CN111579011A - Walking type ADCP river flow testing method suitable for ultralow flow speed condition - Google Patents
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及河流流量测验技术领域，具体涉及一种适用于超低流速条件下的走航式ADCP河流流量测验方法。The invention relates to the technical field of river flow measurement, in particular to a navigation ADCP river flow measurement method suitable for ultra-low flow velocity conditions.
背景技术Background technique
河流流量是水文测验最重要的要素之一，随着技术的进步，走航式ADCP(声学多普勒流速剖面仪)法已成为水文行业流量测验的主要手段之一。该方法具有自动化水平高、时效性强的优点。River flow is one of the most important elements in hydrological testing. With the advancement of technology, the walk-through ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Flow Profiler) method has become one of the main means of flow testing in the hydrological industry. This method has the advantages of high automation level and strong timeliness.
为了保证测验精度，测验过程中需将船速Vb与水流平均流速VW(以下简称船速比
在库区等大水深、小流速的水体中，传统机械式流速仪因流速太低无法达到其启动流速，或垂线流速流向分布复杂等因素导致其无法使用，利用ADCP测流技术可克服上述技术困难。但由于水流十分缓慢，流态十分复杂，ADCP每次测流成果也不稳定，变化很大。为了满足《声学多普勒流量测验规范》(SL337-2006)规定的4个单次流量与平均流量相对误差均不大于5％的要求，水文测验人员需要在同一断面来来往往反复多次测流(以下简称“反复测流法”)，并在多次测流成果中采用“试错法”挑选满足精度要求的4次流量，将挑选的4次流量平均值作为测流成果。In the water body with large water depth and small flow velocity, such as the reservoir area, the traditional mechanical flow meter cannot be used because the flow velocity is too low to reach its starting flow velocity, or the vertical flow velocity distribution is complicated and other factors make it unusable. The ADCP flow measurement technology can overcome the above Technical difficulties. However, because the water flow is very slow and the flow pattern is very complex, the results of each flow measurement of ADCP are also unstable and vary greatly. In order to meet the requirement that the relative error between the four single flow and the average flow is not greater than 5% stipulated in the "Acoustic Doppler Flow Test Specification" (SL337-2006), the hydrological test personnel need to come and go on the same section repeatedly. Flow (hereinafter referred to as "repeated flow measurement method"), and the "trial and error method" is used to select the 4 flows that meet the accuracy requirements in the multiple flow measurement results, and the average value of the selected 4 flows is used as the flow measurement result.
反复测流法有两点不足：The repeated flow measurement method has two disadvantages:
1、工作量很大：由于反复测流法需在断面重复多次测验，需要耗费大量时间；比如对于一个河宽为200米的断面，在正常水流条件下测流只需1个小时；采用反复测流法，测流时间需3～4小时，最长需要8小时。1. The workload is very large: because the repeated flow measurement method requires repeated tests on the section, it takes a lot of time; for example, for a section with a river width of 200 meters, it only takes 1 hour to measure the flow under normal water flow conditions; Repeated flow measurement method, the flow measurement time needs 3 to 4 hours, and the longest time is 8 hours.
2、精度不可靠：ADCP流量理论上要求船速比k≤1，在实际应用中船速普遍大于流速，要完全做到船速比流速小比较困难，但要将船速比控制在一定的范围内，工程应用表明k≤5时测流精度可满足要求。在超低流速(流速0.002～0.005m/s)时，船速控制在0.1m/s时，其船速比k＝20～50，远远不能满足k≤5的要求，更无法满足k≤1的要求，导致ADCP测流不确定度很大，测流精度无法满足规范要求。因此，即便挑选了4次满足精度要求的流量，本质上其精度也是不可靠的。2. The accuracy is unreliable: ADCP flow theoretically requires the ship speed ratio k≤1. In practical applications, the ship speed is generally greater than the flow rate. It is difficult to completely achieve a smaller ship speed than the flow rate, but it is necessary to control the ship speed ratio to a certain value. Within the range, the engineering application shows that the flow measurement accuracy can meet the requirements when k≤5. In the case of ultra-low flow velocity (flow velocity 0.002～0.005m/s), when the ship speed is controlled at 0.1m/s, the ship speed ratio k=20～50, which is far from meeting the requirement of k≤5, let alone k≤5 1, resulting in a large uncertainty of the ADCP current measurement, and the current measurement accuracy cannot meet the specification requirements. Therefore, even if the flow rate that meets the accuracy requirements is selected four times, the accuracy is inherently unreliable.
