CN111614325A - Doherty Amplifier Based on Legendre Impedance Transformer - Google Patents
Doherty Amplifier Based on Legendre Impedance TransformerDownload PDFInfo
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- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
- H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
- H03F1/0288—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers using a main and one or several auxiliary peaking amplifiers whereby the load is connected to the main amplifier using an impedance inverter, e.g. Doherty amplifiers
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/42—Modifications of amplifiers to extend the bandwidth
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
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Abstract
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明特别涉及一种基于勒让德阻抗变换器的Doherty放大器，属于功率放大器技术领域。The invention particularly relates to a Doherty amplifier based on a Legendre impedance converter, which belongs to the technical field of power amplifiers.
背景技术Background technique
Dohert功放的理论由W.H.Doherty提出，其目的是为了解决普通的AB类功放工作在功率回退点时效率低的缺点，传统的Doherty功放有一个主功率放大器和一个辅助功率放大器共两个放大器组成。The theory of Dohert power amplifier was proposed by W.H.Doherty. Its purpose is to solve the disadvantage of low efficiency when the ordinary class AB power amplifier works at the power back-off point. The traditional Doherty power amplifier consists of a main power amplifier and an auxiliary power amplifier. A total of two amplifiers .
传统Doherty放大器的电路结构如图1所示，输入信号分离单元12将信号分成两路，分别用于驱动主功率放大器15和辅助功率放大器14.主功率放大器15通过第一四分之一波长传输线16与辅助功率放大器14连接，第一四分之一波长传输线16起到阻抗反转的作用；辅助放大器输入的第二四分之一波长传输线13则是起到相位延迟的作用，以保证在合路点主功率放大器15和辅助放大器14输出信号的相位一致；合路节点与负载18之间的第三四分之一波长传输线17，其目的是将负载18的阻抗与Doherty放大器的合路阻抗匹配。The circuit structure of the traditional Doherty amplifier is shown in Figure 1. The input
图2是PA工作在不同偏置下的饱和功率和效率关系图，Doherty放大器的主要原理是通过辅助放大器14的开启程度也即输出电流的大小来对主放大器15所看到的负载阻抗进行调节和牵引，使得主功放15在功率回退的时候电压摆幅还能达到最大值，从而获得较高的效率。所以这就要求辅助放大器14需要工作在C类状态下，随输入信号功率的增加C类放大器会逐渐开启，而主功率放大器15则是工作在AB类状态下，然而传统的四分之一波长传输线的带宽比较窄，极大限制了传统Doherty的适用范围。Figure 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the saturation power and efficiency of the PA operating under different biases. The main principle of the Doherty amplifier is to adjust the load impedance seen by the
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种基于勒让德阻抗变换器的Doherty放大器，以克服现有技术的不足。The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a Doherty amplifier based on a Legendre impedance transformer to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art.
为实现前述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案包括：In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention includes:
本发明实施例的主要目的在于提供一种基于勒让德阻抗变换器的Doherty放大器，其包括：The main purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a Doherty amplifier based on a Legendre impedance transformer, which includes:
功率分配模块，其至少用于将接收的部分待放大信号分离后分别输入第一功放模块、第二功放模块；a power distribution module, which is at least used to separate a part of the received signal to be amplified and then input it to the first power amplifier module and the second power amplifier module respectively;
第一功放模块，其包括至少一个第一功率放大器，所述第一功率放大器分别与功率分配模块的第一输出端、合路模块的第一输入端连接，并至少用于将来自功率分配模块的第一输出端的信号放大后输出至合路模块；A first power amplifier module, which includes at least one first power amplifier, the first power amplifier is respectively connected to the first output end of the power distribution module and the first input end of the combining module, and is used to at least transmit power from the power distribution module The signal of the first output end of the amplifier is amplified and output to the combining module;
第二功放模块，其包括至少一个第二功率放大器，所述第二功率放大器分别与功率分配模块的第二输出端、合路模块的第二输入端连接，并至少用于将来自功率分配模块的第二输出端的信号放大后输出至合路模块；The second power amplifier module includes at least one second power amplifier, and the second power amplifier is respectively connected to the second output end of the power distribution module and the second input end of the combining module, and is used to at least transmit the power from the power distribution module. The signal of the second output end of the amplifier is amplified and output to the combining module;
补偿模块，其包括至少一相位补偿器，第二功率放大器经所述相位补偿器与功率分配模块的第二输出端连接，并至少用于补偿所述合路模块导致的电磁波相位差；a compensation module, comprising at least one phase compensator, the second power amplifier is connected to the second output end of the power distribution module through the phase compensator, and is at least used for compensating the electromagnetic wave phase difference caused by the combining module;
合路模块，其至少用于将第一功放模块和第二功放模块输出的放大信号进行合路后输出，所述合路模块包括至少两个勒让德阻抗变换器，所述第一功率放大器和第二功放模块分别与至少一个勒让德阻抗变换器连接。A combining module, which is at least used to combine the amplified signals output by the first power amplifier module and the second power amplifier module and output them after combining, the combining module includes at least two Legendre impedance converters, and the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier module are respectively connected with at least one Legendre impedance transformer.
