CN111519184A

Movatterモバイル変換

Info

Publication number: CN111519184A
Application number: CN202010372003.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈泉志; 劳远侠; 杨晶; 姚春兰; 蹇刘洋; 覃小英; 秦凯滢; 吴美锜
Original assignee: Nanning Normal University
Current assignee: Nanning Normal University
Priority date: 2020-05-06
Filing date: 2020-05-06
Publication date: 2020-08-11

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a repairing layer on the surface of a worn high-voltage switch contact. The method specifically comprises the following steps: after cleaning the worn part of the high-voltage switch contact, firstly carrying out surface pretreatment on the surface of the high-voltage switch contact by adopting laser remelting, and adjusting the chemical components of the high-voltage switch contact under the condition of not changing the overall performance of a contact base material. And then, repairing the worn part of the surface of the contact subjected to laser remelting treatment by adopting a laser cladding technology. The repairing layer prepared by the invention has no air holes or crack defects, so that the friction performance of the surface of the contact is improved; so as to improve the operation stability and reliability of the high-voltage switch cabinet. In addition, the invention can repair high-voltage contacts with different specifications and different abrasion degrees, and has the advantages of simple operation, high efficiency, low cost and the like.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种在磨损高压开关触头表面制备修复层的方法A method for preparing a repair layer on the surface of a worn high-voltage switch contact

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及电工材料修复技术领域，特别涉及一种采用激光重熔与激光熔覆相结合的工艺在高压开关柜触头表面磨损、缺陷的修复方法。The invention relates to the technical field of repairing electrical materials, in particular to a method for repairing wear and defects on the contact surface of a high-voltage switchgear by using a combination of laser remelting and laser cladding.

背景技术Background technique

电触头应用于各种高压断路器中，是各种电力开关的核心器件。整体触头的主要成分是铜(Cu)，其具有有意的导电、导热性能。但是，铜合金的硬度低，耐磨性差，在使用过程中容易磨损。目前，电触头磨损后基本是报废处理，浪费度极高，且针对其修复方案并不多见。为了延长电触头的使用寿命，节约成本，本发明采用激光重熔与激光熔覆相结合的工艺对磨损高压开关触头表面进行修复。首先改善触头基材表层的元素分布，再熔覆制备修复层，以达到提高修复层与基体之间的结合力，相关的学术论文或发明专利目前还未见报道。Electrical contacts are used in various high-voltage circuit breakers and are the core components of various power switches. The main component of the integral contact is copper (Cu), which has intentional electrical and thermal conductivity properties. However, copper alloys have low hardness and poor wear resistance, and are easy to wear during use. At present, the electrical contacts are basically scrapped after they are worn, and the waste is extremely high, and there are few repair plans for them. In order to prolong the service life of the electrical contacts and save the cost, the present invention adopts the combined process of laser remelting and laser cladding to repair the surface of the worn high-voltage switch contacts. Firstly, the element distribution of the surface layer of the contact base material is improved, and then the repair layer is prepared by cladding, so as to improve the bonding force between the repair layer and the substrate. The relevant academic papers or invention patents have not yet been reported.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种将激光重熔与激光熔覆相结合的新工艺，在高压开关柜电触头的磨损表面制备一层导电性能优异，耐磨性能好，无裂纹缺陷的修复层。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a new process combining laser remelting and laser cladding, and to prepare a layer of excellent electrical conductivity and good wear resistance on the worn surface of the electrical contacts of the high-voltage switchgear. , repair layer without crack defects.

本发明的技术方案为：一种在磨损高压开关触头表面制备修复层的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：The technical scheme of the present invention is: a method for preparing a repair layer on the surface of a worn high-voltage switch contact, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1)试样预处理；(1) Sample pretreatment;

先对高压开关触头表面的磨损处进行打磨、清洗；其中，打磨是使用200～1200^#砂纸逐级打磨，打磨后在丙酮溶液中超声波清洗10～15min，在用去离子水冲洗，然后室温风干；First, grind and clean the worn parts of the contact surface of the high-voltage switch; among them, the grinding is to use 200-1200^# sandpaper to grind step by step, after grinding, ultrasonically clean in acetone solution for 10-15 minutes, rinse with deionized water, and then at room temperature air dry;

