CN111631732A - System and method for simultaneous monitoring of muscle tissue blood oxygen parameters and skin surface pressure - Google Patents
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及生物信号检测领域，特别涉及一种用于同步监测肌肉组织血氧参数和皮肤表面压力的系统和方法。The invention relates to the field of biological signal detection, in particular to a system and method for synchronously monitoring muscle tissue blood oxygen parameters and skin surface pressure.
背景技术Background technique
一些由于肢体运动功能障碍而长期卧床或坐轮椅的老年人、穿戴假肢的残疾人，他们臀部、残肢等部位与床、轮椅、假肢接受腔等辅具长期接触并受到较大的压力，使得皮肤与辅具接触部位容易产生压疮、破损、皮炎等皮肤问题。Some elderly people who have been bedridden or wheelchair-bound for a long time due to limb motor dysfunction, and disabled people wearing prosthetic limbs, their buttocks, residual limbs and other parts have long-term contact with bed, wheelchair, prosthetic sockets and other auxiliary equipment and are subject to greater pressure, causing Skin problems such as pressure sores, breakage, and dermatitis are prone to occur at the contact area between the skin and the assistive device.
在设计辅具时，通过优化辅具界面设计来避免局部压力过大，可以一定程度上预防或减少该类问题的发生。之前存在一些压疮防护方面的专利申请，例如“一种神经内科用防压疮智能防护服”(CN201910511502.3)、“一种具有压力报警功能的压疮预防垫”(CN201920316996.5)、“一种压疮预防短裤”(CN201910450750.1)等，在这些专利申请的方案中，均是利用压力传感器监测受压部位的压力，并且通过结构设计达到降低局部压力的目的。When designing assistive devices, by optimizing the interface design of the assistive device to avoid excessive local pressure, the occurrence of such problems can be prevented or reduced to a certain extent. There are some patent applications on pressure ulcer protection before, such as "An intelligent protective clothing for preventing pressure ulcers for neurology" (CN201910511502.3), "A pressure ulcer prevention pad with pressure alarm function" (CN201920316996.5), "A Pressure Ulcer Prevention Pants" (CN201910450750.1), etc. In the solutions of these patent applications, pressure sensors are used to monitor the pressure of the pressure-receiving part, and the purpose of reducing local pressure is achieved through structural design.
然而，现有技术的压疮防护技术由于缺少反应皮肤肌肉组织状态的生理参数监测，而无法建立压力值与皮肤组织损伤之间的定量关系，即不确定什么样的压力值会造成组织微循环障碍，从而导致皮肤问题的发生。However, the existing pressure ulcer protection technology cannot establish a quantitative relationship between pressure values and skin tissue damage due to the lack of monitoring of physiological parameters that reflect the state of skin and muscle tissue, that is, it is uncertain what pressure value will cause tissue microcirculation. obstacles, which can lead to the occurrence of skin problems.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
基于上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种用于同步监测肌肉组织血氧参数和皮肤表面压力的系统和方法，用于同步测试人体与辅具长期接触界面的压力和皮肤肌肉组织的血氧参数，建立局部组织血氧参数和压力变化的映射关系，得到不同部位肌肉组织的安全压力阈值，当检测到局部压力过大时进行报警。一方面可以利用该方法和系统优化辅具界面设计；另一方面可以在辅具使用过程中进行监测，预防压疮等皮肤问题的发生。Based on the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and method for synchronously monitoring the blood oxygen parameters of muscle tissue and skin surface pressure, for synchronously testing the pressure of the long-term contact interface between the human body and the auxiliary device and the blood oxygen of the skin and muscle tissue. parameters, establish the mapping relationship between local tissue blood oxygen parameters and pressure changes, obtain the safe pressure thresholds of different parts of the muscle tissue, and alarm when the local pressure is too large. On the one hand, the method and system can be used to optimize the interface design of the assistive device; on the other hand, it can be monitored during the use of the assistive device to prevent the occurrence of skin problems such as pressure ulcers.
本发明的一个方面提供一种用于同步监测肌肉组织血氧参数和皮肤表面压力的系统，该系统包括：One aspect of the present invention provides a system for synchronously monitoring muscle tissue blood oxygen parameters and skin surface pressure, the system comprising:
肌氧水平和压力同步采集模块，用于同步采集人体局部肌肉组织血氧参数和对应部位皮肤表面的压力值；Muscle oxygen level and pressure synchronous acquisition module, used to synchronously collect the blood oxygen parameters of local muscle tissue of the human body and the pressure value of the skin surface of the corresponding part;
数据分析模块，用于接收从肌氧水平和压力同步采集模块传输的人体局部肌肉组织血氧参数和对应部位皮肤表面的压力值，分析局部肌肉组织血氧参数与压力值之间的映射关系，并设定人体不同部位处维持肌肉组织正常微循环的安全压力阈值；The data analysis module is used to receive the blood oxygen parameters of the local muscle tissue of the human body and the pressure value of the skin surface of the corresponding part transmitted from the synchronous acquisition module of muscle oxygen level and pressure, and analyze the mapping relationship between the blood oxygen parameters of the local muscle tissue and the pressure value, And set the safe pressure threshold for maintaining normal microcirculation of muscle tissue at different parts of the human body;
压力实时监测模块，用于实时监测人体不同部位与其他物体接触界面各区域的压力值；以及The pressure real-time monitoring module is used for real-time monitoring of the pressure value in each area of the interface between different parts of the human body and other objects; and
报警模块，在压力实时监测模块检测到压力值大于数据分析模块提供的安全压力阈值时，该报警模块用于进行报警提示。An alarm module, when the pressure real-time monitoring module detects that the pressure value is greater than the safety pressure threshold value provided by the data analysis module, the alarm module is used to give an alarm prompt.