综上，采用现有技术在超低流速下进行河流流量测验是十分困难的。To sum up, it is very difficult to carry out river flow test under ultra-low flow velocity using the existing technology.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明提供一种适用于超低流速条件下的走航式ADCP河流流量测验方法。In view of the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a navigation ADCP river flow measurement method suitable for ultra-low flow velocity conditions.
本发明公开了一种适用于超低流速条件下的走航式ADCP河流流量测验方法，包括：The invention discloses a navigation ADCP river flow test method suitable for ultra-low flow velocity conditions, comprising:
布设多条垂线，每条垂线上布设多个测点；Arrange multiple vertical lines, and arrange multiple measuring points on each vertical line;
将ADCP从断面的一岸运行至另一岸，记录岸别，并采用正常船速运行至相应垂线处开始测流；Run the ADCP from one bank of the section to the other bank, record the bank, and run at the normal speed to the corresponding vertical line to measure the current;
测船停在该测速垂线，通过ADCP直接测量垂线的平均流速，并记录测速开始、结束时间；The measuring boat stops on the vertical line of the speed measurement, directly measures the average flow velocity of the vertical line through ADCP, and records the start and end time of the speed measurement;
利用流速面积法计算断面流量。The section flow was calculated using the velocity area method.
作为本发明的进一步改进，按照《河流流量测验规范》的要求，选择测速垂线条数m，每条垂线测验历时Δt。As a further improvement of the present invention, according to the requirements of the "River Flow Test Specification", the number m of vertical lines for speed measurement is selected, and the test time of each vertical line is Δt.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述测速开始、结束时间之间的时间段不小于要求的测验历时Δt。As a further improvement of the present invention, the time period between the start and end times of the speed measurement is not less than the required test duration Δt.
作为本发明的进一步改进，还包括：As a further improvement of the present invention, it also includes:
重复上述步骤，完成断面m条垂线流速的测量；Repeat the above steps to complete the measurement of the flow velocity of m vertical lines of the section;
在ADCP测流数据文件中提取各垂线的流速，并将其测验时段的流速平均作为垂线平均流速，利用流速面积法计算断面流量。The flow velocity of each vertical line is extracted from the ADCP flow measurement data file, and the average flow velocity of the test period is taken as the average flow velocity of the vertical line, and the section flow rate is calculated by the flow velocity area method.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明的走停法ADCP流量测验方法采用1次测流即可完成流量测验，工作量小，精度可靠；可解决在超低流速条件下采用走航式ADCP测流工作量大、精度不高的技术难题，为超低流速下河流流量的测验提供解决方案。The stop-and-go ADCP flow measurement method of the invention can complete the flow measurement with one flow measurement, with small workload and reliable accuracy; It provides a solution for the test of river flow under ultra-low flow velocity.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一种实施例公开的适用于超低流速条件下的走航式ADCP河流流量测验方法的流程图。FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a navigation ADCP river flow measurement method applicable to ultra-low flow velocity conditions disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments These are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细描述：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
本发明的目的是在利用现有测验设施与装备的前提下，提供一种适用于超低流速条件下的走航式ADCP河流流量测验方法，用于解决在超低流速条件下采用走航式ADCP测流工作量大、精度不高的技术难题，为超低流速下河流流量的测验提供解决方案。The object of the present invention is to provide a navigational ADCP river flow measurement method suitable for ultra-low flow velocity conditions under the premise of utilizing existing testing facilities and equipment, for solving the problem of using the navigational type ADCP under ultra-low flow velocity conditions ADCP flow measurement is a technical problem with large workload and low accuracy, which provides a solution for the test of river flow under ultra-low flow velocity.
本发明走停法ADCP流量测验方法的原理为：The principle of the stop-and-go ADCP flow measurement method of the present invention is:
本发明“走停法”是将传统测流方法与ADCP测流技术优势相结合的一种适用于超低流速下的流量测验方法；传统测流法布设多条垂线，并在每条垂线上布设多个测点，在测点上利用机械式流速仪采集一定时段的流速，最后利用流速面积法求得流量。“走停法”流量测验原理是利用ADCP替换机械式流速仪，直接测量垂线平均流速，最终计算断面流量；由于ADCP测速工作原理所限，在不设定流向时，其测速垂线剖面无法分辨正负流向，需人为地设定流向。“走停法”中的“走”是将ADCP从一岸运行至另一岸，用于显式地给ADCP测速设定正负流向；“停”是在相应的测速垂线上直接测量垂线平均流速；最后利用传统流量计算方法计算断面流量。The "stop-and-go method" of the present invention is a flow measurement method that combines the traditional flow measurement method with the advantages of ADCP flow measurement technology and is suitable for ultra-low flow velocity; A number of measuring points are arranged on the line, and a mechanical flow meter is used to collect the flow velocity for a certain period of time on the measuring point, and finally the flow rate is obtained by the flow velocity area method. The principle of "stop-and-go" flow test is to use ADCP to replace the mechanical flow meter, directly measure the average flow velocity of the vertical line, and finally calculate the flow rate of the section; due to the limitation of the working principle of ADCP speed measurement, when the flow direction is not set, the vertical profile of the speed measurement cannot be To distinguish the positive and negative flow direction, the flow direction needs to be set artificially. The "go" in the "stop-and-go method" is to run the ADCP from one bank to the other to explicitly set the positive and negative flow directions for the ADCP speed measurement; "stop" is to directly measure the vertical flow on the corresponding speed measurement vertical The average flow velocity of the line; finally, the section flow is calculated using the traditional flow calculation method.
