The patent application is a divisional application of patent application with the application number 201510684752.9 and the application date 2015 of 10 months and 20 days, and the invention name is an article extraction and article extraction verification method and device.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments of the present application and corresponding drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Fig. 1 is a process of an article extraction method according to an embodiment of the present application, which specifically includes the following steps:
s101: the terminal sends an item extraction request to the server.
In an embodiment of the present application, the terminal includes, but is not limited to: cell phones, tablet computers, smart watches, car mobile stations, personal computers, etc. The server includes, but is not limited to: a server of a shopping website, a server of a shopping application, a server providing a logistics service, etc.
In the embodiment of the present application, at least one physical object to be extracted from the server side is specified in the object extraction request, and for convenience of description, the specified physical object is referred to as: and the article extracting request corresponds to the article.
S102, after receiving the confirmation information of the article extraction request from the server, the terminal negotiates with the server for extracting the aircraft and the aviation channel of the article corresponding to the article extraction request.
In an embodiment of the present application, the acknowledgement information may indicate: the server determines that the article corresponding to the article extraction request is stored in the current stock and can be extracted. It should be noted that, the terminal may perform payment immediately after receiving the confirmation information, or may perform payment again when extracting the article, and the present application is mainly described with respect to the latter case. Of course, the method for extracting the articles provided by the application can also be used for other scenes which need to extract the articles besides shopping scenes, and the step of payment operation can be omitted in the other scenes.
Further, the negotiation result corresponding to the negotiation process in step S102 may be carried in the confirmation information, or may be carried in other information that the terminal interacts with the server, so that the user can check through the terminal. In practical applications, the negotiation process may have various embodiments, four of which are illustrated below.
First, the server may select the aircraft and the aviation channel, and notify the terminal, and after the terminal successfully responds to the notification, the negotiation process is completed, where the aircraft and the aviation channel selected by the server are: and the terminal negotiates with the server and is used for extracting the aircraft and the aviation channel of the article corresponding to the article extracting request.
Second, the terminal can select the aircraft and the aviation channel and inform the server, and after the server responds to the notice successfully, the negotiation process is completed, and the aircraft and the aviation channel selected by the terminal are as follows: and the terminal negotiates with the server and is used for extracting the aircraft and the aviation channel of the article corresponding to the article extracting request.
Thirdly, selecting an aircraft and a server by the terminal, or selecting an aircraft and an aviation channel by the server, further, after the terminal and the server notify each other and respond to the selected result, the negotiation process is completed, and the aircraft and the aviation channel corresponding to the selected result are used as: and the terminal negotiates with the server and is used for extracting the aircraft and the aviation channel of the article corresponding to the article extracting request.
Fourth, the third party device except the terminal and the server can select the aircraft and/or the aviation channel, and notify the terminal and the server, after the terminal and the server successfully respond to the notification, the negotiation process is completed, and the aircraft and the aviation channel selected by the third party device are: and the terminal negotiates with the server and is used for extracting the aircraft and the aviation channel of the article corresponding to the article extracting request. Wherein the third party device may be any device for managing an aircraft and/or an aviation channel.
Of course, in practical application, the implementation of the negotiation process in step S102 is not limited to the above four types. For ease of description, the following description will be continued mainly based on an application scenario in which an aircraft is directly selected by a terminal as a negotiated aircraft, and the terminal negotiates an aviation channel with a server.
In the embodiment of the application, the aircraft can be a direct piloted aircraft by a person or an unmanned aircraft. The unmanned aerial vehicle includes, but is not limited to: unmanned helicopters, unmanned fixed wing aircraft, unmanned multi-rotor aircraft, unmanned airships, unmanned parachute wing aircraft, and the like. The aircraft negotiated by the terminal with the server is an aircraft sufficient to carry the item (carrying the weight of the item) for flight. Further, the terminal and the server negotiated aircraft may have an automatic guiding function, and may automatically fly according to the indicated aviation channel, so as to remotely extract the articles for the user.
