技术领域technical field
本发明涉及交换机测试领域，尤其涉及一种核心交换机IPC带机量的测试系统及测试方法。The invention relates to the field of switch testing, in particular to a testing system and a testing method for the IPC capacity of a core switch.
背景技术Background technique
在实际监控应用场景中，一台千兆的交换机往往会被当做一台核心级交换机，下级再接入多台接入层交换机带载多台IPC(IP camera，网络摄像机)，对于核心级的交换机怎么去评估它带载IPC的能力，首先想到的是不断加载实际的IPC上去，通过接入NVR(Network Video Recorder，即网络硬盘录像机)观看监控画面卡顿情况，去实测交换机对于IPC带载的数量。这种实测的方式带来的成本高且受到NVR处理能力的局限，主要有两个方面：In the actual monitoring application scenario, a Gigabit switch is often regarded as a core switch, and the lower level is connected to multiple access layer switches to carry multiple IPCs (IP cameras, network cameras). For the core level How to evaluate the ability of the switch to carry IPC, the first thing that comes to mind is to continuously load the actual IPC to it, and watch the monitoring screen freeze by connecting to NVR (Network Video Recorder, that is, network hard disk video recorder), to measure the IPC load of the switch quantity. This method of actual measurement brings high cost and is limited by the processing capacity of NVR. There are two main aspects:
1.NVR的通道数和处理视频流的能力有限，通常64个通道的NVR，处理数据量只有256Mbps，意味着NVR可处理64个IPC约265Mbps的视频流。超过这个极限值，在NVR端将会丢弃处理不了的IPC视频流，从而引起视频卡顿，但对于一台千兆交换机来说，256Mbps远未达到它可转发的带宽。这种情况下，需要扩展多台NVR，去满足测试千兆传输的带载能力1. The number of channels of NVR and the ability to process video streams are limited. Usually, an NVR with 64 channels can process only 256Mbps of data, which means that NVR can process 64 IPC video streams of about 265Mbps. Exceeding this limit, the IPC video stream that cannot be processed will be discarded on the NVR side, causing video freezes, but for a Gigabit switch, 256Mbps is far from reaching its forwardable bandwidth. In this case, it is necessary to expand multiple NVRs to meet the load capacity of the test gigabit transmission
2.按照千兆带宽和IPC突发码流16M估算，假如同时突发，至少带载62个IPC，而实际情况存在所有IPC同时并发的情况很少，往往也是部分IPC并发，那么这个带载的数量将会大于62。并且IPC默认开启流控的情况下，带载的数量也会大大增加，那么就需要更多的IPC满足实测需求。2. According to the estimation of gigabit bandwidth and IPC burst code stream of 16M, if there are simultaneous bursts, at least 62 IPCs will be loaded, but in reality, all IPCs are rarely concurrent at the same time, and some IPCs are often concurrent. will be greater than 62. And when the flow control is enabled by IPC by default, the number of loaded loads will also increase greatly, so more IPCs are needed to meet the actual measurement requirements.
因此，现有的测试方式具有以下缺陷：Therefore, the existing testing method has the following defects:
1、通过实测带机量：对于千兆核心交换机带载IPC的能力测试，需要端口满载且接入实际的IPC进行测试，数量要求100～200台IPC，再加上NVR的通道数和处理视频流的能力有限,需要多台NVR同时测试，成本高。1. Through the actual measurement of the capacity of the IPC: for the ability test of the gigabit core switch to carry the IPC, the port needs to be fully loaded and connected to the actual IPC for testing. The quantity requires 100 to 200 IPCs, plus the number of channels of the NVR and the processing video The streaming capability is limited, and multiple NVRs are required to test at the same time, which is costly.
