技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及人工假体置换领域，具体涉及一种肱骨远端假体。The invention relates to the field of artificial prosthesis replacement, and in particular to a distal humeral prosthesis.
背景技术Background technique
肱骨远端与桡骨和尺骨形成肘关节，对人体的生理功能具有十分重要的作用。为避免肱骨恶性疾病或粉碎性骨折导致的截肢，肱骨远端假体置换常用于针对此类患者的治疗中。由于肘关节在日常生活中使用频繁，并且容易受力，因此实践中对肱骨远端假体与桡骨、尺骨的贴合性、稳定性、生物相容性、强度等方面都有较高的要求。The distal humerus forms the elbow joint with the radius and ulna, which plays a very important role in the physiological function of the human body. In order to avoid amputation caused by malignant diseases or comminuted fractures of the humerus, distal humeral prosthesis replacement is often used in the treatment of such patients. Since the elbow joint is frequently used in daily life and is easily stressed, in practice, there are high requirements for the fit, stability, biocompatibility, and strength of the distal humeral prosthesis with the radius and ulna.
现有技术中常用的肱骨远端假体如图1所示。该假体包括肱骨滑车假体101、肱骨小头假体102、叉状假体柄103、内上髁立柱柄104、外上髁力柱柄105，所述叉状假体柄103与所述内上髁力柱柄104、外上髁力柱柄105连接，所述内上髁力柱柄104与所述肱骨滑车假体101连接，所述外上髁力柱柄105与所述肱骨小头假体102连接，所述肱骨滑车假体101与肱骨小头假体102连接。该假体还包括假体柄固定轴106、假体柄固定螺丝107，所述假体柄固定轴106与假体柄固定螺丝107设置在所述叉状假体柄103上，所述假体柄固定轴106与假体柄固定螺丝107配合防止叉状假体柄103滑落。还包括尺骨假体滑轮附着处108、桡骨假体滑轮附着处109，所述桡骨假体滑轮附着处109设置在所述肱骨滑车假体101与肱骨小头假体102复合体的旋转轴桡侧处。A commonly used distal humeral prosthesis in the prior art is shown in Figure 1. The prosthesis comprises a humeral trochlear prosthesis 101, a humeral capitellum prosthesis 102, a forked prosthesis handle 103, a medial epicondyle column handle 104, and a lateral epicondyle force column handle 105, wherein the forked prosthesis handle 103 is connected to the medial epicondyle force column handle 104 and the lateral epicondyle force column handle 105, the medial epicondyle force column handle 104 is connected to the humeral trochlear prosthesis 101, the lateral epicondyle force column handle 105 is connected to the humeral capitellum prosthesis 102, and the humeral trochlear prosthesis 101 is connected to the humeral capitellum prosthesis 102. The prosthesis further includes a prosthesis stem fixing shaft 106 and a prosthesis stem fixing screw 107, which are arranged on the forked prosthesis stem 103, and cooperate with the prosthesis stem fixing screw 107 to prevent the forked prosthesis stem 103 from slipping. It also includes an ulnar prosthesis pulley attachment 108 and a radial prosthesis pulley attachment 109, and the radial prosthesis pulley attachment 109 is arranged on the radial side of the rotation axis of the complex of the humeral pulley prosthesis 101 and the humeral capitellum prosthesis 102.
然而，该远端假体与肱骨远端的实际形状存在很大的误差，无法与桡骨及尺骨鹰嘴窝良好贴合，因此恢复肘关节活动功能效果差；如果收集单一患者的肱骨远端解剖数据并进行三维重建，则生产加工效率低，一方面成本过高，另一方面也无法快速提供假体，延误治疗的最佳时期。此外，现有的肱骨远端假体仅依赖结构6和结构7配合防止叉状假体柄滑落，在截骨位置没有固定性的设计结构，植入人体后稳定性效果差，而且叉状假体柄强度不好，也容易发生断裂，安全性不佳。However, there is a large error between the distal prosthesis and the actual shape of the distal humerus, and it cannot fit well with the radius and the olecranon fossa of the ulna, so the effect of restoring the elbow joint activity function is poor; if the anatomical data of the distal humerus of a single patient is collected and reconstructed in three dimensions, the production and processing efficiency is low, the cost is too high on the one hand, and the prosthesis cannot be provided quickly on the other hand, delaying the best time for treatment. In addition, the existing distal humeral prosthesis only relies on the cooperation of structure 6 and structure 7 to prevent the forked prosthesis handle from slipping, and there is no fixed design structure at the osteotomy position. After implantation into the human body, the stability effect is poor, and the forked prosthesis handle is not strong and is prone to breakage, which is not safe.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对现有技术存在的以上问题，本发明提供了一种肱骨远端假体。In view of the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a distal humeral prosthesis.