进一步的，所述第一功率放大器和第二功率放大器为相同(即功率等级、尺寸完全相同)的晶体管，所述功率分配模块对接收的部分待放大信号进行等分分离。Further, the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier are transistors of the same (ie, the same power level and size), and the power distribution module equally divides the received signal to be amplified.
进一步的，所述第一功率放大器和第二功率放大器为不同(即功率等级和/或尺寸不同)的晶体管，所述功率分配模块对接收的部分待放大信号进行不等分分离。Further, the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier are transistors of different (ie, different power levels and/or sizes), and the power distribution module unequally divides the received signal to be amplified.
进一步的，所述第一功率放大器和第二功率放大器包括横向扩散金属氧化物半导体晶体管、砷化镓金属半导体场效应管、双极性晶体管、结型场效应管和氮化镓晶体管中的任意一种，但不限于此。Further, the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier include any of laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor transistors, gallium arsenide metal semiconductor field effect transistors, bipolar transistors, junction field effect transistors and gallium nitride transistors. One, but not limited to this.
进一步的，所述第一功率放大器为AB类功率放大器，所述第二功率放大器为AB类功率放大器或C类放大器。Further, the first power amplifier is a class AB power amplifier, and the second power amplifier is a class AB power amplifier or a class C amplifier.
进一步的，所述第一功率放大器和第二功率放大器中的任一者还与输入输出匹配电路连接，所述第一功率放大器和第二功率放大器分别经所述输入输出匹配电路匹配到50欧姆；其中，所述输入输出匹配电路包括电容、电感以及传输线的组合。Further, any one of the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier is also connected to an input and output matching circuit, and the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier are respectively matched to 50 ohms through the input and output matching circuit. ; wherein, the input and output matching circuit includes a combination of capacitors, inductors and transmission lines.
进一步的，所述基于勒让德阻抗变换器的Doherty放大器包括两个以上所述的第二功率放大模块。Further, the Legendre impedance transformer-based Doherty amplifier includes two or more of the second power amplifying modules.
进一步的，所述基于勒让德阻抗变换器的Doherty放大器还包括：第一负载和第二负载，所述功率分配模块的输入端经第一负载接地，所述合路模块的输出端经第二负载接地。Further, the Legendre impedance transformer-based Doherty amplifier further includes: a first load and a second load, the input end of the power distribution module is grounded through the first load, and the output end of the combining module is connected through the first load. Two loads are grounded.
进一步的，所述第一负载和第二负载均为50欧姆负载。Further, the first load and the second load are both 50 ohm loads.
进一步的，所述Doherty放大器的带宽可达到74.75％以上。Further, the bandwidth of the Doherty amplifier can reach more than 74.75%.
与现有技术相比，本发明实施例提供的Doherty放大器结构简单，且能够提供更高的饱和功率、更宽的带宽以及更高的回退效率，所述Doherty放大器于5G基站领域具有广阔的应用前景。Compared with the prior art, the Doherty amplifier provided by the embodiment of the present invention has a simple structure, and can provide higher saturation power, wider bandwidth, and higher back-off efficiency. The Doherty amplifier has broad application in the field of 5G base stations. application prospects.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是现有技术中一种Doherty放大器的电路结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the circuit structure schematic diagram of a kind of Doherty amplifier in the prior art;
图2是现有技术中一种Doherty放大器的饱和功率和效率随导通角的变化示意图；Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the variation of saturation power and efficiency with conduction angle of a kind of Doherty amplifier in the prior art;
图3是四分之一波长传输线和勒让德阻抗变换器的相对带宽比较图：Figure 3 is a graph comparing the relative bandwidths of quarter-wave transmission lines and Legendre impedance transformers:
图4是本发明一典型实施案例中一种基于勒让德阻抗变换器的Doherty放大器的电路结构图。FIG. 4 is a circuit structure diagram of a Doherty amplifier based on a Legendre impedance transformer in a typical implementation case of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
鉴于现有技术中的不足，本案发明人经长期研究和大量实践，得以提出本发明的技术方案。如下将对该技术方案、其实施过程及原理等作进一步的解释说明。In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the inventor of the present application was able to propose the technical solution of the present invention after long-term research and extensive practice. The technical solution, its implementation process and principle will be further explained as follows.
