CN111588520B - Knee joint prosthesis - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a knee joint prosthesis, which comprises a tibial platform, wherein a thickness angle adjusting block is fixed at the top of the tibial platform through clamping, clamping blocks are uniformly arranged at the top of the thickness angle adjusting block, a tibial gasket is arranged at the top of the thickness angle adjusting block, a rotating shaft is arranged at the bottom of the tibial gasket, the rotating shaft penetrates through the thickness angle adjusting block in a sliding manner and is movably embedded into the tibial platform, a stand column is arranged at the top of the tibial gasket, a femoral ankle is arranged at the top of the tibial gasket and is in a matching structure with the stand column, a rotating fixing and switching device is arranged on the femoral ankle and comprises three hydraulic cavities embedded in the side wall of the femoral ankle, a first pressing block, a second pressing block and a third pressing block are respectively arranged in the three hydraulic cavities in a sliding manner, and a liquid inlet hose is connected at the bottom of the hydraulic cavities in a penetrating manner, the invention has the characteristics of flexible switching of use modes and wide application range.

Description

Knee joint prosthesis

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a knee joint prosthesis.

Background

Total Knee Replacement (TKR) is an extremely important tool in the orthopedic field. Along with the prolonging of the average life of the population in China and the aging trend of the population in central cities, the incidence rate of knee osteoarthritis is obviously increased in the aged population. Among outpatients in the joint specialty and even orthopedics department, the proportion of patients who see a doctor due to knee joint problems is considerable in the outpatient department. Through the continuous efforts of the vast artificial joint research and development engineering technicians and medical workers in China, the quality of the artificial knee joint product is continuously improved, the trouble of pain is relieved for the patients with the loss of the knee joint function caused by rheumatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and serious damage of the knee joint, the knee joint function is recovered, the beautiful happy life is returned, and the huge economic benefit and social benefit are created.

The existing knee joint prosthesis tibial gasket and tibial plateau are matched in clinical use, wherein one is plane hole shaft matching, and a rotary degree of freedom is arranged between the plane hole shaft matching and the plane hole shaft matching, so that the plane hole shaft matching is called as a rotary platform; one is that the platform and the gasket are fixed by a clamping structure or a locking clamp or other tools, which is called as a fixed platform, and the two are used for surgery according to different clinical requirements. The existing rotary platform and the fixed platform can not be directly converted with each other, and can only be realized by different products, so that the rotary platform is troublesome and has high cost.

Knee joint products are classified into CR type (posterior cruciate ligament retaining type) and PS type (posterior cruciate ligament non-retaining type). The difference in the product shows that there is not the stand in the shin bone gasket, there is not the stand in the middle of the shin bone gasket of CR type, has the stand in the middle of the PS type, also distinguishes through different products during clinical type selection, and the cost is higher. Therefore, there is a need for a knee joint prosthesis that can be flexibly switched between modes of use and has a wide range of applications.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to a knee joint prosthesis to solve the above problems of the prior art.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a knee joint prosthesis, includes the tibial plateau, the top of tibial plateau is fixed with thickness angle modulation piece through the block, thickness angle modulation piece's top evenly is provided with the fixture block, thickness angle modulation piece's top is provided with the tibial gasket, the rotation axis is installed to the bottom of tibial gasket, the rotation axis slides and runs through thickness angle modulation piece and activity embedding tibial plateau, the stand is installed at tibial gasket's top, the top of tibial gasket is provided with the thighbone ankle, and thighbone ankle and stand are the cooperation structure.

Furthermore, a rotary fixing and switching device is arranged on the femoral condyle, the rotary fixing and switching device comprises three hydraulic cavities embedded in the side wall of the femoral condyle, a first pressing block, a second pressing block and a third pressing block are respectively arranged in the three hydraulic cavities in a sliding manner, the bottom of each hydraulic cavity is connected with a liquid inlet hose in a through manner, the bottom of each liquid inlet hose is provided with a control seat, the top of the control seat is provided with a first flow passage, a second flow passage and a third flow passage, the liquid inlet hoses at the first pressing block, the second pressing block and the third pressing block are respectively communicated with the first flow passage, the second flow passage and the third flow passage, the bottom of the control seat is connected with a liquid outlet hose in a through manner, one end of the liquid outlet hose is connected with a plurality of branch pipes in a through manner, the bottom of the tibial gasket is uniformly provided with upper accommodating grooves, and the inside of the upper accommodating grooves is provided, the thickness angle adjusting block is arranged on the upper portion of the cylinder body, the thickness angle adjusting block is arranged on the cylinder body, the cylinder body is provided with a clamping block, the clamping block is arranged on the cylinder body, the thickness angle adjusting block is arranged on the cylinder body, the cylinder body is arranged on the cylinder body, the clamping block is arranged on the cylinder body, the thickness angle adjusting block is arranged on the cylinder body, a lower accommodating groove is evenly formed in the top of the thickness angle adjusting block, the lower accommodating groove is connected with the clamping block in a sliding mode, and the lower accommodating groove is communicated with the branch pipe.