根据一个实施例，肌氧水平和压力同步采集模块包括肌氧水平和压力同步检测装置和数据传输装置，其中肌氧水平和压力同步检测装置用于同步检测人体同一部位肌肉组织血氧和压力水平，数据传输装置用于将所检测的人体同一部位肌肉组织血氧和压力水平传输至数据分析模块。According to one embodiment, the synchronous acquisition module of muscle oxygen level and pressure includes a synchronous detection device for muscle oxygen level and pressure and a data transmission device, wherein the synchronous detection device for muscle oxygen level and pressure is used to synchronously detect the blood oxygen and pressure level of muscle tissue in the same part of the human body , the data transmission device is used to transmit the detected blood oxygen and pressure level of the muscle tissue in the same part of the human body to the data analysis module.
根据一个实施例，肌氧水平和压力同步检测装置包括近红外光源、接收近红外光源所发射的近红外光的探头和压力传感器。According to one embodiment, the device for synchronous detection of muscle oxygen level and pressure includes a near-infrared light source, a probe for receiving the near-infrared light emitted by the near-infrared light source, and a pressure sensor.
根据一个实施例，数据分析模块包括小波变化处理模块、小波幅值处理模块、血氧压力对应模块和阈值提取模块。According to one embodiment, the data analysis module includes a wavelet change processing module, a wavelet amplitude processing module, a blood oxygen pressure corresponding module, and a threshold extraction module.
在一个实施例中，小波变化处理模块用于对检测到的肌肉组织血氧水平进行连续小波变换并计算出小波幅值矩阵，小波幅值处理模块用于提取不同频率段的肌肉组织血氧参数含量的幅值参数，血氧压力对应模块用于建立不同频段肌肉组织血氧参数与压力的映射关系，阈值提取模块用于根据肌肉组织维持正常微循环的临界血氧参数所对应的压力值设定人体不同部位的安全压力阈值。In one embodiment, the wavelet change processing module is used to perform continuous wavelet transform on the detected blood oxygen level of the muscle tissue and calculate the wavelet amplitude matrix, and the wavelet amplitude processing module is used to extract the blood oxygen parameters of the muscle tissue in different frequency bands The amplitude parameter of the content, the blood oxygen pressure corresponding module is used to establish the mapping relationship between muscle tissue blood oxygen parameters and pressure in different frequency bands, and the threshold extraction module is used to set the pressure value corresponding to the critical blood oxygen parameter for maintaining normal microcirculation in muscle tissue. Set safe pressure thresholds for different parts of the human body.
在一个实施例中，分布式压力实时监测模块包括分布式压力测量传感器和数据采集分析系统，分布式压力测量传感器实时监测人体与其他物体接触界面各区域的压力值，数据采集分析系统用于对分布式压力测量传感器所采集的数据进行分析，从而能够同时获取所测量部位不同区域的压力值分布。In one embodiment, the distributed pressure real-time monitoring module includes a distributed pressure measurement sensor and a data acquisition and analysis system. The distributed pressure measurement sensor monitors the pressure value in each area of the interface between the human body and other objects in real time, and the data acquisition and analysis system is used for The data collected by the distributed pressure measurement sensors are analyzed, so that the distribution of pressure values in different areas of the measured part can be obtained at the same time.
本发明的另一方面提供一种用于同步监测肌肉组织血氧参数和皮肤表面压力的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for synchronously monitoring muscle tissue blood oxygen parameters and skin surface pressure, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1)获取人体局部肌肉组织血氧参数和对应部位皮肤表面的压力值；1) Obtain the blood oxygen parameter of the local muscle tissue of the human body and the pressure value of the skin surface of the corresponding part;
2)分析局部肌肉组织血氧参数和压力变化之间的映射关系，得到不同部位压力-血氧参数关系曲线；2) Analyze the mapping relationship between local muscle tissue blood oxygen parameters and pressure changes, and obtain pressure-blood oxygen parameter relationship curves in different parts;
3)提取维持局部肌肉组织正常微循环的血氧参数临界值所对应的压力值，作为安全压力阈值；3) Extract the pressure value corresponding to the critical value of the blood oxygen parameter for maintaining the normal microcirculation of the local muscle tissue as the safety pressure threshold;
4)设定不同区域的安全压力阈值，对不同区域的接触界面进行实时的分布式压力监测；4) Set the safety pressure thresholds in different areas, and perform real-time distributed pressure monitoring on the contact interface in different areas;
5)当检测到局部压力高于安全压力阈值时进行报警。5) Alarm when it is detected that the partial pressure is higher than the safety pressure threshold.