(2)对预处理的试样进行激光重熔处理；(2) Perform laser remelting on the pretreated sample;

将经步骤(1)预处理的试样放入激光重熔设备进行激光重熔处理；设置参数为：光斑直径D为0.2～3mm，焦距H为150～250mm；激光功率P为80～500W，扫描速度V为50～600mm/min，搭接率M为15～65％，保护气体气流L为2～20L/min；Put the pretreated sample in step (1) into the laser remelting equipment for laser remelting treatment; the setting parameters are: the spot diameter D is 0.2-3 mm, the focal length H is 150-250 mm; the laser power P is 80-500 W, The scanning speed V is 50~600mm/min, the overlap ratio M is 15~65%, and the protective gas flow L is 2~20L/min;

(3)对激光重熔处理后的磨损处进行激光修复处理；(3) Carry out laser repair treatment on the worn parts after laser remelting treatment;

首先对熔覆材料与粘接剂搅拌，并涂覆在开关触头磨损处，厚度为开发触头尺寸1.2～1.5倍；然后，对熔覆材料进行干燥处理，干燥温度为30～80℃，时间为8～24h；通过激光熔覆处理使激光重熔处理后的试样表面和熔覆材料同时熔化并快速凝固成修复层；激光熔覆的工艺参数为：激光功率为100～800W，扫描速度V为20～500mm/min，搭接率M为30～60％，保护气体气流L为2～20L/min；First, stir the cladding material and the adhesive, and coat it on the worn part of the switch contact, with a thickness of 1.2 to 1.5 times the size of the developed contact; then, dry the cladding material at a drying temperature of 30 to 80 °C, The time is 8 to 24 hours; the surface of the sample and the cladding material after the laser remelting treatment are simultaneously melted and rapidly solidified into a repair layer through the laser cladding treatment; The speed V is 20～500mm/min, the overlap ratio M is 30～60%, and the protective gas flow L is 2～20L/min;

(4)对激光熔覆处理后的试样进行机加工、打磨及清洗后续处理，，使试样表面光洁，以使修复后的电触头表面性能达到行业标准，投入使用后能达到使用标准。(4) Machining, grinding and cleaning the sample after laser cladding treatment, so that the surface of the sample is smooth and clean, so that the surface performance of the repaired electrical contact can meet the industry standard, and can meet the use standard after being put into use. .

进一步地，所述高压开关触头为铜基合金触头。Further, the high-voltage switch contacts are copper-based alloy contacts.

进一步地，所述步骤(2)中激光重熔可进行二次或多次重熔，进一步提高步骤(3)激光修复处理中修复层与试样的结合力。Further, the laser remelting in the step (2) can be performed two or more times to further improve the bonding force between the repaired layer and the sample in the laser repairing treatment in the step (3).

进一步地，所述步骤(2)和步骤(3)中的保护气体为惰性气体，包括氮气、氦气和氩气的任意一种或混合物。Further, the protective gas in the steps (2) and (3) is an inert gas, including any one or a mixture of nitrogen, helium and argon.

进一步地，所述步骤(3)中的熔覆材料包括铜基自熔合金、镍基自熔合金、锡基自熔合金、钨基自熔合金、钛基自熔合金、铝基自熔合金、银基自熔合金、石墨烯、氧化石墨烯以及纳米陶瓷/金属基复合材料中的任意一种或混合物。Further, the cladding materials in the step (3) include copper-based self-fluxing alloys, nickel-based self-fluxing alloys, tin-based self-fluxing alloys, tungsten-based self-fluxing alloys, titanium-based self-fluxing alloys, and aluminum-based self-fluxing alloys , any one or a mixture of silver-based self-fluxing alloys, graphene, graphene oxide and nano-ceramic/metal-based composite materials.

进一步地，所述步骤(3)中的粘接剂为PVA。Further, the adhesive in the step (3) is PVA.

