CN111586132A - Agricultural data information acquisition method and system based on Internet of things - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及农业信息管理，更具体地说，它涉及一种基于物联网的农业数据信息采集方法及系统。The invention relates to agricultural information management, and more particularly, to a method and system for collecting agricultural data information based on the Internet of Things.
背景技术Background technique
目前的农业管理系统大多是基于NB-IoT通信，在较偏远的山区运营商无基站的环境下不能保障其系统正常运作。另外通过NB-IoT发送信息数据，需要先将数据完整地上交给运营商，用户对自己农场数据的安全隐私无法得到有效保障。信息传输过程中方法单一，数据在传输过程中没有经过有效封装和加密处理，若其他人员使用有相同无线通信模块及设备的情况下容易截取数据并且篡改数据，系统的安全稳定性无法得到保障。Most of the current agricultural management systems are based on NB-IoT communication, which cannot guarantee the normal operation of their systems in the environment where operators in remote mountainous areas do not have base stations. In addition, to send information data through NB-IoT, the data needs to be completely handed over to the operator first, and the security and privacy of users' own farm data cannot be effectively guaranteed. There is a single method in the information transmission process, and the data is not effectively encapsulated and encrypted during the transmission process. If other personnel use the same wireless communication module and equipment, it is easy to intercept and tamper with the data, and the security and stability of the system cannot be guaranteed.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的上述不足，本发明的目的一是提供一种安全性高的基于物联网的农业数据信息采集方法。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is aimed at the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art. The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for collecting agricultural data information based on the Internet of Things with high security.
本发明的目的二是提供一种安全性高的基于物联网的农业数据信息采集系统。The second objective of the present invention is to provide a highly secure agricultural data information collection system based on the Internet of Things.
为了实现上述目的一，本发明提供一种基于物联网的农业数据信息采集方法，所述方法包括：In order to achieve the above object one, the present invention provides a method for collecting agricultural data information based on the Internet of Things, the method comprising:
实时采集农业现场的环境数据；Real-time collection of environmental data on agricultural sites;
对所述环境数据进行特定格式封装得到封装数据；Encapsulating the environment data in a specific format to obtain encapsulated data;
对所述封装数据进行加密处理得到加密数据：Encrypting the encapsulated data to obtain encrypted data:
将所述加密数据发送到嵌入式终端；sending the encrypted data to the embedded terminal;
所述嵌入式终端对接收到的加密数据进行预处理；The embedded terminal preprocesses the received encrypted data;
所述嵌入式终端将预处理过的加密数据进行解密得到解密数据，并将所述解密数据保存到本地数据库或发送到云服务器进行保存；The embedded terminal decrypts the preprocessed encrypted data to obtain decrypted data, and saves the decrypted data to a local database or sends it to a cloud server for storage;
所述云服务器发送所述解密数据到用户端；接收所述用户端发送的操作指令；对所述操作指令进行加密处理，并发送所述加密后的指令到所述嵌入式终端；The cloud server sends the decrypted data to the client; receives the operation instruction sent by the client; encrypts the operation instruction, and sends the encrypted instruction to the embedded terminal;
接收所述嵌入式终端发送的加密指令并进行解密得到解密操作指令，根据所述解密操作指令控制农业现场的设备运行；Receive the encrypted instruction sent by the embedded terminal and decrypt to obtain a decryption operation instruction, and control the operation of the equipment in the agricultural field according to the decryption operation instruction;
将所述农业现场设备的运行状态及运行结果数据进行加密处理并发送至所述嵌入式终端。The operation status and operation result data of the agricultural field equipment are encrypted and sent to the embedded terminal.
作为进一步地改进，所述特定格式为JSON格式。As a further improvement, the specific format is JSON format.
进一步地，所述加密处理为采用TEA加密算法对所述封装数据进行32轮的加密。Further, the encryption process is to perform 32 rounds of encryption on the encapsulated data by using the TEA encryption algorithm.