根据一个实施例，步骤1)中所述的肌肉组织血氧参数包括但不限于氧合血红蛋白浓度、还原血红蛋白浓度、总血红蛋白浓度变化量和血氧饱和度。According to an embodiment, the muscle tissue blood oxygen parameters described in step 1) include but are not limited to oxyhemoglobin concentration, reduced hemoglobin concentration, total hemoglobin concentration variation and blood oxygen saturation.
根据另一个实施例，步骤3)中导致局部肌肉组织微循环障碍的血氧参数包括局部组织血氧饱和度低于60％。According to another embodiment, in step 3), the blood oxygen parameter that causes the microcirculation disturbance of the local muscle tissue comprises that the blood oxygen saturation of the local tissue is lower than 60%.
本发明还提供一种肌氧和压力同步监测的系统，该系统包括：肌氧和压力同步采集模块、数据分析模块、分布式压力实时监测模块和报警模块。The invention also provides a system for synchronous monitoring of muscle oxygen and pressure, which comprises: a synchronous acquisition module of muscle oxygen and pressure, a data analysis module, a distributed real-time pressure monitoring module and an alarm module.
肌氧和压力同步采集模块，包含具备同一部位肌肉组织血氧和压力同步检测功能的柔性传感器和数据采集电路，用于同步采集人体局部肌肉组织血氧参数和对应部位皮肤表面的压力值。Muscle oxygen and pressure synchronous acquisition module, including flexible sensor and data acquisition circuit with the function of synchronous detection of blood oxygen and pressure of muscle tissue in the same part, is used to synchronously collect blood oxygen parameters of local muscle tissue of the human body and the pressure value of the skin surface of the corresponding part.
具体地，所述的具备同一部位肌肉组织血氧和压力同步检测功能的柔性传感器，包括一个发出近红外光的光源、两个接收近红外光的探头和一个压力传感器，嵌在柔性薄片上，光源和探头按照一定距离呈直线型排列，压力传感器布置在光源和探头之间。Specifically, the flexible sensor with the function of synchronous detection of blood oxygen and pressure of muscle tissue in the same part includes a light source that emits near-infrared light, two probes that receive near-infrared light, and a pressure sensor, embedded on the flexible sheet, The light source and the probe are arranged in a straight line according to a certain distance, and the pressure sensor is arranged between the light source and the probe.
根据本发明的一个具体实施例，近红外光源与两个探头之间的距离分别为20mm和30mm，选择双波长(760nm和850nm)和双检测器的近红外光谱技术来检测局部肌肉组织血氧参数。进一步地，所检测的局部肌肉组织血氧参数包括氧合血红蛋白浓度、还原血红蛋白浓度、总血红蛋白浓度变化量及局部血氧饱和度。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the distances between the near-infrared light source and the two probes are 20 mm and 30 mm, respectively, and the near-infrared spectroscopy technology with dual wavelengths (760 nm and 850 nm) and dual detectors is selected to detect the blood oxygen in local muscle tissue parameter. Further, the detected local muscle tissue blood oxygen parameters include oxyhemoglobin concentration, reduced hemoglobin concentration, variation in total hemoglobin concentration, and local blood oxygen saturation.
数据分析模块，用于分析局部肌肉组织血氧参数与压力值的映射关系，并根据肌肉组织维持正常微循环的临界血氧参数所对应的压力值设定人体不同部位的安全压力阈值。The data analysis module is used to analyze the mapping relationship between the blood oxygen parameters of the local muscle tissue and the pressure value, and set the safe pressure thresholds of different parts of the human body according to the pressure values corresponding to the critical blood oxygen parameters of the muscle tissue to maintain normal microcirculation.
根据本发明的一个具体实施例，数据分析模块具体包括小波变化处理模块，用于对近红外光谱肌氧检测设备检测到的肌肉组织血氧参数含量信号进行连续小波变换，得到每个信号对应的小波系数矩阵，然后将小波系数矩阵进行求模运算，得到小波幅值矩阵；小波幅值处理模块，用于提取不同频率段的肌肉组织血氧参数含量的幅值参数，频率段范围分别为：I、0.005-0.02Hz；II、0.02-0.06Hz；III、0.06-0.15Hz；IV、0.15-0.4Hz；和V、0.4-2Hz，分别反应了与代谢相关的内皮性活动、作用于血管壁的神经性活动、血管平滑肌的内在肌源性活动、呼吸以及心率活动；血氧压力对应模块，用于建立不同频段肌肉组织血氧参数与压力的映射关系；阈值提取模块，用于根据肌肉组织维持正常微循环的临界血氧参数所对应的压力值设定人体不同部位的安全压力阈值。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the data analysis module specifically includes a wavelet change processing module, which is used to perform continuous wavelet transformation on the blood oxygen parameter content signal of muscle tissue detected by the near-infrared spectrum muscle oxygen detection device, and obtain the corresponding signal of each signal. wavelet coefficient matrix, and then perform modulo operation on the wavelet coefficient matrix to obtain the wavelet amplitude matrix; the wavelet amplitude processing module is used to extract the amplitude parameters of the blood oxygen parameter content of the muscle tissue in different frequency bands, and the frequency band ranges are: I, 0.005-0.02 Hz; II, 0.02-0.06 Hz; III, 0.06-0.15 Hz; IV, 0.15-0.4 Hz; The neural activity of vascular smooth muscle, intrinsic myogenic activity of vascular smooth muscle, respiration and heart rate activity; blood oxygen pressure corresponding module, used to establish the mapping relationship between blood oxygen parameters and pressure of muscle tissue in different frequency bands; threshold extraction module, used to The pressure values corresponding to the critical blood oxygen parameters to maintain normal microcirculation set the safe pressure thresholds for different parts of the human body.