2.通过估算带机量：对于百兆且其下联可能无法再接入其它交换机扩展接入IPC数量的交换机，估算的带机量也许具有参考价值，但对于多端口的千兆交换机可扩展的接入IPC数量多，交换机的缓存大小决定了它处理并发流量的能力，进而限制了它的带机数量。统一用一种计算方式，对于千兆交换机的带机量将都相同，事实上不同缓存大小、不同芯片的带机量是不一致的。因此，无法准确计算实际带机量。2. By estimating the capacity of the host: For a switch with 100M and its downlink may not be able to connect to other switches to expand the number of IPCs, the estimated capacity of the host may be of reference value, but for multi-port Gigabit switches that can be expanded A large number of IPCs are connected, and the buffer size of the switch determines its ability to handle concurrent traffic, which in turn limits the number of its servers. Using a unified calculation method, the capacity of Gigabit switches will be the same. In fact, the capacity of different caches and different chips is inconsistent. Therefore, it is impossible to accurately calculate the actual load capacity.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决现有技术中在测试千兆交换机IPC带机量中遇到的问题，本发明提供一种核心交换机IPC带机量的测试系统及测试方法，将一台IPC的流量复制多份在交换机中转发，来节省IPC、NVR、接入交换机的数量。In order to solve the problems encountered in testing the IPC capacity of a Gigabit switch in the prior art, the present invention provides a test system and a test method for the IPC capacity of a core switch. To save the number of IPCs, NVRs, and access switches.
本发明测试系统包括管理交换机、NVR和一个以上接入交换机，其中，The test system of the present invention includes a management switch, an NVR and more than one access switch, wherein,
待测的核心交换机一端与所述NVR相连，另一端通过N个端口与管理型交换机的上行端口的N个端口相连，N为正整数，One end of the core switch to be tested is connected to the NVR, and the other end is connected to N ports of the uplink port of the managed switch through N ports, where N is a positive integer,
所述管理型交换机的下行端口中N个端口分别连接一个网络摄像机，所述网络摄像机分别通过一个管理型交换机的上行端口与待测的核心交换机相连，N ports in the downlink ports of the managed switch are respectively connected to a network camera, and the network cameras are respectively connected to the core switch to be tested through an uplink port of a managed switch,
所述接入交换机的一端连接M个网络摄像机，所述接入交换机的另一端与所述管理型交换机的其中一个下行端口相连，与接入交换机相连的任何一个网络摄像机的视频流能够广播到所述管理型交换机的每一个与核心交换机相连的上行端口，M为正整数。One end of the access switch is connected to M network cameras, the other end of the access switch is connected to one of the downstream ports of the managed switch, and the video stream of any network camera connected to the access switch can be broadcast to Each uplink port of the managed switch connected to the core switch, M is a positive integer.
本发明作进一步改进，所述管理型交换机为具备MAC地址学习关闭功能和QVLAN功能的交换机，通过这两个功能实现网络摄像机流量的复制。The present invention is further improved, and the management switch is a switch with the function of closing MAC address learning and the function of QVLAN, and realizes the replication of network camera traffic through these two functions.
本发明作进一步改进，所述待测的核心交换机和接入交换机均为千兆交换机。The present invention is further improved, and the core switch and the access switch to be tested are all gigabit switches.
本发明作进一步改进，所述管理型交换机的数量为1个或多个。As a further improvement of the present invention, the number of the managed switches is one or more.
本发明还提供一种基于所述核心交换机IPC带机量的测试系统的测试方法，包括如下步骤：The present invention also provides a kind of test method based on the test system of described core exchange IPC belt capacity, comprises the steps:
S1：配置管理型交换机参数，搭建测试系统，将待测的核心交换机、管理型交换机、NVR的端口按拓朴连接；S1: Configure the parameters of the managed switch, build a test system, and connect the ports of the core switch, managed switch, and NVR to be tested according to the topology;
S2：将N个网络摄像机接入到管理型交换机端口上，通过NVR管理上该N个网络摄像机；S2: Connect N network cameras to the port of the managed switch, and manage the N network cameras through the NVR;
S3：建立视频流复制的模型：连接接入交换机与管理型交换机，再逐个在接入交换机上连接网络摄像机，每接入一个网络摄像机，在NVR上监控到这个网络摄像机，观察NVR视频流量，直到交换机连接的网络摄像机出现卡顿；S3: Establish a video stream replication model: connect the access switch and the management switch, and then connect the network cameras to the access switch one by one, each time a network camera is connected, the network camera is monitored on the NVR, and the NVR video traffic is observed. Until the network camera connected to the switch freezes;
S4：逐个减少网络摄像机，直到交换机连接的网络摄像机开始不卡顿为止；S4: Reduce the IP cameras one by one until the IP cameras connected to the switch start to stop freezing;
S5：计算核心交换机的带机量。S5: Calculate the load capacity of the core switch.