本发明实施例的主要目的在于提供一种基于勒让德阻抗变换器的Doherty放大器，其包括：The main purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a Doherty amplifier based on a Legendre impedance transformer, which includes:
功率分配模块，其至少用于将接收的部分待放大信号分离后分别输入第一功放模块、第二功放模块；a power distribution module, which is at least used to separate a part of the received signal to be amplified and then input it to the first power amplifier module and the second power amplifier module respectively;
第一功放模块，其包括至少一个第一功率放大器，所述第一功率放大器分别与功率分配模块的第一输出端、合路模块的第一输入端连接，并至少用于将来自功率分配模块的第一输出端的信号放大后输出至合路模块；A first power amplifier module, which includes at least one first power amplifier, the first power amplifier is respectively connected to the first output end of the power distribution module and the first input end of the combining module, and is used to at least transmit power from the power distribution module The signal of the first output end of the amplifier is amplified and output to the combining module;
第二功放模块，其包括至少一个第二功率放大器，所述第二功率放大器分别与功率分配模块的第二输出端、合路模块的第二输入端连接，并至少用于将来自功率分配模块的第二输出端的信号放大后输出至合路模块；The second power amplifier module includes at least one second power amplifier, and the second power amplifier is respectively connected to the second output end of the power distribution module and the second input end of the combining module, and is used to at least transmit the power from the power distribution module. The signal of the second output end of the amplifier is amplified and output to the combining module;
补偿模块，其包括至少一相位补偿器，第二功率放大器经所述相位补偿器与功率分配模块的第二输出端连接，并至少用于补偿所述合路模块导致的电磁波相位差；a compensation module, comprising at least one phase compensator, the second power amplifier is connected to the second output end of the power distribution module through the phase compensator, and is at least used for compensating the electromagnetic wave phase difference caused by the combining module;
合路模块，其至少用于将第一功放模块和第二功放模块输出的放大信号进行合路后输出，所述合路模块包括至少两个勒让德阻抗变换器，所述第一功率放大器和第二功放模块分别与至少一个勒让德阻抗变换器连接。A combining module, which is at least used to combine the amplified signals output by the first power amplifier module and the second power amplifier module and output them after combining, the combining module includes at least two Legendre impedance converters, and the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier module are respectively connected with at least one Legendre impedance transformer.
进一步的，所述第一功率放大器和第二功率放大器为相同(即功率等级、尺寸完全相同)的晶体管，所述功率分配模块对接收的部分待放大信号进行等分分离。Further, the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier are transistors of the same (ie, the same power level and size), and the power distribution module equally divides the received signal to be amplified.
进一步的，所述第一功率放大器和第二功率放大器为不同(即功率等级和/或尺寸不同)的晶体管，所述功率分配模块对接收的部分待放大信号进行不等分分离。Further, the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier are transistors of different (ie, different power levels and/or sizes), and the power distribution module unequally divides the received signal to be amplified.
进一步的，所述第一功率放大器和第二功率放大器包括横向扩散金属氧化物半导体晶体管、砷化镓金属半导体场效应管、双极性晶体管、结型场效应管和氮化镓晶体管中的任意一种，但不限于此。Further, the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier include any of laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor transistors, gallium arsenide metal semiconductor field effect transistors, bipolar transistors, junction field effect transistors and gallium nitride transistors. One, but not limited to this.
进一步的，所述第一功率放大器为AB类功率放大器，所述第二功率放大器为AB类功率放大器或C类放大器。Further, the first power amplifier is a class AB power amplifier, and the second power amplifier is a class AB power amplifier or a class C amplifier.
进一步的，所述第一功率放大器和第二功率放大器中的任一者还与输入输出匹配电路连接，所述第一功率放大器和第二功率放大器分别经所述输入输出匹配电路匹配到50欧姆；其中，所述输入输出匹配电路包括电容、电感以及传输线的组合。Further, any one of the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier is also connected to an input and output matching circuit, and the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier are respectively matched to 50 ohms through the input and output matching circuit. ; wherein, the input and output matching circuit includes a combination of capacitors, inductors and transmission lines.