Furthermore, the inside of going up the storage tank slides and is provided with sealed piece, the bottom and the fixture block of sealed piece contact, be provided with the spring between the bottom inner wall of lower storage tank and the fixture block.

Furthermore, the inner wall of the third runner is provided with a first water retaining block in a sliding manner, a fourth runner and a fifth runner are arranged inside the control seat, two ends of the fourth runner are communicated with the third runner and the second runner respectively, the inner wall of the third runner on the adjacent side of the fourth runner is recessed inwards for a certain distance, the inner wall of the second runner is provided with a second water retaining block in a sliding manner, two ends of the fifth runner are communicated with the second runner and the liquid outlet hose respectively, and the inner wall of the second runner on the adjacent side of the fifth runner is recessed inwards for a certain distance.

Further, be provided with stand auto-change over device on the thighbone ankle, stand auto-change over device includes square pole, the top of stand has been link up and has been seted up the quad slit, square pole slides and passes the quad slit, the top of shin bone gasket is passed through welded fastening has the bearing frame, the bearing frame rotates with the stand to be connected, square groove has been seted up at the top of bearing frame, the inner wall and the square pole in square groove contact.

Furthermore, threaded holes are formed in the two sides of the femoral ankle in a penetrating mode, inner walls of the two ends of each threaded hole are movably connected with threaded blocks through threads, pressing rods are fixed between the threaded blocks through welding, the pressing rods are in contact with the tops of the square rods, and the pressing rods are located at the eccentric positions of the threaded blocks.

Furthermore, the fixture block is round table-shaped, the upper accommodating groove is round table-shaped, and the lower accommodating groove is cylindrical.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: in the invention, the raw materials are mixed,

(1) the thickness angle adjusting block is arranged, so that the femoral ankles have different thicknesses, different bending angles of the knee joints are achieved through the angle design of the joint surfaces of the tibial gaskets, and the transformation is distinguished through different types of products;

(2) through the arrangement of the rotary fixed switching device, the driving clamping blocks are retracted into the grooves by pressing the three pressing blocks through hydraulic pressure, the use modes of the rotary platform and the fixed platform are adjusted, the effect of conveniently switching the operation modes is achieved, and switching can be performed without performing an operation;

(3) by arranging the second water retaining block, the first water retaining block and other components, the effect of switching the rotating platform and the fixed platform can be realized only by pressing in a certain sequence, the potential safety hazard problem caused by mistaken collision or mistaken touch is prevented, and the use safety is improved;

(4) by arranging the components such as the square rod, the bearing seat and the like, the stand column and the tibial gasket can rotate relatively when the square rod is inserted into the bearing seat, the position of the femoral condyle is limited by the stand column, and the position is not limited any more when the femoral condyle is pulled out, so that the knee joint can be suitable for occasions with or without cruciate ligaments;

(5) through being provided with screw thread piece and depression bar, can rotate the screw thread piece and utilize the depression bar to extrude square pole into the groove in, can externally control, convenient operation.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the femoral condyle and hydraulic chamber of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the rotary stationary switching apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of area A of FIG. 3 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a front cross-sectional view of the tibial insert and thickness angle adjustment block of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the pillar switching device of the present invention;

