CN111821527A - A portable pneumothorax exhaust device and method of using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明涉及一种便携式气胸排气装置及其使用方法，包括穿刺针、液封管；所述穿刺针包括针芯、针套；所述针芯为不锈钢针，末端设有握柄；所述针套为塑料材质管，尾端设有针芯的握把的套管，套管内固定有弹性橡胶，弹性橡胶下套管上设有塑料软管，所述塑料软管的末端设有接头，针套由塑料软管形成两通管；所述液封管包括管身、盖子、甘油；所述管身下端是与塑料软管的接头对接的圆管，管身内设有一层无纺布；所述盖子的底面是网格，盖子内设有一层无纺布，盖子与管身螺纹连接，所述甘油放置在无纺布之间。本发明的用法与静脉留置针类似，能够方便的携带，应对气胸的情况威胁到生命安全来不及去医院处理等情况。

The invention relates to a portable pneumothorax exhaust device and a method for using the same, comprising a puncture needle and a liquid-sealing tube; the puncture needle comprises a needle core and a needle cover; the needle core is a stainless steel needle, and a handle is provided at the end; The needle cover is a plastic material tube, the end of which is provided with a sleeve for the handle of the needle core, an elastic rubber is fixed in the sleeve, a plastic hose is arranged on the elastic rubber lower sleeve, and the end of the plastic hose is provided with a joint, The needle cover is formed by a plastic hose to form a two-way tube; the liquid-sealing tube includes a tube body, a cover, and glycerin; the lower end of the tube body is a round tube that is butted with the joint of the plastic hose, and a layer of non-woven fabric is arranged in the tube body; The bottom surface of the cover is a mesh, a layer of non-woven fabric is arranged in the cover, the cover is threadedly connected with the tube body, and the glycerin is placed between the non-woven fabrics. The usage of the invention is similar to that of the venous indwelling needle, it can be carried conveniently, and the situation of pneumothorax threatening life safety is too late to go to the hospital for treatment.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种便携式气胸排气装置及其使用方法A portable pneumothorax exhaust device and method of using the same

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及医疗器械领域，具体涉及一种便携式气胸排气装置及其使用方法。The invention relates to the field of medical devices, in particular to a portable pneumothorax exhaust device and a method for using the same.

背景技术Background technique

气胸(pneumothorax)是指气体进入胸膜腔，造成积气状态，称为气胸。多因肺部疾病或外力影响使肺组织和脏层胸膜破裂，或靠近肺表面的细微气肿泡破裂，肺和支气管内空气逸入胸膜腔。因胸壁或肺部创伤引起者称为创伤性气胸；因疾病致肺组织自行破裂引起者称“自发性气胸”，如因治疗或诊断所需人为地将空气注入胸膜腔称“人工气胸”。气胸又可分为闭合性气胸、开放性气胸及张力性气胸。自发性气胸多见于男性青壮年或患有慢支、肺气肿、肺结核者。张力性气胸是最为凶险的一种情况，张力性指较大的肺泡破裂、较大较深的肺裂伤或支气管破裂，裂口与胸膜腔相通，且形成单向活瓣，致胸膜腔内压动不断升高的一种病变。造成肺萎陷、呼吸和循环功能障碍，颈面及胸部皮下气肿。本病属肺科急症之一，严重者可危及生命，及时处理可治愈。Pneumothorax (pneumothorax) refers to the gas into the pleural cavity, resulting in a state of gas accumulation, known as pneumothorax. Mostly due to lung disease or external force, the lung tissue and visceral pleura are ruptured, or the tiny emphysema bubbles close to the lung surface are ruptured, and the air in the lungs and bronchi escapes into the pleural cavity. Those caused by trauma to the chest wall or lungs are called traumatic pneumothorax; those caused by the spontaneous rupture of lung tissue due to disease are called "spontaneous pneumothorax", and if air is artificially injected into the pleural cavity for treatment or diagnosis, it is called "artificial pneumothorax". Pneumothorax can be further divided into closed pneumothorax, open pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax. Spontaneous pneumothorax is more common in young men or those with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and pulmonary tuberculosis. Tension pneumothorax is one of the most dangerous conditions. Tension refers to larger alveolar rupture, larger and deeper pulmonary laceration or bronchial rupture. The rupture communicates with the pleural cavity and forms a one-way valve, causing intrapleural pressure. A disease with increasing motion. Cause lung collapse, respiratory and circulatory dysfunction, neck and chest subcutaneous emphysema. The disease is one of the pulmonary emergencies, severe cases can be life-threatening, and timely treatment can be cured.