本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1、本发明采用激光重熔试样后结合激光熔覆的方法制备的修复层，与触头基材成冶金结合，无气孔缺陷，修复层均匀致密，性能优异。1. The present invention adopts the method of laser remelting and laser cladding to prepare the repair layer, which is metallurgically combined with the contact base material, has no pore defects, the repair layer is uniform and dense, and has excellent performance.

2、本发明激光重熔提高了表面粗糙度，从而提高修复层与试样的结合力；另外，试样的重熔处理可改善其表层的化学成分、组织，改善修复层与试样的过渡性，提高修复层的性能。2. The laser remelting of the present invention improves the surface roughness, thereby improving the bonding force between the repair layer and the sample; in addition, the remelting treatment of the sample can improve the chemical composition and structure of the surface layer, and improve the transition between the repair layer and the sample to improve the performance of the repair layer.

3、本发明采用激光熔覆技术对触头表面修复，具有高效、环保等特点，可大幅度提高其运行寿命，有效降低成本。3. The invention adopts the laser cladding technology to repair the surface of the contact, which has the characteristics of high efficiency and environmental protection, can greatly improve its operating life and effectively reduce the cost.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明实施例1中制备修复层的截面图。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a repair layer prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.

图2为本发明不同实施例中制备修复层的布氏硬度测量值。Figure 2 shows the Brinell hardness measurements of the prepared repair layers in different embodiments of the present invention.

图3为本发明不同实施例中制备修复层的电导率测量值。Figure 3 is a measurement of the electrical conductivity of the prepared repair layer in various embodiments of the present invention.

图4为本发明不同实施例中制备修复层的摩擦系数测量值。Figure 4 is a measurement of the coefficient of friction of the prepared repair layers in different embodiments of the present invention.

附图标记：修复层A、触头基材B。Reference numerals: repair layer A, contact base material B.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述，但不限制本发明的保护范围和应用范围。The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but does not limit the protection scope and application scope of the present invention.

实施例1Example 1

一种在磨损高压开关触头表面制备修复层的方法，包括以下步骤：A method for preparing a repair layer on the surface of a worn high-voltage switch contact, comprising the following steps:

1.试样预处理；先对35kV开关触头的磨损处用砂纸打磨至1200^#，在丙酮溶液中超声波清洗10min，然后用蒸馏水冲洗干净，吹风机冷风吹干；1. Pre-treatment of the sample; first grind the worn parts of the 35kV switch contacts to 1200^# with sandpaper, ultrasonically clean them in acetone solution for 10 minutes, then rinse them with distilled water, and dry them with a blower with cold air;

2.对预处理的试样进行激光重熔处理；激光重熔的工艺参数为：激光功率P为80W，扫描速度V为50mm/min，光斑直径D为2mm，搭接率M为15％，焦距H为209mm，保护气流L为2L/min；2. Carry out laser remelting treatment on the pretreated sample; the process parameters of laser remelting are: laser power P is 80W, scanning speed V is 50mm/min, spot diameter D is 2mm, overlap ratio M is 15%, The focal length H is 209mm, and the protective airflow L is 2L/min;

3.选取铜基合金粉末、钨基合金粉末、镍基合金粉、氧化石墨烯为熔覆材料，合金粉末的粒度为200～300目；对合金粉末进行干燥处理，干燥温度为120℃，时间为8h。3. Select copper-based alloy powder, tungsten-based alloy powder, nickel-based alloy powder, and graphene oxide as the cladding materials, and the particle size of the alloy powder is 200-300 mesh; the alloy powder is dried, and the drying temperature is 120 ° C and the time is 8h.

4.利用固体激光器对激光重熔处理后的试样进行激光熔覆处理，工艺参数为：激光功率P为800W，扫描速度V为180mm/min，光斑直径D为2mm，搭接率M为30％，送粉电压U为7V，焦距H为209mm，保护气流L为6L/min。4. Use a solid-state laser to carry out laser cladding treatment on the sample after laser remelting treatment. The process parameters are: laser power P is 800W, scanning speed V is 180mm/min, spot diameter D is 2mm, and overlap ratio M is 30 %, the powder feeding voltage U is 7V, the focal length H is 209mm, and the protective airflow L is 6L/min.