in the figure: 1. the femoral condyle; 2. a tibial insert; 3. a thickness angle adjusting block; 4. a tibial plateau; 5. a rotating fixed switching device; 6. an upright column switching device; 11. a threaded hole; 21. a column; 211. a square hole; 311. a square hole; 22. a rotating shaft; 23. an upper accommodating groove; 24. a sealing block; 31. a clamping block; 32. a lower accommodating groove; 321. a spring; 51. a first pressing block; 52. a second pressing block; 53. a third pressing block; 54. a hydraulic chamber; 55. a liquid inlet hose; 56. a control seat; 561. a first flow passage; 562. a second flow passage; 5621. a second water retaining block; 563. a third flow path; 5631. a first water retaining block; 564. a fourth flow path; 565. a fifth flow channel; 57. a liquid outlet hose; 571. pipe distribution; 61. a thread block; 62. a pressure lever; 63. a square rod; 64. a bearing seat; 641. a square groove.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a knee joint prosthesis comprises atibial platform 4, a thicknessangle adjusting block 3 is fixed at the top of thetibial platform 4 through a clamping block, clamping blocks 31 are evenly arranged at the top of the thicknessangle adjusting block 3, atibial gasket 2 is arranged at the top of the thicknessangle adjusting block 3, a rotatingshaft 22 is installed at the bottom of thetibial gasket 2, the rotatingshaft 22 penetrates through the thicknessangle adjusting block 3 in a sliding mode and is movably embedded into thetibial platform 4, astand column 21 is installed at the top of thetibial gasket 2, afemoral condyle 1 is arranged at the top of thetibial gasket 2, thefemoral condyle 1 and thestand column 21 are of a matched structure, the thicknessangle adjusting block 3 is used for adjusting the height of thefemoral condyle 1, the buckling angle can be adjusted through different heights and inclination angles, thestand column 21 is used for limiting the position of thefemoral condyle 1 when ligaments are cut away in a crossed mode, and the clamping blocks 31 are used for preventing thetibial platform 4 from rotating relative to thefemoral condyle 1, this case is a fixed platform;

as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 5, a rotary fixed switching device 5 is arranged on the femoral condyle 1, the rotary fixed switching device 5 includes three hydraulic chambers 54 embedded in the side walls of the femoral condyle 1, a first pressing block 51, a second pressing block 52 and a third pressing block 53 are respectively arranged inside the three hydraulic chambers 54 in a sliding manner, a liquid inlet hose 55 is connected to the bottom of the hydraulic chamber 54 through a connection manner, a control seat 56 is arranged at the bottom of the liquid inlet hose 55, a first flow passage 561, a second flow passage 562 and a third flow passage 563 are arranged at the top of the control seat 56, the liquid inlet hoses 55 at the first pressing block 51, the second pressing block 52 and the third pressing block 53 are respectively communicated with the first flow passage 561, the second flow passage 562 and the third flow passage 563, a liquid outlet hose 57 is connected to the bottom of the control seat 56 through a connection manner, one end of the liquid outlet hose 57 is connected to a plurality of branch pipes 571 through a connection manner, upper accommodating grooves 23 are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the tibial gasket 2, the fixture block 31 is arranged in the upper receiving groove 23, the lower receiving groove 32 is uniformly formed in the top of the thickness angle adjusting block 3, the lower receiving groove 32 is slidably connected with the fixture block 31, the lower receiving groove 32 is communicated with the branch pipe 571, when the use mode of the rotary platform and the fixed platform is adjusted, the first pressing block 51, the second pressing block 52 and the third pressing block 53 are pressed downwards, at this time, the space of the hydraulic cavity 54 is compressed, the liquid in the hydraulic cavity 54 flows into the liquid inlet hose 55 from the hydraulic cavity 54 to enter the first flow passage 561, the second flow passage 562 and the third flow passage 563, flows into the branch pipe 571 from the liquid outlet hose 57, finally flows into the upper receiving groove 23, the fixture block 31 is pressed downwards until being separated from the upper receiving groove 23 to enter the lower receiving groove 32, at this time, the thickness angle adjusting block 3 can rotate relative to the tibial gasket 2, when locking is needed, the first pressing block 51, the second pressing block 52 and the third pressing block 53 are pulled reversely, so that the pressure intensity of the fixture block 31 can be changed to retract the upper receiving groove 23, the clamping is realized, the effect of conveniently switching the operation modes is achieved, and the operation can be switched without an operation;

as shown in fig. 6, the sealingblock 24 is slidably disposed inside the upper receivinggroove 23, the bottom of the sealingblock 24 contacts with thefixture block 31, aspring 321 is disposed between the inner wall of the bottom of thelower receiving groove 32 and thefixture block 31, thespring 321 is used for automatically rebounding when pressure is not applied to the firstpressing block 51, the secondpressing block 52 and the thirdpressing block 53 by hands, and does not need to be pulled upwards, and is suitable for an occasion of locking at ordinary times, the sealingblock 24 and the inner wall of the upper receivinggroove 23 form a movable closed space to prevent liquid from flowing out, when thefixture block 31 is pressed to the lowest position, the sealingblock 24 is flush with the bottom wall of thetibial gasket 2, and at this time, the bottom of thetibial gasket 2 is a smooth surface, so that an effect of convenient sliding is achieved;