本发明作进一步改进，所述管理型交换机连接8个网络摄像机，所述核心交换机的带机量计算方法为：带机量＝8+接入交换机下接的网络摄像机数量*8。The present invention is further improved, the management switch is connected to 8 network cameras, and the calculation method of the number of cameras of the core switch is: number of cameras=8+number of network cameras connected to the access switch*8.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：(1)节约NVR成本。NVR只处理每个IPC一份视频流量，其它流量只占用带宽不会占用NVR处理视频流的资源，而NVR千兆的带宽不存在瓶颈。(2)节约IPC成本。如果核心交换机和管理型交换机的链路增加，IPC的数量是成倍的增加，可任意调整IPC参数进行测试，而实际摄像头所增加的数量却不多。(3)节约接入交换机的数量，1台接入交换机可模拟多台。(4)对于带机量的结果具有较高的参考价值，因为核心交换机缓存中转发的均是IPC实际的视频流量。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) saving the cost of NVR. NVR only processes one piece of video traffic per IPC, and other traffic only occupies bandwidth and does not occupy the resources of NVR to process video streams, and there is no bottleneck in NVR gigabit bandwidth. (2) Save IPC cost. If the link between the core switch and the managed switch increases, the number of IPCs will increase exponentially, and the IPC parameters can be adjusted arbitrarily for testing, but the actual increase in the number of cameras is not much. (3) The number of access switches is saved, and one access switch can simulate multiple sets. (4) It has a high reference value for the result of the load capacity, because the core switch cache forwards the actual video traffic of the IPC.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明测试系统一实施例结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the testing system of the present invention;
图2为视频流复制示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of video stream replication.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
如图1所示，本发明测试系统包括一个管理交换机B、一个NVR和一个接入交换机C，其中，待测的核心交换机A一端与所述NVR相连，另一端通过8个端口与管理型交换机的上行端口的8个端口(端口11-18)相连，所述管理型交换机B的下行端口中8个端口(端口1-8)分别连接一个IPC(IPC1～8)，所述IPC分别通过一个上行端口与待测的核心交换机A相连，所述接入交换机C的一端连接8个IPC(IPC9～16)，所述接入交换机C的另一端与所述管理型交换机B的端口24相连。As shown in Figure 1, the test system of the present invention includes a management switch B, an NVR and an access switch C, wherein, one end of the core switch A to be tested is connected to the NVR, and the other end is connected to the managed switch through 8 ports The 8 ports (ports 11-18) of the uplink port of the management switch B are connected to each other, and the 8 ports (ports 1-8) of the downlink ports of the managed switch B are respectively connected to an IPC (IPC1～8), and the IPCs pass through a The uplink port is connected to the core switch A to be tested, one end of the access switch C is connected to 8 IPCs (IPC9-16), and the other end of the access switch C is connected to the port 24 of the managed switch B.
当然，本例的管理型交换机的数量可以为多个，而每个管理型交换机也可以接入多个接入交换机，所述管理型交换机和接入交换机下接的IPC数量也可以根据需求设置为其他数量。而IPC的流量资源，可根据IPC上的码流配置来调整，需要测试极限值的话，将IPC码流调整到最大值。Of course, the number of managed switches in this example can be multiple, and each managed switch can also be connected to multiple access switches, and the number of IPCs connected to the managed switch and the access switch can also be set according to requirements for other quantities. The traffic resources of IPC can be adjusted according to the stream configuration on the IPC. If the limit value needs to be tested, the IPC stream can be adjusted to the maximum value.
本例在IPC、NVR、接入层交换机测试资源有限的情况下，也可对核心层交换机进行带机量测试，且具有较高的参照价值。In this example, in the case of limited test resources for IPC, NVR, and access layer switches, it can also be used for on-load testing of core layer switches, and has a high reference value.
具体的，被测设备为千兆核心交换机A，本例以9口为例，管理型交换机B做为备测设备，是该测试方法的关键，它具备MAC地址学习关闭功能和QVLAN功能，通过这两个功能可实现IPC流量的复制。Specifically, the device under test is a Gigabit core switch A. In this example, 9 ports are taken as an example. The managed switch B is used as a backup test device, which is the key to the test method. It has the function of closing MAC address learning and QVLAN. Through These two functions enable replication of IPC traffic.