分布式压力实时监测模块，包含分布式压力测量柔性传感器和数据采集分析系统，用于实时监测人体与其他物体接触界面各区域的压力值。具体地，分布式压力测量柔性传感器包含多个密集分布并按照一定规律排列的压力检测单元。The distributed pressure real-time monitoring module, including distributed pressure measurement flexible sensors and data acquisition and analysis system, is used for real-time monitoring of the pressure value in each area of the interface between the human body and other objects. Specifically, the distributed pressure measurement flexible sensor includes a plurality of pressure detection units that are densely distributed and arranged according to a certain rule.
报警模块，用于检测到局部压力大于安全压力阈值时以声音、图像、文字等形式进行报警提示。The alarm module is used to give an alarm in the form of sound, image, text, etc. when it is detected that the local pressure is greater than the safety pressure threshold.
本发明的另一个方面提供一种肌氧和压力同步监测的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for synchronous monitoring of muscle oxygen and pressure, the method comprising the steps of:
1)向用户不同的身体部位分别施加变化的压力，同步监测不同部位的肌肉组织血氧参数和压力值；1) Apply varying pressures to different body parts of the user, and simultaneously monitor the blood oxygen parameters and pressure values of muscle tissue in different parts;
2)分析局部肌肉组织血氧参数和压力变化的映射关系，得到不同部位压力和血氧参数的对应关系曲线；2) Analyze the mapping relationship between local muscle tissue blood oxygen parameters and pressure changes, and obtain the corresponding relationship curves of pressure and blood oxygen parameters in different parts;
3)提取维持局部肌肉组织正常微循环的血氧参数临界值所对应的压力值，作为安全压力阈值；3) Extract the pressure value corresponding to the critical value of the blood oxygen parameter for maintaining the normal microcirculation of the local muscle tissue as the safety pressure threshold;
4)设定人体接触界面不同区域的安全压力阈值，对接触界面进行实时的分布式压力监测；4) Set the safety pressure thresholds in different areas of the human contact interface, and perform real-time distributed pressure monitoring on the contact interface;
5)当检测到局部压力高于安全压力阈值时报警。5) Alarm when it is detected that the partial pressure is higher than the safety pressure threshold.
具体地，步骤1)中所述的肌肉组织血氧参数包括但不限于氧合血红蛋白浓度、还原血红蛋白浓度、总血红蛋白浓度变化量和血氧饱和度。Specifically, the muscle tissue blood oxygen parameters described in step 1) include, but are not limited to, oxyhemoglobin concentration, reduced hemoglobin concentration, variation in total hemoglobin concentration, and blood oxygen saturation.
根据本发明的一个具体实施例，步骤1)中施加的压力可以为不连续变化的压力值，如：每个部位分别施加10KPa、20KPa、30KPa的压力值，加压过程中压力值线性增长，同步检测加压过程中血氧参数和压力值的变化情况。每种压力值情况下施加压力10分钟，同步检测血氧参数和压力值。释放压力的过程中同样为压力值线性减小，同步检测减压过程中血氧参数和压力值的变化情况，压力完全释放后继续检测血氧参数10分钟。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the pressure applied in step 1) can be a discontinuous pressure value, such as: each part is respectively applied with a pressure value of 10KPa, 20KPa, 30KPa, and the pressure value increases linearly during the pressurization process, Simultaneously detect changes in blood oxygen parameters and pressure values during pressurization. Apply pressure for 10 minutes under each pressure value, and detect the blood oxygen parameter and pressure value synchronously. In the process of releasing the pressure, the pressure value decreases linearly. The changes of blood oxygen parameters and pressure values during the decompression process are simultaneously detected. After the pressure is completely released, the blood oxygen parameters continue to be detected for 10 minutes.
根据本发明的一个具体实施例，步骤2)所述的分析局部肌肉组织血氧参数和压力变化的映射关系，具体包括以下步骤：According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the analysis of the mapping relationship between the local muscle tissue blood oxygen parameter and the pressure change described in step 2) specifically includes the following steps:
对肌肉组织血氧参数含量信号进行连续小波变换，得到每个信号对应的小波系数矩阵，然后将小波系数矩阵进行求模运算，得到小波幅值矩阵；Perform continuous wavelet transform on the blood oxygen parameter content signal of muscle tissue to obtain a wavelet coefficient matrix corresponding to each signal, and then perform a modulo operation on the wavelet coefficient matrix to obtain a wavelet amplitude matrix;
提取不同频率段的肌肉组织血氧参数含量的幅值参数，频率段范围分别为：I、0.005-0.02Hz；II、0.02-0.06Hz；III、0.06-0.15Hz；IV、0.15-0.4Hz；和V、0.4-2Hz，分别反应了与代谢相关的内皮性活动、作用于血管壁的神经性活动、血管平滑肌的内在肌源性活动、呼吸以及心率活动；Extract the amplitude parameters of blood oxygen parameter content of muscle tissue in different frequency segments, the frequency range ranges are: I, 0.005-0.02Hz; II, 0.02-0.06Hz; III, 0.06-0.15Hz; IV, 0.15-0.4Hz; and V, 0.4-2Hz, respectively reflect the endothelial activity related to metabolism, the neural activity acting on the vascular wall, the intrinsic myogenic activity of vascular smooth muscle, respiration and heart rate activity;
建立不同频段肌肉组织血氧参数与压力的映射关系。Establish the mapping relationship between muscle tissue blood oxygen parameters and pressure in different frequency bands.
