CN111898253B - Cooperative value assessment method for reservoir operation and ecological environment protection of downstream rivers - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种水库调度及其下游河流生态环境保护的合作价值评估方法，在进行水库生态调度之前，使用Eckhardt滤波技术对初始方法进行改进，生成了日尺度生态基流；将水电站发电效益和生态学指标作为不同目标，建立了综合考虑发电、生态、航运过程的多目标优化模型；同时考虑水电站发电目标和生态目标之间的合作模式，设立了两个主体联盟的合作调度情景；并通过不同情景间的最优化计算成果以及在不同权重条件下的合作生态价值，来评价复杂水库系统进行合作生态调度对下游河道的生态价值。本发明通过评价复杂水库系统进行合作生态调度对下游河道的生态价值，建立了合作价值评估模型，为水库调度提供多维度理论依据。

The invention discloses a cooperative value evaluation method for reservoir dispatching and ecological environment protection of downstream rivers. Before the reservoir ecological dispatching, Eckhardt filtering technology is used to improve the initial method to generate a daily scale ecological base flow; and ecological indicators as different goals, established a multi-objective optimization model that comprehensively considered power generation, ecology, and shipping processes; at the same time, considering the cooperation model between the power generation goals and ecological goals of hydropower stations, a cooperative dispatch scenario of the two main alliances was established; and Through the optimal calculation results between different scenarios and the cooperative ecological value under different weight conditions, the ecological value of the cooperative ecological dispatch of the complex reservoir system to the downstream river channel is evaluated. The present invention establishes a cooperative value evaluation model by evaluating the ecological value of the complex reservoir system for cooperative ecological dispatch to the downstream river, and provides a multi-dimensional theoretical basis for the reservoir dispatch.

Description

Translated fromChinese

水库调度及其下游河流生态环境保护的合作价值评估方法Cooperative value assessment method for reservoir operation and ecological environment protection of downstream rivers

技术领域technical field

本发明属于水库优化调度领域，涉及一套生态合作价值评估体系，具体涉及一种水库调度及其下游河流生态环境保护的合作价值评估方法。The invention belongs to the field of reservoir optimization and dispatch, relates to a set of ecological cooperation value evaluation system, and in particular relates to a cooperative value evaluation method for reservoir regulation and ecological environment protection of downstream rivers.

背景技术Background technique

水库系统多变，是一个多目标多主体的复杂系统，同时兼具防洪、发电、生态、航运和供水等功能。这些目标之间存在相互矛盾和相互支援的关系。现在，江湖系统的生态价值越来越被强调，但是尚未产生一种业界通用的评价标准。而在河流生态价值尚未评估完全的基础上，全国水库已大力推行标准不一的生态调度方案。生态调度是意味着水库在调度过程中，特意保持下泄一定的流量以维持河道内外的生态环境，这种调度方式将影响水电站的发电效益。其中，发电效益是可以进行直观的货币化，而生态效益则不行。所以，如果决策者想要综合考虑带有生态目标的优化调度方案，必须要知道生态调度所带来的真实货币效益。The reservoir system is changeable. It is a complex system with multiple targets and multiple subjects. It also has the functions of flood control, power generation, ecology, shipping and water supply. There is a conflicting and mutually supportive relationship between these goals. Now, the ecological value of the rivers and lakes system is being emphasized more and more, but there is no common evaluation standard in the industry. On the basis that the ecological value of rivers has not been fully evaluated, the national reservoirs have vigorously implemented ecological adjustment schemes with different standards. Ecological dispatch means that in the process of dispatching, the reservoir deliberately maintains a certain flow rate to maintain the ecological environment inside and outside the river. This dispatching method will affect the power generation efficiency of the hydropower station. Among them, power generation benefits can be intuitively monetized, while ecological benefits cannot. Therefore, if decision makers want to comprehensively consider optimal scheduling schemes with ecological goals, they must know the real monetary benefits brought by ecological scheduling.

通常在解决多目标的问题时，解集是一系列带有偏好的解的集合。在非劣解处，改善一个目标函数的效益，必以牺牲其他目标函数的利益为代价。所以借用权衡策略概念，一个目标的恶化可以通过另一个目标的提升来补偿。鉴于此，本发明提出了以生态调度为背景的水库合作调度的生态价值评估方法，利用综合生态指标的减小来量化增大发电效益带来的生态学经济影响，以此定义及货币化水库调度过程中的生态合作价值。Usually when solving multi-objective problems, the solution set is a set of solutions with preferences. In a non-inferior solution, improving the benefit of one objective function must sacrifice the benefit of other objective functions. So to borrow the concept of trade-off strategies, the deterioration of one objective can be compensated by the improvement of the other objective. In view of this, the present invention proposes an ecological value assessment method for reservoir cooperative dispatching with ecological dispatching as the background, and uses the reduction of comprehensive ecological indicators to quantify the ecological and economic impact brought by the increase of power generation benefits, so as to define and monetize the reservoir. The value of ecological cooperation in the scheduling process.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的在于评估水库合作生态调度方案中的合作价值，利用发电量的涨落来具体化合作调度的生态价值，以此来探讨水库的合作价值以及可能性，以实现水资源的统一管理和合作价值的评估。The purpose of the present invention is to evaluate the cooperative value in the cooperative ecological dispatching scheme of the reservoir, and use the fluctuation of power generation to embody the ecological value of cooperative dispatching, so as to explore the cooperative value and possibility of the reservoir, so as to realize the unified management of water resources. and evaluation of the value of cooperation.

为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：For achieving the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

一种水库调度及其下游河流生态环境保护的合作价值评估方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：A cooperative value assessment method for reservoir regulation and ecological environment protection of downstream rivers, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

步骤1：生态基流识别，基于Eckhardt双参数滤波法生态基流识别得到公式(2)如下：Step 1: Identification of ecological baseflow, based on the Eckhardt two-parameter filtering method, the formula (2) is obtained as follows:

其中，b_t为t时刻的生态基流，y_t为t时刻的总径流量，a为基流退散系数，为经验值常数，BFI_max为控制站多年最大基流指数，t为时间；Among them, b_t is the ecological base flow at time t, y_t is the total runoff at time t, a is the base flow regression coefficient, which is an empirical constant, BFI_max is the maximum base flow index of the control station for many years, and t is time;

步骤2：单库多目标优化模型建模，多目标优化模型的建立主要包括目标函数的建立和约束条件的抽象；Step 2: Single-database multi-objective optimization model modeling, the establishment of multi-objective optimization model mainly includes the establishment of objective functions and the abstraction of constraints;

步骤2.1、目标函数包括水电站的发电效益目标函数和水电站的生态环境效益目标函数分别如下：Step 2.1. The objective function includes the power generation benefit objective function of the hydropower station and the ecological environment benefit objective function of the hydropower station as follows:

发电效益目标函数：Power generation benefit objective function:

其中，HP为总发电量，η为效率系数，RG_i为第i天用于水力发电的流量，g为重力加速度，

为第i天的平均库水位，h_down,i为第i天的水电站下游尾水水位；Among them, HP is the total power generation, η is the efficiency coefficient, RG_i is the flow used for hydropower generation on the ith day, g is the acceleration of gravity,

is the average reservoir water level on the ith day, h_down,i is the tail water level downstream of the hydropower station on the ith day;

生态环境效益目标函数：Eco-environmental benefit objective function:

其中，EI是综合生态学指标，P是生态学指标总数量，w_p是第p个生态学指标的权重，A_r,p是经过水库操作后的第p个生态学指标的指标值，A_n,p是天然状态下第p个生态学指标的指标值；Among them, EI is the comprehensive ecological index, P is the total number of ecological indicators, w_p is the weight of the p-th ecological index, A_r,p is the index value of the p-th ecological index after the reservoir operation, A_n,p is the index value of the p-th ecological index in the natural state;