对于气胸的治疗分为保守疗法和排气疗法。所谓保守疗法包括卧床休息，氧疗以及酌情镇痛、镇静、止咳、通便等以祛除诱因。体弱、营养状态欠佳者适当给予支持治疗。对住院治疗的患者都应该给予高流量吸氧，吸入高浓度的氧气可能可以降低胸膜毛细血管气体总压力，使胸膜毛细血管压与胸腔内压的压力差增加，从而促进胸腔气体的吸收；此外还可以提高血中PO₂，使氮分压(PN)下降，从而增加胸膜腔与血液间的PN差，促使胸膜腔内的氮气向血液转递(氮-氧交换)，促进肺复张。自发性气胸患者每24h气体吸收率为半胸气体容量的1.25％～2.2％，肺压缩15％者需要8～12天才能完全复张，进行高流量吸氧可使气胸的吸收速度增加4倍。但要注意氧中毒的发生，避免持续吸入高浓度氧。具体方法，氧流量为10L/min，每天2次，每次20分钟。排气疗法就是从外部对胸膜腔内气体排出，方法如下：单纯抽气，(1)小孔导管(14-16G)抽气与大孔径(＞20F)的胸腔引流管排气，它的优点在于可以减轻疼痛评分并缩短住院天数；(2)间插管引流，若出现胸腔积液和大漏气且超过小导管的引流能力时，那么采用小导管很容易失败，而选择较大的导管则比较有利；(3)胸片提示持续漏气、气胸复张不完全或者完全不复张应采用肋间负压引流，持续漏气常常被定义为插管48h后从肋间导管持续逸出气泡。The treatment of pneumothorax is divided into conservative therapy and exhaust therapy. The so-called conservative therapy includes bed rest, oxygen therapy and appropriate analgesia, sedation, cough, laxative, etc. to eliminate incentives. Those who are frail and poor in nutritional status should be given appropriate supportive treatment. High-flow oxygen inhalation should be given to hospitalized patients. High-concentration oxygen inhalation may reduce the total pressure of pleural capillary gas and increase the pressure difference between pleural capillary pressure and intrathoracic pressure, thereby promoting the absorption of pleural gas; It can also increase PO₂ in the blood, reduce the partial pressure of nitrogen (PN), thereby increasing the PN difference between the pleural cavity and the blood, promoting the transfer of nitrogen in the pleural cavity to the blood (nitrogen-oxygen exchange), and promoting lung recruitment. In patients with spontaneous pneumothorax, the gas absorption rate per 24 hours is 1.25% to 2.2% of the gas volume of the hemithorax, and it takes 8 to 12 days for patients with pulmonary compression of 15% to fully recruit. High-flow oxygen inhalation can increase the absorption rate of pneumothorax by 4 times. . But pay attention to the occurrence of oxygen poisoning and avoid continuous inhalation of high concentrations of oxygen. Specific method, oxygen flow is 10L/min, 2 times a day, 20 minutes each time. Exhaust therapy is to expel the air in the pleural cavity from the outside. The methods are as follows: simple air extraction, (1) small hole catheter (14-16G) air extraction and large hole (> 20F) thoracic drainage tube exhaust, its advantages It can reduce the pain score and shorten the length of hospital stay; (2) intubation and drainage, if pleural effusion and large air leakage occur and the drainage capacity of the small catheter is exceeded, then the use of the small catheter is easy to fail, and the larger catheter is selected. (3) If chest X-ray shows persistent air leakage, incomplete or complete non-recruitment of pneumothorax, intercostal negative pressure drainage should be used. Persistent air leakage is often defined as continuous escape from the intercostal duct 48 hours after intubation. bubble.

外力因素也是气胸诱发的常见原因，但大多数的气胸疗法都需要借助医院内的器械、设备，若发生气胸患者处于战场、灾情发生地或是气胸的情况威胁到生命安全来不及去医院处理等情况下，尤其是张力性气胸患者往往来不及送到医院就死亡了，所以需要一种便携且操作简单的气胸排气装置来对气胸进行紧急处理，以保证人的生命不受气胸的威胁。External factors are also common causes of pneumothorax, but most pneumothorax treatments require the help of equipment and equipment in the hospital. If the pneumothorax patient is in the battlefield, the disaster site, or the pneumothorax situation threatens life safety, it is too late to go to the hospital for treatment, etc. In particular, patients with tension pneumothorax often die before they can be sent to the hospital, so a portable and easy-to-operate pneumothorax exhaust device is needed for emergency treatment of pneumothorax, so as to ensure that human life is not threatened by pneumothorax.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

为解决上述的问题，本发明的方案为：提供一种便携式气胸排气装置及其使用方法。In order to solve the above problems, the solution of the present invention is to provide a portable pneumothorax exhaust device and a method for using the same.