根据本发明的一个具体实施例，步骤3)中维持局部肌肉组织正常微循环的血氧参数临界值根据预先进行的批量临床试验的数据获得，如：骶尾部肌肉组织血氧饱和度临界值为60％，低于60％容易引发压疮。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the critical value of the blood oxygen parameter for maintaining the normal microcirculation of the local muscle tissue in step 3) is obtained according to the data of the batch clinical trials performed in advance, such as: the critical value of the blood oxygen saturation of the sacrococcygeal muscle tissue is 60%, less than 60% are prone to pressure ulcers.
本发明的有益效果是：利用该系统和方法，可以同步测试人体与辅具长期接触界面的压力和皮肤肌肉组织的血氧参数，建立局部组织血氧参数和压力变化的映射关系，根据此关系得到不同部位肌肉组织的安全压力阈值。由于加入了能够反映皮肤肌肉组织生理状态的肌氧参数，并且针对不同用户、不同部位分别设置压力安全阈值，因此利用该方法所确定的安全压力阈值更加科学准确。利用该方法和系统，可用于建立人体与辅具长期接触界面的压力与不同部位肌肉组织血氧参数的映射关系，并依据此关系进行压力监测和报警，从而一方面可以优化辅具界面设计；另一方面可以在辅具使用过程中进行监测，预防压疮等皮肤问题的发生。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: using the system and method, the pressure of the long-term contact interface between the human body and the auxiliary device and the blood oxygen parameter of the skin and muscle tissue can be tested synchronously, and the mapping relationship between the local tissue blood oxygen parameter and the pressure change can be established. Obtain safe pressure thresholds for different parts of muscle tissue. Since the muscle oxygen parameter that can reflect the physiological state of the skin and muscle tissue is added, and the pressure safety threshold is set for different users and different parts, the safety pressure threshold determined by this method is more scientific and accurate. The method and system can be used to establish the mapping relationship between the pressure of the long-term contact interface between the human body and the assistive device and the blood oxygen parameters of different parts of the muscle tissue, and perform pressure monitoring and alarm according to this relationship, so that on the one hand, the interface design of the assistive device can be optimized; On the other hand, it can be monitored during the use of the assistive device to prevent the occurrence of skin problems such as pressure ulcers.
上述概述仅仅是为了说明书的目的，并不意图以任何方式进行限制。除上述描述的示意性的方面、实施方式和特征之外，通过参考附图和以下的详细描述，本发明进一步的方面、实施方式和特征将会是容易明白的。The above summary is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments and features described above, further aspects, embodiments and features of the present invention will become apparent by reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description.
附图说明Description of drawings
在附图中，除非另外规定，否则贯穿多个附图相同的附图标记表示相同或相似的部件或元素。这些附图不一定是按照比例绘制的。应该理解，这些附图仅描绘了根据本发明公开的一些实施方式，而不应将其视为是对本发明范围的限制。In the drawings, unless stated otherwise, the same reference numbers refer to the same or like parts or elements throughout the several figures. The drawings are not necessarily to scale. It should be understood that these drawings depict only some embodiments according to the disclosure and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention.
图1为本发明实施例的一种同步监测肌肉组织血氧参数和皮肤表面压力的系统的总体构成图；FIG. 1 is an overall structural diagram of a system for synchronously monitoring muscle tissue blood oxygen parameters and skin surface pressure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为用于图1中所示的同步监测肌氧和压力的监测系统的具备同一部位肌肉组织血氧和压力同步检测功能的柔性传感器结构示意图；2 is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible sensor with a function of synchronously detecting blood oxygen and pressure in muscle tissue at the same part of the monitoring system for synchronously monitoring muscle oxygen and pressure shown in FIG. 1;
图3为本发明实施例的一种同步监测肌氧和压力的监测方法的流程图。FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a monitoring method for synchronously monitoring muscle oxygen and pressure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
在下文中，仅简单地描述了某些示例性实施例。正如本领域技术人员可认识到的那样，在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，可通过各种不同方式修改所描述的实施例。因此，附图和描述被认为本质上是示例性的而非限制性的。In the following, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art would realize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.
如图1所示，本发明的肌氧和压力同步监测的系统总体上包括肌氧和压力同步采集模块11、数据分析模块12、分布式压力实时监测模块13和报警模块14四部分。As shown in FIG. 1 , the system for synchronous monitoring of muscle oxygen and pressure of the present invention generally includes four parts: muscle oxygen and pressure synchronous acquisition module 11 , data analysis module 12 , distributed pressure real-time monitoring module 13 and alarm module 14 .