进一步的，所述基于勒让德阻抗变换器的Doherty放大器包括两个以上所述的第二功率放大模块。Further, the Legendre impedance transformer-based Doherty amplifier includes two or more of the second power amplifying modules.
进一步的，所述基于勒让德阻抗变换器的Doherty放大器还包括：第一负载和第二负载，所述功率分配模块的输入端经第一负载接地，所述合路模块的输出端经第二负载接地。Further, the Legendre impedance transformer-based Doherty amplifier further includes: a first load and a second load, the input end of the power distribution module is grounded through the first load, and the output end of the combining module is connected through the first load. Two loads are grounded.
进一步的，所述第一负载和第二负载均为50欧姆负载。Further, the first load and the second load are both 50 ohm loads.
进一步的，所述Doherty放大器的带宽可达74.75％以上。Further, the bandwidth of the Doherty amplifier can reach more than 74.75%.
如下将结合附图对该技术方案、其实施过程及原理等作进一步的解释说明。然而，本领域技术人员还可以以其他不同的形式来实施本发明，并且本发明不应该被解释限制于这里阐述的具体实施例。相反，提供这些实施例是为了解释本发明的原理以及其实际应用，从而是本领域的其他技术人员能够理解本发明的各种实施例和适合于预期应用的各种修改。在附图中，相同的标号在整个说明书和附图中可以用来表示成相同的元件。The technical solution, its implementation process and principle will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art may also implement the present invention in other different forms, and the present invention should not be construed as limited to the specific embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the intended use. In the drawings, the same reference numbers may be used to refer to the same elements throughout the specification and the drawings.
勒让德多项式最早由Adrien-Marie Legendre提出，其一般微分公式参阅公式1)，因其具有如下特点：Legendre polynomial was first proposed by Adrien-Marie Legendre, and its general differential formula is shown in Equation 1), because it has the following characteristics:
①定义域为[-1，+1]时，值域为[-1，+1]。在这个范围内勒让德多项式在正负1之间小幅振荡，这个区域描绘出匹配变换器的通带。①When the definition domain is [-1, +1], the value domain is [-1, +1]. In this range the Legendre polynomial oscillates slightly between plus and
②|x|＞1，|Pn(x)|＞1。②|x|＞1, |Pn(x)|＞1.
③Pn(x)随着x和n的增加而迅速增加。③Pn(x) increases rapidly with the increase of x and n.
④Pn(x)具有对称性④Pn(x) has symmetry
故而可以将勒让德多项式与基于小反射理论的多节阻抗变换器总反射系数公式(如式3))相对应成比例设计出基于勒让德多项式的勒让德阻抗变换器，取代传统四分之一波长传输线。Therefore, the Legendre polynomial can be proportional to the total reflection coefficient formula of the multi-section impedance transformer based on the small reflection theory (such as Equation 3), and a Legendre impedance transformer based on the Legendre polynomial can be designed to replace the traditional four. One-wavelength transmission line.
如图3所示，所述传统四分之一波长传输线在带内反射系数要求不高于0.05的情况下，相对带宽只有8.52％。而本发明采用的勒让德阻抗变换器，例如三阶勒让德阻抗变换器在相同反射系数下却有高达74.75％的相对带宽，能极大拓宽Doherty功率放大器的适用范围。参阅下式1)是勒让德多项式的一般微分公式，式2)是勒让德多项式的前三阶公式，由此可以制作不同阶数的勒让德阻抗变换器来代替传统的四分之一波长传输线，拓宽带宽，同时由于带内的纹波较小，使得Doherty功率放大器在饱和功率点以及回退功率低点带内的所匹配的阻抗波动也比较小。在带内反射系数不高于0.05，使用三阶勒让德阻抗变换器的情况下，64％的带宽内阻抗波动在4％以内，74.75％的带宽内阻抗波动在11％以内，由此使得对应的功率放大器在整个带内都能获得比较高的回退效率和饱和功率。As shown in FIG. 3 , the relative bandwidth of the conventional quarter-wavelength transmission line is only 8.52% under the condition that the in-band reflection coefficient is not higher than 0.05. However, the Legendre impedance transformer used in the present invention, such as the third-order Legendre impedance transformer, has a relative bandwidth as high as 74.75% under the same reflection coefficient, which can greatly broaden the applicable range of the Doherty power amplifier. Refer to the following formula 1) is the general differential formula of Legendre polynomial, formula 2) is the first three-order formula of Legendre polynomial, so Legendre impedance transformers of different orders can be made to replace the traditional quarter The one-wavelength transmission line widens the bandwidth, and at the same time, because the ripple in the band is small, the impedance fluctuation of the Doherty power amplifier at the saturation power point and the low point of the fallback power is also relatively small. When the in-band reflection coefficient is not higher than 0.05 and the third-order Legendre impedance converter is used, the impedance fluctuation in 64% of the bandwidth is within 4%, and the impedance fluctuation in 74.75% of the bandwidth is within 11%, thus making The corresponding power amplifier can obtain relatively high back-off efficiency and saturation power in the whole band.
