CN111524773B - Bremsstrahlung reflection triode with coaxial structure - Google Patents
Bremsstrahlung reflection triode with coaxial structureDownload PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明属于脉冲功率技术及应用领域，具体涉及一种用于提高低能X射线转换效率的同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管。The invention belongs to the field of pulse power technology and application, and in particular relates to a coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection triode for improving the conversion efficiency of low-energy X-rays.
背景技术Background technique
光子能量为10～100keV的脉冲硬X射线在系统电磁脉冲效应研究中有着重要的应用。由于X射线与物质相互作用产生的效应与光子能量相关，X射线光子能量过高会导致激励电流极性翻转，严重降低模拟的逼真度。因此，系统电磁脉冲效应试验要求X射线能量小于100keV，同时具有较高的辐射强度和辐照面积。Pulsed hard X-rays with photon energy of 10-100keV have important applications in the study of system electromagnetic pulse effects. Since the effect of the interaction between X-rays and matter is related to the photon energy, too high X-ray photon energy will cause the polarity of the excitation current to reverse, seriously reducing the fidelity of the simulation. Therefore, the system electromagnetic pulse effect test requires that the X-ray energy is less than 100keV, and at the same time, it has a high radiation intensity and irradiation area.
如图1和图2所示，采用强流脉冲电子束轰击高Z材料产生轫致辐射是获得X射线的基本手段。电子束与靶材相互作用，轫致辐射的能谱取决于电子能量，降低X射线能谱必须降低二极管工作电压。产生10～100keV的脉冲硬X射线，电子能量通常要降低到300kV以满足能谱要求。低能电子的轫致辐射转换效率降低，由于电压的限制，无法利用大型脉冲功率装置通过提高电压来提高轫致辐射强度。在二极管电压受限的条件下，通过降低二极管阻抗可以产生更强的束流，提高X射线强度。但是，降低二极管阻抗需要减小阴阳极间隙，阴极爆炸发射等离子体的运动将导致阴阳极间隙短路，无法将功率源的电能转化为电子束的动能。因此，单间隙二极管难以通过降低阻抗，获得足够强的束流，产生能谱逼真、大辐照面积和高能注量的脉冲X射线。利用反射三极管使电子多次穿透靶材可以大幅提高X射线转换效率。目前已有的轴向反射三极管，背向辐射的X射线无法利用，严重降低了X射线的利用效率；对称辐射反射三极管能够利用前向和背向的X射线，但无法将其汇聚到一个方向提高辐射强度。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the use of high-current pulsed electron beams to bombard high-Z materials to generate bremsstrahlung is the basic means to obtain X-rays. The electron beam interacts with the target, and the energy spectrum of bremsstrahlung depends on the electron energy. To reduce the X-ray energy spectrum, the diode operating voltage must be reduced. To generate pulsed hard X-rays of 10 to 100 keV, the electron energy is usually reduced to 300 kV to meet the energy spectrum requirements. The bremsstrahlung conversion efficiency of low-energy electrons is reduced, and due to the limitation of voltage, it is impossible to increase the bremsstrahlung intensity by increasing the voltage using a large-scale pulsed power device. Under the condition of limited diode voltage, a stronger beam current can be generated by reducing the diode impedance, and the X-ray intensity can be increased. However, reducing the diode impedance requires reducing the cathode-anode gap, and the movement of the plasma emitted by the cathode explosion will cause a short circuit in the cathode-anode gap, which cannot convert the electrical energy of the power source into the kinetic energy of the electron beam. Therefore, it is difficult for single-gap diodes to obtain a sufficiently strong beam current by reducing the impedance to generate pulsed X-rays with realistic energy spectrum, large irradiation area and high energy fluence. Using a reflective triode to make electrons penetrate the target multiple times can greatly improve the X-ray conversion efficiency. At present, the existing axial reflection triodes cannot use the backward X-rays, which seriously reduces the utilization efficiency of X-rays; the symmetrical radiation reflection triodes can use the forward and backward X-rays, but cannot focus them in one direction. Increase radiation intensity.
