CN111772581A - High-sensitivity photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode imaging device and method based on double-curvature linear array detector - Google Patents
High-sensitivity photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode imaging device and method based on double-curvature linear array detectorDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光声/超声双模式阵列成像技术及装置领域，具体涉及一种基于双曲率线阵探测器的高灵敏度光声/超声双模式成像装置及方法。The invention relates to the field of photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode array imaging technology and device, in particular to a high-sensitivity photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode imaging device and method based on a double-curvature linear array detector.
背景技术Background technique
光声成像技术是指当脉冲激光照射到生物的组织中时，组织中的光吸收区域将产生机械波，称这种由光激发产生的超声信号为光声信号，光声信号以球面波的形式向周围传播，作用在超声探测器的表面进而被转换成电信号接收。生物组织中的光吸收介质快速升温膨胀产生的光声信号携带了组织的光吸收特征信息，通过探测光声信号能重建出组织中的光吸收分布图像。光声成像同时具有光学成像高分辨率和特异性以及声学穿透深度的优点，由于不同组成成分的生物组织对光有不同程度的吸收，由此为对比机制，可以获得生物体的化学组分及生理功能信息。现有的光声成像技术已被证明适用于不同部位肿瘤的早期诊断、肿瘤分级中引导前哨淋巴结活检、血管内易损斑块探测等一系列生物医学应用。Photoacoustic imaging technology means that when the pulsed laser is irradiated into the biological tissue, the light absorption area in the tissue will generate mechanical waves, and the ultrasonic signal generated by the optical excitation is called the photoacoustic signal, and the photoacoustic signal is in the form of a spherical wave. It propagates to the surroundings, acts on the surface of the ultrasonic probe and is converted into electrical signals for reception. The photoacoustic signal generated by the rapid heating and expansion of the light absorbing medium in the biological tissue carries the light absorption characteristic information of the tissue, and the light absorption distribution image in the tissue can be reconstructed by detecting the photoacoustic signal. Photoacoustic imaging has the advantages of high resolution and specificity of optical imaging, as well as the depth of acoustic penetration. Since biological tissues with different compositions absorb light to different degrees, this is a contrast mechanism, and the chemical composition of the organism can be obtained. and physiological function information. Existing photoacoustic imaging techniques have been proven to be suitable for a series of biomedical applications such as early diagnosis of tumors at different sites, guided sentinel lymph node biopsy in tumor grading, and detection of intravascular vulnerable plaques.
超声成像技术是指当高幅值电信号作用在超声阵列单元上，超声阵列通过压电效应向外界发射声束，声波在生物组织内不同声阻抗介质界面会发生反射、透射及散射，超声阵列此时通过逆压电效应接收反射回来的超声信号，依据反射回来的超声信号相位差异提取组织信息。超声成像因生物组织对超声波衰减较小而具有深穿透特性的优点，可以得到生物组织的边界信息。Ultrasound imaging technology refers to that when a high-amplitude electrical signal acts on the ultrasonic array unit, the ultrasonic array emits a sound beam to the outside world through the piezoelectric effect, and the sound wave will reflect, transmit and scatter at the interface of different acoustic impedance media in biological tissue. At this time, the reflected ultrasonic signal is received through the inverse piezoelectric effect, and the tissue information is extracted according to the phase difference of the reflected ultrasonic signal. Ultrasound imaging has the advantage of deep penetration because biological tissue has less attenuation of ultrasonic waves, and can obtain boundary information of biological tissue.
混合光声/超声双模式成像技术已在医学成像领域逐步发展中，双模式成像可以进行优势互补，增加成像信息的真实性。传统上在现有超声成像设备的手持式探头基础上直接进行激光发光耦合，进行实时光声/超声双模式断层成像。专利号CN 105167747B“一种手持式光声成像探头”中提及以直线型排列的超声探测器作为发射和接收超声装置，由于光声信号以球面波的形式向周围辐射，光吸收体到探测器不同阵元的距离差异大，就会造成接收到的光声信号幅值波动差异大，且光声波面法线与探测器阵元法线夹角较大，所以线阵探测器接收光声信号的灵敏度变差。Hybrid photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode imaging technology has been gradually developed in the field of medical imaging. Dual-mode imaging can complement each other's advantages and increase the authenticity of imaging information. Traditionally, laser light-emitting coupling is directly performed on the basis of the handheld probe of the existing ultrasound imaging equipment, and real-time photoacoustic/ultrasound dual-mode tomography is performed. Patent No. CN 105167747B "A Handheld Photoacoustic Imaging Probe" mentions that the ultrasonic probes arranged in a straight line are used as the transmitting and receiving ultrasonic devices. If the distance difference between different array elements of the detector is large, the amplitude fluctuation of the received photoacoustic signal will vary greatly, and the angle between the normal line of the photoacoustic wave surface and the normal line of the detector array element is large, so the linear array detector receives the photoacoustic signal. The sensitivity of the signal deteriorates.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的主要目的在于克服现有技术的缺点与不足，提供一种基于双曲率线阵探测器的高灵敏度光声/超声双模式成像装置及方法，对于光声成像模式，增加了各阵元接收光声信号的灵敏度；对于超声成像模式，增加了接收超声反射回波信号的灵敏度。The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a high-sensitivity photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode imaging device and method based on a double-curvature linear array detector. For the photoacoustic imaging mode, each array element is added. Sensitivity to receive photoacoustic signals; for ultrasound imaging mode, increased sensitivity to receive ultrasound reflected echo signals.