5.对激光熔覆处理后的试样进行后续处理，包括机加工、除油和打磨，使试样表面光洁，完成在铸铁表面制备无缺陷修复层。5. Follow-up processing of the samples after laser cladding treatment, including machining, degreasing and grinding, makes the surface of the samples smooth and completes the preparation of a defect-free repair layer on the surface of the cast iron.

如图1所示，采用扫描电镜对实施案例1所制备的样品截面进行分析，发现修复层A与触头基材B结合良好，修复层致密无空隙。As shown in Figure 1, the cross section of the sample prepared in Example 1 was analyzed by scanning electron microscope, and it was found that the repair layer A and the contact substrate B were well combined, and the repair layer was dense and free of voids.

如图2至图4所示，采用布氏硬度计测得修复层的硬度为：82HB，采用电导率检测仪测得电导率：86.5％，采用摩擦系数测试仪测得摩擦系数：0.25。As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the hardness of the repair layer measured by a Brinell hardness tester is: 82HB, the conductivity measured by a conductivity tester: 86.5%, and the friction coefficient measured by a friction coefficient tester: 0.25.

实施例2Example 2

2.选取铜基合金粉末、钨基合金粉末、铝合金粉末、氧化钪粉末为修复材料，合金粉末的粒度为200～300目；对铁基合金粉末进行干燥处理，干燥温度为100℃，时间为10h，干燥后送入光纤激光器的送粉装置。2. Select copper-based alloy powder, tungsten-based alloy powder, aluminum alloy powder, and scandium oxide powder as repair materials, and the particle size of the alloy powder is 200-300 mesh; the iron-based alloy powder is dried, and the drying temperature is 100 °C, and the time For 10h, after drying, it is sent to the powder feeding device of the fiber laser.

3.利用光纤激光器对激光重熔处理后的试样进行激光熔覆处理，工艺参数为：激光功率P为1800W，扫描速度V为540mm/min，光斑直径D为3mm，搭接率40％，送粉电压U为20V，焦距H为200mm，保护气流L为15L/min。3. Laser cladding is performed on the sample after laser remelting treatment with a fiber laser. The process parameters are: the laser power P is 1800W, the scanning speed V is 540mm/min, the spot diameter D is 3mm, and the lap rate is 40%. The powder feeding voltage U is 20V, the focal length H is 200mm, and the protective airflow L is 15L/min.

4.对激光熔覆处理后的试样进行后续处理，包括机加工、除油和打磨，使试样表面光洁，完成在铸铁表面制备无缺陷修复层。4. Follow-up processing of the samples after laser cladding treatment, including machining, degreasing and grinding, makes the surface of the samples smooth and completes the preparation of a defect-free repair layer on the surface of cast iron.

如图2至图4所示，采用布氏硬度计测得修复层的硬度为：80HB，采用电导率检测仪测得电导率：85.2％，采用摩擦系数测试仪测得摩擦系数：0.21。As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the hardness of the repair layer measured by a Brinell hardness tester is: 80HB, the conductivity measured by a conductivity tester: 85.2%, and the friction coefficient measured by a friction coefficient tester: 0.21.

实施例3Example 3

2.选取钴基合金粉末、镍基合金粉末、氧化铈粉末、石墨烯粉末为熔覆材料，合金粉末的粒度为200～300目；对钴基合金粉末进行干燥处理，干燥温度为120℃，时间为8h，干燥后送入光纤激光器的送粉装置。2. Select cobalt-based alloy powder, nickel-based alloy powder, cerium oxide powder, and graphene powder as cladding materials, and the particle size of the alloy powder is 200-300 mesh; the cobalt-based alloy powder is dried, and the drying temperature is 120 ℃, The time is 8h, and after drying, it is sent to the powder feeding device of the fiber laser.

5.利用光纤激光器对激光重熔处理后的试样进行激光熔覆处理，工艺参数为：激光功率P为2000W，扫描速度V为360mm/min，光斑直径D为3mm，搭接率50％，送粉电压U为30V，焦距H为200mm，保护气流L为15L/min。5. Use a fiber laser to perform laser cladding treatment on the sample after laser remelting treatment. The process parameters are: laser power P is 2000W, scanning speed V is 360mm/min, spot diameter D is 3mm, lap rate is 50%, The powder feeding voltage U is 30V, the focal length H is 200mm, and the protective airflow L is 15L/min.

