CN111390256A - Connecting rod I-shaped groove machining process and non-standard cutter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a connecting rod I-shaped groove processing technology, belonging to the technical field of machining, the connecting rod I-shaped groove processing technology comprises the steps of preparation, programming, simulation, program introduction, blank fixation, cutter installation and trial cutting, processing and detection, the sizes of a connecting rod semi-finished blank and a non-standard cutter are input through software programming, a three-dimensional model is established and simulated processing is carried out, collision and interference which possibly occur in the processing process are simulated and corrected, the size control is completely controlled, the processing is fast and convenient, the product size consistency is good, the qualification rate is improved, the non-standard cutter is also provided, the non-standard cutter comprises a cutter body and cutter particles, the cutter body comprises a cutter handle and a cutter disc which are integrally formed, the cutter disc is provided with a plurality of cutter teeth, the cutter teeth are all provided with mounting holes, the cutter particles are screwed and fixed through compression screws, and by adopting the structure, the cutter of the integral cutter, the size error is reduced, the rejection rate is reduced, the surface roughness is improved, the cutter particles have interchangeability, and the cost is reduced.

Description

Connecting rod I-shaped groove machining process and non-standard cutter

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a connecting rod I-shaped groove machining process and a non-standard cutter.

Background

The connecting rod group comprises a connecting rod body, a connecting rod big end cover, a connecting rod small end bushing, a connecting rod big end bearing bush, a connecting rod bolt (or screw) and the like. The connecting rod group bears the action of gas force transmitted by the piston pin, the action of self swinging and reciprocating inertia force of the piston group, and the magnitude and the direction of the force are periodically changed. The connecting rod is subjected to alternating loads such as compression, tension and the like. The connecting rod must have sufficient fatigue strength and structural rigidity. The fatigue strength is insufficient, which often causes the fracture of the connecting rod body or the connecting rod bolt, and further causes the serious accident of the complete machine damage. If the rigidity is insufficient, bending deformation of the rod body and out-of-round deformation of the large end of the connecting rod are caused, resulting in eccentric wear of the piston, the cylinder, the bearing, the crank pin and the like. The connecting rod body of the vehicle engine mostly adopts an I-shaped section, the I-shaped groove can ensure the minimum quality under the condition of enough rigidity and strength, the I-shaped groove of the connecting rod is processed through manual operation in the past, the consistency of the product size is poor, the surface roughness qualified rate is low, and the processing technology is complicated.

Therefore, a connecting rod I-shaped groove machining process and a non-standard cutter with a digital control process, high product qualification rate and low cost are in urgent need.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a connecting rod I-shaped groove machining process and a non-standard cutter, which are used for solving the technical problems of poor size consistency, low roughness qualified rate and high cost of manually machined I-shaped grooves in the prior art.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a connecting rod I-shaped groove machining process comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: preparing a connecting rod semi-finished product blank and a non-standard cutter;

step two: programming, writing a processing program through software, setting processing parameters, establishing three-dimensional models of the connecting rod semi-finished product blank and the non-standard cutter, digitally simulating the connecting rod semi-finished product blank parameters and the non-standard cutter parameters, and performing three-dimensional simulation processing;

step three: simulation, namely simulating collision requirements and correction through the software simulation processing;

step four: program import, namely importing the machining program into a numerical control machine tool through an external meson;

step five: fixing the blank, limiting the connecting rod semi-finished product blank and fixing the connecting rod semi-finished product blank on a special fixture;

step five: mounting a cutter, namely mounting the non-standard cutter on a main shaft of the numerical control machine tool, and detecting a cutter pendulum s of the non-standard cutter through a lever dial indicator;

step seven: trial cutting, processing and detecting.

Further, in order to better realize the invention, the connecting rod semi-finished blank comprises a connecting rod big head, a connecting rod small head and a connecting rod body, wherein the connecting rod big head is provided with a big hole, and the connecting rod small head is provided with a small hole.