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
本发明提供的一种基于双曲率线阵探测器的高灵敏度光声/超声双模式成像装置，包括光声激发系统、双曲率线阵探测系统、光声/超声双模式采集系统、超声与回波接收系统、信号处理系统、控制系统、图像重建及显示系统；The invention provides a high-sensitivity photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode imaging device based on a double-curvature linear array detector, including a photoacoustic excitation system, a double-curvature linear array detection system, a photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode acquisition system, an ultrasound and echo Wave receiving system, signal processing system, control system, image reconstruction and display system;
所述光声激发系统包括脉冲激光器、分束镜及透镜组系统，所述脉冲激光器出光口、分束镜及透镜组系统顺序同轴连接；所述分束镜将脉冲激光器出射的高斯光按照设定的光强比例分为两束光，一束用于光声激发，另一束则提供外触发采集信号；The photoacoustic excitation system includes a pulsed laser, a beam splitter and a lens group system, and the pulsed laser light exit port, the beam splitter and the lens group system are sequentially connected coaxially; The set light intensity ratio is divided into two beams, one for photoacoustic excitation, and the other for external trigger acquisition signal;
所述双曲率线阵探测系统包括双曲率线阵探测器、一分为二型光纤束、柱面透镜及探测器夹具，所述探测器夹具将双曲率线阵探测器、一分为二型光纤束及柱面透镜三者配合在一起，所述一分为二型光纤束出口端及柱面透镜保持同轴且各出口端与双曲率线阵探测器成锐角分布在其两侧；The double-curvature linear array detection system includes a double-curvature linear array detector, a two-type optical fiber bundle, a cylindrical lens and a detector fixture, and the detector fixture divides the double-curvature linear array detector into two types. The optical fiber bundle and the cylindrical lens are matched together, and the exit end of the one-divided-type optical fiber bundle and the cylindrical lens are kept coaxial, and each exit end and the double-curvature linear array detector are distributed on both sides thereof at an acute angle;
所述双曲率线阵探测器构成双圆弧结构，用于双聚焦声场，该双曲率线阵探测器包括超声换能器外壳、压电材料制成的多路阵元、匹配层、背衬及信号线；The double-curvature linear array detector forms a double-arc structure and is used for a double-focusing sound field. The double-curvature linear array detector includes an ultrasonic transducer shell, a multi-path array element made of piezoelectric material, a matching layer, and a backing. and signal lines;
所述超声换能器外壳用于屏蔽电磁，减小外界噪声对输入/输出信号的干扰；The ultrasonic transducer shell is used for shielding electromagnetic and reducing the interference of external noise on input/output signals;
所述匹配层用于进行声阻抗匹配，提高声能的传输效率，使超声波更多的传递到压电材料上；The matching layer is used for acoustic impedance matching to improve the transmission efficiency of acoustic energy, so that more ultrasonic waves are transmitted to the piezoelectric material;
所述背衬块用于消除后向干扰，减小压电材料的震荡时间，实现窄脉冲，提高纵向分辨力；The backing block is used to eliminate backward interference, reduce the oscillation time of the piezoelectric material, realize narrow pulses, and improve the longitudinal resolution;
所述信号线一端连接超声换能器，另一端增加连接多通道预放电路的接口；One end of the signal line is connected to the ultrasonic transducer, and the other end is connected to the multi-channel preamplifier circuit;
所述光声/超声双模式采集系统包括光电探测器、多通道预放电路、多路并行采集卡、信号处理控制模块以及时分复用电路；所述光电探测器、信号处理控制模块、时分复用电路均与多路并行采集卡连接，多路并行采集卡与多通道预放电路连接；所述多通道预放电路与双曲率线阵探测系统连接，所述光电探测器还与分束镜连接；The photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode acquisition system includes a photodetector, a multi-channel preamplifier circuit, a multi-channel parallel acquisition card, a signal processing control module and a time division multiplexing circuit; the photodetector, the signal processing control module, the time division multiplexer The multi-channel parallel acquisition card is connected with the multi-channel parallel acquisition card, and the multi-channel parallel acquisition card is connected with the multi-channel pre-amplifier circuit; the multi-channel pre-amplifier circuit is connected with the double-curvature linear array detection system, and the photodetector is also connected with the beam splitter connect;
所述图像重建及显示系统与多通道采集卡连接，基于信号增强的延时叠加算法调用采集卡采到的数据重建图像实时显示。The image reconstruction and display system is connected with a multi-channel acquisition card, and a delayed superposition algorithm based on signal enhancement is used to call the data acquired by the acquisition card to reconstruct the image for real-time display.