本发明的测试方法为：Test method of the present invention is:
(1)配置管理型交换机B的参数，对管理型交换机B作如表1所示的设置。接入交换机C上不用做任何配置但上联端口不应存在瓶颈，最好为千兆连接。(1) Configure the parameters of the managed switch B, and set the managed switch B as shown in Table 1. There is no need to do any configuration on the access switch C, but there should be no bottleneck on the uplink port, preferably a Gigabit connection.
表1Table 1
本例将P11～P18不学习MAC地址的原因如下：In this example, the reasons why P11~P18 do not learn MAC addresses are as follows:
首先交换机转发原理是当交换机端口收到报文后根据报文中的目的MAC地址在交换机地址表中查找到MAC地址对应的目的端口，再从该目的端口转发出去，如果查找不到目的地址，交换机将采用广播的方式将报文转发到VLAN内的所有的端口。First of all, the switch forwarding principle is that when the switch port receives the message, it finds the destination port corresponding to the MAC address in the switch address table according to the destination MAC address in the message, and then forwards it out through the destination port. If the destination address cannot be found, The switch will broadcast the message to all ports in the VLAN.
NVR与IPC之间通常采用单播的方式在交换机中转发两者的交互报文，当P11～P18没有学习到NVR的地址时，IPC1～IPC8发送的视频流将广播到端口对应的VLAN内，例如，P1端口接入IPC1的视频流会转发至P11和P24。NVR and IPC usually use unicast to forward the interactive messages between the two in the switch. When P11~P18 does not learn the address of NVR, the video stream sent by IPC1~IPC8 will be broadcast to the VLAN corresponding to the port. For example, the video stream connected to IPC1 on port P1 will be forwarded to P11 and P24.
转发到P11端口出去的视频流通过核心交换机A将单播转发给NVR，NVR的回应报文在交换机A内也是先根据IPC1的MAC地址转发至目的端口。再到交换机B的P11后根据P11的PVID和NVR回应报文的目的MAC地址转发到P1，之后IPC1接收NVR回应报文。The video stream forwarded to port P11 is unicast forwarded to NVR through core switch A, and the response message of NVR is first forwarded to the destination port in switch A according to the MAC address of IPC1. After going to P11 of switch B, it is forwarded to P1 according to the PVID of P11 and the destination MAC address of the NVR response message, and then IPC1 receives the NVR response message.
转发到P24端口的视频流到交换机C后会在入口被丢弃，因为NVR的MAC地址可以在交换机C的上联口被学习到，该视频流的目的地址就在视频流进入的端口，从而避免了IPC1的视频流广播到交换机C接入的IPC上，造成带宽拥塞。The video stream forwarded to the P24 port will be discarded at the entrance after being sent to the switch C, because the MAC address of the NVR can be learned from the uplink port of the switch C, and the destination address of the video stream is the port where the video stream enters, thus avoiding The video stream from IPC1 is broadcast to the IPC connected to switch C, causing bandwidth congestion.
本例的接入交换机C的数量可以随意增加，但在管理型交换机B上与之相连的端口应新添加一个VLAN的配置，端口VLAN配置与上述管理型交换机P24口相仿。The number of access switches C in this example can be increased at will, but a new VLAN configuration should be added to the port connected to it on the managed switch B, and the port VLAN configuration is similar to the P24 port of the above-mentioned managed switch.
本例通过QVLAN的设置，避免环路，广播风暴，由于一个IPC视频流多则十几M，避免IPC1～IPC16的视频流相互接收，占用传输带宽。In this example, through the setting of QVLAN, loops and broadcast storms are avoided. Since an IPC video stream is more than ten M, it is avoided that IPC1~IPC16 video streams receive each other and occupy the transmission bandwidth.
