CN111864136B - A composite battery pack device for low temperature start and temperature adjustment and using method - Google Patents
A composite battery pack device for low temperature start and temperature adjustment and using methodDownload PDFInfo
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
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- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0069—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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Abstract
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及蓄电池的启动装置，具体是一种低温启动与温度调节的复合蓄电池组装置及其使用方法。The invention relates to a starting device for a storage battery, in particular to a composite storage battery pack device for low-temperature starting and temperature adjustment and a method for using the same.
背景技术Background technique
《储能技术专业学科发展行动计划（2020—2024年）》文件指出“储能技术在促进能源生产消费、开放共享、灵活交易、协同发展，推动能源革命和能源新业态发展方面发挥着至关重要的作用。储能产业和储能技术作为新能源发展的核心支撑，覆盖电源侧、电网侧、用户侧、居民侧以及社会化功能性储能设施等多方面需求”。The document "Action Plan for the Development of Energy Storage Technology Professional Discipline (2020-2024)" pointed out that "energy storage technology plays a vital role in promoting energy production and consumption, openness and sharing, flexible transactions, coordinated development, and promoting the energy revolution and the development of new energy formats. It plays an important role. The energy storage industry and energy storage technology, as the core support for the development of new energy, cover the needs of the power supply side, the grid side, the user side, the residential side, and social functional energy storage facilities.”
蓄电池是重要的储能元件，近年来随着蓄电池技术的飞速发展以及在电子设备、工业应用电动汽车等领域得到了广泛的应用，对蓄电池的性能要求越来越高，但是在蓄电池处于低温环境时，电池出现放电容量衰减、放电电压下降等现象；当蓄电池处于高温情况时，由于环境温度的上升和蓄电池的散热导致蓄电池耗电过快等问题。当外界温度和蓄电池电解液温度降低时，蓄电池的内电阻和电解液的粘度都增加，蓄电池电化学反应速度放慢，电解液也很难深入极板内层，造成蓄电池放电时极板内层的活性物质不能充分利用，使蓄电池实际的输出容量减小，导致在低温环境时，蓄电池启动容量不足；当外界温度和蓄电池电解液温度升高时，由于蓄电池散热以及车辆本身温度的增加而导致的温度高情况，需妥善处理低温下保温和高温下散热的矛盾。The battery is an important energy storage element. In recent years, with the rapid development of battery technology and its wide application in electronic equipment, industrial electric vehicles and other fields, the performance requirements of the battery are getting higher and higher, but the battery is in a low temperature environment. When the battery is at high temperature, the discharge capacity decays and the discharge voltage drops. When the battery is at a high temperature, the battery consumes too much power due to the rise of the ambient temperature and the heat dissipation of the battery. When the external temperature and the temperature of the battery electrolyte decrease, the internal resistance of the battery and the viscosity of the electrolyte increase, the electrochemical reaction speed of the battery slows down, and the electrolyte is also difficult to penetrate into the inner layer of the electrode plate, resulting in the inner layer of the electrode plate when the battery is discharged. The active material of the battery cannot be fully utilized, which reduces the actual output capacity of the battery, resulting in insufficient starting capacity of the battery in a low temperature environment; when the external temperature and the temperature of the battery electrolyte rise, due to the heat dissipation of the battery and the increase in the temperature of the vehicle itself. In the case of high temperature, it is necessary to properly handle the contradiction between heat preservation at low temperature and heat dissipation at high temperature.
其次，有源的温度开关在低温下也存在不能正常工作的情况，所以我们使用无源的记忆合金，根据温度的变化而自然改变其形状，实现开关的切换；Secondly, the active temperature switch may not work normally at low temperature, so we use passive memory alloy to change its shape naturally according to the change of temperature to realize the switching of the switch;
为了妥善处理其低温下保温和高温下散热的矛盾，我们提出一种低温启动与温度调节的复合蓄电池组装置及其使用方法。In order to properly handle the contradiction between heat preservation at low temperature and heat dissipation at high temperature, we propose a composite battery pack device with low temperature start-up and temperature adjustment and a method of using the same.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种低温启动与温度调节的复合蓄电池组装置及其使用方法。The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature start-up and temperature-adjusted composite battery pack device and a method of using the same.
本发明在寒区低温环境下利用超级电容的低温启动特性给电加热层的加热电阻丝通电，通电后的电阻丝散发的热量，使位于电加热层内部的蓄电池组温度升高，实现蓄电池组的低温启动，由于蓄电池工作时候自然发热，同时利用相变储能模块的储热性能以及棉布层的保温特性进行储热保温，在蓄电池短时间停止工作时对蓄电池保温，不启动超级电容节省其电能，在蓄电池长时间停止工作时启动超级电容，重复上述过程，实现蓄电池低温启动；在非寒区的工作情况下，利用相变储能模块的吸热性能以及加水的棉布层蒸发吸热和百叶窗散热。The invention utilizes the low-temperature start-up characteristics of the supercapacitor to energize the heating resistance wire of the electric heating layer in the low temperature environment of the cold region, and the heat dissipated by the resistance wire after energization increases the temperature of the battery pack located inside the electric heating layer, thereby realizing the realization of the battery pack. Since the battery naturally heats up when it is working, the heat storage performance of the phase change energy storage module and the thermal insulation properties of the cotton cloth layer are used for heat storage and heat preservation. When the battery stops working for a short time, the battery is kept warm, and the super capacitor is not activated to save its cost. Electric energy, start the super capacitor when the battery stops working for a long time, repeat the above process, realize the low temperature start of the battery; in the non-cold area, use the heat absorption performance of the phase change energy storage module and the cotton cloth layer with water to absorb heat and absorb heat. Shutters dissipate heat.