作为优选的技术方案，所述透镜组系统包括匀化片、凸透镜及凹透镜，匀化片位于分束镜的后端，对高斯光进行均匀化处理，后同轴连接凸透镜及凹透镜，两者对高斯光进行整形缩束。As a preferred technical solution, the lens group system includes a homogenizing sheet, a convex lens and a concave lens. The homogenizing sheet is located at the rear end of the beam splitter to homogenize the Gaussian light, and then the convex lens and the concave lens are coaxially connected. Gaussian beams are shaped and reduced.
作为优选的技术方案，所述双曲率线阵探测器由64、128或者256个单阵元组成，＜10MHz主频，带宽>80％，阵元间距低于探测超声中心波长的一半，阵元长度以及宽度在单阵元接收信号灵敏度和侧向分辨率两因素下进行折中，灵敏度与单阵元表面积呈正相关，侧向分辨率与阵元长度呈负相关。As a preferred technical solution, the double-curvature linear array detector consists of 64, 128 or 256 single array elements, the main frequency is less than 10MHz, the bandwidth is >80%, and the distance between the array elements is less than half of the central wavelength of the detected ultrasonic waves. The length and width are compromised under the two factors of single-array element receiving signal sensitivity and lateral resolution. The sensitivity is positively correlated with the single-array element surface area, and the lateral resolution is negatively correlated with the array element length.
作为优选的技术方案，所述双曲率线阵探测器从长轴方向上看，是一个聚焦角度α，半径R1的圆弧，从短轴方向上看，是一个聚焦角度β，半径R2的圆弧；当R1＝R2时，双曲率线阵探测器有一个聚焦点，灵敏度以聚焦点为中心向发散式降低，当R1≠R2时，双曲率线阵探测器有两个聚焦点，灵敏度在两焦点距离段内保持平稳；光声信号以球面波的形式向周围传播，波面与阵元法线的夹角为θ，光吸收体到中心阵元的距离为r1,到边缘阵元的距离为r2；入射角θ和距离差|r2-r1|越小，探测器接收信号的灵敏度越高。As a preferred technical solution, the double-curvature linear array detector is a circular arc with a focusing angle α and a radius R1 when viewed from the long axis direction, and a focusing angle β with a radius R2 when viewed from the short axis direction. When R1 =R2 , the double-curvature linear array detector has a focus point, and the sensitivity decreases divergently with the focus point as the center. When R1 ≠R2 , the double-curvature linear array detector has two There are two focusing points, and the sensitivity remains stable within the distance between the two focal points; the photoacoustic signal propagates around in the form of spherical waves, the angle between the wave surface and the normal of the array element is θ, and the distance from the light absorber to the central array element is r1 , the distance to the edge array element is r2 ; the smaller the incident angle θ and the distance difference |r2 -r1 |, the higher the sensitivity of the detector to receive signals.
作为优选的技术方案，所述超声换能器外壳由铝合金材料制成,信号线采用50pF同轴线，用于屏蔽外来信号的干扰。As a preferred technical solution, the ultrasonic transducer shell is made of aluminum alloy material, and the signal line adopts 50pF coaxial line, which is used to shield the interference of external signals.
作为优选的技术方案，所述多通道预放电路的放大倍数为23dB，达到放大信号且抑制噪声的目的；所述多路并行采集卡具有三级可调放大功能，总放大倍数51dB；外触发输入端口trigger-in，用于接收外触发信号。As a preferred technical solution, the multi-channel pre-amplifier circuit has an amplification factor of 23dB, which achieves the purpose of amplifying signals and suppressing noise; the multi-channel parallel capture card has a three-stage adjustable amplification function, with a total amplification factor of 51dB; external triggering Input port trigger-in, used to receive external trigger signal.
作为优选的技术方案，所述信号处理控制模块包括信号处理模块和信号控制模块，所述信号处理模块用于对回波信号动态滤波与包络检波、对数压缩和动态范围变换、以及数字图像处理；所述信号控制模块用于产生超声扫查的基本时序、控制前端超声模式、通道增益和计算机的通信。As a preferred technical solution, the signal processing control module includes a signal processing module and a signal control module, and the signal processing module is used for dynamic filtering and envelope detection of echo signals, logarithmic compression and dynamic range transformation, and digital images. processing; the signal control module is used for generating the basic sequence of ultrasonic scanning, controlling the front-end ultrasonic mode, channel gain and communication with the computer.