由于脉冲X射线负载的技术的限制，难以获得能谱逼真、高辐射强度、大辐照面积的X射线辐射环境，极大地制约了系统电磁脉冲效应及相关辐射效应的应用。研制新型X射线转换负载，提高电子转换脉冲硬X射线的转换效率和利用效率，是脉冲硬X射线产生技术急需解决的关键问题。Due to the technical limitation of pulsed X-ray loading, it is difficult to obtain an X-ray radiation environment with realistic energy spectrum, high radiation intensity and large irradiation area, which greatly restricts the application of the system electromagnetic pulse effect and related radiation effects. Developing a new type of X-ray conversion load to improve the conversion efficiency and utilization efficiency of electronically converted pulsed hard X-rays is the key problem that needs to be solved urgently in the pulsed hard X-ray generation technology.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明针对目前脉冲硬X射线负载转换效率和利用效率低的问题，提出了一种同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管，该三极管将高Z材料同轴薄靶作为阳极和转换靶，内外环状阴极在脉冲高电压下发射电子并多次穿透靶材，产生脉冲X射线。高强度电子束流产生的电磁场约束电子向一个方向运动，使脉冲X射线在使用空间叠加，从而提高脉冲X射线的转换和利用效率。Aiming at the problems of low conversion efficiency and utilization efficiency of the current pulsed hard X-ray load, the present invention proposes a coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection triode. The cathode emits electrons at a pulsed high voltage and penetrates the target multiple times to generate pulsed X-rays. The electromagnetic field generated by the high-intensity electron beam constrains the electrons to move in one direction, so that the pulsed X-rays are superimposed in the use space, thereby improving the conversion and utilization efficiency of the pulsed X-rays.
为实现以上发明目的，本发明的具体方案如下：For realizing the above object of the invention, the concrete scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管，包括真空腔室和位于真空腔室内的外阴极环、内阴极环、阴极基座、阳极、阳极夹持组件和阳极引入段；所述阴极基座固定设置在真空腔室内，包括同轴设置的外筒体和内筒体，所述外筒体和内筒体通过连接板固定连接，且连接板上设置有多个沿周向布置的通孔；所述外阴极环设置在外筒体的顶端，所述内阴极环设置在内筒体的顶端，且外阴极环和内阴极环位于同一水平面上，所述外筒体与脉冲功率源接地端连接，使外阴极环、内阴极环处于地电位；所述阳极引入段包括转接环和多根引杆，所述引杆的底端设置在脉冲功率源输出端，顶端穿过连接板上的通孔与转接环连接；所述阳极为圆筒结构，其底端通过阳极夹持组件设置在转接环上，顶端穿过内阴极环、外阴极环之间的径向间隙，且与内外阴极环保持同轴，所述阳极引入段与阴极基座通过通孔隔离绝缘，脉冲功率通过阳极引入段加载到阴阳极间隙。A coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection triode, comprising a vacuum chamber and an outer cathode ring, an inner cathode ring, a cathode base, an anode, an anode clamping assembly and an anode introduction section located in the vacuum chamber; the cathode base is fixed It is arranged in the vacuum chamber and includes an outer cylinder body and an inner cylinder body arranged coaxially, the outer cylinder body and the inner cylinder body are fixedly connected by a connecting plate, and the connecting plate is provided with a plurality of through holes arranged in the circumferential direction; The outer cathode ring is arranged at the top of the outer cylinder, the inner cathode ring is arranged at the top of the inner cylinder, and the outer cathode ring and the inner cathode ring are located on the same horizontal plane, and the outer cylinder is connected to the ground terminal of the pulse power source , so that the outer cathode ring and the inner cathode ring are at the ground potential; the anode introduction section includes an adapter ring and a plurality of lead rods, the bottom ends of the lead rods are set at the output end of the pulse power source, and the top ends pass through the connection plates on the connecting plate. The hole is connected with the adapter ring; the anode is a cylindrical structure, the bottom end of which is arranged on the adapter ring through the anode clamping assembly, and the top end passes through the radial gap between the inner cathode ring and the outer cathode ring, and is connected to the inner and outer cathode rings. The cathode ring is kept coaxial, the anode introduction section and the cathode base are isolated and insulated by through holes, and the pulse power is loaded into the cathode-anode gap through the anode introduction section.
进一步地，所述阳极夹持组件包括由外向内依次套装的夹持外环、夹持中间环和夹持内环；所述夹持外环固定设置在转接环上，所述阳极置于夹持外环、夹持中间环之间，并通过夹持内环压紧。Further, the anode clamping assembly includes an outer clamping ring, an intermediate clamping ring and an inner clamping ring that are sleeved from outside to inside in sequence; the outer clamping ring is fixedly arranged on the adapter ring, and the anode is placed on the adapter ring. The outer ring is clamped, the middle ring is clamped, and the inner ring is clamped to be compressed.