(2)先将核心交换机A、管理型交换机B、NVR的端口按拓朴连接；(2) Connect the ports of core switch A, managed switch B, and NVR according to the topology;
(3)将IPC1～8接入到管理型交换机B端口上，通过NVR管理上IPC1～8；(3) Connect IPC1~8 to port B of the managed switch, and manage IPC1~8 through NVR;
(4)连接接入交换机C与管理型交换机B，再逐个接入IPC9～16，每接入一个IPC，在NVR上监控到这个IPC，观察NVR视频流量，每增加1个IPC的接入，NVR端的输入流量增加1个IPC流量的8倍。视频流复制的模型，如图2所示；(4) Connect the access switch C and the managed switch B, and then connect to IPC9~16 one by one, each time an IPC is connected, the IPC is monitored on the NVR, and the video traffic of the NVR is observed. The input traffic on the NVR side increases by 8 times that of one IPC traffic. The model of video stream replication, as shown in Figure 2;
(5)观察IPC1～8是否有卡顿。IPC1～8是作为视频质量参考的IPC，由于这8个IPC在每个入口只有一份码流转发到NVR，如果这8个IPC其中有出现卡顿，说明核心交换机A入口缓存出现拥塞；(5) Observe whether IPC1-8 is stuck. IPC1~8 are the IPCs used as a reference for video quality. Since these 8 IPCs have only one code stream forwarded to the NVR at each entrance, if any of these 8 IPCs are stuck, it means that the core switch A entrance cache is congested;
(6)在接入交换机C上增加IPC，不局限于IPC9～16,可以增加更多的IPC(抢占核心交换机A缓存的视频流)，直到IPC1～8出现卡顿，说明核心交换机已超过可处理的数据量了，这时应开始减少IPC，直到IPC1～8开始不卡顿为止；(6) Add IPCs on access switch C, not limited to IPC9~16, you can add more IPCs (to seize the video stream cached by core switch A), until IPC1~8 freezes, indicating that the core switch has exceeded the available The amount of processed data has increased. At this time, the IPC should be reduced until IPC1-8 start to stop;
(7)按照如下公式计算核心交换机C的带机量：(7) Calculate the load capacity of the core switch C according to the following formula:
带机量＝8(IPC1-8)+接入交换机C下接的IPC数*8Number of hosts = 8 (IPC1-8) + the number of IPCs connected to the access switch C * 8
按以上实施例计算，如接入交换机C下接的IPC数可为24个，则带机量为8+24*8＝200个，实际上只使用了32台IPC，就可替代200台IPC的测试。Calculated according to the above embodiment, if the number of IPCs connected to the access switch C can be 24, then the number of hosts is 8+24*8=200. In fact, only 32 IPCs are used, which can replace 200 IPCs test.
因此，本发明具有以下突出优势：Therefore, the present invention has the following outstanding advantages:
1.节约NVR成本。NVR只处理每个IPC一份视频流量，其它流量只占用带宽不会占用NVR处理视频流的资源，而NVR千兆的带宽不存在瓶颈；1. Save NVR cost. NVR only processes one piece of video traffic per IPC, and other traffic only occupies bandwidth and does not occupy the resources of NVR to process video streams, and there is no bottleneck in the gigabit bandwidth of NVR;
2.节约IPC成本。根据以上例子，如果核心交换机A和管理型交换机B的链路增加，IPC的数量是成24倍的增加，如果接入层交换机C上的IPC增加，IPC的数量是成8倍的增加可任意调整IPC参数进行测试，而实际摄像头所增加的数量却不多；2. Save IPC cost. According to the above example, if the link between core switch A and managed switch B increases, the number of IPCs will increase by 24 times. If the IPC on access layer switch C increases, the number of IPCs will increase by 8 times. Adjust the IPC parameters for testing, but the actual increase in the number of cameras is not much;
3.节约接入交换机C数量，1台接入交换机C可模拟8台；3. Save the number of access switches C, one access switch C can simulate 8;
4.对于带机量的结果具有较高的参考价值，因为核心交换机A缓存中转发的均是IPC实际的视频流量。4. The result of the load capacity has a high reference value, because the core switch A cache forwards the actual video traffic of the IPC.
以上所述之具体实施方式为本发明的较佳实施方式，并非以此限定本发明的具体实施范围，本发明的范围包括并不限于本具体实施方式，凡依照本发明所作的等效变化均在本发明的保护范围内。The specific implementations described above are preferred implementations of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the specific implementation scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention includes and is not limited to the specific implementations. All equivalent changes made according to the present invention are Within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN202010436419.7ACN111447122B (en) | 2020-05-21 | 2020-05-21 | Test system and test method for IPC (IPC) tape mechanism of core switch |
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