具体技术方案如下：The specific technical solutions are as follows:
一种肱骨远端假体，包括肱骨远端主体及髓针，其中肱骨远端主体通过三维重建技术制成，其形状与肱骨远端的实际形状相同，用于和桡骨及尺骨鹰嘴窝紧密贴合；髓针通过机加工制成，髓针的直径与患者肱骨骨干的直径相匹配，用于插入髓腔中；主体和髓针通过锥配式结构牢固连接。A distal humeral prosthesis comprises a distal humeral body and a medullary pin, wherein the distal humeral body is made by three-dimensional reconstruction technology, and its shape is the same as the actual shape of the distal humerus, and is used to fit tightly with the radius and the olecranon fossa of the ulna; the medullary pin is made by machining, and its diameter matches the diameter of the patient's humeral shaft, and is used to be inserted into the medullary cavity; the body and the medullary pin are firmly connected by a cone-matching structure.
其中，肱骨远端主体具体可以由钛合金粉末通过3D打印技术制成；髓针具体可由锻造钛合金机加工制成，髓针可以是标准化的，即预先准备多个规格，根据患者肱骨骨干的直径选用相应的规格；肱骨远端主体上具有圆柱状连接部，髓针上具有相应的髓针连接部，圆柱状连接部与髓针连接部锥配式连接，通过锥台状的凸锥和凹锥连接为一体。Among them, the distal humeral body can be specifically made of titanium alloy powder through 3D printing technology; the medullary pin can be specifically made of forged titanium alloy machined, and the medullary pin can be standardized, that is, multiple specifications are prepared in advance, and the corresponding specifications are selected according to the diameter of the patient's humeral shaft; the distal humeral body has a cylindrical connecting part, and the medullary pin has a corresponding medullary pin connecting part, the cylindrical connecting part is conically connected to the medullary pin connecting part, and is connected as a whole through a frustum-shaped convex cone and a concave cone.
进一步的，肱骨远端主体是个性化的，即完全依照患者健侧肱骨远端的生理形状进行设计，以保证与其他关节完美融合；为了提高加工效率，其中圆柱状连接部为标准化的，即预先准备多个规格，根据患者桡骨头及尺骨鹰嘴窝的形状选用相应的规格，再在圆柱状连接部的基础上加工为个性化的肱骨远端主体。Furthermore, the distal humeral body is personalized, that is, it is designed completely according to the physiological shape of the distal humerus of the patient's healthy side to ensure perfect integration with other joints; in order to improve processing efficiency, the cylindrical connection part is standardized, that is, multiple specifications are prepared in advance, and the corresponding specifications are selected according to the shape of the patient's radial head and olecranon fossa, and then processed into a personalized distal humeral body based on the cylindrical connection part.
进一步的，肱骨远端主体的两侧设置有多个缝合孔，缝合孔的直径为2-4mm，通过缝合孔可以将软组织与假体缝合在一起，增强假体植入人体前期的稳定性。Furthermore, a plurality of suture holes are provided on both sides of the distal humeral body, and the diameter of the suture holes is 2-4 mm. The soft tissue and the prosthesis can be sutured together through the suture holes, thereby enhancing the stability of the prosthesis in the early stage of implantation into the human body.
进一步的，肱骨远端主体的表面采用抛光处理，增加肱骨远端滑车处的耐磨损性，可以更好的恢复肘关节功能。Furthermore, the surface of the distal humeral body is polished to increase the wear resistance of the distal humeral pulley, which can better restore the function of the elbow joint.
进一步的，髓针上设置有抗旋槽，防止髓针旋转，增强假体植入人体前期的稳定性。Furthermore, an anti-rotation groove is provided on the medullary needle to prevent the medullary needle from rotating, thereby enhancing the stability of the prosthesis in the early stage of implantation into the human body.
进一步的，髓针表面喷涂有Ti+羟基磷灰石(HA)活性物质，随着时间的递增，骨质长入活性物质中，增强假体的稳定性和生物相容性。Furthermore, the surface of the medullary pin is sprayed with Ti+hydroxyapatite (HA) active material. As time goes by, bone grows into the active material, enhancing the stability and biocompatibility of the prosthesis.