6.对激光熔覆处理后的试样进行后续处理，包括机加工、除油和打磨，使试样表面光洁，完成在铸铁表面制备无缺陷修复层。6. Follow-up processing of the samples after laser cladding treatment, including machining, degreasing and grinding, makes the surface of the samples smooth and completes the preparation of a defect-free repair layer on the surface of cast iron.

如图2至图4所示，采用布氏硬度计测得修复层的硬度为75HB，采用电导率检测仪测得电导率：84.8％，采用摩擦系数测试仪测得摩擦系数：0.22。As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the hardness of the repair layer was measured by a Brinell hardness tester to be 75HB, the conductivity was measured by a conductivity tester: 84.8%, and the friction coefficient was measured by a friction coefficient tester: 0.22.

以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或简单替换，都应该涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or simple replacements that are not conceived of without creative work should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a repairing layer on the surface of a worn high-voltage switch contact is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) sample pretreatment;

firstly, polishing and cleaning the worn part on the surface of the high-voltage switch contact; wherein, the polishing is performed by 200-1200^#Polishing the sand paper step by step, ultrasonically cleaning the polished sand paper in an acetone solution for 10-15 min, washing the polished sand paper with deionized water, and then air-drying the polished sand paper at room temperature;

(2) carrying out laser remelting treatment on the pretreated sample;

placing the sample pretreated in the step (1) into laser remelting equipment for laser remelting treatment; the setting parameters are as follows: the diameter D of the light spot is 0.2-3 mm, and the focal length H is 150-250 mm; the laser power P is 80-500W, the scanning speed V is 50-600 mm/min, the lap joint rate M is 15-65%, and the protective gas flow L is 2-20L/min;

(3) carrying out laser repair treatment on the worn part subjected to laser remelting treatment;

firstly, a cladding material and an adhesive are stirred and coated on the worn part of a switch contact, and the thickness of the cladding material is 1.2-1.5 times of the size of the developed contact; then, drying the cladding material at the temperature of 30-80 ℃ for 8-24 h; through laser cladding treatment, the sample surface subjected to laser remelting treatment and a cladding material are simultaneously melted and rapidly solidified into a repair layer; the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 100-800W, the scanning speed V is 20-500 mm/min, the lap joint rate M is 30-60%, and the protective gas flow L is 2-20L/min;

(4) the sample after laser cladding treatment is machined, polished and cleaned to make the surface of the sample smooth, so that the surface performance of the repaired electric contact can reach the industrial standard and the use standard after being put into use.

2. The method for preparing the repair layer on the surface of the worn high-voltage switch contact according to claim 1, wherein the repair layer comprises the following steps: the high-voltage switch contact is a copper-based alloy contact.

3. The method for preparing the repair layer on the surface of the worn high-voltage switch contact according to claim 1, wherein the repair layer comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out secondary or multiple remelting on the laser remelting in the step (2), and further improving the binding force between the repairing layer and the sample in the laser repairing treatment in the step (3).

4. The method for preparing the repair layer on the surface of the worn high-voltage switch contact according to claim 1, wherein the repair layer comprises the following steps: and (3) the protective gas in the step (2) and the step (3) is inert gas, and comprises any one or a mixture of nitrogen, helium and argon.

5. The method for preparing the repair layer on the surface of the worn high-voltage switch contact according to claim 1, wherein the repair layer comprises the following steps: the cladding material in the step (3) comprises any one or a mixture of copper-based self-melting alloy, nickel-based self-melting alloy, tin-based self-melting alloy, tungsten-based self-melting alloy, titanium-based self-melting alloy, aluminum-based self-melting alloy, silver-based self-melting alloy, graphene oxide and nano ceramic/metal-based composite material.

6. The method for preparing the repair layer on the surface of the worn high-voltage switch contact according to claim 1, wherein the repair layer comprises the following steps: the adhesive in the step (3) is PVA.