进一步地，所述预处理为结合签到码以及循环冗余校验来判断所述加密数据的完整性及格式有效性，若判断无效则丢弃所述加密数据。Further, the preprocessing is to judge the integrity and format validity of the encrypted data in combination with the sign-in code and the cyclic redundancy check, and discard the encrypted data if it is judged to be invalid.
进一步地，所述嵌入式终端对所述解密数据进行可视化处理。Further, the embedded terminal performs visualization processing on the decrypted data.
进一步地，所述嵌入式终端发送的操作指令来源于所述嵌入式终端本身或云服务器。Further, the operation instruction sent by the embedded terminal comes from the embedded terminal itself or a cloud server.
为了实现上述目的二，本发明提供一种基于物联网的农业数据信息采集系统，包括节点传感器单元、第一终端、嵌入式终端、云服务器、用户端，所述第一终端分别通信连接所述节点传感器单元、嵌入式终端，所述嵌入式终端通信连接所述云服务器，所述云服务器通信连接所述用户端；所述节点传感器单元用于实时采集农业现场的环境数据并发送到所述第一终端；所述第一终端用于对所述环境数据进行特定格式封装得到封装数据，对所述封装数据进行加密处理得到加密数据，将所述加密数据发送到所述嵌入式终端；所述嵌入式终端用于对接收到的加密数据进行预处理，将预处理过的加密数据进行解密得到解密数据，并将所述解密数据保存到本地数据库或发送到云服务器进行保存；所述云服务器用于发送所述解密数据到所述用户端，接收所述用户端发送的操作指令，并发送所述操作指令到所述嵌入式终端；所述第一终端还用于接收所述嵌入式终端发送的操作指令，并根据所述操作指令控制农业现场的设备运行；所述第一终端将所述农业现场设备的运行状态及运行结果数据进行加密处理发送至所述嵌入式终端。In order to achieve the second objective above, the present invention provides an agricultural data information collection system based on the Internet of Things, including a node sensor unit, a first terminal, an embedded terminal, a cloud server, and a user terminal, wherein the first terminal is respectively connected to the A node sensor unit and an embedded terminal, the embedded terminal communicates with the cloud server, and the cloud server communicates with the client; the node sensor unit is used for real-time collection of environmental data on agricultural sites and sent to the a first terminal; the first terminal is used to encapsulate the environmental data in a specific format to obtain encapsulated data, encrypt the encapsulated data to obtain encrypted data, and send the encrypted data to the embedded terminal; the The embedded terminal is used to preprocess the received encrypted data, decrypt the preprocessed encrypted data to obtain decrypted data, and save the decrypted data to a local database or send it to a cloud server for storage; the cloud The server is configured to send the decrypted data to the client, receive the operation instruction sent by the client, and send the operation instruction to the embedded terminal; the first terminal is further configured to receive the embedded terminal The operation instruction sent by the terminal controls the operation of the equipment on the agricultural field according to the operation instruction; the first terminal encrypts the operation status and operation result data of the agricultural field equipment and sends it to the embedded terminal.
作为进一步地改进，所述第一终端包括相互连接的第一微处理器、第一通信模块，所述第一微处理器通信连接所述节点传感器单元，所述第一通信模块通信连接所述嵌入式终端。As a further improvement, the first terminal includes a first microprocessor and a first communication module connected to each other, the first microprocessor is communicatively connected to the node sensor unit, and the first communication module is communicatively connected to the Embedded terminal.
进一步地，所述嵌入式终端包括相互连接的第二微处理器、第二通信模块，所述第二通信模块通信连接所述第一终端、云服务器。Further, the embedded terminal includes a second microprocessor and a second communication module connected to each other, and the second communication module communicates with the first terminal and the cloud server.
进一步地，所述节点传感器单元包括温度传感器、湿度传感器、光照传感器、土壤传感器中的至少一种。Further, the node sensor unit includes at least one of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a light sensor, and a soil sensor.