At present, the application of aircrafts is more and more widespread, and it is not difficult for users to own the aircrafts, so in the embodiment of the application, the user can provide the aircrafts for extracting the articles by himself, and in this way, the control degree of the user on the process of extracting the articles can be improved, especially in the scene that the user needs to extract the articles urgently, the application meets the requirements of the user. Therefore, in practical application, the aircraft provided by the user can be negotiated as the aircraft for extracting the article corresponding to the article extracting request.
Further, the aviation channel may include a start location of the aviation channel, an aviation route of the aviation channel, and a destination of the aviation channel. For the aviation channel negotiated in step S102, the start location of the aviation channel may be the location of the negotiated aircraft, such as the address of the user, the office location of the user, etc., and the destination of the aviation channel may be the location of the item corresponding to the item extraction request, such as a warehouse, a shipping platform, etc.
S103: the terminal sends an extraction instruction to the aircraft to instruct the aircraft to extract the item from the destination of the airline.
In the embodiment of the application, the terminal can send the extraction instruction to instruct the aircraft to extract the object according to the destination of the aviation channel from which the aircraft flies according to the aviation channel by interacting with the aircraft. Of course, in practical application, other control devices (such as a console, a remote controller, etc.) capable of controlling the aircraft may interact with the terminal, and send an extraction instruction to instruct the other control devices to control the aircraft to extract the article.
By the method, the aircraft has high speed and less manual intervention, so that the efficiency of extracting the objects can be improved, and the consumption of human resources can be reduced.
In the embodiment of the present application, for step S102, the terminal negotiates with the server for an aircraft and an aviation channel for extracting an item corresponding to the item extraction request, which may specifically include: the terminal acquires equipment information of the aircraft for extracting the article corresponding to the article extracting request; the terminal registers the equipment information of the aircraft on the server; and negotiating an aviation channel used when the aircraft extracts the object corresponding to the object extraction request with the server by the terminal according to the object extraction request and the equipment information of the aircraft, wherein the aviation channel comprises a starting place of the aviation channel, an aviation route of the aviation channel and a destination of the aviation channel.
The terminal can register the equipment information of the aircraft on the server in advance for the aircraft provided by the user, so that the server or the authentication equipment appointed by the server can authenticate the aircraft when the aircraft is used for extracting articles later. Of course, the terminal may not register the device information in advance, but may register the device information again when negotiating the aircraft with the server in step S102. Among other things, device information for an aircraft includes, but is not limited to: device identification, model number, physical address, internet (Internet Protocol, IP) address, etc. of the aircraft.
Further, for the step of registering device information, specifically, it may include: the terminal sends the equipment information to a server, and the server stores the equipment information and the corresponding relation between the equipment information and the article extraction request (or the user identifier corresponding to the article extraction request or the article corresponding to the article extraction request).
Further, the address of the user may be designated in the article extraction request, and as the starting place of the negotiated aviation channel, the destination of the negotiated aviation channel may be designated by the server according to the location of the article corresponding to the article extraction request, and the aviation route of the negotiated aviation channel may be calculated and determined by the terminal or the server by adopting a predetermined algorithm method.
It should be noted that in practical applications, there may be a supervision of the relevant functional department for the aviation channel of the aircraft, in which case the terminal and/or the server may first apply for the available aviation channel to the functional department before negotiating the aviation channel, so as to use the aviation channel in a specific time interval.
In embodiments of the present application, the extraction of items may begin after negotiating the aircraft and the airline. For step S103, the terminal sends an extraction instruction to the aircraft to instruct the aircraft to extract the article from the destination of the aviation channel, which may specifically include: the terminal sends an extraction instruction to the aircraft to instruct the aircraft to fly to a destination of the aviation channel according to an aviation route in the aviation channel from a starting place of the aviation channel; and the terminal requests authentication equipment appointed by the server to authenticate the aircraft, extracts the article after the authentication is passed, and instructs the aircraft to carry the article to the starting place of the aviation passage.