作为优选的技术方案，所述的时分复用电路控制光声/超声断层数据采集的时序，在一个脉冲光时间段中，多路采集卡完成双模式断层数据的采集。As a preferred technical solution, the time division multiplexing circuit controls the sequence of photoacoustic/ultrasonic tomographic data acquisition, and in a pulsed light time period, the multi-channel acquisition card completes the acquisition of dual-mode tomographic data.
本发明还提供了一种基于双曲率线阵探测器的高灵敏度光声/超声双模式成像方法，包括下述步骤：The present invention also provides a high-sensitivity photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode imaging method based on a double-curvature linear array detector, comprising the following steps:
(1)激光器出射的脉冲光经过分束镜后按照一定的比例分为两束光，光能量占比小的一束高斯光被光电二极管接收，转化成电信号用于触发采集卡开始采集信号；光能量占比大的一束高斯光经过匀化片均匀化处理后传输到透镜组系统，经过缩束后耦合进线型排列一分为二型光纤束中；光纤束出射的两线型光斑经过柱透镜进一步聚焦后，以一定的夹角在双曲率线阵探测器中心轴下实现重合，用于光声信号的激发；(1) The pulsed light emitted by the laser is divided into two beams of light according to a certain proportion after passing through the beam splitter. The Gaussian beam with a small proportion of light energy is received by the photodiode and converted into an electrical signal to trigger the acquisition card to start collecting signals. ; A beam of Gaussian light with a large proportion of light energy is homogenized by a homogenizer and transmitted to the lens group system, and then coupled into a linear arrangement and divided into two types of fiber bundles after beam reduction; After the light spot is further focused by the cylindrical lens, it overlaps with a certain angle under the central axis of the double-curvature linear array detector, which is used for the excitation of photoacoustic signals;
(2)在一个光脉冲内，时分复用电路首先控制探测器处于接收模式，在光信号上升沿时，多通道采集卡开始采集光声信号，因双曲率探测器与光声球面波自适应匹配，致使采集卡采集到的光声信号强度分布均匀，待到采集卡采集完一帧光声信号后，时分复用电路再控制探测器处于发射/接收模式，在信号控制模块内部时钟信号的上升沿的触发下，双曲率线阵探测器合成孔径发射超声以及全孔径接收反射回波超声信号，多通道采集卡进行采集回波信号；(2) In an optical pulse, the time-division multiplexing circuit first controls the detector to be in the receiving mode. At the rising edge of the optical signal, the multi-channel acquisition card starts to collect the photoacoustic signal. Because the double curvature detector is adaptive to the photoacoustic spherical wave The matching makes the intensity distribution of the photoacoustic signal collected by the acquisition card uniform. After the acquisition card collects a frame of photoacoustic signal, the time division multiplexing circuit controls the detector to be in transmit/receive mode. Triggered by the rising edge, the synthetic aperture of the double-curvature linear array detector transmits ultrasound and the full aperture receives the reflected echo ultrasound signal, and the multi-channel acquisition card collects the echo signal;
(3)采集的一帧光声断层数据与超声断层数据在基于信号相干增强且GPU加速的重建算法中反演重建并且实时显示出来。(3) A frame of acquired photoacoustic tomographic data and ultrasonic tomographic data are inverted and reconstructed in a reconstruction algorithm based on signal coherence enhancement and GPU acceleration and displayed in real time.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下优点和有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1)本发明以双弧形阵列探测器作为发射超声和接收超声装置，相比于直线型阵列探测器而言，在光声成像模式，曲面形式的阵列探测器与光声球面波达到自适应匹配的效果，减小了光声信号源到不同阵元的距离差以及光声波面法线与阵元法线的夹角，增加了阵元接收光声信号的灵敏度。在超声成像模式，减小了反射超声波面法线与阵元法线的夹角，增加了阵元接收超声信号的灵敏度。(1) The present invention uses a double-arc array detector as the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving ultrasonic device. Compared with the linear array detector, in the photoacoustic imaging mode, the curved array detector and the photoacoustic spherical wave can achieve self-confidence. The effect of adaptive matching reduces the distance difference between the photoacoustic signal source and different array elements and the angle between the normal line of the photoacoustic wave surface and the normal line of the array element, and increases the sensitivity of the array element to receive the photoacoustic signal. In the ultrasonic imaging mode, the angle between the normal of the reflected ultrasonic surface and the normal of the array element is reduced, and the sensitivity of the array element to receive ultrasonic signals is increased.