Further, in order to better implement the method, the programming of the second step includes establishing X, Y, Z a coordinate system of a drawing plane on a computer, inputting the length and width of the connecting rod and the depth dimension of the I-shaped groove, establishing a three-dimensional digital model, and inputting the processing parameters of the non-standard cutter.

Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the machining parameters include a feed speed, the number of teeth of the tool, and a cross-cut amount.

Further, to better practice the invention, the collision requirements include tool interference, fixture interference, and tool overcut.

Furthermore, in order to better realize the invention, the special fixture comprises a base plate, a telescopic screw rod, a first positioning shaft, a base plate and two guide plates, wherein the first positioning shaft is arranged at one end of the base plate, the two guide plates are arranged at the other end of the base plate in parallel at intervals, the base plate is arranged between the two guide plates, a second positioning shaft is arranged on the base plate, the connecting line of the first positioning shaft and the second positioning shaft is parallel to the length direction of the guide plates, one end of the telescopic screw rod is connected with the base plate to drive the base plate to transversely displace, the semi-finished connecting rod blank is arranged on the base plate, the first positioning shaft is connected with the small hole, and the second positioning shaft is connected with the large hole.

Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the range of the knife pendulum s is 0mm to 0.05 mm.

Furthermore, in order to better realize the invention, the cutting tool comprises a cutting tool body and cutter particles, wherein the cutting tool body comprises a tool handle and a cutter head which are integrally formed, a plurality of cutter teeth are arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the cutter head, each cutter tooth is provided with a mounting hole, and a compression screw penetrates through the cutter particles and is screwed with the mounting holes to fix the cutter particles.

Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the shape of the cutting insert is a circular truncated cone, and the mounting hole is a tapered hole matched with the cutting insert.

Further, in order to better implement the invention, the knife particles are alloy knife particles.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides a connecting rod I-shaped groove machining process which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: preparing a connecting rod semi-finished product blank and a non-standard cutter;

step two: programming, writing a processing program through software, setting processing parameters, establishing three-dimensional models of the connecting rod semi-finished product blank and the non-standard cutter, digitally simulating the connecting rod semi-finished product blank parameters and the non-standard cutter parameters, and performing three-dimensional simulation processing;

step three: simulation, namely simulating collision requirements and correction through the software simulation processing;

step four: program import, namely importing the machining program into a numerical control machine tool through an external meson;

step five: fixing the blank, limiting the connecting rod semi-finished product blank and fixing the connecting rod semi-finished product blank on a special fixture;

step five: mounting a cutter, namely mounting the non-standard cutter on a main shaft of the numerical control machine tool, and detecting a cutter pendulum s of the non-standard cutter through a lever dial indicator;

step seven: trial cutting, processing and detecting.

The sizes of the connecting rod semi-finished product blank and the non-standard cutter are input through software programming, a three-dimensional model is established and simulation processing is carried out, so that collision and interference which possibly occur in the processing process are simulated and corrected, size control is completely controlled, actual processing is faster and more convenient, the product size consistency is good, the qualification rate is improved, the product rejection rate is reduced, the cost is saved, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced.

The invention also provides a non-standard cutter, which comprises a cutter body and cutter particles, wherein the cutter body comprises a cutter handle and a cutter disc, the cutter handle and the cutter disc are integrally formed, a plurality of cutter teeth are arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the cutter disc, each cutter tooth is provided with a mounting hole, and a compression screw penetrates through the cutter particles and the mounting holes to be screwed tightly so as to fix the cutter particles.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a non-standard tool according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the special fixture of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a semi-finished connecting rod blank of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an assembly view of the present invention in which a special fixture clamps a semi-finished blank of a connecting rod;

fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the cutter particle of the present invention.