In addition, it has been mentioned above that the aircraft may also have an automatic guiding function, in which case the terminal may also set the route followed by the aircraft when automatically guiding the flight according to the aviation route of the aviation channel, and the aircraft may then automatically extract the item from the destination of the aviation channel according to the route. Wherein the setting may be performed by the terminal through an application related to the aircraft, or the setting may also be performed by the terminal through a control device of the aircraft, etc. Thus, manual intervention may be further reduced.
Further, the authentication will be described. The purpose of the authentication is: the server and/or the authentication device may be caused to determine the item to be extracted by the aircraft and to authenticate whether the aircraft is a counterfeiter, so that each aircraft may extract the correct item without each item being extracted by the counterfeiter. Thus, the authentication may improve the security of the item extraction method.
In practical applications, the authentication device may be the server itself or other devices, etc. The authentication process may specifically include: the aircraft sends authentication information to authentication equipment appointed by a server, so that the authentication equipment can determine that the aircraft passes authentication when determining that the authentication information is identical with standard information acquired from the server in advance; wherein the authentication information includes at least one of: and extracting the equipment information of the aircraft which requests to be registered on the server by using the user identification of the user of the terminal and aiming at the object by the terminal. The user identification may be obtained from the terminal in advance or in real time by the aircraft.
In an embodiment of the present application, the communication manner between the authentication device and the aircraft, and between the terminal and the aircraft may be a wireless communication manner. The wireless communication means includes, but is not limited to: bluetooth (Blue Tooth), near field (NEAR FIELD) communication, wireless high-fidelity (WIRELESS FIDELITY, wifi), zigBee (ZigBee), acoustic wave, and other short-distance wireless communication modes, and various wireless communication networks provided by a communication carrier, and so on.
It should be noted that the above only exemplifies two kinds of information that can be used as authentication information, and in the case that the security level is high, the authentication information may further include more contents, such as biometric information of the user, a verification code, a negotiated password, and the like. In addition, the aircraft adopts a similar mode to authenticate the authentication equipment, so that bidirectional authentication of a user side and a server side can be realized, and the safety of the article extraction method is further improved.
In the embodiment of the application, although the user does not personally extract the article, the article extraction process can be remotely verified through the image acquisition equipment on the aircraft, the aircraft can be permitted to carry the article to normally return when the article extraction process is determined to be error-free, and the article can be corrected in time when the article extraction process is error, so that the reliability of the article extraction method can be improved. Wherein the image capture device includes, but is not limited to, a video camera, a still camera, and the like.
Specifically, the terminal instructs the aircraft to carry the article to the origin of the aviation passage, and specifically may include: the terminal receives and displays video information shot by the aircraft when the object is extracted; the terminal receives a payment confirmation instruction, wherein the payment confirmation instruction is sent by a user using the terminal after viewing the displayed video information; and the terminal initiates payment operation for the article to the server according to the payment confirmation instruction, and sends a return instruction to the aircraft, wherein the return instruction is used for indicating the aircraft to carry the article to the starting place of the aviation passage. The aircraft may transmit the video information to the terminal in a wireless communication manner.
It should be noted that, the execution sequence of the two sub-steps of initiating the payment operation by the terminal and sending the return instruction by the terminal is not limited, and the applicable execution sequence may be determined according to the actual application scenario.
In the embodiment of the application, based on the above thought, an article extraction verification method is provided, as shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 2 shows a process of the method for verifying the extraction of an article according to an embodiment of the present application, which specifically includes the following steps:
S201: the terminal receives and displays video information shot by the aircraft when the target object is extracted.
S202: the terminal receives a payment confirmation instruction, wherein the payment confirmation instruction is sent by a user using the terminal after viewing the displayed video information.
S203: and the terminal initiates payment operation for the target object to a server providing the target object according to the payment confirmation instruction.
According to the method, even if a user is not on the article extraction site, the extraction process of the aircraft for the target article can be checked and verified through the video information, and the payment confirmation instruction can be sent to the terminal only under the condition that the extraction process is considered to be correct, and the article extraction and verification method is convenient and high in safety.