步骤2.2、设置水库运行的主要约束条件，分别是水量平衡约束、水库蓄水位约束、水库下泄流量约束、水库下泄流量变幅约束、水电站出力约束、电站出力变幅约束和航运流量约束；Step 2.2. Set the main constraints for the operation of the reservoir, namely the water balance constraint, the reservoir water level constraint, the reservoir discharge flow constraint, the reservoir discharge flow variable amplitude constraint, the hydropower station output constraint, the power station output variable amplitude constraint and the shipping flow constraint;

步骤4：调度情景设计Step 4: Scheduling Scenario Design

本发明为分析水库生态调度的合作价值，故将水库的发电效益和生态环境效益当作两个主体运用博弈论分析；那么这时候，博弈论分析中的非合作情景则变化为了水库调度的单目标优化情景，而合作情景则类比为水库调度中的多目标优化调度情景；故在分析过程中共计了3种情景，情景一和情景二都是单目标优化问题，代表博弈论分析中的非合作状态，可以确定两种目标函数的上下边界；情景三则应当是合作状态，是一个多目标优化问题；为求解多目标优化问题，故将HP和EI通过权重λ结合在一起，将复杂多目标问题变为一个单目标优化问题，这样就可以通过合作状态和非合作状态的对比和进一步的博弈均衡分析得到水库调度的生态合作价值；In order to analyze the cooperative value of the ecological dispatching of the reservoir, the present invention takes the power generation benefit and the ecological environment benefit of the reservoir as two subjects and uses the game theory analysis; then, the non-cooperative scenario in the game theoretical analysis is changed to the single reservoir dispatching scenario. The objective optimization scenario, while the cooperation scenario is analogous to the multi-objective optimal scheduling scenario in reservoir scheduling; therefore, there are three scenarios in the analysis process. In the cooperative state, the upper and lower boundaries of the two objective functions can be determined; the third scenario should be in the cooperative state, which is a multi-objective optimization problem; in order to solve the multi-objective optimization problem, HP and EI are combined through the weight λ to combine the complex and multi-objective optimization problems. The objective problem becomes a single-objective optimization problem, so that the ecological cooperation value of reservoir operation can be obtained through the comparison of cooperative state and non-cooperative state and further game equilibrium analysis;

步骤5：合作价值评估Step 5: Collaboration Value Assessment

在优化过程中，对于生态学指标的偏重将导致水电站发电空间的减少，影响最终发电量。在权衡策略中，一个目标的改进可以通过另一个目标的恶化来补偿；基于这种思想，在详细分析情景三条件下的调度结果，提出了一种使用水电收入来具体衡量水库生态调度带来的下游发电影响的方法；帕累托最优概念保证相对于仅考虑发电效益的最优解S^H，相对于其他不同条件下的最优解S^λ的生态学价值是通过水电收益的减少来补偿的；那也就意味着水电收益的减少量可以用于表征合作方案的生态学价值；具体地，权重λ条件下的最优解S^λ的合作生态价值v^λ可以被定义为：In the optimization process, the emphasis on ecological indicators will lead to the reduction of the power generation space of the hydropower station, which will affect the final power generation. In the trade-off strategy, the improvement of one objective can be compensated by the deterioration of the other objective; based on this idea, after detailed analysis of the dispatching results under the three conditions of scenario three, a method is proposed to use hydropower revenue to specifically measure the impact of reservoir ecological dispatch. The method of downstream power generation impact; the concept of Pareto optimality guarantees that relative to the optimal solution^SH which only considers the power generation benefit, the ecological value relative to the optimal solution S^λ under different conditions is determined by the reduction of hydropower benefits. It means that the reduction of hydropower benefits can be used to characterize the ecological value of the cooperative scheme; specifically, the cooperative ecological value v^λ of the optimal solution S^λ under the condition of weight λ can be defined as:

其中，HP(S^H)表示仅考虑发电效益条件下的总发电量，EI(S^H)表示仅考虑发电效益条件下的综合生态学指标，HP(S^λ)表示在发电效益权重为λ条件下的最优总发电量，EI(S^λ)表示在发电效益权重为λ条件下的最优综合生态学指标，EP为模型设置固定电价。Among them, HP(S^H ) represents the total power generation under the condition that only the power generation benefit is considered, EI(S^H ) represents the comprehensive ecological index under the condition that only the power generation benefit is considered, and HP(S^λ ) represents the condition that the power generation benefit weight is λ Under the optimal total power generation, EI(S^λ ) represents the optimal comprehensive ecological index under the condition that the power generation benefit weight is λ, and EP sets the fixed electricity price for the model.

进一步地，步骤1中，生态基流识别的具体步骤如下：Further, in step 1, the specific steps of ecological base flow identification are as follows:

步骤1.1、将水文控制站的年流量过程按照给定的时间间隔N分割为m段，确定每段的最小流量序列(q₁,q₂,...,q_m)；然后从中确定拐点；再将所有拐点连接得到基流过程，拐点之间的基流由线性插值得到；Step 1.1. Divide the annual flow process of the hydrological control station into m sections according to a given time interval N, and determine the minimum flow sequence (q₁ , q₂ , ..., q_m ) of each section; then determine the inflection point; Then connect all the inflection points to obtain the base flow process, and the base flow between the inflection points is obtained by linear interpolation;

步骤1.2、得到基流过程后通过如下公式(1)计算基流指数值Step 1.2, after obtaining the base flow process, calculate the base flow index value by the following formula (1)

其中，Q_Basic是基流过程总流量，Q_Total是总径流量，BFI为基流指数；Among them, Q_Basic is the total flow of the base flow process, Q_Total is the total runoff, and BFI is the base flow index;

步骤1.3，根据基流指数按照公式(2)计算不同时刻的生态基流。Step 1.3, according to the base flow index, calculate the ecological base flow at different times according to formula (2).

进一步地，步骤1中，确定每段的最小流量序列中拐点的方法具体为：从最小流量序列中的第二个序列开始，将该序列与系数k相乘，并判断如果满足k×q_t小于q_t-1和q_t+1，则q_t为拐点，k为人为定义的控制基流精度参数，为常数，取值范围为0.9--0.979。Further, in step 1, the method for determining the inflection point in the minimum flow sequence of each segment is as follows: starting from the second sequence in the minimum flow sequence, multiply the sequence by the coefficient k, and determine if k × q_t is satisfied. If it is less than q_t-1 and q_t+1 , then q_t is the inflection point, and k is the artificially defined control base flow precision parameter, which is a constant, and the value range is 0.9--0.979.

进一步地，步骤2.1中，生态学指标采用基于水文改变指标法对水库操作的生态学影响做评价，该指标体系包括反映流量的大小、频率、持续时间、周期和变化率这5方面特征。Further, in step 2.1, the ecological index adopts the hydrological change index method to evaluate the ecological impact of the reservoir operation. The index system includes five characteristics that reflect the flow size, frequency, duration, period and rate of change.