In the figure:

1-a tool body; 11-a knife handle; 12-a cutter head; 13-cutter teeth; 14-mounting holes; 15-cutting into grains; 16-a compression screw;

2-connecting rod semi-finished product blank; 21-connecting rod big end; 211-macropore; 22-connecting rod small end; 221-small hole; 23-a connecting rod body;

3-special fixture; 31-a substrate; 32-telescopic screw rod; 33-a first positioning axis; 34-a backing plate; 35-a guide plate; 36-second positioning axis.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

in this embodiment, a processing technology for an i-shaped groove of a connecting rod includes the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: preparing a connecting rod semi-finished product blank 2 and a non-standard cutter;

step two: programming, writing a processing program through software, setting processing parameters, establishing three-dimensional models of the connecting rod semi-finished product blank 2 and the non-standard cutter, digitally simulating the parameters of the connecting rod semi-finished product blank 2 and the parameters of the non-standard cutter, and performing three-dimensional simulation processing;

step three: simulation, namely simulating collision requirements and correcting through the software simulation processing;

step four: program import, namely importing the processing program into a numerical control machine tool through an external meson;

step five: fixing the blank, namely limiting the connecting rod semi-finished product blank 2 and fixing the connecting rod semi-finished product blank on aspecial clamp 3;

step five: mounting a cutter, namely mounting the non-standard cutter on the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool, and detecting the cutter pendulum s of the non-standard cutter through a lever dial indicator;

step seven: trial cutting, processing and detecting.

The size information of the connecting rodsemi-finished product blank 2 and the non-standard cutter is input through software programming, a three-dimensional model of the connecting rodsemi-finished product blank 2 and the non-standard cutter is established and simulation processing is carried out, so that collision and interference conditions which possibly occur in the processing process are simulated and corrected, the collision and interference conditions in actual processing are avoided, size control is completely controlled, actual processing is faster and more convenient, the size consistency of a product processed through digital control is good, the qualification rate is improved, the product rejection rate is reduced, the cost is saved, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the semi-finished connectingrod blank 2 includes a large connectingrod head 21, a small connectingrod head 22 and a connectingrod body 23, the large connectingrod head 21 is provided with alarge hole 211, and the small connectingrod head 22 is provided with asmall hole 221.

Specifically, the programming of the second step includes establishing X, Y, Z a coordinate system of a drawing plane on a computer, inputting the length, the width and the depth dimension of an I-shaped groove of the non-standard tool, so as to establish a three-dimensional digital model of the non-standard tool, inputting the length, the width and other dimension parameters of the connecting rod semi-finished blank 2, establishing the three-dimensional digital model of the connecting rod semi-finished blank 2, continuously inputting the processing parameters of the non-standard tool, wherein the processing parameters include a feeding speed, the number of teeth of the tool and a transverse cutting depth, further simulating the motion track of the three-dimensional digital model of the non-standard tool on the coordinate system, calling the three-dimensional digital model of the connecting rod semi-finished blank 2, simulating the collision requirement of the connecting rod semi-finished blank 2 and the non-standard tool, wherein the collision requirement includes tool interference, fixture interference and tool over-cutting, and obtaining an interference result in, and performing simulation processing on the processing program again by reversely optimizing and adjusting the processing parameters according to the result, producing the processing program after confirming that no errors exist, and further exporting the processing program to an external interface, such as a U disk or a TF card, so as to import the processing program to a numerical control machine to prepare for actual processing.

Further, preparing aspecial fixture 3 for clamping and fixing the connecting rodsemi-finished product blank 2, limiting and fixing the connecting rodsemi-finished product blank 2 on thespecial fixture 3, cleaning a positioning surface and a positioning structure of thespecial fixture 3 before clamping, then installing the non-standard cutter on a main shaft of the numerical control machine, detecting a cutter pendulum s of the non-standard cutter through a lever dial indicator, and adjusting to control the cutter pendulum s of the non-standard cutter within the range of 0 mm-0.05 mm so as to prevent the non-standard cutter from being influenced by the cutter pendulum too much and reduce the processing precision and the product surface roughness.