为实现上述目的，本发明采取如下方案：For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following scheme:
一种低温启动与温度调节的复合蓄电池组装置，包括蓄电池模块、控制模块、超级电容模块、电加热层、相变储能层、棉布层、水箱、壳体；A composite battery pack device for low temperature start-up and temperature adjustment, comprising a battery module, a control module, a super capacitor module, an electric heating layer, a phase-change energy storage layer, a cotton cloth layer, a water tank, and a casing;
所述一种低温启动与温度调节的复合蓄电池组装置，蓄电池模块、控制模块和超级电容模块位于装置的最内层，从最内层往外依次安装有电加热层、相变储能层，相变储能层外部敷设有棉布层，棉布层的外层由壳体包覆，壳体外侧包覆有百叶窗；In the composite battery pack device for low-temperature start-up and temperature adjustment, the battery module, the control module and the super capacitor module are located in the innermost layer of the device, and an electric heating layer, a phase-change energy storage layer are sequentially installed from the innermost layer to the outside, and the phase-change energy storage layer is A cotton cloth layer is laid on the outside of the variable energy storage layer, the outer layer of the cotton cloth layer is covered by a casing, and the outer side of the casing is covered with a shutter;
所述百叶窗除水箱所在处不包覆外，其余各处皆有百叶窗包覆；The shutters are covered with shutters everywhere except where the water tank is not covered;
所述电加热层、相变储能层、棉布层包覆最内层的蓄电池模块、控制模块、超级电容模块，超级电容模块的一侧紧靠水箱，上述各层与水箱一起由壳体包覆；The electric heating layer, the phase-change energy storage layer, and the cotton cloth layer cover the innermost battery module, control module, and supercapacitor module. One side of the supercapacitor module is close to the water tank. cover;
所述控制模块内部安装有第一DC/DC变换器、第二DC/DC变换器、第三DC/DC变换器、第四DC/DC变换器、控制器、总开关、第一温度开关、第二温度开关；The control module is equipped with a first DC/DC converter, a second DC/DC converter, a third DC/DC converter, a fourth DC/DC converter, a controller, a main switch, a first temperature switch, the second temperature switch;
所述总开关为双刀单掷开关（即按下总开关两条线路同时接通），第一温度开关为由记忆合金构成的单刀双掷开关，第二温度开关为由记忆合金构成的单刀单掷开关；The main switch is a double-pole single-throw switch (that is, pressing the two lines of the main switch to turn on at the same time), the first temperature switch is a single-pole double-throw switch composed of memory alloy, and the second temperature switch is a single-pole switch composed of memory alloy. single throw switch;
所述第一DC/DC变换器的一端通过引线连接到蓄电池，另一端通过引线连接到直流母线；第二DC/DC变换器的一端通过引线连接到超级电容，另一端由第一温度开关分为两个支路，第一温度开关的B触点通过引线连接到直流母线，第一温度开关的C触点通过引线连接到总开关的一端，总开关的另一端通过引线连接到电加热层的一端，电加热层的另一端通过引线连接到地；第三DC/DC变换器的一端通过引线连接到总开关的一端，总开关的另一端通过导线与第二温度开关的B触点连接，第二温度开关的A触点通过引线连接超级电容模块，第三DC/DC变换器的另一端通过引线连接控制器；第四DC/DC变换器的一端通过引线连接直流母线，另一端通过引线连接到控制器；One end of the first DC/DC converter is connected to the battery through the lead wire, and the other end is connected to the DC bus through the lead wire; one end of the second DC/DC converter is connected to the super capacitor through the lead wire, and the other end is divided by the first temperature switch. There are two branches, the B contact of the first temperature switch is connected to the DC bus through the lead wire, the C contact of the first temperature switch is connected to one end of the main switch through the lead wire, and the other end of the main switch is connected to the electric heating layer through the lead wire One end of the electric heating layer is connected to the ground through a lead wire; one end of the third DC/DC converter is connected to one end of the main switch through a lead wire, and the other end of the main switch is connected to the B contact of the second temperature switch through a wire , the A contact of the second temperature switch is connected to the supercapacitor module through the lead wire, the other end of the third DC/DC converter is connected to the controller through the lead wire; one end of the fourth DC/DC converter is connected to the DC bus through the lead wire, and the other end The leads are connected to the controller;
所述低温启动与温度调节的复合蓄电池组装置的第一DC/DC变换器、第二DC/DC变换器、第三DC/DC变换器、第四DC/DC变换器皆通过引线连接到控制器，第一DC/DC变换器通过控制器来控制蓄电池的充电与放电；第二DC/DC变换器通过控制器来控制超级电容的充电；第三DC/DC变换器通过控制器控制超级电容的放电；第四DC/DC变换器用于给控制器供电；The first DC/DC converter, the second DC/DC converter, the third DC/DC converter, and the fourth DC/DC converter of the low-temperature start-up and temperature-adjusted composite battery pack device are all connected to the controller through lead wires. The first DC/DC converter controls the charging and discharging of the battery through the controller; the second DC/DC converter controls the charging of the super capacitor through the controller; the third DC/DC converter controls the super capacitor through the controller discharge; the fourth DC/DC converter is used to supply power to the controller;