进一步地，步骤2.1中，所述生态学指标包括分成5大类的32个流量指标，具体如下：Further, in step 2.1, the ecological indicators include 32 flow indicators divided into 5 categories, as follows:

第一类是月平均流量，共12个指标；The first category is the monthly average flow, with a total of 12 indicators;

其中，A_m是第m个月的月平均流量，J_m是第m个月的总天数，Q_i是第m个月中第i天的径流量；Among them, Am is the monthly average flow of the_mth month,_Jm is the total number of days in the mth month, and Qi is the runoff on the_ith day in the mth month;

第二类是年极值流量，共12个指标；The second category is the annual extreme flow, with a total of 12 indicators;

以最大1日流量A₁₃和最小1日流量A₁₈为例，计算公式如下：Taking the maximum 1-day flow A₁₃ and the minimum 1-day flow A₁₈ as examples, the calculation formula is as follows:

其中，求和符号下标i表示一年中的第i天，而上标i+x-1则是公式(6)和公式(7)中求和计算的上边界，对于最大1日流量A₁₃和最小1日流量A₁₈来说x＝1；Q_i是第i天的径流量；同理将公式(6)中的x分别替换为3、7、30、90，得到最大3日流量A₁₄、最大7日流量A₁₅、最大30日流量A₁₆及最大90日流量A₁₇；同理将公式(7)中的x分别替换为3、7、30、90，得到最小3日流量A₁₉、最小7日流量A₂₀、最小30日流量A₂₁及最小90日流量A₂₂；Among them, the subscript i of the summation symbol represents the ith day of the year, and the superscript i+x-1 is the upper boundary of the summation calculation in formula (6) and formula (7). For the maximum 1-day flow A₁₃ and the minimum 1-day flow A₁₈ , x=1; Q_i is the runoff on the ith day; similarly, replace x in formula (6) with 3, 7, 30, and 90, respectively, to obtain the maximum 3-day flow A₁₄ , maximum 7-day flow A₁₅ , maximum 30-day flow A₁₆ , and maximum 90-day flow A₁₇ ; similarly, replace x in formula (7) with 3, 7, 30, and 90, respectively, to obtain the minimum 3-day flow_A19 , minimum 7-day flow_A20 , minimum 30-day flow_A21 , and minimum 90-day flow_A22 ;

在IHA体系中还需要定义一个平均流指数，用A₂₃来表示；In the IHA system, it is also necessary to define an average flow index, which is represented by A₂₃ ;

其中，A₂₀为年最小7日流量，I_i为第i时段的来水量；Among them, A₂₀ is the annual minimum 7-day flow, and I_i is the inflow volume of the i-th period;

第三类是年极值流量出现的时间，共2个指标；The third category is the time when the annual extreme flow occurs, with a total of 2 indicators;

其中，A₂₄为以罗马日记的年最大值出现的时间，A₂₅为以罗马日记的年最小值出现的时间，C₁为用于保证式子的合理性的极小量常数；Wherein, A₂₄ is the time when the annual maximum value of the Roman diary appears, A₂₅ is the time when the annual minimum value of the Roman diary appears, and C₁ is a minimal constant used to ensure the rationality of the formula;

第四类是高、低流量的频率与持续时间，共4个指标；The fourth category is the frequency and duration of high and low traffic, with a total of 4 indicators;

以超越概率为25％和75％的日流量为界限，A₂₆为高流量的频率，A₂₇为高流量的持续时间，A₂₈为低流量的频率，A₂₉为低流量的持续时间；Taking the daily flow with the probability of exceeding 25% and 75% as the boundary, A₂₆ is the frequency of high flow, A₂₇ is the duration of high flow, A₂₈ is the frequency of low flow, and A₂₉ is the duration of low flow;

第五类是水流条件的变化率与频率，共3个指标。The fifth category is the rate of change and frequency of water flow conditions, with a total of 3 indicators.

其中，DS_i是下泄流量的变幅，RiseNum为连续上升事件的次数，FallNum为连续下降事件的次数，C₂为以保证式子的合理性的极小常量；A₃₀为连续日流量增加量，A₃₁为连续日流量减少量，A₃₂为年涨落水总次数。Among them, DS_i is the variation of the leakage flow, RiseNum is the number of continuous rising events, FallNum is the number of continuous falling events, C₂ is a minimal constant to ensure the rationality of the formula; A₃₀ is the continuous daily flow increase , A₃₁ is the continuous daily flow reduction, and A₃₂ is the total number of annual fluctuations.

进一步地，步骤2.2中，根据水库调度规程确定航运最低流量为航运流量约束，其余约束条件如下：Further, in step 2.2, the minimum shipping flow is determined as the shipping flow constraint according to the reservoir scheduling rules, and the remaining constraints are as follows:

2.2.1水量平衡约束2.2.1 Water balance constraints

V_t+1＝V_t+(I_t-Q_t)Δt 公式(19)V_t+1 =V_t +(I_t -Q_t )Δt Equation (19)

其中，V_t、V_t+1分别为第t时段水库的初始库容和末库容，I_t为第t时段的入库流量，Q_t为第t时段的下泄流量，当该时段出力小于机组段对应的最大出力时，该流量等于发电流量；Among them, V_t and V_t+1 are the initial storage capacity and final storage capacity of the reservoir in the t period, respectively, I_t is the inflow flow in the t period, and Q_t is the discharge flow in the t period. When the output in this period is less than the unit section When the corresponding maximum output, the flow is equal to the power generation flow;

2.2.2水库蓄水位约束2.2.2 Reservoir storage level constraints

其中，Z_t和

分别为第t时段水库允许的最低和最高水位；whereZ_t and

are the minimum and maximum water levels allowed by the reservoir in the t period, respectively;

2.2.3水库下泄流量约束2.2.3 Reservoir discharge flow constraints

其中，q_t和

为第t时段水电站允许的最小和最大下泄流量，BF_t为第t时段的控制站点的生态流量；_where ,qt and

is the minimum and maximum discharge flow allowed by the hydropower station in the t-th period, and BF_t is the ecological flow of the control site in the t-th period;

2.2.4下泄流量变幅约束2.2.4 Leakage flow variable amplitude constraint

|Q_t-Q_t-1|≤ΔQ_max 公式(22)|Q_t -Q_t-1 |≤ΔQ_max Formula (22)

其中，ΔQ_max为水电站日流量最大变幅；Among them, ΔQ_max is the maximum variation of the daily flow of the hydropower station;

2.2.5水电站出力约束2.2.5 Output constraints of hydropower stations

其中，N_t和

为第t时段水电站对应的最大和最小出力限制，N_t为第t时段的实际出力；where_{, Nt}and

is the maximum and minimum output limits corresponding to the hydropower station in the t-th period, and N_t is the actual output in the t-th period;

2.2.6电站出力变幅约束2.2.6 Power station output variable amplitude constraints

|N_t-N_t-1|≤50％×N_Total 公式(24)|N_t -N_t-1 |≤50％×N_Total formula (24)

其中，N_Total为水电站装机容量。Among them, N_Total is the installed capacity of the hydropower station.

进一步地，步骤4中，为求解多目标优化问题，将HP和EI通过权重λ结合在一起变为一个单目标优化的公式如下：Further, in step 4, in order to solve the multi-objective optimization problem, the formula for combining HP and EI into a single-objective optimization through the weight λ is as follows:

CI＝λHP_n+(1-λ)EI 公式(25)CI=λHP_n +(1-λ)EI Equation (25)

其中，CI为单目标优化的组合指标，HP_n为去量纲化的总发电量指标。Among them, CI is the combined index of single-objective optimization, and HP_n is the dedimensionalized total power generation index.