一种便携式气胸排气装置，包括穿刺针、液封管；A portable pneumothorax exhaust device, comprising a puncture needle and a liquid sealing tube;

所述穿刺针包括针芯、针套；所述针芯为不锈钢针，末端设有握柄；所述针套为塑料材质管，尾端设有针芯的握把的套管，套管内固定有弹性橡胶，弹性橡胶之下的套管上设有塑料软管，所述塑料软管的末端设有接头，针套由塑料软管形成两通管；The puncture needle includes a needle core and a needle cover; the needle core is a stainless steel needle, and the end is provided with a handle; the needle cover is a plastic material tube, and the tail end is provided with a sleeve for the handle of the needle core, and the sleeve is fixed inside There is elastic rubber, the sleeve under the elastic rubber is provided with a plastic hose, the end of the plastic hose is provided with a joint, and the needle cover is formed by the plastic hose to form a two-way pipe;

所述液封管包括管身、盖子、甘油；所述管身下端是与塑料软管的接头对接的圆管，管身内设有一层无纺布；所述盖子的底面是网格，盖子内设有一层无纺布，盖子与管身螺纹连接，所述甘油放置在无纺布之间。The liquid-sealing tube includes a tube body, a cover, and glycerin; the lower end of the tube body is a round tube that is butted with the joint of the plastic hose, and a layer of non-woven fabric is arranged in the tube body; the bottom surface of the cover is a mesh, and the inside of the cover is a A layer of non-woven fabric is provided, the cover is screwed with the tube body, and the glycerin is placed between the non-woven fabrics.

进一步的，所述握柄为圆柱状，两端设有凸起的薄片。Further, the handle is cylindrical, and both ends are provided with raised sheets.

进一步的，所述无纺布使甘油既不接触管身底端也不接触盖子底端。Further, the non-woven fabric makes the glycerin neither contact the bottom end of the tube body nor the bottom end of the lid.

进一步的，所述管身内甘油的添加量为：管身倾斜45度，甘油液面高度高于底层无纺布最高点1-2mm。Further, the added amount of glycerin in the tube body is as follows: the tube body is inclined at 45 degrees, and the liquid level of glycerin is 1-2mm higher than the highest point of the bottom non-woven fabric.

进一步的，所述针套的直径从头端到尾端逐渐增粗。Further, the diameter of the needle cover gradually increases from the head end to the tail end.

一种便携式气胸排气装置的使用方法，包括以下步骤：A method of using a portable pneumothorax exhaust device, comprising the following steps:

(1)对患者气胸的胸口经行消毒处理；(1) Disinfect the chest of the patient with pneumothorax;

(2)将液封管的管身下端的圆管与针套的塑料软管的接头对接固定；(2) Butt-fix the circular tube at the lower end of the liquid sealing tube with the joint of the plastic hose of the needle cover;

(3)握住针芯的握柄和针套的套管将针套头端置入胸膜腔；(3) Hold the handle of the needle core and the cannula of the needle cover and insert the head end of the needle cover into the pleural cavity;

(4)固定住枕套后抽出针芯后将液封管盖子向上固定住。(4) After fixing the pillowcase, pull out the needle core and fix the lid of the liquid sealing tube upward.

进一步的，所述步骤(3)的操作方法与静脉留置针操作方法相同。Further, the operation method of the step (3) is the same as the operation method of the venous indwelling needle.

发明的有益效果Beneficial Effects of Invention

(1)本发明的气胸排气装置大小与形状与现有的静脉留置针相当，体积小易携带。(1) The size and shape of the pneumothorax exhaust device of the present invention are comparable to the existing venous indwelling needle, and the volume is small and easy to carry.

(2)本发明的气胸排气装置操作简单，比较静脉留置针就多了一个液封管。(2) The pneumothorax exhaust device of the present invention is simple to operate, and has one more liquid-sealing tube compared to the intravenous indwelling needle.

(3)本发明的液封管采用了甘油、无纺布的组合设计，让胸膜腔内的气体可以排出但不会从外部回流到胸膜腔内。(3) The liquid-sealing tube of the present invention adopts the combined design of glycerin and non-woven fabric, so that the gas in the pleural cavity can be discharged but will not flow back into the pleural cavity from the outside.

附图说明Description of drawings

为了更清晰地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明中记载的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

图1为便携式气胸排气装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of portable pneumothorax exhaust device;

图2为穿刺针的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of puncture needle;

图3为液封管的结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid sealing tube.

