluminium.

153. by the goods of claim 151, wherein this mixture further comprises a host, it helps gas to produce.

154. by the goods of claim 153, wherein this host comprises sodium hydroxide.

155., comprise that further one is being formed at coating on the penholder by spraying the carbonic anhydride step on the penholder by the goods of claim 140.

156. by the goods of claim 140, wherein this mixture further comprises dispersion agent.

157. by the goods of claim 156, wherein this dispersion agent comprises the sulfurized naphthaldehyde condensation compound.

158. by the goods of claim 156, wherein this dispersion agent is selected from organize down, this group comprises the sulfuration naphthaldehyde condensation compound, sulphonated oil and vinylformic acid.

159. a system marker has method, the method comprising the steps of is:

Mix curable adhesives of hydraulic and water, form one hydraulic curable mixtures;

This hydraulic curable mixtures is shaped as the penholder with the curable body of hydraulic, and this penholder is formed and is used for keeping a mark core; And

In the time of effective weak point of totally making penholder, make the curable body hardening of hydraulic of this penholder.

160. by the method for claim 159, the hydraulic curable mixtures that wherein is shaped is that the step of penholder provides the curable shape stability of this hydraulic.

161., further be included in the step of placing the mark core in the penholder by the method for claim 159.

162. by the method for claim 161, wherein this mark core is demountable.

163. by the method for claim 161, wherein this mark core is fixedly to remain in the penholder.

164. by the method for claim 163, the step that wherein should place the mark core in penholder produces inviscid bonding between this mark core and penholder.

165. by the method for claim 162, wherein this hydraulic curable mixtures step of being configured as the step of penholder and placing the mark core in penholder is carried out simultaneously.

166. by the method for claim 162, wherein this hydraulic curable mixtures step of being configured as the step of penholder and placing the mark core in penholder is carried out simultaneously.

167. by the method for claim 163, wherein this hydraulic curable mixtures step of being configured as the step of penholder and placing the mark core in penholder is carried out simultaneously.

168. by the method for claim 163, wherein this hydraulic curable mixtures step of being configured as the step of penholder and placing the mark core in penholder is carried out simultaneously.

169. by the method for claim 159, wherein the step that this hydraulic curable mixtures is configured as penholder comprises:

Push the parts of this hydraulic curable mixtures or penholder; And

Assemble these parts and become penholder.

170. by the method for claim 159, wherein the step that this hydraulic curable mixtures is configured as penholder comprises:

Push the parts that this hydraulic curable mixtures becomes penholder;

Assemble these parts and become penholder.

171. by the method for claim 169, the step that wherein the hydraulic curable mixtures is configured as pen becomes penholder to finish by pushing this hydraulic curable mixtures.

172. by the method for claim 159, the step that wherein the hydraulic curable mixtures is configured as penholder is finished by pushing this hydraulic curable mixtures and mark core simultaneously, the penholder of being made by this mixture is around the mark core.

173. by the method for claim 172, wherein this mark core is demountable.

174. by the method for claim 172, wherein this mark core is fixed and remains in this penholder.

175., wherein between this mark core and penholder, produce inviscid bonding by the method for claim 174.

176. by the method for claim 172, wherein pushing this mixture and this mark core simultaneously is to finish by vertical extruder.

177. by the method for claim 159, wherein this mixture step of being configured as penholder is finished by the piston extrusion machine.

178. by the method for claim 159, wherein this mixture step of being configured as penholder is finished by screw extrusion press.

179. by the method for claim 159, comprising the deaeration step of hydraulic curable mixtures.

180. by the method for claim 179, wherein deaeration step is finished by the vacuum extrusion of this hydraulic curable mixtures.

181. by the method for claim 159, the step that wherein this mixture is configured as penholder is finished by this hydraulic curable mixtures is molded as penholder.

182. by the method for claim 181, wherein forming step further comprises the releasing agent that use helps mold formed penholder to deviate from.

183. by the method for claim 159, the step that wherein this mixture is configured as penholder is finished by the parts that this hydraulic curable mixtures is molded as penholder.

184. by the method for claim 159, the step that wherein this mixture is configured as penholder is finished by the part that this hydraulic curable mixtures is molded as penholder.

185. by the method for claim 159, the step that wherein this mixture is configured as penholder comprises:

Make a slice with this hydraulic curable mixtures; And

This sheet of reeling around the mark core.

186. by the method for claim 159, wherein the step that this mixture structure is configured as penholder comprises:

Make a slice with this hydraulic curable mixtures; And

Spiral twines this sheet around the mark core.

187. by the method for claim 159, the step that wherein this mixture is configured as penholder is finished by the powder compact of this hydraulic curable mixtures.

188. by the method for claim 159, wherein the curable adhesives of this hydraulic comprises water cement.

189. by the method for claim 188, wherein this water cement comprises silicate cement.

190. by the method for claim 159, wherein the curable adhesives of this hydraulic comprises gypsum.

191., wherein comprise the water of 5% to 10% weight in the hydraulic curable mixtures by the method for claim 159.

192. by the method for claim 159, wherein this hydraulic curable mixtures have with this adhesives at about 0.01 ratio to about 4 scopes.