The method for extracting the object provided by the embodiment of the application is described by taking the terminal as an execution main body, and based on the same thought, the application also provides two object extraction methods, which are described by taking the aircraft and the server as the execution main bodies respectively, as shown in fig. 3 and 4.
Fig. 3 is a process of the method for extracting articles corresponding to fig. 1, which is provided by the embodiment of the present application and uses an aircraft as an execution body, and specifically includes the following steps:
S301: and the aircraft receives the extraction instruction sent by the terminal.
S302: and the aircraft extracts a target object from the destination of the aviation channel according to the extraction instruction, wherein the target object is an object corresponding to an object extraction request sent by the terminal to the server, and the aircraft and the aviation channel are obtained by negotiating with the server after receiving confirmation information of the object extraction request by the server by the terminal.
By the method, the efficiency of extracting the articles can be improved, and the consumption of human resources can be reduced.
In the embodiment of the present application, for step S302, the extracting, by the aircraft, the target object from the destination of the aviation channel according to the extracting instruction may specifically include: the aircraft starts from the starting place of the aviation channel according to the extraction instruction and flies to the destination of the aviation channel according to the aviation route of the aviation channel; the aircraft extracts the target object after the aircraft is authenticated by the authentication equipment appointed by the server; the aircraft receives an indication of the terminal and carries the target item to the origin of the aircraft passageway according to the indication. The extraction instruction comprises relevant information of the aviation channel.
Further, the authentication of the aircraft by the aircraft through the authentication device specified by the server may specifically include: the aircraft sends authentication information to authentication equipment appointed by the server, so that the authentication equipment can determine that the aircraft passes authentication when determining that the authentication information is identical with standard information acquired from the server in advance; wherein the authentication information includes at least one of: and extracting equipment information of the aircraft which requests to be registered on the server by using the user identification of the user of the terminal and the terminal aiming at the object.
In an embodiment of the present application, the aircraft receives the indication of the terminal, and carries the article to the origin of the aviation channel according to the indication, which may specifically include: the aircraft sends video information shot when the object is extracted to the terminal; and the aircraft receives a return instruction sent by the terminal and carries the article to the starting place of the aviation channel according to the return instruction.
Fig. 4 is a process of the method for extracting an article corresponding to fig. 1, which is provided by the embodiment of the present application and uses the server as an execution body, and specifically includes the following steps:
s401: and the server receives an article extraction request sent by the terminal.
S402: and the server sends confirmation information of the article extraction request to the terminal.
S403: the server negotiates with the terminal an aircraft and an aviation channel for extracting the item corresponding to the item extraction request, so that the aircraft extracts the item from the destination of the aviation channel.
By the method, the efficiency of extracting the articles can be improved, and the consumption of human resources can be reduced.
In the embodiment of the present application, for step S403, the server negotiates with the terminal about an aircraft and an aviation channel for extracting an item corresponding to the item extraction request, which may specifically include: the server receives the equipment information of the aircraft, which is sent by the terminal and is used for extracting the article corresponding to the article extraction request; the server registers equipment information of the aircraft; and the server negotiates an aviation channel to be used when the aircraft extracts the article corresponding to the article extraction request with the terminal according to the article extraction request and the equipment information of the aircraft.
In an embodiment of the present application, after step S403, the method may further include: the server designating an authentication device so that the authentication device permits the aircraft to extract the item after authentication of the aircraft to the destination of the airline is passed; and the server sends the equipment information of the aircraft and/or the user identification corresponding to the article extraction request to the authentication equipment so as to be used for authenticating the aircraft by the authentication equipment.
For ease of understanding, detailed procedures of the method for extracting an article provided in the embodiment of the present application will be described below with reference to a multi-terminal (terminal, aircraft, authentication device, server) interaction diagram.