说明书附图中各部件及其标号如下：The components and their labels in the accompanying drawings are as follows:

穿刺针1、液封管2、针芯3、针套4、握柄5、套管6、管身7、盖子8、甘油9、无纺布10、弹性橡胶11。Punctureneedle 1, liquid sealing tube 2, needle core 3, needle cover 4, handle 5, sleeve 6,tube body 7,cover 8, glycerin 9,non-woven fabric 10, elastic rubber 11.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面将通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below through specific embodiments.

实施例IEmbodiment 1

发明的便携式气胸排气装置的结构如图1～3所示：包括穿刺针1、液封管2；The structure of the invented portable pneumothorax exhaust device is shown in Figures 1-3: it includes apuncture needle 1 and a liquid sealing tube 2;

所述穿刺针1包括针芯3、针套4；所述针芯3为不锈钢针，末端设有握柄5，握柄5为圆柱状，两端设有凸起的薄片，握柄5作用是封堵针套4，薄片方便握持、推送和拔出针芯3；所述针套4为塑料材质管，针套4的直径从头端到尾端逐渐增粗，该结构有利于针套4置入胸膜腔内；针套4尾端设有针芯3的握把的套管6，套管6内固定有弹性橡胶11，弹性橡胶11在针芯3被抽出后针芯3穿刺在弹性橡胶11上的小孔收缩阻止液体或者气体从套管6内流出也阻止外部的物质从套管6进入胸膜腔；弹性橡胶11之下的套管6上设有塑料软管，所述塑料软管的末端设有接头，针套4由塑料软管形成两通管，胸膜腔内的气体从塑料软管排出；Thepuncture needle 1 includes a needle core 3 and a needle cover 4; the needle core 3 is a stainless steel needle, and the end is provided with a handle 5, the handle 5 is cylindrical, and the two ends are provided with raised sheets, and the handle 5 functions The needle cover 4 is blocked, and the thin sheet is convenient for holding, pushing and pulling out the needle core 3; the needle cover 4 is a plastic material tube, and the diameter of the needle cover 4 gradually increases from the head end to the tail end, and this structure is beneficial to the needle cover. 4 is placed in the pleural cavity; the end of the needle cover 4 is provided with a cannula 6 for the handle of the needle core 3, and an elastic rubber 11 is fixed in the cannula 6, and the needle core 3 is punctured in the needle core 3 after the needle core 3 is drawn out. The shrinkage of the small holes on the elastic rubber 11 prevents liquid or gas from flowing out of the sleeve 6 and also prevents external substances from entering the pleural cavity from the sleeve 6; the sleeve 6 under the elastic rubber 11 is provided with a plastic hose, and the plastic The end of the hose is provided with a joint, the needle cover 4 is formed by a plastic hose to form a two-way tube, and the gas in the pleural cavity is discharged from the plastic hose;

所述液封管2包括管身7、盖子8、甘油9；所述管身7下端是与塑料软管的接头对接的圆管，管身7内设有一层无纺布10；所述盖子8的底面是网格，网格能够通气同时阻止外部颗粒物进入，盖子8内设有一层无纺布10，盖子8与管身7螺纹连接，打开盖子8可以添加甘油9，所述甘油9放置在无纺布10之间，无纺布10使甘油9既不接触管身7底端也不接触盖子8底端；所述无纺布10使甘油9既不接触管身7底端也不接触盖子8底端，甘油9无法透过无纺布10也就不会从液封管2内漏出；管身7内甘油9的添加量为：管身7倾斜45度，甘油液9面高度高于底层无纺布10最高点1-2mm，能盖住无纺布10，起到类似单向阀膜片的作用同时防水防尘。气胸内的气体排出时气压吹开甘油9，气体排出；人体吸气时，甘油9沉降在管身7的无纺布10封堵液封管2，阻止外部的气体倒流入胸膜腔内。The liquid-sealing tube 2 includes atube body 7, acover 8, and a glycerin 9; the lower end of thetube body 7 is a round tube that is docked with a joint of a plastic hose, and a layer ofnon-woven fabric 10 is arranged in thetube body 7; the cover The bottom surface of 8 is a mesh, which can ventilate and prevent external particles from entering. Thecover 8 is provided with a layer ofnon-woven fabric 10, and thecover 8 is threadedly connected to thetube body 7. Open thecover 8 to add glycerin 9, and the glycerin 9 is placed. Between thenon-woven fabrics 10, thenon-woven fabric 10 makes the glycerin 9 neither contact the bottom end of thetube body 7 nor the bottom end of thecover 8; thenon-woven fabric 10 makes the glycerin 9 neither contact the bottom end of thetube body 7 nor When the bottom end of thecover 8 is touched, the glycerin 9 cannot pass through thenon-woven fabric 10 and will not leak from the liquid-sealing tube 2; It is 1-2mm higher than the highest point of the bottomnon-woven fabric 10, which can cover thenon-woven fabric 10, and plays a role similar to a one-way valve diaphragm while being waterproof and dustproof. When the gas in the pneumothorax is discharged, the air pressure blows open the glycerol 9, and the gas is discharged; when the human body inhales, the glycerol 9 settles on thenon-woven fabric 10 of thetube body 7 to block the liquid sealing tube 2, preventing the external gas from flowing back into the pleural cavity.