本发明有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

本发明从多目标水库生态调度出发，为了探究复杂水库系统中的下游河道的生态合作价值。在进行水库生态调度之前，使用Eckhardt滤波技术对初始方法进行改进，生成了日尺度生态基流；将水电站发电效益和生态学指数为不同目标，建立了综合考虑发电、生态、航运过程的多目标优化模型；同时考虑水电站发电目标和生态目标之间的合作模式，设立了两个主体联盟的合作调度情景；并通过不同情景间的最优化计算成果以及在不同权重条件下的合作生态价值，来评价复杂水库系统进行合作生态调度对下游河道的生态价值。The invention starts from the multi-objective reservoir ecological regulation, in order to explore the ecological cooperation value of the downstream river in the complex reservoir system. Before carrying out the ecological dispatch of the reservoir, the initial method was improved by using Eckhardt filtering technology, and the daily-scale ecological base flow was generated. Taking the power generation benefit and ecological index of hydropower stations as different goals, a multi-objective comprehensive consideration of power generation, ecology and shipping process was established. The optimization model; considering the cooperation mode between the power generation target and the ecological target of the hydropower station at the same time, a cooperative dispatch scenario of the two subject alliances is established; and through the optimization calculation results between different scenarios and the cooperative ecological value under different weight conditions, to Evaluate the ecological value of cooperative ecological dispatch of complex reservoir systems to downstream river channels.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明以三峡水库生态调度为例，在三种代表典型年下的多目标优化结果及本年生态调度最大最小生态合作价值体现的示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the multi-objective optimization results in three representative years and the maximum and minimum ecological cooperation value of the ecological dispatch in this year, taking the ecological dispatch of the Three Gorges Reservoir as an example in the present invention.

图2为本发明以三峡水库生态调度的生态合作价值的统计对比图。FIG. 2 is a statistical comparison diagram of the ecological cooperation value of the Three Gorges Reservoir ecological dispatch according to the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为使本发明实施的目的、技术方案、有点更加清晰，下面将结合本发明实施例来介绍本发明的技术方案。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and points of the implementation of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention.

一种水库调度及其下游河流生态环境保护的合作价值评估方法，包括以下步骤：A cooperative value assessment method for reservoir regulation and ecological environment protection of downstream rivers, comprising the following steps:

步骤1：Eckhardt双参数滤波法生态基流识别Step 1: Eckhardt two-parameter filtering method for ecological baseflow identification

首先，将水文控制站的年流量过程按照给定的时间间隔N分割为m段，确定每段的最小流量序列(q₁,q₂,...,q_m)；然后从中确定拐点(如果满足k×q_t小于q_t-1和q_t+1，则q_t为拐点)；再将所有拐点连接得到基流过程，拐点之间的基流由线性插值得到。First, divide the annual flow process of the hydrological control station into m sections according to a given time interval N, and determine the minimum flow sequence (q₁ , q₂ , ..., q_m ) of each section; then determine the inflection point (if If k×q_t is less than q_t-1 and q_t+1 , then q_t is the inflection point); then connect all the inflection points to obtain the base flow process, and the base flow between the inflection points is obtained by linear interpolation.

系数k为控制基流精度的参数，是一个人为定义参数，一般在模型中取值为0.9或者0.979。The coefficient k is a parameter that controls the accuracy of the base flow, and is an artificially defined parameter, generally taking a value of 0.9 or 0.979 in the model.

得到粗略基流过程后，计算对应BFI(基流指数)值，After obtaining the rough base flow process, calculate the corresponding BFI (base flow index) value,

其中，Q_Basic是基流过程总流量，Q_Total是总径流量。where Q_Basic is the total flow of the base flow process and Q_Total is the total runoff.

但是这样得到的径流过程较为粗糙，不能抓住自然流量中的脉冲过程，同时也只是旬尺度的基流过程，那么此基础上采用Eckhardt双参数滤波法能从一定程度上解决问题：However, the runoff process obtained in this way is relatively rough, cannot capture the pulse process in the natural flow, and is only a ten-day-scale base flow process. On this basis, the Eckhardt two-parameter filtering method can solve the problem to a certain extent:

其中，b_t为t时刻的生态基流，y_t为t时刻的总径流量，a为基流退散系数，BFI_max为控制站多年最大基流指数，t为时间。根据经验获取，基流退散系数a通常取值为0.925～0.95。Among them, b_t is the ecological base flow at time t, y_t is the total runoff at time t, a is the base flow regression coefficient, BFI_max is the maximum base flow index of the control station for many years, and t is time. According to experience, the base flow regression coefficient a usually ranges from 0.925 to 0.95.

步骤2：单库多目标优化模型建模Step 2: Modeling of single-database multi-objective optimization model

多目标优化模型的建立主要包括目标函数的建立和约束条件的抽象。在本发明中，首要目标函数水电站发电效益：The establishment of the multi-objective optimization model mainly includes the establishment of the objective function and the abstraction of the constraints. In the present invention, the primary objective function hydropower generation benefit:

其中，HP为总发电量，η为效率系数，RG_i为第i天用于水力发电的流量，g为重力加速度，

为第i天的平均库水位，h_down,i为第i天的水电站下游尾水水位。Among them, HP is the total power generation, η is the efficiency coefficient, RG_i is the flow used for hydropower generation on the ith day, g is the acceleration of gravity,

is the average reservoir water level on the ith day, h_down,i is the tail water level downstream of the hydropower station on the ith day.

对于水电站生态环境效益目标函数做如下定义：The objective function of ecological environment benefit of hydropower station is defined as follows:

其中，EI是综合生态学指标，P是生态学指标总数量，w_p是第p个生态学指标的权重，A_r,p是经过水库操作后的第p个生态学指标的指标值，A_n,p是天然状态下第p个生态学指标的指标值。Among them, EI is the comprehensive ecological index, P is the total number of ecological indicators, w_p is the weight of the p-th ecological index, A_r,p is the index value of the p-th ecological index after the reservoir operation, A_n,p is the index value of the p-th ecological index in the natural state.

本发明中基于水文改变指标法(IHA)对水库操作的生态学影响做评价。该指标体系主要包括32个流量指标，可以被分为5大类，反映流量的大小、频率、持续时间、周期和变化率这5方面特征。In the present invention, the ecological impact of reservoir operation is evaluated based on the hydrological change index method (IHA). The indicator system mainly includes 32 traffic indicators, which can be divided into five categories, reflecting the five characteristics of traffic size, frequency, duration, period and rate of change.

第一类是月平均流量，共12个指标。The first category is the monthly average flow, with a total of 12 indicators.

其中，A_m是第m个月的月平均流量，J_m是第m个月的总天数，Q_i是第m个月中第i天的径流量。where Am is the monthly average flow in the_mth month,_Jm is the total number of days in the mth month, and Qi is the runoff on the_ith day in the mth month.

第二类是年极值流量，共12个指标。The second category is the annual extreme flow, with a total of 12 indicators.

以最大1日流量(A₁₃)和最小1日流量(A₁₈)为例，计算公式如下：Taking the maximum 1-day flow (A₁₃ ) and the minimum 1-day flow (A₁₈ ) as an example, the calculation formula is as follows:

其中，求和符号下标i表示一年中的第i天，而上标i+x-1则是公式(6)和公式(7)中求和计算的上边界，对于最大1日流量A₁₃和最小1日流量A₁₈来说x＝1；Q_i是第i天的径流量；同理将公式(6)中的x分别替换为3、7、30、90，分别得到最大3日流量A₁₄、最大7日流量A₁₅、最大30日流量A₁₆及最大90日流量A₁₇；同理将公式(7)中的x分别替换为3、7、30、90，得到最小3日流量A₁₉、最小7日流量A₂₀、最小30日流量A₂₁及最小90日流量A₂₂。Among them, the subscript i of the summation symbol represents the ith day of the year, and the superscript i+x-1 is the upper boundary of the summation calculation in formula (6) and formula (7). For the maximum 1-day flow A₁₃ and the minimum 1-day flow A₁₈ , x=1; Q_i is the runoff on the ith day; similarly, replace x in formula (6) with 3, 7, 30, and 90, respectively, to obtain the maximum 3-day flow. Flow rate A₁₄ , maximum 7-day flow A₁₅ , maximum 30-day flow A₁₆ , and maximum 90-day flow A₁₇ ; similarly, replace x in formula (7) with 3, 7, 30, and 90, respectively, to obtain the minimum 3-day flow Flow rate A₁₉ , minimum 7-day flow A₂₀ , minimum 30-day flow A₂₁ , and minimum 90-day flow A₂₂ .