Trial cutting is carried out by adopting a mode of direct injection of the tool point of the non-standard tool in a slow speed (the speed is adjusted to F0 by fast positioning and the linear feeding is adjusted to F1%), an external cooling mode (emulsion external cooling) and a single-stage feeding mode, and formal machining is started when the trial cutting is qualified.

And (3) finishing and inspecting, removing burrs and burrs of the first piece, cleaning, performing self-inspection and cross-inspection on the product according to the dimensions required by the process card and the operation instruction, and performing batch production if the product is qualified.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 5, the special fixture 3 includes a base plate 31, a telescopic screw 32, a first positioning shaft 33, a backing plate 34 and two guide plates 35, the first positioning shaft 33 is disposed at one end of the base plate 31, the two guide plates 35 are disposed at the other end of the base plate 31 in parallel and at an interval, the backing plate 34 is disposed between the two guide plates 35, a second positioning shaft 36 is disposed on the backing plate 34, a connecting line between the first positioning shaft 33 and the second positioning shaft 36 is parallel to a length direction of the guide plates 35, one end of the telescopic screw 32 is connected to the backing plate 34 to drive the backing plate 34 to laterally displace, the semi-finished connecting rod blank 2 is disposed on the backing plate 34, the first positioning shaft 33 is connected to the small hole 221, the second positioning shaft 36 is connected to the large hole 211, the telescopic screw 32 drives the backing plate 34 to move, when positioning, the first positioning shaft 33 and the second positioning shaft 36 respectively penetrate through the small hole 221 and the large hole 211 of the semi-finished connecting rod blank 2 to perform X, Y-direction freedom degree limiting, and then open washers and nuts of different specifications are used for tightly fixing and limiting in the Z direction, wherein external threads are arranged at the end parts of the first positioning shaft 33 and the second positioning shaft 36, the backing plate 34 is used as a positioning surface to be attached to the large head plane of the semi-finished connecting rod blank 2, a cushion block can be arranged at the bottom of the first positioning shaft 33, and the cushion block is used as a positioning surface to be attached to the small head plane of the semi-finished connecting rod blank 2, so that the semi-finished connecting rod blank 2 is fixed, and when machining, the non-standard cutter laterally machines an I-shaped groove.

Example 2:

in this embodiment, a non-standard tool is used in the connecting rod i-shaped groove machining process, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 6, the non-standard tool includes a tool body 1 and a tool bit 15, specifically, the tool body 1 includes a tool shank 11 and a tool pan 12, the tool shank 11 and the tool pan 12 are integrally formed, the tool shank 11 is of a cylindrical structure, the tool pan 12 is of a disc structure, the tool pan 12 is located at one end of the tool shank 11, the other end of the tool shank 11 is used for being connected with the tool shaft, the outer circumferential surface of the tool pan 12 is provided with a plurality of tool teeth 13, preferably, the number of the tool teeth 13 is eight, the eight tool teeth 13 are uniformly arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the tool pan 12, each of the tool teeth 13 is provided with a mounting hole 14 for mounting the tool bit 15, and a screw 16 is screwed with the mounting hole 14 after penetrating through the tool bit 15 to fix the tool bit 15, during milling, the cutter particles 15 are in contact with a substitute machining part, preferably, the cutter particles 15 are alloy cutter particles 15, the cutter particles 15 are in the shape of a circular truncated cone, the mounting holes 14 are tapered holes matched with the cutter particles 15, a through hole for a compression screw 16 to pass through is formed in the center of each cutter particle 15, after the cutter particles 15 are mounted and fixed, the large-diameter ends of the cutter particles 15 protrude out of the maximum outer diameter of the cutter teeth 13 to facilitate milling, and the cutter particles 15 can be replaced after being seriously worn, so that the service life of the non-standard cutter is prolonged, and the cost is reduced.