所述第一DC/DC变换器、第二DC/DC变换器为双向DC/DC变换器，第三DC/DC变换器、第四DC/DC变换器为单向DC/DC变换器；The first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter are bidirectional DC/DC converters, and the third DC/DC converter and the fourth DC/DC converter are unidirectional DC/DC converters;
所述一种低温启动与温度调节的复合蓄电池组装置，控制模块内部安装的由记忆合金构成的第一温度开关、第二温度开关具有记忆功能，由记忆合金构成的第一温度开关在低温情况下处于收缩状态，收缩状态下，第一温度开关置于电加热层所在支路；在温度升高时，由记忆合金构成的单刀双掷开关因为“记忆”功能而自然展开，恢复原状，置于连接直流母线的支路上；由记忆合金构成的第二温度开关开关在低温下处于收缩状态，收缩状态下第二温度开关闭合，温度升高时，此单刀单掷开关恢复原状，开关断开；In the composite battery pack device for low temperature start-up and temperature adjustment, the first temperature switch and the second temperature switch composed of memory alloy installed inside the control module have memory function, and the first temperature switch composed of memory alloy has a memory function under low temperature conditions. In the contracted state, the first temperature switch is placed in the branch where the electric heating layer is located; when the temperature rises, the single-pole double-throw switch composed of memory alloy will expand naturally due to the "memory" function, return to its original state, and set the On the branch connected to the DC bus; the second temperature switch made of memory alloy is in a shrinking state at low temperature, and the second temperature switch is closed in the shrinking state. When the temperature rises, the single-pole single-throw switch returns to its original state and the switch is disconnected ;
所述一种低温启动与温度调节的复合蓄电池组装置控制模块内部的由记忆合金构成的第一温度开关、第二温度开关处于同一温度下，故其同时处于收缩状态、同时恢复原状（低温状态下，第一温度开关的第一记忆合金接触第一温度开关的C触点，即通过总开关连接到电加热层；第二温度开关的第二记忆合金接触第二温度开关的B触点，即通过总开关与第三DC/DC变换器连接到控制器）；总开关在按下后，总开关所在的两条支路被接通，其中一条支路为超级电容模块、第二DC/DC模块、第一温度开关C触点、电加热层、地，另一条支路为超级电容第二温度开关B触点、第三DC/DC模块、控制器；The first temperature switch and the second temperature switch made of memory alloy inside the control module of the composite battery pack device for low temperature start-up and temperature adjustment are at the same temperature, so they are in a shrinking state and return to their original state at the same time (low temperature state). The first memory alloy of the first temperature switch contacts the C contact of the first temperature switch, that is, it is connected to the electric heating layer through the main switch; the second memory alloy of the second temperature switch contacts the B contact of the second temperature switch, That is, it is connected to the controller through the main switch and the third DC/DC converter); after the main switch is pressed, the two branches where the main switch is located are connected, one of which is the super capacitor module, the second DC/DC DC module, first temperature switch C contact, electric heating layer, ground, another branch is super capacitor second temperature switch B contact, third DC/DC module, controller;
所述一种低温启动与温度调节的复合蓄电池组装置的启动过程分以下三种情况说明；The start-up process of the low-temperature start-up and temperature-regulated composite battery pack device is described in the following three cases;
（1）在低温下的启动过程是：开启总开关（总开关所在的两条支路都接通），由于处于低温状态，由记忆合金构成的第二温度开关的第二记忆合金接通第二温度开关B触点，第一温度开关的第一记忆合金接通第一温度开关的C触点（即通过总开关与电加热层导通），超级电容给控制器供电后，控制第二DC/DC变换器实现超级电容的放电而给电加热层的供电，电加热层通电后散发出热量，使位于电加热层内部的蓄电池温度升高，蓄电池电解液粘度减小，导致电解液中离子扩散速度增大，蓄电池电化学反应速度加快，使蓄电池输出容量增大；随着蓄电池的正常运行，装置内部温度升高，导致第一、第二温度开关的第一、第二记忆合金由于“记忆”功能而自然展开，恢复原状（即第二温度开关的第二记忆合金与第二温度开关的B触点不接通；第一温度开关的第一记忆合金接通第一温度开关的B触点），在超级电容电量减少时，通过控制模块的控制器控制第二DC/DC变换器通过直流母线给超级电容充电；在蓄电池启动过程中由于电加热层发热、蓄电池工作散热所生成的热量由包覆在电加热层外部的相变储能层吸收，蓄电池工作、电加热层发热产生的热量被储存后，可以在低温启动的时候重新使用，也能够保证蓄电池的工作温度恒定在一个合适的范围内，同时也能够避免低温环境下带来的续航里程缩短；(1) The start-up process at low temperature is: turn on the main switch (the two branches where the main switch is located are connected), due to the low temperature state, the second memory alloy of the second temperature switch composed of memory alloy is turned on. Two temperature switch B contacts, the first memory alloy of the first temperature switch is connected to the C contact of the first temperature switch (that is, it is connected to the electric heating layer through the main switch), after the super capacitor supplies power to the controller, it controls the second temperature switch. The DC/DC converter realizes the discharge of the supercapacitor and supplies power to the electric heating layer. After the electric heating layer is energized, it emits heat, which increases the temperature of the battery inside the electric heating layer and reduces the viscosity of the battery electrolyte, resulting in The ion diffusion speed increases, the electrochemical reaction speed of the battery increases, and the output capacity of the battery increases; with the normal operation of the battery, the internal temperature of the device increases, resulting in