肌氧和压力同步采集模块11包括具备同一部位肌肉组织血氧和压力同步检测功能的柔性传感器11A(即：肌氧水平和压力同步检测装置)和数据采集电路11B(即：数据传输装置)，用于同步采集人体局部肌肉组织血氧参数和对应部位皮肤表面的压力值。所检测的局部肌肉组织血氧参数包括氧合血红蛋白浓度、还原血红蛋白浓度、总血红蛋白浓度变化量及局部血氧饱和度。The muscle oxygen and pressure synchronous acquisition module 11 includes a
图2示出了具备同一部位肌肉组织血氧和压力同步检测功能的柔性传感器(肌氧水平和压力同步检测装置)，该柔性传感器包括发出近红外光的光源21、接收由光源21发出的近红外光的探头22A和22B以及压力传感器23，它们均嵌在柔性薄片24上。FIG. 2 shows a flexible sensor with the function of synchronous detection of blood oxygen and pressure in muscle tissue at the same part (muscle oxygen level and pressure synchronous detection device), the flexible sensor includes a
在图2中，光源21和探头22A和22B呈直线型排列，近红外光源21与两个探头之间(22A和22B)之间的距离分别为20mm和30mm，选择双波长(760nm和850nm)和双检测器的近红外光谱技术来检测局部肌肉组织血氧参数。压力传感器23布置在光源21和探头22A之间，用于检测与所获取的肌肉组织血氧参数同一部位的压力值。In FIG. 2, the
但本发明并不局限于此，例如，近红外光源21与两个探头之间(22A和22B)之间的距离分别为30mm和40mm。However, the present invention is not limited thereto, for example, the distances between the near-infrared
数据分析模块12用于接收从肌氧水平和压力同步采集模块传输的人体局部肌肉组织血氧参数和对应部位皮肤表面的压力值，分析局部肌肉组织血氧参数与压力值的映射关系，并根据肌肉组织维持正常微循环的临界血氧参数所对应的压力值设定人体不同部位的安全压力阈值。The data analysis module 12 is used to receive the blood oxygen parameters of the local muscle tissue of the human body and the pressure value of the corresponding part of the skin surface transmitted from the muscle oxygen level and pressure synchronous acquisition module, analyze the mapping relationship between the blood oxygen parameters of the local muscle tissue and the pressure value, and according to The pressure values corresponding to the critical blood oxygen parameters for maintaining normal microcirculation in muscle tissue set the safe pressure thresholds for different parts of the human body.
如图1所示，数据分析模块12可以包括小波变化处理模块12A、小波幅值处理模块12B、血氧压力对应模块12C和阈值提取模块12D。As shown in FIG. 1 , the data analysis module 12 may include a wavelet change processing module 12A, a wavelet amplitude processing module 12B, a blood oxygen pressure corresponding module 12C, and a threshold extraction module 12D.
小波变化处理模块12A用于对近红外光谱肌氧检测设备检测到的肌肉组织血氧参数含量信号进行连续小波变换，得到每个信号对应的小波系数矩阵，然后将小波系数矩阵进行求模运算，得到小波幅值矩阵。The wavelet change processing module 12A is used to perform continuous wavelet transformation on the muscle tissue blood oxygen parameter content signal detected by the near-infrared spectrum muscle oxygen detection device, to obtain a wavelet coefficient matrix corresponding to each signal, and then perform a modulo operation on the wavelet coefficient matrix, Get the wavelet magnitude matrix.
小波幅值处理模块12B用于提取不同频率段的肌肉组织血氧参数含量的幅值参数，其中，频率段范围分别为：I、0.005-0.02Hz；II、0.02-0.06Hz；III、0.06-0.15Hz；IV、0.15-0.4Hz；和V、0.4-2Hz，分别反应了与代谢相关的内皮性活动、作用于血管壁的神经性活动、血管平滑肌的内在肌源性活动、呼吸以及心率活动。The wavelet amplitude processing module 12B is used to extract the amplitude parameters of the blood oxygen parameter content of the muscle tissue in different frequency segments, wherein the frequency segment ranges are: I, 0.005-0.02Hz; II, 0.02-0.06Hz; III, 0.06- 0.15Hz; IV, 0.15-0.4Hz; and V, 0.4-2Hz, respectively, reflect endothelial activity related to metabolism, neural activity acting on vascular wall, intrinsic myogenic activity of vascular smooth muscle, respiration and heart rate activity .
血氧压力对应模块12C用于建立不同频段肌肉组织血氧参数与压力的映射关系。The blood oxygen pressure corresponding module 12C is used to establish the mapping relationship between the blood oxygen parameters of the muscle tissue in different frequency bands and the pressure.
阈值提取模块12D用于根据肌肉组织维持正常微循环的临界血氧参数所对应的压力值设定人体不同部位的安全压力阈值。The threshold extraction module 12D is configured to set safe pressure thresholds for different parts of the human body according to the pressure values corresponding to the critical blood oxygen parameters for maintaining normal microcirculation of the muscle tissue.