(2)本发明中超声探测器以线型方式排列，相比于面型排列，在制作工艺、成本以及整体双模式成像系统简单化。(2) In the present invention, the ultrasonic detectors are arranged in a linear manner. Compared with the planar arrangement, the manufacturing process, cost, and overall dual-mode imaging system are simplified.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实例中的基于双曲率线阵探测器的高灵敏度光声/超声双模式成像结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-sensitivity photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode imaging based on a double-curvature linear array detector in an example of the present invention.
图2是本发明实例中双曲率线阵探测器结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-curvature linear array detector in an example of the present invention.
图3(a)是本发明实例中双曲率线阵探测器长轴方向上的声场分布图。Figure 3(a) is a diagram of the sound field distribution in the long axis direction of the double-curvature linear array detector in the example of the present invention.
图3(b)是本发明实例中双曲率线阵探测器短轴方向上的声场分布图。Fig. 3(b) is the sound field distribution diagram in the short axis direction of the double-curvature linear array detector in the example of the present invention.
图4(a)是本发明实例中对模拟血管进行光声断层成像。FIG. 4( a ) is a photoacoustic tomography of a simulated blood vessel in an example of the present invention.
图4(b)是本发明实例中对模拟血管进行超声断层成像。Fig. 4(b) is an ultrasound tomography of a simulated blood vessel in an example of the present invention.
附图标号说明：1为OPO脉冲激光器，2为分束镜，3为透镜组系统，4为双曲率线阵探测系统，4-1为一分为二型光纤束，4-2为双曲率线阵探测器，4-3为柱面透镜，4-4为线型光斑，4-5为聚焦声场，5为128路预放电路，6为时分复用电路，7为信号处理控制模块，8为128通道采集卡，9为光电探测器，10为图像重建及显示系统。Reference number description: 1 is an OPO pulsed laser, 2 is a beam splitter, 3 is a lens group system, 4 is a double-curvature linear array detection system, 4-1 is a split into two fiber bundles, and 4-2 is a double curvature Linear array detector, 4-3 is a cylindrical lens, 4-4 is a linear light spot, 4-5 is a focused sound field, 5 is a 128-channel preamplifier circuit, 6 is a time division multiplexing circuit, 7 is a signal processing control module, 8 is a 128-channel acquisition card, 9 is a photodetector, and 10 is an image reconstruction and display system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
实施例Example
如图1所示，本实施例基于双曲率线阵探测器的高灵敏度光声/超声双模式成像装置包括光声激发系统、双曲率线阵探测系统、光声/超声双模式采集系统、超声与回波接收系统、信号处理系统、控制系统、图像重建及显示系统。对于光声成像模式，使用双曲率线阵探测器接收光声球面波，可使两者达到自适应匹配的效果，对处于探测器焦区范围内的光声信号源，其到达同一个阵元面或者不同阵元之间的时间差达到最小，从而增加探测器接收光声信号的灵敏度，提高光声断层图像的信噪比。对于超声成像模式，采用同一探测器通过合成孔径发射超声及全孔径接收超声的方式进行超声断层成像，同理超声反射波面法线与各阵元法线的夹角最小，进而也增加探测器接收超声信号的灵敏度。光声断层成像能够特异性识别组织成分，超声断层成像能够识别组织边界，双模式成像方法达到优势互补的目的。该系统装置包括光声激发系统，双曲率线阵探测系统，光声/超声采集系统，图像重建及显示系统，可实现高灵敏光声/超声双模式的同时成像。As shown in FIG. 1 , the high-sensitivity photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode imaging device based on a double-curvature linear array detector in this embodiment includes a photoacoustic excitation system, a double-curvature linear array detection system, a photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode acquisition system, an ultrasound And echo receiving system, signal processing system, control system, image reconstruction and display system. For the photoacoustic imaging mode, using a double-curvature linear array detector to receive the photoacoustic spherical wave can achieve the effect of adaptive matching between the two. The time difference between surfaces or different array elements is minimized, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the detector to receive photoacoustic signals and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of photoacoustic tomographic images. For the ultrasound imaging mode, the same detector is used to transmit ultrasound through the synthetic aperture and receive ultrasound through the full aperture to perform ultrasound tomography. Similarly, the angle between the normal line of the ultrasonic reflection wave surface and the normal line of each array element is the smallest, which increases the detection rate of the detector. Sensitivity of the ultrasound signal. Photoacoustic tomography can specifically identify tissue components, ultrasound tomography can identify tissue boundaries, and dual-mode imaging methods achieve complementary advantages. The system device includes a photoacoustic excitation system, a double-curvature linear array detection system, a photoacoustic/ultrasonic acquisition system, an image reconstruction and display system, and can achieve high-sensitivity photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode simultaneous imaging.