the first and second memory alloys of the first and second temperature switches due to The "memory" function is naturally unfolded and restored to its original state (that is, the second memory alloy of the second temperature switch is not connected to the B contact of the second temperature switch; the first memory alloy of the first temperature switch is connected to the first temperature switch. B contact), when the power of the super capacitor decreases, the controller of the control module controls the second DC/DC converter to charge the super capacitor through the DC bus; in the process of starting the battery, it is generated due to the heating of the electric heating layer and the heat dissipation of the battery. The heat generated by the battery is absorbed by the phase-change energy storage layer wrapped on the outside of the electric heating layer. After the heat generated by the operation of the battery and the heating of the electric heating layer is stored, it can be reused when starting at a low temperature, and the working temperature of the battery can be kept constant at Within a suitable range, it can also avoid the shortened cruising range caused by low temperature environment;
具体在使用时候，蓄电池工作在寒区和非寒区状态在时间上不是立即切换的；于是，在寒区工作时候，位于装置外部的水箱中没有水，包覆在相变储能层外部的棉布层干燥，有利于保温；在非寒区工作时候，位于装置外部的水箱中有水，包覆在相变储能层外部的棉布层湿润，有利于散热；Specifically, when in use, the state of the battery working in the cold zone and the non-cold zone is not switched immediately in time; therefore, when working in the cold zone, there is no water in the water tank outside the device, and the battery outside the phase change energy storage layer is covered with water. The cotton layer is dry, which is conducive to heat preservation; when working in a non-cold area, there is water in the water tank outside the device, and the cotton layer wrapped on the outside of the phase change energy storage layer is moist, which is conducive to heat dissipation;
寒区低温环境中，超级电容放电加热蓄电池，蓄电池启动工作；由于蓄电池工作时候自然发热，由于相变材料的相变储热性能，以及棉布层的保温性能，在蓄电池段时间暂停工作时候，使得蓄电池保持在可以正常工作的温度范围，此时再次启动蓄电池，就不需在通过超级电容给电加热层加热，以节省超级电容的电能；当蓄电池长时间停止工作，再次启动时候由于储能层和棉布层的热量耗散，此时启动超级电容给加热层加热，重复上述低温环境下的启动过程；待蓄电池启动后，若超级电容不是满电量状态，控制器控制第二DC/DC变换器通过直流母线给超级电容充电；In the low temperature environment of the cold area, the supercapacitor discharges and heats the battery, and the battery starts to work; due to the natural heat of the battery during operation, due to the phase change heat storage performance of the phase change material and the thermal insulation performance of the cotton cloth layer, when the battery suspends work for a period of time, it makes the battery work. The battery is kept in the temperature range that can work normally. At this time, when the battery is restarted, it is not necessary to heat the electric heating layer through the super capacitor, so as to save the electric energy of the super capacitor; when the battery stops working for a long time, the energy storage layer and the heat of the cotton layer is dissipated. At this time, the super capacitor is started to heat the heating layer, and the above-mentioned start-up process in a low temperature environment is repeated; after the battery is started, if the super capacitor is not fully charged, the controller controls the second DC/DC converter. Charge the supercapacitor through the DC bus;
（2）常温下的启动过程是：在常温环境下，蓄电池容量即蓄电池所能提供的电能为正常状态，在此环境中，蓄电池的电解液粘度、电解液中离子扩散的速度都在正常情况下，故不需要经过超级电容给加热电阻丝加热来提升蓄电池的活性，直接通过蓄电池的开关来控制蓄电池的开启与关闭；(2) The start-up process at normal temperature is: in the normal temperature environment, the battery capacity, that is, the electrical energy that the battery can provide, is in a normal state. In this environment, the viscosity of the battery’s electrolyte and the speed of ion diffusion in the electrolyte are in normal conditions. Therefore, it is not necessary to heat the heating resistance wire through the super capacitor to improve the activity of the battery, and the opening and closing of the battery are directly controlled by the switch of the battery;
包覆在电加热层外部的相变材料吸收由于蓄电池工作产生的热量，使蓄电池受热均匀，并有利于散热；The phase change material coated on the outside of the electric heating layer absorbs the heat generated by the operation of the battery, so that the battery is heated evenly and is conducive to heat dissipation;
在常温环境下，位于装置外部的水箱中没有水，包覆在相变储能层外部的棉布层干燥，有利于保温；In the normal temperature environment, there is no water in the water tank outside the device, and the cotton cloth layer wrapped on the outside of the phase change energy storage layer is dry, which is conducive to heat preservation;