193., further comprise and add filamentary material in this mixture step by the method for claim 159.

194. by the method for claim 193, wherein this fiber is selected from organize down, this group comprises Kerlar, Polyaramite, glass fibre, carbon fiber and cellulosic fibre and composition thereof.

195. by the method for claim 193, wherein the filamentary material volume in this mixture about 0.2% to about 50% scope.

196. by the method for claim 193, wherein the filamentary material volume in this mixture about 0.5% to about 30% scope.

197. by the method for claim 193, wherein the filamentary material volume in this mixture about 1% to about 15% scope.

198. by the method for claim 159, further be included in and add the fluidised form modifying agent in this mixture, increase the plasticity of this mixture.

199. by the method for claim 198, wherein the fluidised form modifying agent weight in this mixture about 0.5% to about 50% scope.

200. by the method for claim 198, wherein this fluidised form modifying agent comprises polysaccharide material.

201. by the method for claim 198, wherein this fluidised form modifying agent comprises protein material.

202. by the method for claim 198, wherein this fluidised form modifying agent comprises synthetic organic material.

203. by the method for claim 198, wherein this fluidised form modifying agent comprises the rubber latex material.

204., further be included in the step of adding pellet in this mixture by the method for claim 159.

205. by the method for claim 204, wherein this pellet weight in this hydraulic curable mixtures is up to about 80%.

206. by the method for claim 204, wherein in this mixture pellet weight about 3% to about 60% scope.

207. by the method for claim 204, wherein this pellet increases this penholder intensity.

208. by the method for claim 204, wherein this pellet has a series of different sizes, makes to improve this pellet filling effect.

209., further be included in the step of adding dispersion agent in this hydraulic curable mixtures by the method for claim 159.

210. by the method for claim 209, wherein this dispersion agent comprises the sulfuration naphthaldehyde condensation compound.

211. by the method for claim 209, wherein this dispersion agent is selected from organize down, this group comprises sulfuration naphthaldehyde condensation compound, vulcanized oil and vinylformic acid.

212. by the method for claim 209, wherein dispersion agent weight is the highest in this mixture gives 5%.

213. by the method for claim 209, wherein in this mixture dispersion agent weight about 0.25% to about 4% scope.

214. by the method for claim 209, wherein in this mixture dispersion agent weight about 0.5% to about 2% scope.

215. by the method for claim 159, wherein this water cement and water mix in a high energy high shear mixer.

216., further comprise air pocket is inserted step in this hydraulic curable mixtures, the hole that forms thus in obtaining the curable body of this hydraulic by the method for claim 159.

217. by the method for claim 216, wherein this air pocket is placed into by the high pressure that extrusion machine keeps, and produces evaporation of water in this mixture when this mixture leaves extrusion machine.

218. by the method for claim 216, wherein insert the step in hole and finish by add metal in this mixture, this metal is easy to oxidized under water base condition, produces gas, forms the air pocket in the curable body of hydraulic thus.

219. by the method for claim 218, wherein this metal is selected from organize down, this group comprises magnesium, aluminium, zinc and tin.

220. by the method for claim 218, further comprise the step of this hydraulic curable mixtures of heating and metal, thereby augmenting response rate and gas produce.

221. the method by claim 218 further comprises the step of mixing a host in this mixture, thereby augmenting response rate and gas produce.

222., further be included in the step of adding air in this mixture, thereby stable air cave by the method for claim 216.

223., further be included in the step of adding magnetizable metal in this mixture by the method for claim 159.

224., further be included in the step of adding metallic stuffing in this mixture by the method for claim 159.

225. the method by claim 159 further comprises to the painted step of this mixture.

226. by the method for claim 159, further comprise the step of penholder, thereby will mainly be that moisture content is removed from this mixture through drying alley.

227. by the method for claim 226, wherein the removal of the water of main amount has increased the shape stability of the curable body of this hydraulic.

228. by the method for claim 226, wherein removing main moisture content is by using wavelength to finish at the ripple from about microwave wavelength to about X ray wavelength region.

229., further comprise the coating that covers the curable body penholder of this a hydraulic surface part at least by the method for claim 159.

230. method by claim 229, wherein this coating that covers the curable body penholder of this a hydraulic part at least scribbles down the material of selecting in the group, and this group comprises water glass, ortho-silicate, siloxanes, the colloidal state silicon in the organic polymer dispersion, membranaceous colloidal state silicon, fibrous colloidal state silicon, bio-degradable plastics, lime carbonate, propylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, trimeric cyanamide, polyethylene, synthetic polymer, hydroxyethylmethyl-cellulose, polyoxyethylene glycol, alumina, clay, Zein^, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, pottery, wax and paint.

231. by the method for claim 229, the coating that wherein covers the curable body penholder of a hydraulic part at least scribbles carbonic anhydride.

232. by the method for claim 229, the coating that wherein covers the curable body penholder of a hydraulic part has at least been strengthened this part.

233. by the method for claim 229, the step that wherein applies penholder provides the penholder of people's safety contact.

234. the method by claim 159 further comprises the step of cutting penholder.

235., further be included in the step of typographic(al) mark on the penholder by the method for claim 159.

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