Assuming that the authentication device specified by the server is not the server itself, assuming that the terminal may instruct the aircraft through an aircraft-related application carried on the terminal, based on the above assumption, fig. 5 shows a detailed procedure of the article extraction method provided by the embodiment of the present application, and specifically may include the following steps:
S501: the terminal sends an item extraction request to the server.
S502: and the server sends confirmation information of the item extraction request to the terminal.
S503: and the terminal acquires the equipment information of the aircraft for extracting the article corresponding to the article extraction request.
S504: the terminal registers the equipment information of the aircraft on a server.
S505: and the terminal and the server negotiate an aviation channel to be used when the aircraft extracts the article corresponding to the article extraction request according to the article extraction request and the registered equipment information of the aircraft.
S506: the server designates an authentication device.
S507: and the server sends the registered equipment information of the aircraft and/or the user identification corresponding to the article extraction request to authentication equipment.
S508: and the terminal sends an extraction instruction to the aircraft according to the negotiated aviation channel.
S509: after receiving the extraction instruction, the aircraft starts from the starting place of the aviation channel and flies to the destination of the aviation channel according to the aviation route of the aviation channel.
S510: and the authentication equipment authenticates the aircraft according to the article extraction request and the registered equipment information of the aircraft.
S511: and after the authentication is passed, the aircraft extracts the article and sends the video information shot when the article is extracted to the terminal.
In practical applications, the aircraft extracts the article, which may specifically include: the items are packaged and loaded on board the aircraft by server-side personnel.
S512: the user watches the video information through the terminal, after confirming the extraction process, the user sends a payment confirmation instruction to the terminal, and when the terminal receives the payment confirmation instruction from the user, the user initiates a payment operation for the article to the server.
S513: and the terminal sends a return instruction to the aircraft.
S514: after receiving the return instruction, the aircraft carries the article to return to the departure point of the aviation channel, and the user takes the article.
The above method for extracting and verifying an article according to the embodiments of the present application are based on the same concept, and the embodiments of the present application further provide a corresponding device for extracting and verifying an article and three devices for extracting an article, as shown in fig. 6, 7, 8, and 9.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an article extracting device corresponding to fig. 1 according to an embodiment of the present application, which specifically includes:
Transmitting means 601 for transmitting an article extraction request to a server for a terminal;
The negotiation module 602 is configured to negotiate, with the server, an aircraft and an aviation channel for extracting an item corresponding to the item extraction request after receiving the acknowledgement information of the item extraction request from the server;
an extraction module 603 for sending an extraction instruction to the aircraft to instruct the aircraft to extract the item from the destination of the aviation passage.
The negotiation module 602 is specifically configured to: acquiring equipment information of an aircraft for extracting an item corresponding to the item extraction request; registering device information of the aircraft on the server; and negotiating an aviation channel used when the aircraft extracts the object corresponding to the object extraction request with the server according to the object extraction request and the equipment information of the aircraft, wherein the aviation channel comprises a starting place of the aviation channel, an aviation route of the aviation channel and a destination of the aviation channel.
The extracting module 603 is specifically configured to: sending an extraction instruction to the aircraft to instruct the aircraft to fly to a destination of the aviation channel according to an aviation route of the aviation channel from a starting place of the aviation channel; and requesting authentication equipment designated by the server to authenticate the aircraft, extracting the article after the authentication is passed, and instructing the aircraft to carry the article to the origin of the aviation passage.
The extracting module 603 is specifically configured to: receiving and displaying video information shot by the aircraft when the object is extracted; receiving a payment confirmation instruction, wherein the payment confirmation instruction is sent by a user using the terminal after viewing the displayed video information; and according to the payment confirmation instruction, initiating a payment operation for the article to the server, and sending a return instruction to the aircraft, wherein the return instruction is used for indicating the aircraft to carry the article to the starting place of the aviation passage.