特别地，在IHA体系中还需要定义一个平均流指数，用A₂₃来表示。In particular, in the IHA system, it is also necessary to define an average flow index, which is represented by A₂₃ .

其中，A₂₀为年最小7日流量，I_i为第i时段的来水量。Among them, A₂₀ is the annual minimum 7-day flow, and I_i is the inflow volume of the i-th period.

第三类是年极值流量出现的时间，共2个指标。The third category is the time when the annual extreme flow occurs, with a total of 2 indicators.

其中，A₂₄为年最大值出现的时间(以罗马日记)，A₂₅为年最小值出现的时间(以罗马日记)，C₁为极小量常数，用于保证式子的合理性。Among them, A₂₄ is the time when the annual maximum value appears (using the Roman diary), A₂₅ is the time when the annual minimum value appears (using the Roman diary), and C₁ is an extremely small constant, which is used to ensure the rationality of the formula.

第四类是高、低流量的频率与持续时间，共4个指标。The fourth category is the frequency and duration of high and low traffic, with a total of 4 indicators.

以超越概率为25％和75％的日流量为界限，A₂₆为高流量的频率，A₂₇为高流量的持续时间，A₂₈为低流量的频率，A₂₉为低流量的持续时间。Bounded by daily flows with probability of exceedance of 25% and 75%, A₂₆ is the frequency of high flow, A₂₇ is the duration of high flow, A₂₈ is the frequency of low flow, and A₂₉ is the duration of low flow.

第五类是水流条件的变化率与频率，共3个指标。The fifth category is the rate of change and frequency of water flow conditions, with a total of 3 indicators.

其中，DS_i是下泄流量的变幅，RiseNum和FallNum为连续上升及连续下降事件的次数，C₂为极小常量，以保证式子的合理性。A₃₀为连续日流量增加量，A₃₁为连续日流量减少量，A₃₂为年涨落水总次数。Among them, DS_i is the variation of the leakage flow, RiseNum and FallNum are the times of continuous rising and falling events, and C₂ is a very small constant to ensure the rationality of the formula._A30 is the continuous daily flow increase,_A31 is the continuous daily flow reduction, and_A32 is the total number of annual ups and downs.

然后，设置水库运行的主要约束条件，分别是水量平衡约束、水库蓄水位约束、水库下泄流量约束、水库下泄流量变幅约束、水电站出力约束、电站出力变幅约束和航运流量约束，根据水库调度规程可以确定航运最低流量为航运流量约束，其余约束条件如下：Then, set the main constraints for the operation of the reservoir, namely, the water balance constraint, the reservoir water level constraint, the reservoir discharge flow constraint, the reservoir discharge flow variable amplitude constraint, the hydropower station output constraint, the power station output variable amplitude constraint, and the shipping flow constraint. The scheduling procedure can determine the minimum shipping flow as the shipping flow constraint, and the remaining constraints are as follows:

(1)水量平衡约束(1) Water balance constraints

V_t+1＝V_t+(I_t-Q_t)Δt 公式(19)V_t+1 =V_t +(I_t -Q_t )Δt Equation (19)

其中，V_t、V_t+1分别为第t时段水库的初始库容和末库容，I_t为第t时段的入库流量，Q_t为第t时段的下泄流量，当该时段出力小于机组段对应的最大出力时，该流量等于发电流量。Among them, V_t and V_t+1 are the initial storage capacity and final storage capacity of the reservoir in the t period, respectively, I_t is the inflow flow in the t period, and Q_t is the discharge flow in the t period. When the output in this period is less than the unit section At the corresponding maximum output, the flow is equal to the power generation flow.

(2)水库蓄水位约束(2) Reservoir water level constraints

其中，Z_t和

为第t时段水库允许的最低和最高水位。whereZ_t and

are the minimum and maximum water levels allowed by the reservoir in the t-th period.

(3)水库下泄流量约束(3) Reservoir discharge flow constraints

其中，q_t和

为第t时段水电站允许的最小和最大下泄流量，BF_t为第t时段的控制站点的生态流量。_where ,qt and

is the minimum and maximum discharge flow allowed by the hydropower station in the t-th period, and BF_t is the ecological flow of the control site in the t-th period.

(4)下泄流量变幅约束(4) Leakage flow variable amplitude constraint

|Q_t-Q_t-1|≤ΔQ_max 公式(22)|Q_t -Q_t-1 |≤ΔQ_max Formula (22)

其中，ΔQ_max为水电站日流量最大变幅。Among them, ΔQ_max is the maximum variation of the daily flow of the hydropower station.

(5)水电站出力约束(5) Output constraints of hydropower stations

其中，N_t和

为第t时段水电站对应的最大和最小出力限制、N_t为第t时段的实际出力。where_{, Nt}and

is the maximum and minimum output limits corresponding to the hydropower station in the t-th period, and N_t is the actual output in the t-th period.

(6)电站出力变幅约束(6) Power station output variable amplitude constraints

|N_t-N_t-1|≤50％×N_Total 公式(24)|N_t -N_t-1 |≤50％×N_Total formula (24)

其中，N_Total为水电站装机容量。Among them, N_Total is the installed capacity of the hydropower station.

步骤4：调度情景设计Step 4: Scheduling Scenario Design

本发明为分析水库生态调度的合作价值，故将水库的发电效益和生态学效益当作两个主体，以便于运用博弈论分析。那么这时候，博弈论分析中的非合作情景则变化为了水库调度的单目标优化情景，而合作情景则类比为水库调度中的多目标优化调度情景。故在分析过程中共计了3种情景。情景一和情景二都是单目标优化问题，代表博弈论分析中的非合作状态，可以确定两种目标函数的上下边界。情景三则应当是合作状态，是一个多目标优化问题。为求解多目标优化问题，故将HP和EI通过权重λ结合在一起，将复杂多目标问题变为一个单目标优化问题。这样就可以通过合作状态和非合作状态的对比和进一步的博弈均衡分析得到水库调度的生态合作价值。In the present invention, in order to analyze the cooperative value of the ecological dispatch of the reservoir, the power generation benefit and the ecological benefit of the reservoir are regarded as two main bodies, so as to facilitate the analysis by using the game theory. At this time, the non-cooperative scenario in the game theory analysis is changed to the single-objective optimization scenario of reservoir dispatching, while the cooperative scenario is analogous to the multi-objective optimal dispatching scenario in reservoir dispatching. Therefore, a total of 3 scenarios were included in the analysis process. Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 are both single-objective optimization problems, representing the non-cooperative state in game theory analysis, and the upper and lower boundaries of the two objective functions can be determined. Scenario three should be a cooperative state, which is a multi-objective optimization problem. In order to solve the multi-objective optimization problem, HP and EI are combined through the weight λ to transform the complex multi-objective problem into a single-objective optimization problem. In this way, the ecological cooperation value of reservoir dispatching can be obtained through the comparison of cooperative state and non-cooperative state and further game equilibrium analysis.