请参阅图4，本发明一典型实施例中的一种基于勒让德阻抗变换器的Doherty放大器包括：功率分配模块、第一功放模块、第二功放模块、合路模块以及补偿模块；第一功放模块包括第一功率放大器45以及与第一功率放大器45连接的输入输出匹配电路、第二功放模块包括第二功率放大器44以及与第二功率放大器44连接的匹配电路，补偿模块包括相位补偿器43，合路模块49包括勒让德阻抗变换器46、47，合路模块49用于对第一功率放大器44和第二功率放大器45的输出信号进行合路，并至少用于完成带内的阻抗匹配与翻转；相位补偿器43用来补偿勒让德阻抗变换器46所产生的相位差。其中，功率分配模块42用于对部分待放大信号进行分离，功率分配模块42的输入端1用于接收所述部分带放大信号，功率分配模块42的第一输出端2和第二输出端3分别输出分路后的所述部分待放放大信号，第一功率放大器45的输入端与功率分配模块42的第一输出端2连接，第一功率放大器45用于放大来自功率分配模块42的第一输出端2的信号，并将放大后的信号输出到勒让德阻抗变换器46的第一输入端4，第二功率放大器44的输入端经相位补偿器43与功率分配模块42的第二输出端3连接，第二功率放大器44用于接收来自功率分配模块42的第二输出端3的信号，并将放大后的信号输出到勒让德阻抗变换器47的第二输入端5。Referring to FIG. 4, a Doherty amplifier based on a Legendre impedance converter in a typical embodiment of the present invention includes: a power distribution module, a first power amplifier module, a second power amplifier module, a combining module, and a compensation module; a first power distribution module The power amplifier module includes a
进一步的，第一功率放大器45和第二功率放大器44可为相同的功率放大器或者不同的功率放大器(此处相同或不同主要指功率等级、尺寸是否相同)，第一功率放大器45和第二功率放大器44可以为LDMOS(横向扩散金属氧化物半导体晶体管)，GaAs MESFET(砷化镓金属半导体场效应管)，BJT(双极性晶体管)，JFET(结型场效应管)或者GaN(氮化镓晶体管)。当第一功率放大器45和第二功率放大器44为相同的功率放大器时，功率分配模块42对部分待放大信号进行平均分离。Further, the
进一步的，第一功率放大器45工作在AB类放大模式，第二功率放大器44工作在C类放大模式或者AB类放大模式。Further, the
进一步的，所述的Doherty放大器还包括第一负载41、第二负载48，功率分配模块42的输出端通过第一负载41接地，合路模，49的输出端6通过第二负载48接地，其中第一负载和第二负载可以为50欧姆负载。Further, the Doherty amplifier also includes a
进一步的，第一功率放大器和第二功率放大器分别经所述输入输出匹配电路匹配到50欧姆；其中，所述输入输出匹配电路包括电容、电感以及传输线的组合，其连接形式可以采用本领域技术人员已知的连接方式实现。Further, the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier are respectively matched to 50 ohms through the input and output matching circuits; wherein, the input and output matching circuits include a combination of capacitors, inductors and transmission lines, and the connection form of which can adopt techniques in the art. Connection methods known to personnel are implemented.
进一步的，一种基于勒让德阻抗变换器的Doherty放大器可以包括多个第二功放模块。Further, a Legendre impedance transformer-based Doherty amplifier may include a plurality of second power amplifier modules.
本发明实施例提供的Doherty放大器结构简单，且能够提供更高的饱和功率、更宽的带宽以及更高的回退效率，所述Doherty放大器于5G基站领域具有广阔的应用前景。The Doherty amplifier provided by the embodiment of the present invention has a simple structure and can provide higher saturation power, wider bandwidth, and higher fallback efficiency, and the Doherty amplifier has broad application prospects in the field of 5G base stations.
应当理解，上述实施例仅为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical concept and characteristics of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those who are familiar with the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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