（3）在高温下的启动过程是：在高温环境下，蓄电池电池容量即蓄电池所能提供的电能为正常状态，在此环境中，蓄电池的电解液粘度、电解液中离子扩散的速度都在正常情况下，故不需要经过超级电容给电加热层通电来提升蓄电池的活性，直接通过蓄电池的开关来控制蓄电池的开启与关闭；包覆在电加热层外部的相变储能层吸收由于蓄电池工作产生的热量，防止蓄电池过热来保证安全，防止蓄电池过热来保证安全；(3) The start-up process at high temperature is: in a high temperature environment, the battery capacity of the battery, that is, the electrical energy that the battery can provide is in a normal state. In this environment, the viscosity of the battery electrolyte and the speed of ion diffusion in the electrolyte are all Under normal circumstances, it is not necessary to energize the electric heating layer through the super capacitor to improve the activity of the battery, and the opening and closing of the battery can be controlled directly through the switch of the battery; The heat generated by the work can prevent the battery from overheating to ensure safety, and prevent the battery from overheating to ensure safety;
同时在高温环境下，位于装置外部的水箱中充满水，位于水箱出水孔处的记忆合金由于温度的升高而自然展开，恢复原状，露出出水孔，水箱中的水通过出水孔流入棉布层，棉布层吸水后，由于相变储能层温度的升高，棉布层中的水蒸发，水蒸发吸热，起到给蓄电池散热的作用；At the same time, in a high temperature environment, the water tank located outside the device is filled with water, and the memory alloy located at the water outlet hole of the water tank expands naturally due to the increase of temperature, restores its original state, and exposes the water hole, and the water in the water tank flows into the cotton cloth layer through the water outlet hole, After the cotton cloth layer absorbs water, due to the increase of the temperature of the phase change energy storage layer, the water in the cotton cloth layer evaporates, and the water evaporates and absorbs heat, which plays the role of dissipating heat to the battery;
所述相变储能层相变温度在20~30℃之间，保证在低温环境下使蓄电池处于正常工作温度；在常温以及高温下能有效的降低由于蓄电池散热而导致的装置内部温度过高问题；The phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage layer is between 20 and 30°C, which ensures that the battery is at a normal working temperature in a low temperature environment; it can effectively reduce the high internal temperature of the device caused by the heat dissipation of the battery at normal temperature and high temperature. question;
本发明利用相变材料，通过固-液/液-固相变过程中的吸热、放热特性来对蓄电池进行保温、散热；The invention utilizes the phase change material to keep heat preservation and heat dissipation of the storage battery through the heat absorption and heat release characteristics in the solid-liquid/liquid-solid phase change process;
本发明通过无源的记忆合金作为温度开关，避免了在低温环境下由于电源供电问题导致的有源温度开关无法正常工作的缺陷；The invention uses the passive memory alloy as the temperature switch to avoid the defect that the active temperature switch cannot work normally due to the power supply problem in the low temperature environment;
本发明中的棉布层，采用毛巾、棉布等保温易吸水的材料，在低温环境下，棉布层干燥，起到保温作用；在常温环境下，使蓄电池受热均匀，并有利于散热；在高温环境下，由于水箱中的水通过出水孔流入棉布层，棉布层吸水后，通过水的蒸发吸热来对蓄电池进行有效的散热；The cotton cloth layer in the present invention is made of towel, cotton cloth and other materials that are heat-insulating and easy to absorb water. In a low temperature environment, the cotton cloth layer is dry and has a heat preservation effect; in a normal temperature environment, the battery is heated evenly and is conducive to heat dissipation; in a high temperature environment Because the water in the water tank flows into the cotton cloth layer through the water outlet hole, the cotton cloth layer absorbs water and absorbs heat through the evaporation of water to effectively dissipate heat from the battery;
本发明利用超级电容的低温特性，超级电容拥有在-40～+70℃温度范围内正常工作的特性，并可以起到保护蓄电池、延长蓄电池使用寿命的作用；The invention utilizes the low temperature characteristic of the super capacitor, the super capacitor has the characteristic of working normally in the temperature range of -40～+70°C, and can protect the battery and prolong the service life of the battery;
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
（1）利用无源的记忆合金作为温度开关来控制超级电容模块与直流母线、加热电阻丝的通断，避免了温度传感器及其电路等有源器件在低温环境下因电源无法启动导致不能正常工作的问题；(1) The passive memory alloy is used as a temperature switch to control the on-off of the supercapacitor module, the DC bus, and the heating resistance wire, so as to avoid the temperature sensor and its circuit and other active devices that cannot be activated normally due to the failure of the power supply in a low temperature environment. work problems;
（2）利用相变材料的固-液相变吸热、液-固相变放热特性，充分吸收蓄电池正常工作过程中的散热，在短暂停机过程中保温；(2) Utilize the solid-liquid phase change endothermic and liquid-solid phase change exothermic characteristics of the phase change material to fully absorb the heat dissipation during the normal operation of the battery, and keep warm during the short shutdown process;
（3）利用毛巾、棉布等保温易吸水的材料在干燥情况下的保温、湿润情况下的水蒸发散热特性来保证装置工作在正常温度。(3) Use the heat preservation and water absorbing materials such as towels and cotton cloths in dry conditions and water evaporation and heat dissipation in wet conditions to ensure that the device works at normal temperature.