According to the invention, through improving the processing technology of the connecting rod I-shaped groove and the optimized design of the non-standard cutter, the original manual operation is changed into digital control, the original traditional high-speed steel cutter is changed into an integral cutter rod, and analloy cutter particle 15 is assembled; through digital control and the design of non-standard cutters, the labor cost and the cutter cost are greatly reduced, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced; theinterchangeable cutter particles 15 are adopted, so that the rejection rate of scrapped products due to size in the processing process is reduced, and the surface roughness is improved; the method realizes win-win of quality and cost, thecutter particles 15 are convenient and quick to replace, digital control is achieved, size control is completely controlled, the whole method is ingenious in conception, novel in design and good in application prospect, and wide popularization of non-standard cutters and machining processes is facilitated.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A connecting rod I-shaped groove machining process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: preparing a connecting rod semi-finished product blank and a non-standard cutter;

step two: programming, writing a processing program through software, setting processing parameters, establishing three-dimensional models of the connecting rod semi-finished product blank and the non-standard cutter, digitally simulating the connecting rod semi-finished product blank parameters and the non-standard cutter parameters, and performing three-dimensional simulation processing;

step three: simulation, namely simulating collision requirements and correction through the software simulation processing;

step four: program import, namely importing the machining program into a numerical control machine tool through an external meson;

step five: fixing the blank, limiting the connecting rod semi-finished product blank and fixing the connecting rod semi-finished product blank on a special fixture;

step five: mounting a cutter, namely mounting the non-standard cutter on a main shaft of the numerical control machine tool, and detecting a cutter pendulum s of the non-standard cutter through a lever dial indicator;

step seven: trial cutting, processing and detecting.

2. The connecting rod I-shaped groove machining process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the connecting rod semi-finished blank comprises a connecting rod big end, a connecting rod small end and a connecting rod body, wherein the connecting rod big end is provided with a big hole, and the connecting rod small end is provided with a small hole.

3. The connecting rod I-shaped groove machining process as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: and the programming of the second step comprises the steps of establishing X, Y, Z a coordinate system of a drawing plane on a computer, inputting the length, the width and the depth dimension of the I-shaped groove of the non-standard cutter, and establishing a three-dimensional digital model of the non-standard cutter.

4. The connecting rod I-shaped groove machining process as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the machining parameters include feed speed, number of tool teeth, and cross-cut.

5. The connecting rod I-shaped groove machining process as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the collision requirements include tool interference, clamp interference, and tool overcut.

6. The connecting rod I-shaped groove machining process as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: special fixture includes base plate, flexible lead screw, first location axle, backing plate and two deflectors, first location axle sets up the one end of base plate, two the deflector is parallel and the interval sets up the other end of base plate, the backing plate sets up two between the deflector, be equipped with second location axle on the backing plate, the line of first location axle and second location axle with the length direction of deflector is parallel, flexible lead screw one end with the backing plate is connected in order to drive backing plate lateral displacement, connecting rod semi-manufactured blank is arranged in on the backing plate, first location axle with the aperture is connected, second location axle with the macropore is connected.

7. The connecting rod I-shaped groove machining process and the non-standard cutter as claimed in claim 6, wherein the machining process comprises the following steps: the range of the knife pendulum s is 0 mm-0.05 mm.

8. A non-standard tool for the connecting rod i-shaped groove machining process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: including cutter body and sword grain, the cutter body includes handle of a knife and blade disc, handle of a knife and blade disc integrated into one piece, the outer periphery of blade disc is equipped with a plurality of sword teeth, all is equipped with the mounting hole on every sword tooth, and housing screw passes the sword grain with the mounting hole spiral shell is tight in order to fix the sword grain.

9. A non-standard cutting tool according to claim 8, wherein: the shape of the knife particles is a circular truncated cone, and the mounting holes are conical holes matched with the knife particles.

10. A non-standard cutting tool according to claim 9, wherein: the knife particles are alloy knife particles.

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