有益效果beneficial effect
本发明与现有技术相比，具有的优点为：本发明通过高效的加密方法对数据信息进行加密不仅提高了农业数据信息的安全保障，还提高了农业信息化管理系统的应用场景兼容性，同时还拥有较丰富的可扩展性和延伸性。通过对数据信息进行统一的格式封装，丰富了数据的应用场景，让数据不仅限于提供给用户操作，还结合大数据技术为用户提供更好的数据信息服务。采用LoRa模块通过星型网络将各节点联系起来，可同时处理约100个节点设备信息，提高了数据交互的效率，同时解决了偏远地区数据通信的问题，用户无需将数据交给运营商，保证了数据的安全隐私。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages that: the present invention encrypts the data information through an efficient encryption method, which not only improves the security of agricultural data and information, but also improves the compatibility of application scenarios of the agricultural information management system. At the same time, it also has rich scalability and extensibility. By encapsulating the data information in a unified format, the application scenarios of the data are enriched, so that the data is not only limited to user operations, but also provides users with better data information services in combination with big data technology. The LoRa module is used to connect the nodes through the star network, which can process the equipment information of about 100 nodes at the same time, which improves the efficiency of data interaction, and solves the problem of data communication in remote areas. data security and privacy.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的数据传输方框图。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of data transmission of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图中的具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the specific embodiments in the accompanying drawings.
参阅图1，一种基于物联网的农业数据信息采集方法，方法包括：Referring to Figure 1, a method for collecting agricultural data information based on the Internet of Things, the method includes:
实时采集农业现场的环境数据；Real-time collection of environmental data on agricultural sites;
对环境数据进行特定格式封装得到封装数据；Encapsulate the environmental data in a specific format to obtain the encapsulated data;
对封装数据进行加密处理得到加密数据：Encrypt the encapsulated data to obtain encrypted data:
将加密数据发送到嵌入式终端；Send encrypted data to the embedded terminal;
嵌入式终端对接收到的加密数据进行预处理；The embedded terminal preprocesses the received encrypted data;
嵌入式终端将预处理过的加密数据进行解密得到解密数据，并将解密数据保存到本地数据库或发送到云服务器进行保存；The embedded terminal decrypts the preprocessed encrypted data to obtain the decrypted data, and saves the decrypted data to the local database or sends it to the cloud server for storage;
云服务器发送解密数据到用户端；接收用户端发送的操作指令；并发送操作指令到嵌入式终端；The cloud server sends the decrypted data to the client; receives the operation instruction sent by the client; and sends the operation instruction to the embedded terminal;
接收嵌入式终端发送的操作指令，并根据操作指令控制农业现场的设备运行；Receive the operation instructions sent by the embedded terminal, and control the operation of the equipment in the agricultural field according to the operation instructions;
将农业现场设备的运行状态及运行结果数据进行加密处理并发送至嵌入式终端。The operation status and operation result data of agricultural field equipment are encrypted and sent to the embedded terminal.
在本实施例中，特定格式为JSON格式，有利于不同平台对数据的处理。加密处理为采用高效安全的TEA加密算法对封装数据进行32轮的加密，保障数据安全的同时，提高了数据处理的效率。通过NB-IoT模块或LoRa模块将加密数据发送到嵌入式终端。预处理为结合签到码以及循环冗余校验来判断加密数据的完整性及格式有效性，若判断无效则丢弃加密数据，可以降低设备的功耗。若校验数据成功则对数据进行解密。In this embodiment, the specific format is JSON format, which is beneficial to data processing by different platforms. Encryption processing uses the efficient and secure TEA encryption algorithm to encrypt the encapsulated data for 32 rounds, which not only ensures data security, but also improves the efficiency of data processing. Send encrypted data to embedded terminal through NB-IoT module or LoRa module. The preprocessing is to judge the integrity and format validity of the encrypted data by combining the sign-in code and the cyclic redundancy check. If the judgment is invalid, the encrypted data is discarded, which can reduce the power consumption of the device. If the verification data is successful, decrypt the data.