如图1所示，分布式压力实时监测模块13包含分布式压力测量柔性传感器13A和数据采集分析系统13B，分布式压力测量传感器用于实时监测人体与其他物体接触界面各区域的压力值，数据采集分析系统用于对分布式压力测量传感器所采集的数据进行分析。具体地，分布式压力测量柔性传感器包含多个密集分布并按照一定规律排列的压力检测单元，能够同时获取所测量部位不同区域的压力值分布。As shown in FIG. 1 , the distributed pressure real-time monitoring module 13 includes a distributed pressure measurement flexible sensor 13A and a data acquisition and analysis system 13B. The distributed pressure measurement sensor is used for real-time monitoring of the pressure value in each area of the interface between the human body and other objects. The acquisition and analysis system is used to analyze the data collected by the distributed pressure measurement sensors. Specifically, the distributed pressure measurement flexible sensor includes a plurality of pressure detection units that are densely distributed and arranged according to a certain rule, and can simultaneously obtain the distribution of pressure values in different regions of the measured part.
报警模块14可以包括扬声器、人机交互界面等，用于检测到局部压力大于安全压力阈值时以声音、图像、文字等形式进行报警提示。The alarm module 14 may include a speaker, a human-computer interaction interface, etc., and is used to give an alarm prompt in the form of sound, image, text, etc. when it is detected that the local pressure is greater than the safe pressure threshold.
如图3所示，本发明的肌氧和压力同步监测的方法包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 3, the method for synchronous monitoring of muscle oxygen and pressure of the present invention comprises the following steps:
S1：向用户不同的身体部位分别施加变化的压力，同步监测不同部位的肌肉组织血氧参数和压力值。S1: Apply varying pressures to different parts of the user's body, and synchronously monitor the blood oxygen parameters and pressure values of muscle tissue in different parts.
其中：所监测的肌肉组织血氧参数包括氧合血红蛋白浓度、还原血红蛋白浓度、总血红蛋白浓度变化量和血氧饱和度等。Among them: the monitored muscle tissue blood oxygen parameters include oxyhemoglobin concentration, reduced hemoglobin concentration, total hemoglobin concentration change and blood oxygen saturation.
施加压力的部位为人体与辅具的主要接触部位，如：长期卧床者的骶尾部、长期坐轮椅者的坐骨部位，假肢穿戴者的残肢部位等。每个部位又分为若干区域。The place where pressure is applied is the main contact part between the human body and the assistive device, such as the sacrococcygeal part of the long-term bedridden person, the ischial part of the long-term wheelchair user, and the residual limb of the prosthetic wearer. Each part is divided into several regions.
施加压力的过程为：在用户主要接触部位的各个区域分别施加压力，施加的压力值包括10KPa、20KPa、30KPa等不同等级。加压过程中压力值线性增长，同步检测加压过程中血氧参数和压力值的变化情况。每种压力值情况下施加压力10分钟，同步检测血氧参数和压力值。释放压力的过程中同样为压力值线性减小，同步检测减压过程中血氧参数和压力值的变化情况，压力完全释放后继续检测血氧参数10分钟。The process of applying pressure is as follows: pressure is applied to each area of the main contact part of the user, and the applied pressure value includes different grades such as 10KPa, 20KPa, and 30KPa. The pressure value increases linearly during the pressurization process, and the changes of the blood oxygen parameters and the pressure value during the pressurization process are simultaneously detected. Apply pressure for 10 minutes under each pressure value, and detect the blood oxygen parameter and pressure value synchronously. In the process of releasing the pressure, the pressure value decreases linearly. The changes of blood oxygen parameters and pressure values during the decompression process are simultaneously detected. After the pressure is completely released, the blood oxygen parameters continue to be detected for 10 minutes.
S2：分析局部肌肉组织血氧参数和压力变化的映射关系，得到不同部位压力和血氧参数的对应关系曲线。具体包括以下步骤：S2: Analyze the mapping relationship between blood oxygen parameters and pressure changes in local muscle tissue, and obtain the corresponding relationship curves of pressure and blood oxygen parameters in different parts. Specifically include the following steps:
对肌肉组织血氧参数含量信号进行连续小波变换，得到每个信号对应的小波系数矩阵，然后将小波系数矩阵进行求模运算，得到小波幅值矩阵，并且得到肌肉组织血氧信号在五个频率段范围内的波动。Perform continuous wavelet transform on the signal of blood oxygen parameter content in muscle tissue to obtain the wavelet coefficient matrix corresponding to each signal, and then perform modulo operation on the wavelet coefficient matrix to obtain the wavelet amplitude matrix, and obtain the blood oxygen signal of muscle tissue at five frequencies. fluctuations within the range.
具体地，五个频率段分别为：I、0.005-0.02Hz；II、0.02-0.06Hz；III、0.06-0.15Hz；IV、0.15-0.4Hz；和V、0.4-2Hz，分别反应与代谢相关的内皮性活动、作用于血管壁的神经性活动、血管平滑肌的内在肌源性活动、呼吸以及心率活动。Specifically, the five frequency bands are: I, 0.005-0.02Hz; II, 0.02-0.06Hz; III, 0.06-0.15Hz; IV, 0.15-0.4Hz; and V, 0.4-2Hz, respectively, the reaction is related to metabolism endothelial activity, neural activity acting on the vessel wall, intrinsic myogenic activity of vascular smooth muscle, respiration and heart rate activity.