基于上述技术方案，本发明提供的肱骨远端假体具有以下有益效果：Based on the above technical solution, the distal humeral prosthesis provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1)肱骨远端假体的主体部分通过三维重建技术制成，允许无差别的复制患者肱骨远端的生理弧度，能够更好的与其他关节配合，更有利于恢复肘关节的功能；(1) The main part of the distal humeral prosthesis is made by three-dimensional reconstruction technology, which allows the physiological curvature of the patient's distal humerus to be replicated without distinction, can better cooperate with other joints, and is more conducive to restoring the function of the elbow joint;
(2)肱骨远端假体包括可标准化的髓针部分，既保证了与桡骨及尺骨的良好配合，又有效缩短了假体的生产周期，使患者及时得到治疗；(2) The distal humeral prosthesis includes a standardized medullary pin, which not only ensures good fit with the radius and ulna, but also effectively shortens the production cycle of the prosthesis, allowing patients to receive timely treatment;
(3)截骨之后，通过将髓针插入髓腔中固定假体，增加了假体的稳定性，并且由于髓针表面喷涂活性物质，生物相容性良好，并且随着时间的递增，骨质长入活性物质中，稳定性进一步增加；(3) After osteotomy, the prosthesis is fixed by inserting a medullary needle into the medullary cavity, which increases the stability of the prosthesis. Since the surface of the medullary needle is sprayed with active substances, it has good biocompatibility. As time goes by, bone grows into the active substances, and the stability is further increased.
(4)肱骨远端主体两侧设置了缝合孔、髓针上设置有抗旋槽，显著提高了假体植入前期的稳定性。(4) Suture holes are set on both sides of the distal humerus and anti-rotation grooves are set on the medullary pin, which significantly improves the stability of the prosthesis in the early stage of implantation.
(5)本发明的假体使用钛合金材料，植入人体内大幅度减轻了人体负荷量，并且整体结构轻便合理，不易断裂，安全性良好。(5) The prosthesis of the present invention is made of titanium alloy material, which greatly reduces the load on the human body when implanted in the human body. In addition, the overall structure is light and reasonable, not easy to break, and has good safety.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:
图1为现有技术中肱骨远端假体的示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a distal humeral prosthesis in the prior art;
图2为本发明实施例中肱骨远端假体的示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a distal humeral prosthesis according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例中肱骨远端假体的主体部分示意图；FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the main part of the distal humeral prosthesis according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例中肱骨远端主体的髓针部分示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the medullary pin portion of the distal humeral body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图中：肱骨远端主体1，缝合孔2，髓针3，圆柱状连接部11，抗旋槽31，髓针连接部32，肱骨滑车假体101，肱骨小头假体102，叉状假体柄103，内上髁立柱柄104，外上髁力柱柄105，假体柄固定轴106，假体柄固定螺丝107，尺骨假体滑轮附着处108，桡骨假体滑轮附着处109。In the figure: the distal humeral body 1, the suture hole 2, the medullary pin 3, the cylindrical connection part 11, the anti-rotation groove 31, the medullary pin connection part 32, the humeral pulley prosthesis 101, the humeral capitellum prosthesis 102, the forked prosthesis stem 103, the medial epicondyle column stem 104, the lateral epicondyle force column stem 105, the prosthesis stem fixing shaft 106, the prosthesis stem fixing screw 107, the ulnar prosthesis pulley attachment 108, and the radial prosthesis pulley attachment 109.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.
图2给出了本发明的肱骨远端假体的一个具体实施例。如图2所示，所述肱骨远端假体包括肱骨远端主体1和髓针3。肱骨远端主体1和髓针3通过锥配结构连接为一体。Fig. 2 shows a specific embodiment of the distal humeral prosthesis of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 2, the distal humeral prosthesis comprises a distal humeral body 1 and a medullary pin 3. The distal humeral body 1 and the medullary pin 3 are connected as one body through a cone-fitting structure.
如图3、图4所示，肱骨远端主体1上具有圆柱状连接部11，髓针3上具有髓针连接部32，二者通过锥配式连接，从而构成完整的肱骨远端假体。具体的，髓针连接部32为锥台状的凸锥，圆柱状连接部11上设置有相应的凹锥。As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the humeral distal body 1 has a cylindrical connection part 11, and the medullary needle 3 has a medullary needle connection part 32, and the two are connected by a cone-matching method to form a complete humeral distal prosthesis. Specifically, the medullary needle connection part 32 is a convex cone in the shape of a frustum, and the cylindrical connection part 11 is provided with a corresponding concave cone.