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明装置的三维视图；1 is a three-dimensional view of the device of the present invention;
图2是装置内部透视图；Figure 2 is an internal perspective view of the device;
图3是控制模块结构框图；Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a control module structure;
图4是第一温度开关的示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of a first temperature switch;
图5是第二温度开关的示意图；Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the second temperature switch;
图中1-蓄电池、2-控制模块、3-超级电容、4-电加热层、5-相变储能层、6-棉布层、7-水箱、8-壳体、9-百叶窗、10a-水箱进水口、10b-水箱出水口、11a-蓄电池充电口、11b-蓄电池放电口、12a-第一DC/DC变换器、12b-第二DC/DC变换器、12c-第三DC/DC变换器、12d-第四DC/DC变换器、13-控制器、14a-第一记忆合金、14b-第二记忆合金、15-直流母线、S1-总开关、S2-第一温度开关、S3-第二温度开关、S2a-第一温度开关的A触点、S2b-第一温度开关的B触点、S2c-第一温度开关的C触点、S3a-第二温度开关的A触点、S3b-第二温度开关的B触点。In the figure 1-battery, 2-control module, 3-supercapacitor, 4-electric heating layer, 5-phase change energy storage layer, 6-cotton layer, 7-water tank, 8-shell, 9-louver, 10a- Water tank inlet, 10b-water tank outlet, 11a-battery charging port, 11b-battery discharging port, 12a-first DC/DC converter, 12b-second DC/DC converter, 12c-third DC/DC converter converter, 12d-fourth DC/DC converter, 13-controller, 14a-first memory alloy, 14b-second memory alloy, 15-DC bus, S1-main switch, S2-first temperature switch, S3- Second temperature switch, S2a-A contact of the first temperature switch, S2b-B contact of the first temperature switch, S2c-C contact of the first temperature switch, S3a-A contact of the second temperature switch, S3b - B contact of the second temperature switch.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明的技术方案进行详细的描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施方式，都属于本发明所保护的范围。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementations obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
下面结合附图对本发明所述的一种低温启动与高低温温度调节的复合蓄电池组装置及使用方法进行详细的说明。A composite battery pack device with low temperature start and high and low temperature temperature adjustment according to the present invention and its use method will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图1至图5所示，装置整体呈箱体状，从内到外分为五层，第一层有三个部分，从右至左依次为蓄电池1、控制模块2、超级电容3，第二层为电加热层4，第三层为相变储能层5，第四层为棉布层6，第五层为壳体8；As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the device is in the shape of a box as a whole. It is divided into five layers from inside to outside. The first layer has three parts. From right to left are
所述第二层电加热层4、第三层相变储能层5、第四层棉布层6三面包覆最内层的蓄电池1、控制模块2、超级电容3，靠近第一层的超级电容3左壁安装有水箱7，水箱7左壁安装有水箱进水口10a、水箱出水口10b，水箱进水口10a、水箱出水口10b用于给水箱7充水和放水；The second layer of
蓄电池1右壁有充电口/放电口，蓄电池1的充电口/放电口通过对应的充电/放电通道贯穿电加热层4、相变储能层5、棉布层6、壳体8后，连接至位于壳体8右壁的蓄电池充电口11a/蓄电池放电口11b，并通过蓄电池充电口11a给蓄电池1充电，通过蓄电池放电口11b连接至负载，供负载工作；There is a charging port/discharging port on the right wall of the
所述一种低温启动与温度调节的复合蓄电池组装置，在高温情况下，利用相变储能层5的吸热以及棉布层6中的棉布、毛巾等材料吸水后，水蒸发散热的特性给装置散热，保证蓄电池1工作在正常的工作温度范围内；The composite battery pack device for low-temperature start-up and temperature adjustment, under the condition of high temperature, utilizes the heat absorption of the phase-change
所述蓄电池可以选择常用的锂离子电池、镍氢电池、镍镉电池、铅酸电池；The storage battery can be selected from commonly used lithium-ion batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, and lead-acid batteries;