将得到的小波变换结果在频率段内平均化得到信号的幅频特性，幅值结果反映的是原始血氧信号在频域下的功率大小，来描述测量区域的活跃程度。The obtained wavelet transform results are averaged in the frequency range to obtain the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the signal. The amplitude result reflects the power of the original blood oxygen signal in the frequency domain to describe the activity level of the measurement area.
建立不同频段肌肉组织血氧参数与压力的映射关系，得到不同部位压力和血氧参数的对应关系曲线。The mapping relationship between muscle tissue blood oxygen parameters and pressure in different frequency bands was established, and the corresponding relationship curves of pressure and blood oxygen parameters in different parts were obtained.
具体地，随着压力的增加以及施压时间的增加，氧合血红蛋白浓度和还原血红蛋白浓度、变化呈现出明显不同程度的响应，氧合血红蛋白浓度减少的量较还原血红蛋白浓度减少的量更大，由于总血红蛋白浓度是氧合血红蛋白浓度和还原血红蛋白浓度的和，故其显示得变化程度更大，血氧饱和度明显下降，说明组织中血液减少或停止，局部供血受影响，血液中氧的含量降低，使肌肉组织出现代谢故障，在压力持续作用下，各层组织均发生相应的退行性变化，如出现充血、水肿、变性、出血、炎性细胞聚集及真皮坏死等现象，从而引起压疮。Specifically, with the increase of pressure and the increase of pressure application time, the concentration of oxyhemoglobin and the concentration of reduced hemoglobin showed significantly different degrees of response, and the decrease of oxyhemoglobin concentration was greater than that of reduced hemoglobin concentration. Since the total hemoglobin concentration is the sum of the oxyhemoglobin concentration and the reduced hemoglobin concentration, it shows a greater degree of change, and the blood oxygen saturation drops significantly, indicating that the blood in the tissue is reduced or stopped, the local blood supply is affected, and the oxygen content in the blood. Under the continuous action of pressure, corresponding degenerative changes occur in all layers of tissue, such as congestion, edema, degeneration, hemorrhage, inflammatory cell aggregation and dermal necrosis, which cause pressure ulcers .
S3：提取维持局部肌肉组织正常微循环的血氧参数临界值所对应的压力值，作为安全压力阈值。S3: Extract the pressure value corresponding to the critical value of the blood oxygen parameter for maintaining the normal microcirculation of the local muscle tissue as the safety pressure threshold.
其中，维持局部肌肉组织正常微循环的血氧参数临界值根据预先进行的批量临床试验的数据获得。此处给出两个具体实施例。Among them, the critical value of the blood oxygen parameter for maintaining the normal microcirculation of the local muscle tissue is obtained according to the data of the batch clinical trial conducted in advance. Two specific examples are given here.
第一实施例：根据前期对长期卧床人员压疮组和非压疮组骶尾部肌肉组织血氧饱和度的临床对比研究结果，骶尾部肌肉组织血氧饱和度低于60％容易引发压疮，因此将血氧饱和度60％对应的压力值作为骶尾部的安全压力阈值。Example 1: According to the results of a clinical comparative study on the blood oxygen saturation of the sacrococcygeal muscle tissue in the pressure ulcer group and the non-pressure ulcer group in the long-term bedridden person, the blood oxygen saturation in the sacrococcygeal muscle tissue is less than 60%, which is likely to cause pressure ulcers. Therefore, the pressure value corresponding to 60% of blood oxygen saturation is used as the safe pressure threshold of the sacrococcygeal region.
第二实施例：根据小波变化后0.005-0.02Hz频段的肌肉组织血氧饱和度参数在不同压力值下的变化情况，当某部位压力值到达N时该频率段的血氧饱和度明显下降，说明该压力值下肌肉组织代谢活动明显降低，容易引发微循环障碍，因此将N设置为该部位的安全压力阈值。The second embodiment: according to the changes of the blood oxygen saturation parameters of the muscle tissue in the frequency band of 0.005-0.02 Hz after the wavelet change under different pressure values, when the pressure value of a certain part reaches N, the blood oxygen saturation of the frequency band decreases significantly, It shows that the metabolic activity of muscle tissue is significantly reduced under this pressure value, and it is easy to cause microcirculation disorders. Therefore, N is set as the safe pressure threshold for this part.
S4：设定人体接触界面不同区域的安全压力阈值，对接触界面进行实时的分布式压力监测。S4: Set safe pressure thresholds in different areas of the human contact interface, and perform real-time distributed pressure monitoring on the contact interface.
S5：当检测到局部压力高于安全压力阈值时报警。S5: Alarm when it is detected that the partial pressure is higher than the safety pressure threshold.
最后应说明的是：以上所述实施例，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制，本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改或可轻易想到变化，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，而这些修改、变化或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的精神和范围，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific implementations of the present invention, and are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, although referring to the foregoing The embodiment has been described in detail the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand: any person skilled in the art is within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments Or can easily think of changes, or equivalently replace some of the technical features, and these modifications, changes or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should be included in the present invention. within the scope of protection. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
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