实施例IIExample II

本发明的便携式气胸排气装置的使用方法如下：The using method of the portable pneumothorax exhaust device of the present invention is as follows:

(1)对患者气胸的胸口经行消毒处理；(1) Disinfect the chest of the patient with pneumothorax;

(2)将液封管2的管身7下端的圆管与针套4的塑料软管的接头对接固定；(2) Butt-fix the circular tube at the lower end of thetube body 7 of the liquid sealing tube 2 with the joint of the plastic hose of the needle cover 4;

(3)握住针芯3的握柄5和针套4的套管6将针套4头端置入胸膜腔，其具体操作方法与静脉置管类似；(3) Holding the handle 5 of the needle core 3 and the cannula 6 of the needle cover 4 and inserting the head end of the needle cover 4 into the pleural cavity, the specific operation method is similar to that of the intravenous cannulation;

(4)固定住枕套后抽出针芯3后将液封管2盖子8竖直向上固定住。(4) After fixing the pillowcase, pull out the needle core 3 and fix thelid 8 of the liquid sealing tube 2 vertically upward.

上面所述的实施例仅仅是本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的构思和范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计构思的前提下，本领域中普通工程技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变型和改进均应落入本发明的保护范围，本发明的请求保护的技术内容，已经全部记载在技术要求书中。The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention to describe, and do not limit the concept and scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made should fall within the protection scope of the present invention, and the technical content of the claimed protection of the present invention has been fully recorded in the technical requirements.

Claims (7)

1. A portable pneumothorax exhaust apparatus is characterized in that: comprises a puncture needle and a liquid seal tube;

the puncture needle comprises a needle core and a needle sleeve; the needle core is a stainless steel needle, and the tail end of the needle core is provided with a grab handle; the needle sleeve is a plastic tube, the tail end of the needle sleeve is provided with a sleeve of a handle of the needle core, elastic rubber is fixed in the sleeve, a plastic hose is arranged on the sleeve below the elastic rubber, the tail end of the plastic hose is provided with a joint, and the needle sleeve is a two-way tube formed by the plastic hose;

the liquid seal pipe comprises a pipe body, a cover and glycerin; the lower end of the pipe body is a round pipe butted with the joint of the plastic hose, and a layer of non-woven fabric is arranged in the pipe body; the bottom surface of the cover is a grid, a layer of non-woven fabric is arranged in the cover, the cover is in threaded connection with the pipe body, and the glycerin is placed between the non-woven fabrics.

2. A portable pneumothorax venting device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the grab handle is cylindrical, and two ends of the grab handle are provided with raised slices.

3. A portable pneumothorax venting device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the non-woven fabric enables the glycerin to contact with the bottom end of the pipe body and the bottom end of the cover.

4. A portable pneumothorax venting device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the addition amount of the glycerol in the tube body is as follows: the pipe body inclines at 45 degrees, and the liquid level of the glycerol is 1-2mm higher than the highest point of the non-woven fabric at the bottom layer.

5. A portable pneumothorax venting device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the needle sleeve is gradually increased from the head end to the tail end.

6. A use method of a portable pneumothorax exhaust device is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) sterilizing the chest of the pneumothorax of the patient;

(2) the circular tube at the lower end of the tube body of the liquid seal tube is fixedly butted with the joint of the plastic hose of the needle sleeve;

(3) the grab handle of the needle core and the sleeve of the needle sleeve are held to place the end of the needle sleeve into the pleural cavity;

(4) after the pillowcase is fixed, the needle core is drawn out, and then the liquid seal tube cover is fixed upwards.

7. The method of using a portable pneumothorax vent device as recited in claim 5, further comprising: the operation method of the step (3) is the same as the operation method of the venous indwelling needle.

Images