所述百叶窗9安装与壳体8上，在冬季等低温环境下，百叶窗9关闭，增加装置的保温性能；在环境温度较高的夏天，百叶窗9开启，便于棉布层6的水蒸发散热以及装置的热交换；The shutters 9 are installed on the
所述相变储能层5可以选择复合相变储能材料，要保证相变材料的相变温度处于20~30℃，可以保证在低温环境下，由于电加热层4、蓄电池1的工作产生的热量由相变储能层5吸收，并把装置内部的温度稳定在蓄电池工作的正常温度范围内；在高温情况下，也保证蓄电池1工作在正常温度范围内；The phase change
所述相变储能层5中的相变材料可以选择20℃的无机相变恒温材料(PCM-20)，含有质量比32％的六水氯化钙、5％的丙三醇、4.5％的过硫酸钾、4％的甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、6.2％的丙烯酸、2.8％的氯化钠和45.5％的水等；The phase change material in the phase change
优选地，电加热层4可以选用常用的加热电阻丝来完成电加热层4的功能；Preferably, the
优选地，棉布层6可以选用棉布、毛巾等在干燥时保温，吸水性强的材料，但并不局限于棉布、毛巾。Preferably, the
控制模块2内部右侧安装有第一DC/DC变换器12a和第二DC/DC变换器12b、左侧安装有第三DC/DC变换器12c和第四DC/DC变换器12d、中部安装有控制器13，第一DC/DC变换器12a的一端通过引线连接到蓄电池1，另一端通过引线连接到直流母线15；第二DC/DC变换器12b的一端通过引线连接到超级电容3，另一端由第一温度开关S2分为两个支路，第一温度开关的B触点S2b通过引线连接到直流母线15，第一温度开关的C触点S2c通过引线连接到总开关S1的一端，总开关S1的另一端通过引线连接到电加热层4的一端，电加热层4的另一端通过引线连接到地；第三DC/DC变换器12c的一端通过引线连接到总开关S1的一端，总开关S1的另一端通过导线与第二温度开关的B触点S3b，第二温度开关的A触点S3a通过引线连接超级电容3，第三DC/DC变换器12c的另一端通过引线连接到控制器13；第四DC/DC变换器12d的一端通过引线连接直流母线15，另一端通过引线连接到控制器13；Inside the control module 2, a first DC/DC converter 12a and a second DC/DC converter 12b are installed on the right side, a third DC/DC converter 12c and a fourth DC/DC converter 12d are installed on the left side, and the middle part is installed There is a controller 13, one end of the first DC/DC converter 12a is connected to the battery 1 through a lead wire, and the other end is connected to the DC bus 15 through a lead wire; one end of the second DC/DC converter 12b is connected to the super capacitor 3 through a lead wire, The other end is divided into two branches by the first temperature switch S2, the B contact S2b of the first temperature switch is connected to the DC bus 15 through the lead wire, and the C contact S2c of the first temperature switch is connected to one end of the main switch S1 through the lead wire , the other end of the main switch S1 is connected to one end of the electric heating layer 4 through a lead wire, and the other end of the electric heating layer 4 is connected to the ground through a lead wire; one end of the third DC/DC converter 12c is connected to one end of the main switch S1 through a lead wire , the other end of the main switch S1 is connected to the B contact S3b of the second temperature switch through a wire, the A contact S3a of the second temperature switch is connected to the super capacitor 3 through a lead wire, and the other end of the third DC/DC converter 12c is connected through a lead wire To the controller 13; one end of the fourth DC/DC converter 12d is connected to the DC bus 15 through a lead wire, and the other end is connected to the controller 13 through a lead wire;
所述第一温度开关S2是由第一记忆合金14a构成的单刀双掷开关，在低温环境下，第一温度开关S2处于收缩状态，收缩状态下，第一温度开关S2的第一记忆合金14a接触第一温度开关的C触点S2c，在总开关S1按下的情况下，超级电容3、第二DC/DC变换器12b与电加热层4之间导通，超级电容3给电加热层4供电，电加热层4发热，产生热量来提高蓄电池1的活性，使蓄电池1可以正常工作；在常温以及高温情况下，第一温度开关S2由于第一记忆合金14a的“记忆”功能而自然展开，第一温度开关S2的第一记忆合金14a接触第一温度开关的B触点S2b，此时，超级电容3、第二DC/DC变换器12b与直流母线15之间导通，当超级电容3电量不满，控制器13发出信号控制第二DC/DC变换器12b通过直流母线15给超级电容3充电；第二温度开关S3是由第二记忆合金14b构成的单刀单掷开关，在低温环境下，第二温度开关S3的第二记忆合金14b处于收缩状态，收缩状态下，第二温度开关S3的第二记忆合金14b接触第二温度开关的B触点，在总开关S1按下的情况下，超级电容3、第一DC/DC变换器12a与控制器13导通，超级电容3通过第三DC/DC变换器12c给控制器13供电；The first temperature switch S2 is a single-pole double-throw switch composed of a