The specific apparatus shown in fig. 6 may be located on a terminal.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an article extraction verification device corresponding to fig. 2 according to an embodiment of the present application, which specifically includes:
The display module 701 is configured to receive, for a terminal, video information captured by an aircraft when extracting a target object, and display the video information;
A receiving module 702, configured to receive a payment confirmation instruction, where the payment confirmation instruction is sent by a user using the terminal after viewing the displayed video information;
And the payment module 703 is configured to initiate a payment operation for the target item to a server that provides the target item according to the payment confirmation instruction.
The specific apparatus shown in fig. 7 may be located on a terminal.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an article extracting device corresponding to fig. 3 according to an embodiment of the present application, which specifically includes:
a receiving module 801, configured to receive an extraction instruction sent by a terminal for an aircraft;
And the extracting module 802 is configured to extract, according to the extracting instruction, a target article from a destination of an aviation channel, where the target article is an article corresponding to an article extraction request sent by the terminal to a server, and the aircraft and the aviation channel are obtained by negotiating with the server after receiving acknowledgement information of the article extraction request from the server by the terminal.
The extraction module 802 is specifically configured to: according to the extraction instruction, starting from the starting place of the aviation channel, and flying to the destination of the aviation channel according to the aviation route of the aviation channel; extracting the target item after authentication of the aircraft by the authentication device specified by the server; and receiving an indication of the terminal, and carrying the target object to the starting place of the aviation channel according to the indication.
The extraction module 802 is specifically configured to: transmitting authentication information to an authentication device designated by the server so that the authentication device determines that the aircraft is authenticated when it is determined that the authentication information is identical to standard information acquired in advance from the server; wherein the authentication information includes at least one of: and extracting equipment information of the aircraft which requests to be registered on the server by using the user identification of the user of the terminal and the terminal aiming at the object.
The extraction module 802 is specifically configured to: transmitting video information photographed when the article is extracted to the terminal; and receiving a return instruction sent by the terminal, and carrying the article to the starting place of the aviation channel according to the return instruction.
The particular apparatus described above and shown in fig. 8 may be located on board an aircraft.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an article extracting device corresponding to fig. 4 according to an embodiment of the present application, which specifically includes:
A receiving module 901, configured to receive, for a server, an article extraction request sent by a terminal;
A confirmation module 902, configured to send confirmation information of the item extraction request to the terminal;
The extracting module 903 is configured to negotiate with the terminal, for extracting an aircraft and an aviation channel of the item corresponding to the item extracting request, so that the aircraft extracts the item from a destination of the aviation channel.
The extraction module 903 is specifically configured to: receiving the equipment information of the aircraft, which is sent by the terminal and is used for extracting the article corresponding to the article extraction request; registering the equipment information of the aircraft; and negotiating an aviation channel to be used when the aircraft extracts the article corresponding to the article extraction request with the terminal according to the article extraction request and the equipment information of the aircraft.
The apparatus further comprises:
A certification module 904 for designating a certification device so that the certification device permits the aircraft to extract the item after the certification of the aircraft arriving at the destination of the airline is passed; and transmitting the equipment information of the aircraft and/or the user identification corresponding to the article extraction request to the authentication equipment for the authentication equipment to authenticate the aircraft.
The specific apparatus shown in fig. 9 may be located on a server.
The embodiment of the application provides a method and a device for extracting articles, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the terminal sends an article extraction request to the server; after receiving the confirmation information of the article extraction request from the server, the terminal negotiates with the server for extracting the aircraft and aviation channel of the article corresponding to the article extraction request; the terminal sends an extraction instruction to the aircraft to instruct the aircraft to extract the item from the destination of the airline. By the method, the aircraft has high speed and less manual intervention, so that the efficiency of extracting the objects can be improved, and the consumption of human resources can be reduced.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In one typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
The memory may include volatile memory in a computer-readable medium, random Access Memory (RAM) and/or nonvolatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of computer-readable media.
Computer readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of storage media for a computer include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static Random Access Memory (SRAM), dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), read Only Memory (ROM), electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium, which can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. Computer-readable media, as defined herein, does not include transitory computer-readable media (transmission media), such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that comprises the element.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the application are to be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.