使用双曲率线阵探测器接收球面波形式的光声信号，减小了光吸收体(光声信号源)与不同阵元间的距离差及光声波面与阵元法线的夹角。The double curvature linear array detector is used to receive the photoacoustic signal in the form of spherical wave, which reduces the distance difference between the optical absorber (photoacoustic signal source) and different array elements and the angle between the photoacoustic wave surface and the normal line of the array element.
所述双曲率线阵探测器构成双圆弧结构，用于双聚焦声场4-5，该双曲率线阵探测器包括超声换能器外壳、压电材料制成的多路阵元、匹配层、背衬及信号线；The double-curvature linear array detector constitutes a double-arc structure and is used for double-focusing sound fields 4-5. The double-curvature linear array detector includes an ultrasonic transducer shell, a multi-path array element made of piezoelectric material, and a matching layer. , backing and signal lines;
因素一：光声信号源与阵元间的距离对探测器接收信号灵敏度的影响。Factor 1: The influence of the distance between the photoacoustic signal source and the array element on the sensitivity of the detector to receive signals.
假设光声信号源S初始声压p0，在位置(x，y，z)处向四周辐射球面波，超声探测器在位置(x1，y1，z1)处接收光声信号，则波的传播形式是：p0exp(ikar)/r，其中
由上可知，探测器接收信号灵敏度与光声信号源到阵元间的距离成负相关。双曲率线阵探测器减小了不同阵元到信号源的距离差，从而提高了探测器接收光声信号的灵敏度。It can be seen from the above that the sensitivity of the received signal of the detector is negatively correlated with the distance between the photoacoustic signal source and the array element. The double-curvature linear array detector reduces the distance difference between different array elements and the signal source, thereby improving the sensitivity of the detector to receive photoacoustic signals.
因素二：光声波与阵元法线的夹角，即入射角对探测器接收信号灵敏的影响。假设单个阵元的面积为S0，光声信号与阵元法线的夹角为θ，则有效接收面积S＝S0cosθ,球面波形式的光声信号与双曲率线阵探测器自适应匹配，入射夹角θ减小，有效接收面积增大，从而增加探测器接收信号的灵敏度。Factor 2: The angle between the photoacoustic wave and the normal line of the array element, that is, the influence of the incident angle on the sensitivity of the received signal of the detector. Assuming that the area of a single array element is S0 , and the angle between the photoacoustic signal and the normal line of the array element is θ, the effective receiving area S = S0 cos θ, the photoacoustic signal in the form of spherical wave is adaptive to the double-curvature linear array detector Matching, the incident angle θ decreases, and the effective receiving area increases, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the detector to receive signals.
基于双曲率线阵探测器的高灵敏度光声/超声双模式成像方法，其特征在于使用双曲率线阵探测器采用合成孔径发射超声及全孔径接收超声的方式进行超声断层成像。同样地减小了超声反射波面法线与各阵元法线的夹角，从而增加探测器接收超声信号的灵敏度。The high-sensitivity photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode imaging method based on the double-curvature linear array detector is characterized in that the double-curvature linear array detector is used for ultrasonic tomography imaging by means of synthetic aperture transmitting ultrasound and full aperture receiving ultrasound. Similarly, the angle between the normal line of the ultrasonic reflection wave surface and the normal line of each array element is reduced, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the detector to receive ultrasonic signals.
基于双曲率线阵探测器的高灵敏度光声/超声双模式成像方法，其特征在于时分复用电路控制光声/超声断层数据采集的时序，在一个脉冲光时间中，多路采集卡完成双模式断层数据的采集。光声断层成像能够特异性识别组织成分，超声断层成像能够识别组织边界，双模式成像方法达到优势互补的目的。A high-sensitivity photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode imaging method based on a double-curvature linear array detector is characterized in that the time division multiplexing circuit controls the sequence of photoacoustic/ultrasonic tomographic data acquisition. Acquisition of pattern tomographic data. Photoacoustic tomography can specifically identify tissue components, ultrasound tomography can identify tissue boundaries, and dual-mode imaging methods achieve complementary advantages.