进一步地，所述夹持外环的内周面为垂直圆环形面，所述夹持中间环的外周面为垂直圆环形面，内周面为第一圆锥形表面，所述第一圆锥形表面的小端向上，大端向下，所述夹持内环的外周面设置为第二圆锥形表面，所述第一圆锥形表面与第二圆锥形表面配合，使得阳极被夹紧在夹持外环、夹持中间环之间。Further, the inner peripheral surface of the clamping outer ring is a vertical annular surface, the outer peripheral surface of the clamping intermediate ring is a vertical annular surface, and the inner peripheral surface is a first conical surface. The small end of the conical surface is upward and the large end is downward, the outer peripheral surface of the inner clamping ring is set as a second conical surface, and the first conical surface cooperates with the second conical surface, so that the anode is clamped Between the clamping outer ring and the clamping intermediate ring.
进一步地，所述外阴极环和内阴极环正对阳极的端面设置有矩形凹槽，用于增加阴极表面的电场强度。Further, the end faces of the outer cathode ring and the inner cathode ring facing the anode are provided with rectangular grooves for increasing the electric field strength on the cathode surface.
进一步地，所述外阴极环和内阴极环为高纯石墨材料矩形截面圆环。Further, the outer cathode ring and the inner cathode ring are high-purity graphite material rectangular cross-section circular rings.
进一步地，所述阳极为10～20μm圆筒状钽箔膜。Further, the anode is a cylindrical tantalum foil film of 10-20 μm.
进一步地，所述阳极与外阴极环之间的间隙为a1，所述阳极与内阴极环之间的间隙为a2，a1与a2的偏差小于0.2mm。Further, the gap between the anode and the outer cathode ring is a1, the gap between the anode and the inner cathode ring is a2, and the deviation between a1 and a2 is less than 0.2 mm.
进一步地，所述真空腔室的真空度小于1×10-2Pa。Further, the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is less than 1×10-2 Pa.
进一步地，所述引杆为12根，沿转接环的周向均匀布置。Further, there are 12 lead rods, which are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the adapter ring.
与现有技术相比，本发明技术方案具有如下优点：Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:
1、本发明提出的同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管通过电子多次反射打靶，电子打靶产生X射线后，电子能量降低并继续与靶材相互作用，相对于单间隙电子束二极管，该同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管充分利用电子动能，大幅提高X射线转换效率，同时反射的低能电子有利于降低X射线能谱。1. The coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection triode proposed by the present invention shoots the target through multiple reflections of electrons. After the electron shoots to generate X-rays, the electron energy decreases and continues to interact with the target material. Compared with the single-gap electron beam diode, the coaxial beam The structural bremsstrahlung reflection triode makes full use of the kinetic energy of electrons, greatly improving the X-ray conversion efficiency, and the reflected low-energy electrons are beneficial to reduce the X-ray energy spectrum.
2、本发明采用正高压驱动同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管，利用电子束流自磁场作用使电子向X射线辐射方向运动并打靶，产生的X射线集中在同一方向，相对于平面反射三极管，在相同输入条件下，该同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管有利于获得更高辐射强度，提高X射线的利用效率。2. The present invention adopts the positive high voltage to drive the coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection triode, and uses the electron beam to move the electrons in the direction of X-ray radiation and shoot the target, and the generated X-rays are concentrated in the same direction, compared with the plane reflection triode, Under the same input conditions, the coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection triode is beneficial to obtain higher radiation intensity and improve the utilization efficiency of X-rays.
3、平面型反射三极管由于结构限制不能同轴并联和串联工作，本发明采用同轴结构可实现反射三极管的同轴串联或并联工作，在X射线能谱限定条件下，应用于高电压脉冲功率驱动源，提高了脉冲功率源的利用效率，进一步提高了脉冲X射线的辐射强度。3. The planar reflection triode cannot work coaxially in parallel or in series due to structural limitations. The present invention adopts the coaxial structure to realize the coaxial series or parallel operation of the reflection triode. Under the limited conditions of X-ray energy spectrum, it can be applied to high voltage pulse power The driving source improves the utilization efficiency of the pulsed power source and further improves the radiation intensity of the pulsed X-ray.