所述总开关S1为双刀单掷开关（即按下总开关两条线路同时接通）；The main switch S1 is a double-pole single-throw switch (that is, pressing the two lines of the main switch to connect at the same time);
上述低温启动与温度调节的复合蓄电池组装置的启动过程分以下三种情况说明；The start-up process of the above-mentioned low-temperature start-up and temperature-regulated composite battery pack device is described in the following three cases;
（1）在低温下的启动过程是：开启总开关S1（即总开关S1所在的两条支路都接通），由于处于低温状态，由记忆合金构成的第二温度开关S3的第二记忆合金14b接通第二温度开关B触点S3b，第一温度开关S2的第一记忆合金14a接通第一温度开关的C触点S2c（即通过总开关S1与电加热层4导通），超级电容3给控制器13供电后，控制第二DC/DC变换器12b实现超级电容3的放电而引起电加热层4的加热电阻丝的工作，加热电阻丝通电后散发出热量，使位于电加热层4内的蓄电池1温度升高，蓄电池1电解液粘度减小，导致电解液中离子扩散速度增大，蓄电池1电化学反应速度加快，使蓄电池1输出容量增大；随着蓄电池1的正常运行，装置内部温度升高，导致第一温度开关S2、第二温度开关S3的第一记忆合金14a、第二记忆合金14b由于“记忆”功能而自然展开，恢复原状（即第二温度开关S3的第二记忆合金14b与第二温度开关的B触点S3b不接通；第一温度开关S2的第一记忆合金14a接通第一温度开关的B触点S2b），在超级电容3电量减少时，通过控制模块2的控制器13控制第二DC/DC变换器12b通过直流母线15给超级电容3充电；在蓄电池1启动过程中由于电加热层4的加热电阻丝发热、蓄电池1工作散热所生成的热量由包覆在电加热层4外部的相变储能层5吸收，蓄电池1工作、电加热层4发热产生的热量被储存后，可以在低温启动的时候重新使用，也能够保证蓄电池1的工作温度恒定在一个合适的范围内，并保证电池温度的一致性，同时也能够避免低温环境下带来的续航里程缩短；(1) The start-up process at low temperature is: turn on the main switch S1 (that is, the two branches where the main switch S1 is located are connected), due to the low temperature state, the second memory of the second temperature switch S3 composed of memory alloys. The
同时在低温环境下，位于装置外部的水箱中没有水，包覆在相变储能层5外部的棉布层6干燥，有利于保温；At the same time, in a low temperature environment, there is no water in the water tank outside the device, and the
低温环境中，蓄电池1工作一定时间后停止，由于相变储能层5的相变储热性能，以及棉布层6的保温性能，使得蓄电池1保持在可以正常工作的温度范围，此时再次启动蓄电池1，就不需在通过超级电容3给电加热层4加热，若超级电容3不是满电量状态，控制器13控制第二DC/DC变换器12b通过直流母线15给超级电容3充电；当下次使用距上次使用时间过长时，相变储能层5所储存的热量散发，蓄电池1恢复低温状态，此时启动，重复上述低温环境下的启动过程；In a low temperature environment, the
（2）常温下的启动过程是：在常温环境下，蓄电池1容量即蓄电池所能提供的电能为正常状态，在此环境中，蓄电池1的电解液粘度、电解液中离子扩散的速度都在正常情况下，故不需要经过超级电容3给电加热层4加热来提升蓄电池1的活性，直接通过蓄电池1的开关来控制蓄电池1的开启与关闭；(2) The startup process at normal temperature is: In the normal temperature environment, the capacity of the
包覆在电加热层4外部的相变储能层5吸收由于蓄电池1工作产生的热量，使蓄电池1受热均匀，并有利于散热；The phase-change
在常温环境下，位于装置外部的水箱7中没有水，包覆在相变储能层5外部的棉布层6干燥，有利于保温；In the normal temperature environment, there is no water in the
（3）在高温下的启动过程是：在高温环境下，蓄电池1电池容量即蓄电池1所能提供的电能为正常状态，在此环境中，蓄电池1的电解液粘度、电解液中离子扩散的速度都在正常情况下，故不需要经过超级电容3给电加热层4的加热电阻丝通电来提升蓄电池1的活性，直接通过蓄电池1的开关来控制蓄电池1的开启与关闭；包覆在电加热层4外部的相变储能层5吸收由于蓄电池1工作产生的热量，防止蓄电池1过热来保证安全；(3) The startup process at high temperature is: in a high temperature environment, the battery capacity of
同时在高温环境下，位于装置外部的水箱7中充满水，位于水箱出水孔口10b的记忆合金由于温度的升高而自然展开，恢复原状，露出出水孔，水箱7中的水通过出水孔流入棉布层6，棉布层6吸水后，由于相变储能层5温度的升高，棉布层6中的水蒸发，水蒸发吸热，起到给蓄电池1散热的作用；At the same time, in a high temperature environment, the
所述水箱7在寒区等低温环境下，处于没有水的状态；当工作在非寒区时候，通过水箱进水口10a给水箱7住满水，在装置运行过程中，由于蓄电池1散热、环境温度升高等问题导致的装置温度高会使得水箱出水口10b处的由记忆合金构成的温度开关展开，露出水箱出水口10b，使得水箱7水箱中的水流入棉布层6，棉布层6中的棉布、毛巾等材料吸水性强，吸水后由于水的蒸发散热来给装置散热。The
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的知识本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种应用和改进，这些应用和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。The basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments and descriptions describe the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have various Applications and improvements, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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