更进一步的，光声激发系统：OPO脉冲激光器1出射1064nm/光斑直径大小6mm的高斯光束，分束镜2将此高斯光束按照光强比列95％：5％分为两束，光强5％的光束被光电探测器9接收作为采集卡触发采集信号，光强95％的光束经过由匀化片、平凸透镜及平凹透镜组成的透镜组系统中，首先匀化片将高斯光进行均匀化处理，然后焦距50mm的平凸透镜及焦距-30mm的平凹透镜将匀化后的高斯光缩小至3.6mm大小，耦合进入口端大小为3.8mm的光纤束4-1中，这里匀化片、平凸透镜，平凹透镜及光纤束入口端保持同轴。Further, photoacoustic excitation system: OPO pulsed
更进一步的，所述双曲率线阵探测系统包括一分为二型光纤束4-1，双曲率线阵探测器4-2，柱面透镜4-3。光纤束出光端口出射的光束经过柱面透镜后实现短轴方向上的聚焦，在距离双曲率线阵探测器中心点50mm相交成矩形光斑，实现声焦点与光焦点重合。Further, the double-curvature linear array detection system includes a split-two-type optical fiber bundle 4-1, a double-curvature linear array detector 4-2, and a cylindrical lens 4-3. The light beam emitted from the light exit port of the fiber bundle is focused in the short-axis direction after passing through the cylindrical lens, and intersects to form a rectangular light spot at a distance of 50mm from the center point of the double-curvature linear array detector, realizing the coincidence of the acoustic focus and the optical focus.
更进一步的，所述超声信号采集系统：光电探测器9将接收到的光脉冲转变成电脉冲传输到128通路采集卡8trigger-in端触发其开始采集断层数据，时分复用电路6控制光声/超声双模式采集时序，双曲率线阵探测器系统4接收到的超声信号经过128路预放电路5处理后传输到128通路采集卡8中，信号处理及控制模块7可以优化采集到的数据。Further, the ultrasonic signal acquisition system: the
更进一步的，所述图像重建及显示系统10：计算机中基于信号增强的延时叠加算法调用采集卡采到的数据重建图像实时显示。本实施例中，所述图像重建及显示系统包括在Matlab软件中编写的基于信号相干增强延时叠加重建算法配合在CUDA用C++编写的GPU并行计算程序实现光声/超声双模式实时断层成像。Furthermore, in the image reconstruction and
如图2所示，本实施例的双曲率线阵探测器4-2的结构图。双曲率线阵探测器由128单阵元组成，主频5MHz，带宽>80％，单阵元宽度为0.5mm，高度为10mm，阵元间距为0.61mm。整个探测器从长轴方向(x-z面)上看，是一个角度为90°半径50mm的圆弧，从短轴方向上(y-z面)看，是一个角度11°半径50mm的圆弧，双聚焦结构与光声球面波达到自适应匹配的效果，增加接收信号的灵敏度。As shown in FIG. 2 , the structure diagram of the double-curvature linear array detector 4-2 in this embodiment. The double-curvature linear array detector consists of 128 single-array elements, the main frequency is 5MHz, the bandwidth is >80%, the single-array element width is 0.5mm, the height is 10mm, and the array element spacing is 0.61mm. Viewed from the long axis direction (x-z plane), the entire detector is an arc with an angle of 90° and a radius of 50mm. Viewed from the short axis direction (y-z plane), it is an arc with an angle of 11° and a radius of 50mm. Double focusing The structure and the photoacoustic spherical wave achieve the effect of adaptive matching, which increases the sensitivity of the received signal.
如图3所示，本实施例的双曲率线阵探测器在长轴(a图)和短轴(b图)两方向上的声场分布。在深度50mm处实现双聚焦的效果，提高探测器接收信号灵敏度的同时，提高空间分辨率。As shown in FIG. 3 , the sound field distribution of the double-curvature linear array detector in the present embodiment in the long axis (figure a) and the short axis (figure b) directions. The effect of double focusing is achieved at a depth of 50mm, which improves the sensitivity of the detector to receive signals and improves the spatial resolution.
本实施例基于双曲率线阵探测器的高灵敏度光声/超声双模式成像方法，包括下述步骤：The high-sensitivity photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode imaging method based on the double-curvature linear array detector in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1)激光器出射的脉冲光经过分束镜后按照一定的比例分为两束光，光能量占比小的一束高斯光被光电二极管接收，转化成电信号用于触发采集卡开始采集信号；光能量占比大的一束高斯光经过匀化片均匀化处理后传输到透镜组系统，经过缩束后耦合进线型排列一分为二型光纤束中；光纤束出射的两线型光斑经过柱透镜进一步聚焦后，以一定的夹角在双曲率线阵探测器中心轴下实现重合，用于光声信号的激发；(1) The pulsed light emitted by the laser is divided into two beams of light according to a certain proportion after passing through the beam splitter. The Gaussian beam with a small proportion of light energy is received by the photodiode and converted into an electrical signal to trigger the acquisition card to start collecting signals. ; A beam of Gaussian light with a large proportion of light energy is homogenized by a homogenizer and transmitted to the lens group system, and then coupled into a linear arrangement and divided into two types of fiber bundles after beam reduction; After the light spot is further focused by the cylindrical lens, it overlaps with a certain angle under the central axis of the double-curvature linear array detector, which is used for the excitation of photoacoustic signals;