as shown in fig. 3 to 4, the inner wall of the third flow channel 563 is slidably provided with a first water stop 5631, the control seat 56 is provided with a fourth flow channel 564 and a fifth flow channel 565, two ends of the fourth flow channel 564 are respectively communicated with the third flow channel 563 and the second flow channel 562, the inner wall of the third flow channel 563 located at the adjacent side of the fourth flow channel 564 is recessed inward by a certain distance, the inner wall of the second flow channel 562 is slidably provided with a second water stop 5621, two ends of the fifth flow channel 565 are respectively communicated with the second flow channel 562 and the liquid outlet hose 57, the inner wall of the second flow channel 562 located at the adjacent side of the fifth flow channel 565 is recessed inward by a certain distance, when the first pressing block 51 is pressed first, the first water stop 561 is pushed up by the liquid in the first flow channel 561, at this time, the liquid can enter the fourth flow channel 564 from the third flow channel 563 by the certain distance when the second pressing block 52 is pressed next, next, the pressure of the fourth flow channel 564 is increased to jack the second water blocking block 5621 upwards, and the second flow channel 562 is recessed inwards by a distance t, so that when the third pressing block 53 is pressed downwards, liquid can flow into the fifth flow channel 565 from the second flow channel 562, and the fixture block 31 is pressed downwards;

as shown in fig. 7, thefemoral condyle 1 is provided with thepillar switching device 6, thepillar switching device 6 includes asquare rod 63, the top of thepillar 21 is provided with asquare hole 211 in a penetrating manner, thesquare rod 63 slides through thesquare hole 211, the top of thetibial gasket 2 is fixedly provided with a bearingseat 64 by welding, the bearingseat 64 is rotatably connected with thepillar 21, the top of the bearingseat 64 is provided with asquare groove 641, the inner wall of thesquare groove 641 is in contact with thesquare rod 63, when the bearing seat is used for an occasion with cruciate ligament positioning, thesquare rod 63 is pulled out of thesquare groove 641, the bearingseat 64 and thepillar 21 can freely rotate, when the bearing seat is used for an occasion without cruciate ligament positioning, thesquare rod 63 is inserted into thesquare groove 641, at this time, the bearingseat 64 and thepillar 21 are mutually fixed, thepillar 21 cannot rotate, and two usages are provided;

threadedholes 11 are formed in two sides of thefemoral ankle 1 in a penetrating mode, thread blocks 61 are movably connected to the inner walls of two ends of each threadedhole 11 through threads, the twothread blocks 61 are fixedly welded, apressure rod 62 is in contact with the top of asquare rod 63, thepressure rod 62 is located at the eccentric position of eachthread block 61, when the twothread blocks 61 are rotated simultaneously, thepressure rod 62 can be driven to rotate, the height of thepressure rod 62 can be changed when thepressure rod 62 is located at the eccentric position of eachthread block 61, thesquare rod 63 is driven to move downwards, a groove formed by connecting the thread blocks 61 and thepressure rod 62 needs to have a certain depth of accommodation amount, and the twothread blocks 61 can be conveniently folded inwards;

as shown in fig. 6, thefixture block 31 is circular truncated cone-shaped, the upper receivinggroove 23 is circular truncated cone-shaped, thelower receiving groove 32 is cylindrical, the circular truncated cone-shapedfixture block 31 is more smooth in the process of being received in thelower receiving groove 32, and the inclined outer wall of the circular truncated cone-shaped fixture block can be further extruded downwards when sliding relative to the outer wall of the bottom of thetibial gasket 2, so that a large shearing force is avoided, and the service life is prolonged.

Example (b): when the knee joint prosthesis is used, the thickness angle adjusting block 3 is used for adjusting the height of the femoral condyle 1, the bending angle can be adjusted through setting different heights and inclination angles, the knee joint prosthesis is suitable for different patients to use, and the use accuracy is improved; when the rotary platform and the fixed platform are switched, the fixture block 31 can be drawn back to the upper accommodating groove 23 by using pressure intensity change by pressing the first pressing block 51, the second pressing block 52 and the third pressing block 53, so that clamping is realized, the effect of conveniently switching the operation modes is achieved, and switching can be performed without performing an operation; the truncated cone-shaped fixture block 31 is more smooth in the process of being retracted into the lower accommodating groove 32, and the inclined outer wall of the truncated cone-shaped fixture block can be further extruded downwards when sliding relative to the outer wall of the bottom of the tibial gasket 2, so that the formation of larger shearing force is avoided, and the service life is prolonged; when the device is used for the occasion of positioning without cruciate ligaments, the square rod 63 is inserted into the square groove 641, at the moment, the bearing seat 64 and the upright post 21 are mutually fixed, the upright post 21 cannot rotate, and two usages are provided; when two screw blocks 61 are rotated simultaneously, the pressing rod 62 can be driven to rotate, and because the eccentric position of the screw block 61 is located, the height of the screw block can be changed during rotation to drive the square rod 63 to move downwards, the groove formed by connecting the screw block 61 and the pressing rod 62 needs to have a certain depth of accommodation, so that the two screw blocks 61 can be conveniently folded inwards, and the effect of safe use is achieved.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A knee joint prosthesis comprising a tibial plateau (4), characterized in that: the thickness and angle adjusting device is characterized in that a thickness and angle adjusting block (3) is fixed to the top of the tibial platform (4) through clamping, clamping blocks (31) are uniformly arranged on the top of the thickness and angle adjusting block (3), a tibial gasket (2) is arranged on the top of the thickness and angle adjusting block (3), a rotating shaft (22) is installed at the bottom of the tibial gasket (2), the rotating shaft (22) penetrates through the thickness and angle adjusting block (3) in a sliding mode and is movably embedded into the tibial platform (4), a stand column (21) is installed on the top of the tibial gasket (2), a femoral ankle (1) is arranged on the top of the tibial gasket (2), and the femoral ankle (1) and the stand column (21) are of a matched structure;