嵌入式终端对解密数据进行可视化处理，方便用户操作处理。嵌入式终端发送的操作指令来源于嵌入式终端本身或云服务器。云服务器为用户端提供服务，用户端如移动端、PC端以及web端，用户可以随时随地通过不同平台登录查看数据，同时远程监控操作农业现场的设备运行，设备控制统一由嵌入式终端管理。用户可以通过嵌入式终端对农业现场的各个设备进行操作，通过搭载的通信模块发送相应指令给对应的设备，指令同样采用通过TEA加密后再进行发送，提高设备安全性。The embedded terminal performs visual processing on the decrypted data, which is convenient for users to operate and process. The operation instructions sent by the embedded terminal come from the embedded terminal itself or the cloud server. The cloud server provides services for the client, such as the mobile terminal, the PC terminal and the web terminal. The user can log in to view the data through different platforms anytime and anywhere, and at the same time remotely monitor the operation of the equipment operating in the agricultural field, and the equipment control is managed by the embedded terminal. Users can operate various equipment in the agricultural field through the embedded terminal, and send corresponding instructions to the corresponding equipment through the equipped communication module. The instructions are also encrypted by TEA and then sent to improve the security of the equipment.
一种基于物联网的农业数据信息采集系统，包括节点传感器单元、第一终端、嵌入式终端、云服务器、用户端，第一终端分别通信连接节点传感器单元、嵌入式终端，嵌入式终端通信连接云服务器，云服务器通信连接用户端；节点传感器单元用于实时采集农业现场的环境数据并发送到第一终端；第一终端用于对环境数据进行特定格式封装得到封装数据，对封装数据进行加密处理得到加密数据，将加密数据发送到嵌入式终端；嵌入式终端用于对接收到的加密数据进行预处理，将预处理过的加密数据进行解密得到解密数据，并将解密数据保存到本地数据库或发送到云服务器进行保存；云服务器用于发送解密数据到用户端，接收用户端发送的操作指令，并发送操作指令到嵌入式终端；第一终端还用于接收嵌入式终端发送的操作指令，并根据操作指令控制农业现场的设备运行；第一终端将农业现场设备的运行状态及运行结果数据进行加密处理发送至嵌入式终端，嵌入式终端将运行状态及运行结果数据保存到本地数据库或发送到云服务器进行保存。An agricultural data information collection system based on the Internet of Things, comprising a node sensor unit, a first terminal, an embedded terminal, a cloud server, and a user terminal. The first terminal is respectively connected to the node sensor unit, the embedded terminal and the embedded terminal. Cloud server, the cloud server communicates with the user terminal; the node sensor unit is used to collect the environmental data of the agricultural field in real time and send it to the first terminal; the first terminal is used to encapsulate the environmental data in a specific format to obtain the encapsulated data, and encrypt the encapsulated data The encrypted data is obtained by processing, and the encrypted data is sent to the embedded terminal; the embedded terminal is used to preprocess the received encrypted data, decrypt the preprocessed encrypted data to obtain the decrypted data, and save the decrypted data to the local database Or send it to the cloud server for storage; the cloud server is used to send decrypted data to the client, receive the operation instructions sent by the client, and send the operation instructions to the embedded terminal; the first terminal is also used to receive the operation instructions sent by the embedded terminal , and control the equipment operation of the agricultural field according to the operation instructions; the first terminal encrypts the operation status and operation result data of the agricultural field equipment and sends it to the embedded terminal, and the embedded terminal saves the operation status and operation result data to the local database or Send to cloud server for saving.