其中为了协调两个目标之间的单位换算关系，使用标准化方法对HP去量纲。Among them, in order to coordinate the unit conversion relationship between the two objectives, the HP is de-dimensioned using a standardized method.

CI＝λHP_n+(1-λ)EI 公式(25)CI=λHP_n +(1-λ)EI Equation (25)

其中，CI为单目标优化的组合指标，HP_n为去量纲化的总发电量指标。Among them, CI is the combined index of single-objective optimization, and HP_n is the dedimensionalized total power generation index.

表1为三种情景下合作状态表Table 1 is the cooperation status table under the three scenarios

步骤5：合作价值评估Step 5: Collaboration Value Assessment

在优化过程中生态学指标的提升将导致水电站发电决策空间的减少，最终影响总发电量。类比于，在权衡策略中，一个目标的改进可以通过另一个目标的恶化来补偿。基于这种思想，在详细分析情景三下的调度结果，提出了一种使用水电收入来具体衡量水库生态调度带来的下游生态影响的方法。帕累托最优概念可以保证相对于仅考虑发电效益的最优解S^H，相对于其他不同条件下的最优解S^λ的生态学价值是通过水电收益的减少来补偿的。那也就意味着这个减少量可以用于表征合作方案的生态学价值。具体地，权重λ条件下的最优解S^λ的合作生态价值v^λ可以被定义为：The improvement of ecological indicators in the optimization process will lead to a reduction in the decision-making space for hydropower generation, and ultimately affect the total power generation. Analogously, in a trade-off strategy, the improvement of one objective can be compensated by the deterioration of the other objective. Based on this idea, after analyzing the dispatching results in Scenario 3 in detail, a method is proposed to use hydropower revenue to specifically measure the downstream ecological impact of reservoir ecological dispatching. The concept of Pareto optimality can ensure that relative to the optimal solution^SH which only considers the power generation benefit, the ecological value relative to the optimal solution S^λ under different conditions is compensated by the reduction of hydropower benefits. That means that this reduction can be used to characterize the ecological value of the cooperation scheme. Specifically, the cooperative ecological value v^λ of the optimal solution S^λ under the condition of weight λ can be defined as:

其中，HP(S^H)和EI(S^H)表示仅考虑发电效益条件下的发电量以及生态学指数，HP(S^λ)和EI(S^λ)表示在发电效益权重为λ条件下的最优发电量及生态学指数，EP为模型设置固定电价。Among them, HP(S^H ) and EI(S^H ) represent the power generation and ecological index under the condition that only the power generation benefit is considered, and HP(S^λ ) and EI(S^λ ) represent the maximum power generation under the condition that the power generation benefit weight is λ Optimal power generation and ecological index, EP sets a fixed electricity price for the model.

本发明主要应用于水库生态调度领域，探究了量化复杂水库系统中的生态合作价值的方法。The invention is mainly applied to the field of reservoir ecological regulation, and explores a method for quantifying the ecological cooperation value in a complex reservoir system.

鉴于此，以三峡水库为例，进行了发电和下游河道生态目标在合作条件下的不同权重优化调度计算，本发明实现过程较为简单明了，关键结果如下：In view of this, taking the Three Gorges Reservoir as an example, the optimal scheduling calculation of different weights for power generation and downstream river ecological goals under cooperative conditions is carried out. The implementation process of the present invention is relatively simple and clear, and the key results are as follows:

范例中电价参考宜昌市工商业及其他用电电价，记0.6507元/千瓦时。In the example, the electricity price refers to the electricity price for industrial, commercial and other electricity consumption in Yichang City, which is 0.6507 yuan/kWh.

表2三峡调度生态合作价值统计表Table 2 Statistical table of ecological cooperation value of Three Gorges dispatching

从表1的合作价值评估结果来看，在枯水年、平水年以及丰水年的生态合作价值越来越高，证明了生态合作调度的有效性及意义。其中，枯水年和丰水年，由于各种约束条件的限制，导致了决策方案的范围减小。枯水年和平水年之间的合作价值并没有出现断崖式的变化。这样的结果能给决策者提供数据支持。From the evaluation results of cooperation value in Table 1, the value of ecological cooperation in dry years, normal years and wet years is getting higher and higher, which proves the effectiveness and significance of ecological cooperation scheduling. Among them, due to the limitation of various constraints, the range of decision-making schemes is reduced in dry and wet years. There is no cliff-like change in the value of cooperation between dry and dry years. Such results can provide data support for decision makers.

需要强调的是，本发明所述的实施例是说明性的，而不是限定性的，因此本发明并不限于具体实施方式中所述的实施例，凡是由本领域技术人员根据本发明的技术方案得出的其他实施方式，同样属于本发明保护的范围。It should be emphasized that the embodiments described in the present invention are illustrative rather than restrictive, so the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the specific implementation manner. The other embodiments obtained also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种水库调度及其下游河流生态环境保护的合作价值评估方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：1. a cooperative value assessment method for reservoir regulation and the ecological environment protection of downstream rivers thereof, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:步骤1：生态基流识别，基于Eckhardt双参数滤波法生态基流识别得到公式(2)如下：Step 1: Identification of ecological baseflow, based on the Eckhardt two-parameter filtering method, the formula (2) is obtained as follows:

其中，b_t为t时刻的生态基流，y_t为t时刻的总径流量，a为基流退散系数，为经验值常数，BFI_max为控制站多年最大基流指数，t为时间；Among them, b_t is the ecological base flow at time t, y_t is the total runoff at time t, a is the base flow regression coefficient, which is an empirical constant, BFI_max is the maximum base flow index of the control station for many years, and t is time;步骤2：单库多目标优化模型建模，多目标优化模型的建立包括目标函数的建立和约束条件的抽象；Step 2: Single-database multi-objective optimization model modeling, the establishment of the multi-objective optimization model includes the establishment of the objective function and the abstraction of the constraints;步骤2.1、目标函数包括水电站的发电效益目标函数和水电站的生态环境效益目标函数分别如下：Step 2.1. The objective function includes the power generation benefit objective function of the hydropower station and the ecological environment benefit objective function of the hydropower station as follows:发电效益目标函数：Power generation benefit objective function:

其中，HP为总发电量，η为效率系数，RG_i为第i天用于水力发电的流量，g为重力加速度，

为第i天的平均库水位，h_down,i为第i天的水电站下游尾水水位；Among them, HP is the total power generation, η is the efficiency coefficient, RG_i is the flow used for hydropower generation on the ith day, g is the acceleration of gravity,

is the average reservoir water level on the ith day, h_down,i is the tail water level downstream of the hydropower station on the ith day;生态环境效益目标函数：Eco-environmental benefit objective function:

其中，EI是综合生态学指标，P是生态学指标总数量，w_p是第p个生态学指标的权重，A_r,p是经过水库操作后的第p个生态学指标的指标值，A_n,p是天然状态下第p个生态学指标的指标值；Among them, EI is the comprehensive ecological index, P is the total number of ecological indicators, w_p is the weight of the p-th ecological index, A_r,p is the index value of the p-th ecological index after the reservoir operation, A_n,p is the index value of the p-th ecological index in the natural state;步骤2.2、设置水库运行的约束条件，分别是水量平衡约束、水库蓄水位约束、水库下泄流量约束、水库下泄流量变幅约束、水电站出力约束、电站出力变幅约束和航运流量约束；Step 2.2. Set the constraints for the operation of the reservoir, which are the water balance constraint, the reservoir water level constraint, the reservoir discharge flow constraint, the reservoir discharge flow variable amplitude constraint, the hydropower station output constraint, the power station output variable amplitude constraint, and the shipping flow constraint;步骤4：调度情景设计Step 4: Scheduling Scenario Design为分析水库生态调度的合作价值，故将水库的发电效益和生态环境效益当作两个主体运用博弈论分析；那么这时候，博弈论分析中的非合作情景则变化为了水库调度的单目标优化情景，而合作情景则类比为水库调度中的多目标优化调度情景；故在分析过程中共计了3种情景，情景一和情景二都是单目标优化问题，代表博弈论分析中的非合作状态，可以确定两种目标函数的上下边界；情景三则应当是合作状态，是一个多目标优化问题；为求解多目标优化问题，故将HP和EI通过权重λ结合在一起，将复杂多目标问题变为一个单目标优化问题，这样就可以通过合作状态和非合作状态的对比和进一步的博弈均衡分析得到水库调度的生态合作价值；In order to analyze the cooperative value of the reservoir ecological dispatch, the power generation benefit and the ecological environment benefit of the reservoir are regarded as two subjects to be analyzed by game theory; then, the non-cooperative scenario in the game theory analysis is changed to the single-objective optimization of the reservoir dispatch. The cooperation scenario is analogous to the multi-objective optimal dispatching scenario in reservoir dispatching; therefore, there are three scenarios in the analysis process. Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 are both single-objective optimization problems, representing the non-cooperative state in game theory analysis. , the upper and lower boundaries of the two objective functions can be determined; the third scenario should be a cooperative state, which is a multi-objective optimization problem; in order to solve the multi-objective optimization problem, HP and EI are combined through the weight λ to combine the complex multi-objective problem It becomes a single-objective optimization problem, so that the ecological cooperation value of reservoir operation can be obtained through the comparison of cooperative state and non-cooperative state and further game equilibrium analysis;步骤5：合作价值评估Step 5: Collaboration Value Assessment在优化过程中，生态学指标的提升将导致水电站发电决策空间的减少，最终影响总发电量，类比于，在权衡策略中，一个目标的改进可以通过另一个目标的恶化来补偿；基于这种思想，在详细分析情景三下的调度结果，提出了一种使用水电收入来具体衡量水库生态调度带来的下游生态影响的方法；帕累托最优概念可以保证相对于仅考虑发电效益的最优解S^H，相对于其他不同条件下的最优解S^λ的生态学价值是通过水电收益的减少来补偿的；那也就意味着水电收益的减少量可以用于表征合作方案的生态学价值；具体地，权重λ条件下的最优解S^λ的合作生态价值v^λ可以被定义为：In the optimization process, the improvement of ecological indicators will lead to the reduction of the power generation decision-making space of the hydropower station, which will ultimately affect the total power generation. Analogously, in the trade-off strategy, the improvement of one objective can be compensated by the deterioration of the other objective; based on this Thought, after analyzing the dispatching results in Scenario 3 in detail, a method of using hydropower revenue to measure the downstream ecological impact brought by the ecological dispatch of the reservoir is proposed; the concept of Pareto optimality can guarantee the most efficient way of considering only the power generation benefit. The ecological value of the optimal solution^SH , relative to the optimal solution S^λ under different conditions, is compensated by the reduction of hydropower income; that means that the reduction of hydropower income can be used to characterize the ecological value of the cooperation scheme Specifically, the cooperative ecological value v^λ of the optimal solution S^λ under the condition of weight λ can be defined as:

其中，HP(S^H)表示仅考虑发电效益条件下的总发电量，EI(S^H)表示仅考虑发电效益条件下的综合生态学指标，HP(S^λ)表示在发电效益权重为λ条件下的最优总发电量，EI(S^λ)表示在发电效益权重为λ条件下的最优综合生态学指标，EP为模型设置固定电价。Among them, HP(S^H ) represents the total power generation under the condition that only the power generation benefit is considered, EI(S^H ) represents the comprehensive ecological index under the condition that only the power generation benefit is considered, and HP(S^λ ) represents the condition that the power generation benefit weight is λ Under the optimal total power generation, EI(S^λ ) represents the optimal comprehensive ecological index under the condition that the power generation benefit weight is λ, and EP sets the fixed electricity price for the model.2.如权利要求1所述一种水库调度及其下游河流生态环境保护的合作价值评估方法，其特征在于：步骤1中，生态基流识别的具体步骤如下：2. The cooperative value assessment method of a kind of reservoir dispatching and its downstream river ecological environment protection as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 1, the concrete steps of ecological base flow identification are as follows:步骤1.1、将水文控制站的年流量过程按照给定的时间间隔N分割为m段，确定每段的最小流量序列(q₁,q₂,...,q_m)；然后从中确定拐点；再将所有拐点连接得到基流过程，拐点之间的基流由线性插值得到；Step 1.1. Divide the annual flow process of the hydrological control station into m sections according to a given time interval N, and determine the minimum flow sequence (q₁ , q₂ , ..., q_m ) of each section; then determine the inflection point; Then connect all the inflection points to obtain the base flow process, and the base flow between the inflection points is obtained by linear interpolation;步骤1.2、得到基流过程后通过如下公式(1)计算基流指数值Step 1.2, after obtaining the base flow process, calculate the base flow index value by the following formula (1)

其中，Q_Basic是基流过程总流量，Q_Total是总径流量，BFI为基流指数；Among them, Q_Basic is the total flow of the base flow process, Q_Total is the total runoff, and BFI is the base flow index;步骤1.3，根据基流指数按照公式(2)计算不同时刻的生态基流。Step 1.3, according to the base flow index, calculate the ecological base flow at different times according to formula (2).3.如权利要求2所述一种水库调度及其下游河流生态环境保护的合作价值评估方法，其特征在于：步骤1中，确定每段的最小流量序列中拐点的方法具体为：从最小流量序列中的第二个序列开始，将该序列与系数k相乘，并判断如果满足k×q_t小于q_t-1和q_t+1，则q_t为拐点，k为人为定义的控制基流精度参数，为常数，取值范围为0.9--0.979。3. the cooperative value assessment method of a kind of reservoir regulation and its downstream river ecological environment protection as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: in step 1, the method for determining the inflection point in the minimum flow sequence of each section is specifically: from the minimum flow Start with the second sequence in the sequence, multiply the sequence by the coefficient k, and judge that if k×q_t is less than q_t-1 and q_t+1 , then q_t is the inflection point, and k is the artificially defined control base The stream precision parameter, which is a constant, ranges from 0.9 to 0.979.4.如权利要求1所述一种水库调度及其下游河流生态环境保护的合作价值评估方法，其特征在于：步骤2.1中，生态学指标采用基于水文改变指标法对水库操作的生态学影响做评价，该指标体系包括反映流量的大小、频率、持续时间、周期和变化率这5方面特征。4. the cooperative value assessment method of a kind of reservoir regulation and its downstream river ecological environment protection as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 2.1, the ecological index adopts the ecological influence based on hydrological change index method to do the ecological impact of reservoir operation. Evaluation, the index system includes five characteristics that reflect the size, frequency, duration, period and rate of change of the flow.5.如权利要求4所述一种水库调度及其下游河流生态环境保护的合作价值评估方法，其特征在于：步骤2.1中，所述生态学指标包括分成5大类的32个流量指标，具体如下：5. A kind of cooperative value evaluation method for reservoir regulation and ecological environment protection of downstream rivers as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: in step 2.1, described ecological index comprises 32 flow indexes divided into 5 categories, specifically as follows:第一类是月平均流量，共12个指标；The first category is the monthly average flow, with a total of 12 indicators;