4、本发明采用凹槽环形石墨阴极，增强了阴极局部表面电场，在输入脉冲波形不变的情况下，有效提高了阴极表面电场变化率，降低阴极表面空间电荷屏蔽效应的影响，进而提高阴极发射稳定性。4. The present invention adopts the groove annular graphite cathode, which enhances the local surface electric field of the cathode. Under the condition that the input pulse waveform remains unchanged, the change rate of the electric field on the cathode surface is effectively improved, the influence of the shielding effect of the space charge on the cathode surface is reduced, and the cathode surface electric field is improved. Launch stability.
5、本发明采用三环锥面阳极夹持组件，实现阳极钽箔膜的紧密压接和固定，避免μm量级钽箔发生褶皱，保证钽箔表面的平整度，提高了间隙电场一致性，实现环形阴极各点的均匀发射。5. The present invention adopts the three-ring cone-surface anode clamping component to realize the tight crimping and fixing of the anode tantalum foil film, avoid the wrinkling of the μm-level tantalum foil, ensure the flatness of the surface of the tantalum foil, and improve the consistency of the gap electric field. To achieve uniform emission at each point of the annular cathode.
6、本发明采用多根柱状阳极引入段，与阴极基座之间形成柱孔结构，实现高压脉冲的绝缘和馈入，同时多根并联结构可降低脉冲引入段的电感，减小对高压脉冲前沿的影响。6. The present invention adopts a plurality of column-shaped anode lead-in sections, and a column-hole structure is formed between the cathode base and the insulation and feeding of high-voltage pulses. Frontier influence.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为现有单间隙二极管的工作原理示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of an existing single-gap diode;
图2为现有轴向反射三极管的工作原理示意图；Fig. 2 is the working principle schematic diagram of the existing axial reflection triode;
图3为本发明同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管的工作原理示意图；Fig. 3 is the working principle schematic diagram of the coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection triode of the present invention;
图4为本发明同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管的结构示意图；4 is a schematic structural diagram of a coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection triode of the present invention;
图5为本发明同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管的阳极夹持组件结构示意图；5 is a schematic structural diagram of an anode clamping assembly of a coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection triode according to the present invention;
图6为本发明同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管的阳极引入段结构示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the anode lead-in section of the coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection triode of the present invention.
附图标记：1-外阴极环，2-内阴极环，3-阴极基座，4-阳极，5-阳极夹持组件，6-阳极引入段，7-真空腔室，8-脉冲功率源接地端，9-脉冲功率源输出端，10-夹持外环，11-夹持中间环，12-夹持内环，13-引杆，14-转接环，15-外筒体，16-内筒体，17-连接板，18-通孔。Reference numerals: 1-outer cathode ring, 2-inner cathode ring, 3-cathode base, 4-anode, 5-anode clamping assembly, 6-anode lead-in section, 7-vacuum chamber, 8-pulse power source Ground terminal, 9-Pulse power source output terminal, 10-Clamping outer ring, 11-Clamping middle ring, 12-Clamping inner ring, 13-Leading rod, 14-Adapter ring, 15-Outer cylinder, 16 -Inner cylinder, 17-Connecting plate, 18-Through hole.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的内容作进一步详细描述。The content of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
本发明提供了一种产生强脉冲硬X射线的同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管，如图3所示，将正高压脉冲加载到该轫致辐射反射三极管上，电子同轴发射，在自磁场作用下向辐射方向运动，通过电子多次反射打靶，充分利用电子动能，大幅提高了X射线转换效率，同时，产生的X射线集中在同一方向，相对于平面反射三极管，有利于获得更高辐射强度，提高X射线的利用效率。The present invention provides a coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection triode for generating strong pulse hard X-rays. As shown in FIG. 3 , a positive high voltage pulse is loaded on the bremsstrahlung reflection triode, electrons are coaxially emitted, and in the self-magnetic field It moves in the direction of radiation under the action, and shoots targets through multiple reflections of electrons, making full use of the kinetic energy of the electrons, which greatly improves the X-ray conversion efficiency. Intensity, improve the utilization efficiency of X-rays.