(2)在一个光脉冲内，时分复用电路首先控制探测器处于接收模式，在光信号上升沿时，多通道采集卡开始采集光声信号，因双曲率探测器与光声球面波自适应匹配，致使采集卡采集到的光声信号强度分布均匀，待到采集卡采集完一帧光声信号后，时分复用电路再控制探测器处于发射/接收模式，在信号控制模块内部时钟信号的上升沿的触发下，双曲率线阵探测器合成孔径发射超声以及全孔径接收反射回波超声信号，多通道采集卡进行采集回波信号；(2) In an optical pulse, the time-division multiplexing circuit first controls the detector to be in the receiving mode. At the rising edge of the optical signal, the multi-channel acquisition card starts to collect the photoacoustic signal. Because the double curvature detector is adaptive to the photoacoustic spherical wave The matching makes the intensity distribution of the photoacoustic signal collected by the acquisition card uniform. After the acquisition card collects a frame of photoacoustic signal, the time division multiplexing circuit controls the detector to be in transmit/receive mode. Triggered by the rising edge, the synthetic aperture of the double-curvature linear array detector transmits ultrasound and the full aperture receives the reflected echo ultrasound signal, and the multi-channel acquisition card collects the echo signal;
采集的一帧光声断层数据与超声断层数据在基于信号相干增强且GPU加速的重建算法中反演重建并且实时显示出来。A frame of acquired photoacoustic tomographic data and ultrasonic tomographic data are inverted and reconstructed in a reconstruction algorithm based on signal coherence enhancement and accelerated by GPU and displayed in real time.
如图4所示，本实施例对模拟血管进行光声/超声双模式成像步骤：As shown in FIG. 4 , in this embodiment, the photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-mode imaging steps are performed on the simulated blood vessel:
(1)将兔子血液注入到外径1mm，内径0.5mm的硅胶管中用于模拟离体血管，将两模拟血管紧贴在耦合槽中，以水为耦合介质，并在模拟血管上覆盖一层鸡胸肉(约20mm厚)作为散射介质。(1) The rabbit blood was injected into a silicone tube with an outer diameter of 1 mm and an inner diameter of 0.5 mm to simulate isolated blood vessels. The two simulated blood vessels were tightly attached to the coupling groove, using water as the coupling medium, and covered the simulated blood vessels with a Layer chicken breast (about 20mm thick) as scattering medium.
(2)脉冲激光器出射1064nm脉冲光，经过分束镜分为两束光，光强5％的一束入射到光电探测器上，另光强95％的一束经过透镜组系统缩束后耦合进光纤束中，两光纤束出口端出射的光经过柱透镜后聚焦成线性光斑4-4。光纤束、柱透镜及双曲率超声探测器三者通过树脂材料的外壳配合在一起，夹角60°的两线性光斑在距离换能器中心轴50mm重叠相交成矩形光斑。(2) The pulsed laser emits 1064nm pulsed light, which is divided into two beams by a beam splitter. One beam with a light intensity of 5% is incident on the photodetector, and the other beam with a light intensity of 95% is coupled by the lens group system after reducing the beam. Into the optical fiber bundle, the light emitted from the exit ends of the two optical fiber bundles is focused into a linear light spot 4-4 after passing through the cylindrical lens. The optical fiber bundle, the cylindrical lens and the double-curvature ultrasonic detector are matched together by the resin material shell, and the two linear light spots with an included angle of 60° overlap and intersect to form a rectangular light spot at a distance of 50 mm from the central axis of the transducer.
(3)光电探测器将接收到OPO出射的少量脉冲光转换为电信号输入到采集卡trigger-in端，时分复用电路控制超声换能器处于接收模式下，并在电信号的上升沿触发开始采集光声数据。采集完成一帧光声断层数据后，在同一光脉冲内，时分复用电路中又控制超声换能器处于发射/接收超声模式，合成孔径发射超声，全孔径接收反射回来的超声数据。(3) The photodetector converts a small amount of pulsed light received from the OPO into an electrical signal and inputs it to the trigger-in end of the acquisition card. The time division multiplexing circuit controls the ultrasonic transducer to be in the receiving mode and triggers on the rising edge of the electrical signal. Start collecting photoacoustic data. After collecting a frame of photoacoustic tomography data, within the same optical pulse, the time division multiplexing circuit controls the ultrasonic transducer to be in the transmit/receive ultrasonic mode, the synthetic aperture transmits ultrasonic, and the full aperture receives the reflected ultrasonic data.
(4)采集到的双模式数据在基于信号相干增强的延时叠加算法中重建成图，实时显示。(4) The collected dual-mode data is reconstructed into a map in the delay stacking algorithm based on signal coherence enhancement, and displayed in real time.
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内The above-mentioned embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, Simplified, all should be equivalent replacement methods, all included within the protection scope of the present invention
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, The simplification should be equivalent replacement manners, which are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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