肱骨远端主体1由钛合金粉末通过3D打印技术制成，其形状与肱骨远端的实际形状相同，用于和桡骨及尺骨鹰嘴窝紧密贴合。具体的，该肱骨远端主体1的制作过程包括以下步骤：首先根据患者的CT数据，通过mimics软件运用逆向原理三维重建出肱骨远端；然后根据健侧数据进行镜像，并通过3D打印技术进行打印，从而无差别的恢复该患者的患侧肱骨远端，实现个体化的定制肱骨远端假体。The distal humerus body 1 is made of titanium alloy powder by 3D printing technology, and its shape is the same as the actual shape of the distal humerus, and is used to fit tightly with the radius and ulna olecranon fossa. Specifically, the production process of the distal humerus body 1 includes the following steps: first, based on the patient's CT data, the distal humerus is three-dimensionally reconstructed using the inverse principle through mimics software; then, it is mirrored according to the healthy side data, and printed through 3D printing technology, so as to restore the patient's affected side distal humerus without distinction, and realize an individualized customized distal humerus prosthesis.
在另一具体实施例中，肱骨远端主体1中的圆柱状连接部11是预制的标准件，可以有多个规格，根据患者肱骨骨干的直径选用相应规格并在其基础上通过3D打印技术制作成肱骨远端主体1，从而提高加工效率。In another specific embodiment, the cylindrical connecting portion 11 in the distal humeral body 1 is a prefabricated standard part and can have multiple specifications. The corresponding specifications are selected according to the diameter of the patient's humeral shaft and the distal humeral body 1 is manufactured through 3D printing technology on this basis, thereby improving processing efficiency.
髓针3由锻造钛合金机加工制成，用于插入髓腔中。具体的，髓针3是标准化的，即预先准备多种规格，根据患者肱骨骨干的直径选用相应规格的髓针，并与个性化或者标准化的肱骨远端主体快速组合成肱骨远端假体，从而及时对患者进行假体植入。The medullary needle 3 is made of forged titanium alloy and is used for inserting into the medullary cavity. Specifically, the medullary needle 3 is standardized, that is, a variety of specifications are prepared in advance, and a medullary needle of corresponding specifications is selected according to the diameter of the patient's humeral shaft, and is quickly combined with a personalized or standardized distal humeral body to form a distal humeral prosthesis, so that the prosthesis can be implanted in the patient in time.
肱骨远端主体1的两侧分别设置有四个缝合孔2，每个缝合孔2的直径为3mm。肱骨远端主体1的表面采用抛光处理。Four suture holes 2 are respectively arranged on both sides of the distal humeral body 1, and the diameter of each suture hole 2 is 3 mm. The surface of the distal humeral body 1 is polished.
髓针3的表面还设有抗旋槽31，能够在髓针3插入髓腔后防止髓针旋转，提高植入初期的稳定性。The surface of the medullary needle 3 is also provided with an anti-rotation groove 31, which can prevent the medullary needle 3 from rotating after being inserted into the medullary cavity, thereby improving the stability in the initial stage of implantation.
髓针3表面喷涂有Ti+HA活性物质，随着时间的递增，骨质长入活性物质中，增强假体的稳定性和生物相容性。The surface of the medullary needle 3 is sprayed with Ti+HA active substances. As time goes by, bone grows into the active substances, thereby enhancing the stability and biocompatibility of the prosthesis.
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010470404.2ACN111603277B (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2020-05-28 | Distal humeral prosthesis |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010470404.2ACN111603277B (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2020-05-28 | Distal humeral prosthesis |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111603277A CN111603277A (en) | 2020-09-01 |
| CN111603277Btrue CN111603277B (en) | 2024-05-17 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010470404.2AActiveCN111603277B (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2020-05-28 | Distal humeral prosthesis |
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| CN (1) | CN111603277B (en) |
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| CN119055339B (en)* | 2024-10-21 | 2025-03-04 | 武汉联影智融医疗科技有限公司 | Elbow surgery instruments |
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| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | Inventor after:Li Hongxia Inventor after:Kang Shujing Inventor after:Xun Shijie Inventor after:Wang Feifan Inventor after:Wang Zhenguo Inventor after:Xu Kuixue Inventor after:Shi Chunbao Inventor before:Shi Chunbao Inventor before:Kang Shujing Inventor before:Xun Shijie Inventor before:Wang Feifan Inventor before:Wang Zhenguo Inventor before:Xu Kuixue | |
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