如图4至图6所示，本发明提供的同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管包括真空腔室7和位于真空腔室7内的外阴极环1、内阴极环2、阴极基座3、阳极4、阳极夹持组件5和阳极引入段6，上述所有部件置于真空腔内，实现电压脉冲的真空绝缘和阴阳极间隙电子发射、打靶，产生高强度脉冲硬X射线。As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 , the coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection triode provided by the present invention includes a
如图4所示，本发明阴极基座3具体可为不锈钢整体件，其固定设置在真空腔室7内，包括同轴设置的外筒体15和内筒体16，外筒体15和内筒体16通过连接板17固定连接，且连接板17上设置有多个沿周向布置的通孔18。外阴极环1通过螺钉设置在外筒体15的顶端，内阴极环2通过螺钉设置在内筒体16的顶端，且外阴极环1和内阴极环2位于同一水平面上。同时，外筒体15与脉冲功率源接地端8连接，使外阴极环1、内阴极环2处于地电位，构成内外两个电子发射极。阳极引入段6与接地阴极基座3通过真空间隙(即通孔18)隔离绝缘，将脉冲功率通过阳极引入段6加载到阴阳极4间隙。As shown in FIG. 4 , the
如图6所示，阳极引入段6包括转接环14和沿周向均匀布置的12根不锈钢圆柱引杆13，用于实现脉冲功率加载，同时减小引入结构电感。引杆13的底端采用螺纹设置在脉冲功率源输出端9，顶端穿过连接板17上的通孔18与转接环14连接，阳极引入段6通过阴极基座3的预留通孔18与脉冲功率源输出端9连接，实现脉冲功率的引入、绝缘，并加载到同轴反射三极管间隙。As shown in FIG. 6 , the anode lead-in
本发明阳极4为圆筒结构，其底端通过阳极夹持组件5设置在转接环14上，顶端穿过内阴极环2、外阴极环1之间的径向间隙，且与内、外阴极环保持同轴，形成两个同轴的阴阳极间隙。外阴极环1、内阴极环2在强电场作用下发射电子，将脉冲功率源的电磁能量转换为电子动能，产生的电子在自磁场作用下向外运动，多次穿透阳极4靶材，将电子动能转换为X射线。The
本发明阳极夹持组件5与阳极引入段6相连接，为三个环状不锈钢组合件；阳极4通过阳极夹持组件5固定，使其保持平整、稳定。如图5所示，阳极夹持组件5具体包括由外向内依次套装的夹持外环10、夹持中间环11和夹持内环12；夹持外环10底部通过止口紧密安装在转接环14上，其内周面为垂直圆环形面，夹持中间环11的外周面为垂直圆环形面，内周面为第一圆锥形表面，第一圆锥形表面的小端向上，大端向下，具体可为角度15度圆锥形表面。夹持内环12的外周面设置为与夹持中间内周面配合的第二圆锥形表面，且夹持内环12的底部通过压紧螺钉与夹持外环10连接，阳极4置于夹持外环10、夹持中间环11之间。旋转压紧螺钉，使得第一圆锥形表面向下运动，从而带动与其配合的第二圆锥形表面向外移动，进而压紧阳极4。The
本发明具体实施例中，阳极4具体可为10～20μm圆筒状钽箔膜，要求表面平整，与两侧阴极间隙一致，电子穿透阳极4形成多次反射，同时具有较高辐射效率。外阴极环1和内阴极环2具体可为高纯石墨材料矩形截面圆环，且外阴极环1和内阴极环2正对阳极4的端面设置有矩形凹槽，用于增加表面的电场强度，提高阴极发射的稳定性；真空腔室7的真空度小于1×10-2Pa。In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the
本发明提供了一种上述同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管的安装方法，具体包括以下步骤：The present invention provides an installation method of the above-mentioned coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection triode, which specifically includes the following steps:
步骤一、将12根引杆13通过螺纹紧固在脉冲功率源输出端9，然后将阴极基座3固定于脉冲功率源接地端8，引杆13穿过阴极基座3的通孔18形成同轴间隙，安装完成后，将引杆13与转接环14压紧固定，通过以上操作完成脉冲功率引出和阴、阳极的固定结构安装；
步骤二、根据阳极4预设半径计算周长裁剪钽箔，保持其完整、平整，将钽箔一边放置于阳极夹持组件5的夹持外环10和夹持中间环11之间，通过压紧螺钉对称均匀下压夹持内环12，利用锥面逐步压紧钽箔，保证表面无褶皱；Step 2: Cut the tantalum foil according to the preset radius of the
步骤三、将安装完成的阳极夹持组件5和阳极4整体安装到阳极引入段6的转接环14上，转接环14上设置与阳极夹持组件5相应尺寸的紧密配合止口，阳极夹持组件外环10与转接环14止口插接固定，保证二者同轴；
步骤四、在已知脉冲功率源输出阻抗和电压的情况下，根据式(1)计算得到反射三极管间隙d；根据该间隙将外阴极环1和内阴极环2采用螺钉固定在阴极基座3对应的位置；Step 4: Under the condition of known output impedance and voltage of the pulse power source, calculate the gap d of the reflection triode according to formula (1); according to the gap, fix the
其中，Z为脉冲功率源的输出阻抗，V为脉冲功率源的峰值电压，W为内阴极环正对阳极发射面的宽度，Ra和Rc分别表示阳极半径和内阴极环半径，J0为一维条件下的Child-Langmiur束流密度；Among them, Z is the output impedance of the pulse power source, V is the peak voltage of the pulse power source, W is the width of the inner cathode ring facing the anode emitting surface, Ra and Rc are the anode radius and the inner cathode ring radius, respectively, J0 is the Child-Langmiur beam density under one-dimensional conditions;
步骤五、利用阴极环通孔余量精细调节内阴极环和外阴极环位置，使得a1与a2的偏差小于0.2mm，保证阴极发射均匀性和束流对称性；其中，a1为阳极与外阴极环之间的间隙；a2为阳极与内阴极环之间的间隙；Step 5: Finely adjust the positions of the inner cathode ring and the outer cathode ring by using the through hole margin of the cathode ring, so that the deviation between a1 and a2 is less than 0.2 mm, so as to ensure the uniformity of cathode emission and beam current symmetry; where a1 is the anode and the outer cathode ring The gap between; a2 is the gap between the anode and the inner cathode ring;