第一终端包括相互连接的第一微处理器、第一通信模块，第一微处理器通信连接节点传感器单元，第一通信模块通信连接嵌入式终端。嵌入式终端包括第二微处理器以及连接第二微处理器的本地数据库、第二通信模块，第二通信模块通信连接第一终端、云服务器。第一微处理器、第二微处理器均采用低功耗芯片，第一通信模块、第二通信模块均采用NB-IoT模块或LoRa模块。嵌入式终端上的NB-IoT模块或LoRa模块接收到加密数据后，首先会判断数据是否有效，采用结合签到码以及循环冗余校验的方法对数据完整性进行检验，可以减少数据在无线传输过程中受到环境、人为和设备等因素的干扰。如果数据不完整或者数据格式不正确将被丢弃，降低嵌入式终端的功耗以实现更长的工作时间。若确认数据完整且数据格式正确则第二微处理器对接收到的加密数据进行解密，解密时间可达到微秒级别，保证了数据的实时性。可以利用LoRa传输距离远，功耗低，成本低的特点，搭建星型网络，嵌入式终端可同时处理约100个第一终端的信息，提高数据时效性，降低节点设备部署成本并且降低节点设备功耗。The first terminal includes a first microprocessor and a first communication module connected to each other, the first microprocessor is communicatively connected to the node sensor unit, and the first communication module is communicatively connected to the embedded terminal. The embedded terminal includes a second microprocessor, a local database connected to the second microprocessor, and a second communication module, and the second communication module communicates with the first terminal and the cloud server. Both the first microprocessor and the second microprocessor use low-power chips, and the first communication module and the second communication module both use an NB-IoT module or a LoRa module. After the NB-IoT module or LoRa module on the embedded terminal receives the encrypted data, it will first judge whether the data is valid, and use the method of combining the sign-in code and the cyclic redundancy check to check the data integrity, which can reduce the number of data in the wireless transmission. The process is interfered by factors such as environment, human and equipment. If the data is incomplete or incorrectly formatted, it will be discarded, reducing the power consumption of the embedded terminal for longer operating time. If it is confirmed that the data is complete and the data format is correct, the second microprocessor decrypts the received encrypted data, and the decryption time can reach the level of microseconds, which ensures the real-time nature of the data. LoRa can use the characteristics of long transmission distance, low power consumption and low cost to build a star network, and the embedded terminal can process the information of about 100 first terminals at the same time, improve data timeliness, reduce node equipment deployment costs and reduce node equipment. power consumption.
节点传感器单元包括温度传感器、湿度传感器、光照传感器、土壤传感器中的至少一种，第一微处理器通过有线方式接收节点传感器单元采集到的数据。The node sensor unit includes at least one of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a light sensor, and a soil sensor, and the first microprocessor receives data collected by the node sensor unit in a wired manner.
用户可以在嵌入式终端中选择将数据保存至本地数据库中，确保了数据的安全性，同时也可以选择将数据上传至云服务器，节省本地数据库设备的部署成本，方便用户随时随地管理，提高数据的利用率。在云服务器，用户将数据存储至相应的数据库中，结合大数据技术，用户可通过用户端获取云服务器数据服务，如数据的可视化、数据异常预警、远程操控农业现场的设备，用户端如移动端APP、web浏览器或PC端浏览器。远程用户端以及本地嵌入式终端可以根据数据提示对各个农业现场的设备进行相应的操作，如灯光、水位控制器、风机、升温设备(水暖炉，热风炉)、用于报警的继电器，以满足对农业的各项控制需求。The user can choose to save the data to the local database in the embedded terminal, which ensures the security of the data, and can also choose to upload the data to the cloud server to save the deployment cost of the local database equipment, which is convenient for users to manage anytime and anywhere, and improves the data utilization rate. In the cloud server, the user stores the data in the corresponding database. Combined with the big data technology, the user can obtain the cloud server data services through the client, such as data visualization, data abnormality warning, remote control of the equipment on the agricultural site, and the client such as mobile APP, web browser or PC browser. The remote user terminal and the local embedded terminal can perform corresponding operations on the equipment of each agricultural field according to the data prompts, such as lights, water level controllers, fans, heating equipment (water heaters, hot blast stoves), and relays for alarms to meet the needs of Various control needs for agriculture.
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明结构的前提下，还可以作出若干变形和改进，这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which will not affect the effect and effect of the present invention. Utility of Patents.
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