为实现上述目的，如图1所示，基于上述原理，本发明适用于超低流速条件下的走航式ADCP河流流量测验方法，包括：In order to achieve the above object, as shown in Figure 1, based on the above-mentioned principle, the present invention is applicable to the navigation ADCP river flow test method under the condition of ultra-low flow velocity, including:
步骤1、选择测验方案：布设多条垂线，每条垂线上布设多个测点，垂线上设置ADCP；其中，Step 1. Select the test plan: lay multiple vertical lines, lay multiple measuring points on each vertical line, and set ADCP on the vertical line; among them,
按照《河流流量测验规范》(GB 50179-2015)的要求，根据本站特性选择测验方案，选择测速垂线条数m、每条垂线测验历时Δt；According to the requirements of "River Flow Test Specification" (GB 50179-2015), select the test plan according to the characteristics of the station, select the number of vertical lines m for speed measurement, and the test duration Δt of each vertical line;
步骤2、“走”定流向：将ADCP从断面的一岸运行至另一岸，给ADCP测速设定正负流向；记录岸别，并采用正常船速运行至相应垂线处开始测流；Step 2. "Walk" to the fixed flow direction: run the ADCP from one bank of the section to the other bank, set the positive and negative flow directions for the ADCP speed measurement; record the bank, and use the normal ship speed to run to the corresponding vertical line to start the flow measurement;
步骤3、“停”测流速：测船停在该测速垂线，通过ADCP直接测量垂线的平均流速，并记录测速开始、结束时间；其中，Step 3. "Stop" to measure the flow velocity: the measuring vessel stops on the vertical line of the speed measurement, directly measures the average flow velocity of the vertical line through ADCP, and records the start and end time of the speed measurement; among them,
测速开始、结束时间之间的时间段不小于要求的测验历时Δt。The time period between the start and end times of the speed measurement shall not be less than the required test duration Δt.
步骤4、多垂线测验：重复步骤2、3，完成断面m条垂线流速的测量；Step 4. Multi-vertical line test: Repeat steps 2 and 3 to complete the measurement of the flow velocity of m vertical lines of the section;
步骤5、断面流量计算：利用传统法(流速面积法)计算断面流量；其中，Step 5, section flow calculation: use the traditional method (velocity area method) to calculate the section flow; wherein,
在ADCP测流数据文件中提取各垂线的流速，并将其测验时段的流速平均作为垂线平均流速，利用传统法流量计算程序完成断面流量计算；Extract the flow velocity of each vertical line from the ADCP flow measurement data file, and use the average flow velocity of the test period as the average flow velocity of the vertical line, and use the traditional flow calculation program to complete the section flow calculation;
步骤6、成果检查：按照相关的质量控制程序完成测验成果的检查。Step 6. Results inspection: complete the inspection of the test results according to the relevant quality control procedures.
本发明的优点为：The advantages of the present invention are:
本发明的走停法ADCP流量测验方法按照《河流流量测验规范》(GB50179-2015)的要求控制精度，采用1次测流即可完成流量测验；工作量小，精度可靠。The stop-and-go ADCP flow test method of the present invention controls the accuracy according to the requirements of the "River Flow Test Specification" (GB50179-2015), and can complete the flow test with one flow measurement; the workload is small, and the accuracy is reliable.
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN113049052A (en)* | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-29 | 长江水利委员会水文局长江下游水文水资源勘测局(长江水利委员会水文局长江下游水环境监测中心) | Flow measuring method for river with large sand content |
| CN113049052B (en)* | 2021-03-25 | 2023-08-15 | 长江水利委员会水文局长江下游水文水资源勘测局(长江水利委员会水文局长江下游水环境监测中心) | Flow measurement method for river with large sand content |
| CN113552027A (en)* | 2021-07-28 | 2021-10-26 | 长江水利委员会水文局 | A fast test method for traveling suspended sediment |
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