其中，A_m是第m个月的月平均流量，J_m是第m个月的总天数，Q_i是第m个月中第i天的径流量；Among them, Am is the monthly average flow of the_mth month,_Jm is the total number of days in the mth month, and Qi is the runoff on the_ith day in the mth month;第二类是年极值流量，共12个指标；The second category is the annual extreme flow, with a total of 12 indicators;以最大1日流量A₁₃和最小1日流量A₁₈为例，计算公式如下：Taking the maximum 1-day flow A₁₃ and the minimum 1-day flow A₁₈ as examples, the calculation formula is as follows:

其中，求和符号下标i表示一年中的第i天，而上标i+x-1则是公式(6)和公式(7)中求和计算的上边界，对于最大1日流量A₁₃和最小1日流量A₁₈来说x＝1；Q_i是第i天的径流量；同理将公式(6)中的x分别替换为3、7、30、90，得到最大3日流量A₁₄、最大7日流量A₁₅、最大30日流量A₁₆及最大90日流量A₁₇；同理将公式(7)中的x分别替换为3、7、30、90，得到最小3日流量A₁₉、最小7日流量A₂₀、最小30日流量A₂₁及最小90日流量A₂₂；Among them, the subscript i of the summation symbol represents the ith day of the year, and the superscript i+x-1 is the upper boundary of the summation calculation in formula (6) and formula (7). For the maximum 1-day flow A₁₃ and the minimum 1-day flow A₁₈ , x=1; Q_i is the runoff on the ith day; similarly, replace x in formula (6) with 3, 7, 30, and 90, respectively, to obtain the maximum 3-day flow A₁₄ , maximum 7-day flow A₁₅ , maximum 30-day flow A₁₆ , and maximum 90-day flow A₁₇ ; similarly, replace x in formula (7) with 3, 7, 30, and 90, respectively, to obtain the minimum 3-day flow_A19 , minimum 7-day flow_A20 , minimum 30-day flow_A21 , and minimum 90-day flow_A22 ;在IHA体系中还需要定义一个平均流指数，用A₂₃来表示；In the IHA system, it is also necessary to define an average flow index, which is represented by A₂₃ ;

其中，A₂₀为年最小7日流量，I_i为第i时段的来水量；Among them, A₂₀ is the annual minimum 7-day flow, and I_i is the inflow volume of the i-th period;第三类是年极值流量出现的时间，共2个指标；The third category is the time when the annual extreme flow occurs, with a total of 2 indicators;

其中，A₂₄为以罗马日记的年最大值出现的时间，A₂₅为以罗马日记的年最小值出现的时间，C₁为用于保证式子的合理性的极小量常数；Wherein, A₂₄ is the time when the annual maximum value of the Roman diary appears, A₂₅ is the time when the annual minimum value of the Roman diary appears, and C₁ is a minimal constant used to ensure the rationality of the formula;第四类是高、低流量的频率与持续时间，共4个指标；The fourth category is the frequency and duration of high and low traffic, with a total of 4 indicators;以超越概率为25％和75％的日流量为界限，A₂₆为高流量的频率，A₂₇为高流量的持续时间，A₂₈为低流量的频率，A₂₉为低流量的持续时间；Taking the daily flow with the probability of exceeding 25% and 75% as the boundary, A₂₆ is the frequency of high flow, A₂₇ is the duration of high flow, A₂₈ is the frequency of low flow, and A₂₉ is the duration of low flow;第五类是水流条件的变化率与频率，共3个指标；The fifth category is the rate of change and frequency of water flow conditions, with a total of 3 indicators;

其中，DS_i是下泄流量的变幅，RiseNum为连续上升事件的次数，FallNum为连续下降事件的次数，C₂为以保证式子的合理性的极小常量；A₃₀为连续日流量增加量，A₃₁为连续日流量减少量，A₃₂为年涨落水总次数。Among them, DS_i is the variation of the leakage flow, RiseNum is the number of continuous rising events, FallNum is the number of continuous falling events, C₂ is a minimal constant to ensure the rationality of the formula; A₃₀ is the continuous daily flow increase , A₃₁ is the continuous daily flow reduction, and A₃₂ is the total number of annual fluctuations.6.如权利要求5所述一种水库调度及其下游河流生态环境保护的合作价值评估方法，其特征在于：步骤2.2中，根据水库调度规程确定航运最低流量为航运流量约束，其余约束条件如下：6. the cooperative value assessment method of a kind of reservoir dispatching and its downstream river ecological environment protection as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: in step 2.2, determine shipping minimum flow according to reservoir dispatching regulation to be shipping flow constraint, and other constraints are as follows :2.2.1水量平衡约束2.2.1 Water balance constraintsV_t+1＝V_t+(I_t-Q_t)Δt 公式(19)V_t+1 =V_t +(I_t -Q_t )Δt Equation (19)其中，V_t、V_t+1分别为第t时段水库的初始库容和末库容，I_t为第t时段的入库流量，Q_t为第t时段的下泄流量，当该时段出力小于机组段对应的最大出力时，该流量等于发电流量；Among them, V_t and V_t+1 are the initial storage capacity and final storage capacity of the reservoir in the t period, respectively, I_t is the inflow flow in the t period, and Q_t is the discharge flow in the t period. When the output in this period is less than the unit section When the corresponding maximum output, the flow is equal to the power generation flow;2.2.2水库蓄水位约束2.2.2 Reservoir storage level constraints

其中，Z_t和

分别为第t时段水库允许的最低和最高水位；whereZ_t and

are the minimum and maximum water levels allowed by the reservoir in the t-th period, respectively;2.2.3水库下泄流量约束2.2.3 Reservoir discharge flow constraints

其中，q_t和

为第t时段水电站允许的最小和最大下泄流量，BF_t为第t时段的控制站点的生态流量；where,q_t and

is the minimum and maximum discharge flow allowed by the hydropower station in the t-th period, and BF_t is the ecological flow of the control site in the t-th period;2.2.4下泄流量变幅约束2.2.4 Leakage flow variable amplitude constraint|Q_t-Q_t-1|≤ΔQ_max 公式(22)|Q_t -Q_t-1 |≤ΔQ_max Formula (22)其中，ΔQ_max为水电站日流量最大变幅；Among them, ΔQ_max is the maximum variation of the daily flow of the hydropower station;2.2.5水电站出力约束2.2.5 Output constraints of hydropower stations

其中，N_t和

为第t时段水电站对应的最大和最小出力限制，N_t为第t时段的实际出力；where_Nt and

is the maximum and minimum output limits corresponding to the hydropower station in the t-th period, and N_t is the actual output in the t-th period;2.2.6电站出力变幅约束2.2.6 Power station output variable amplitude constraints|N_t-N_t-1|≤50％×N_Total 公式(24)|N_t -N_t-1 |≤50％×N_Total formula (24)其中，N_Total为水电站装机容量。Among them, N_Total is the installed capacity of hydropower stations.7.如权利要求5所述一种水库调度及其下游河流生态环境保护的合作价值评估方法，其特征在于：步骤4中，为求解多目标优化问题，将HP和EI通过权重λ结合在一起变为一个单目标优化的公式如下：7. the cooperative value assessment method of a kind of reservoir dispatching and its downstream river ecological environment protection as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: in step 4, for solving multi-objective optimization problem, HP and EI are combined together by weight λ The formula to become a single-objective optimization is as follows:CI＝λHP_n+(1-λ)EI 公式(25)CI=λHP_n +(1-λ)EI Equation (25)

其中，CI为单目标优化的组合指标，HP_n为去量纲化的总发电量指标。Among them, CI is the combined index of single-objective optimization, and HP_n is the dedimensionalized total power generation index.

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