the femur ankle (1) is provided with a rotary fixed switching device (5), the rotary fixed switching device (5) comprises three hydraulic cavities (54) embedded in the side wall of the femur ankle (1), the three hydraulic cavities (54) are respectively provided with a first pressing block (51), a second pressing block (52) and a third pressing block (53) in a sliding manner, the bottom of the hydraulic cavity (54) is connected with a liquid inlet hose (55) in a through manner, the bottom of the liquid inlet hose (55) is provided with a control seat (56), the top of the control seat (56) is provided with a first flow passage (561), a second flow passage (562) and a third flow passage (563), the liquid inlet hose (55) positioned at the first pressing block (51), the second pressing block (52) and the third pressing block (53) is respectively communicated with the first flow passage (561), the second flow passage (562) and the third flow passage (563), the bottom of the control seat (56) is connected with a liquid outlet hose (57) in a penetrating manner, one end of the liquid outlet hose (57) is connected with a plurality of branch pipes (571) in a penetrating manner, the bottom of the tibial gasket (2) is uniformly provided with an upper accommodating groove (23), a clamping block (31) is arranged inside the upper accommodating groove (23), the top of the thickness angle adjusting block (3) is uniformly provided with a lower accommodating groove (32), the lower accommodating groove (32) is connected with the clamping block (31) in a sliding manner, and the lower accommodating groove (32) is communicated with the branch pipes (571).

2. A knee joint prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein: a sealing block (24) is arranged in the upper accommodating groove (23) in a sliding mode, the bottom of the sealing block (24) is in contact with the clamping block (31), and a spring (321) is arranged between the inner wall of the bottom of the lower accommodating groove (32) and the clamping block (31).

3. A knee joint prosthesis according to claim 2, wherein: the inner wall of third runner (563) slides and is provided with first manger plate piece (5631), fourth runner (564) and fifth runner (565) have been seted up to the inside of control holder (56), the both ends of fourth runner (564) link up with third runner (563) and second runner (562) respectively, third runner (563) is locating the inner wall of fourth runner (564) adjacent side and is inwards sunken to establish a section distance, the inner wall of second runner (562) slides and is provided with second manger plate piece (5621), the both ends of fifth runner (565) link up with second runner (562) and play liquid hose (57) respectively, second runner (562) is inwards sunken to establish a section distance locating the inner wall of fifth runner (565) adjacent side.

4. A knee joint prosthesis according to claim 3, wherein: be provided with stand auto-change over device (6) on thighbone ankle (1), stand auto-change over device (6) are including square pole (63), square hole (211) have been seted up to the top of stand (21) link up, square pole (63) slide and pass square hole (211), the top of shin bone gasket (2) is through welded fastening has bearing frame (64), bearing frame (64) rotate with stand (21) and are connected, square groove (641) have been seted up at the top of bearing frame (64), the inner wall and the square pole (63) of square groove (641) contact.

5. A knee joint prosthesis according to claim 4, wherein: threaded hole (11) have been link up to the both sides of thighbone ankle (1), there are screw thread piece (61), two through screw thread swing joint to the both ends inner wall of screw hole (11) between screw thread piece (61) through welded fastening there is depression bar (62), depression bar (62) contact with the top of square pole (63), depression bar (62) are located the eccentric position of screw thread piece (61).

6. A knee joint prosthesis according to claim 5, wherein: the fixture block (31) is in a circular truncated cone shape, the upper accommodating groove (23) is in a circular truncated cone shape, and the lower accommodating groove (32) is cylindrical.

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