步骤六、将安装完成的同轴反射三极管密封在真空腔室7内，抽真空至真空度小于1×10-2后，启动脉冲功率源，将脉冲功率加载到同轴反射三极管，反射三极管将电磁能量转换为X射线。
同时，本发明还提供一种上述同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管产生X射线的方法，包括以下步骤：At the same time, the present invention also provides a method for generating X-rays by the above-mentioned coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection transistor, comprising the following steps:
步骤一、将同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管置于真空腔内；
步骤二、将脉冲电压施加到同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管上，在脉冲电压作用下，同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管的阴极发射电子，电子穿透阳极并在空间多次反射打靶，产生在同一方向集中的脉冲X射线。Step 2: Applying a pulse voltage to the coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection triode, under the action of the pulse voltage, the cathode of the coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection triode emits electrons, and the electrons penetrate the anode and are reflected in space for multiple times to hit the target, resulting in Pulsed X-rays concentrated in the same direction.
将上述同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管安装完成后，其工作过程如下：After the above-mentioned coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection triode is installed, its working process is as follows:
1、正极性脉冲高电压加载到同轴结构轫致辐射反射三极管间隙，内、外阴极环表面在强电场作用下局部微凸起场致发射电子、爆炸形成阴极等离子体发射中心；1. The positive pulse high voltage is loaded into the coaxial structure bremsstrahlung reflection triode gap, and the surface of the inner and outer cathode rings is locally micro-convex field emission electrons under the action of a strong electric field, and the explosion forms the cathode plasma emission center;
2、阴极等离子体发射中心发射电子在空间电荷限制作用下被加速到阳极，形成电子束流，强度由式(1)给出；2. The electrons emitted by the cathode plasma emission center are accelerated to the anode under the confinement of space charge to form an electron beam, and the intensity is given by formula (1);
3、电子束与阳极靶相互作用，电子部分动能转化为X射线能量，内、外阴极环产生的电子穿透靶材分别向外阴极环和内阴极环运动，由于反向电场的作用，电子速度为零后再次反向加速向阳极运动，形成反射；3. The electron beam interacts with the anode target, and part of the kinetic energy of the electrons is converted into X-ray energy. The electrons generated by the inner and outer cathode rings penetrate the target and move to the outer cathode ring and the inner cathode ring respectively. After the speed is zero, it accelerates back to the anode again, forming a reflection;
4、在束流自磁场作用下，电子在反射过程中向X射线辐射方向运动，直至电子能量被靶材完全吸收，通过反射电子能量得到充分利用，提高X射线转换效率，电子向辐射方向运动，使X射线更加聚集，提高X射线的利用效率，获得高强度的脉冲硬X射线。4. Under the action of the beam self-magnetic field, the electrons move in the direction of the X-ray radiation during the reflection process until the electron energy is completely absorbed by the target, and the reflected electron energy is fully utilized to improve the X-ray conversion efficiency, and the electrons move in the direction of radiation. , make the X-rays more concentrated, improve the utilization efficiency of X-rays, and obtain high-intensity pulsed hard X-rays.
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