Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the knee joint prosthesis structure capable of retaining the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments is provided, and can retain all normal bones of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, the femoral intercondylar and the tibial intercondylar spines, the restriction of the prosthesis is lower, so that the stability and the proprioception of the knee joint of a patient after operation are better, the function recovery is better, the normal leg flexion and extension movement can be realized, the spatial position sense of the knee joint of the patient during movement is improved, and the satisfaction degree of the patient is improved.
According to the knee joint prosthesis structure capable of reserving anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, which is disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the knee joint prosthesis structure comprises a femur prosthesis, two cushion blocks, a tibia prosthesis, a patella prosthesis and a base, wherein the femur prosthesis is provided with two arc-shaped supporting grooves, a first channel is formed between the two supporting grooves, a positioning column is arranged between the two supporting grooves, the two cushion blocks are respectively arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the two supporting grooves, a second channel corresponding to the first channel is formed between the two cushion blocks, an indent supporting surface is arranged at the upper end of the cushion block, a supporting groove convex surface matched with the supporting surface is arranged on the outer surface of the supporting groove, two base blocks corresponding to the two cushion blocks one-to-one are arranged on the base blocks in an abutting manner, a connecting column is arranged at the lower end of the base block, a third channel corresponding to the second channel is formed between the two base blocks, the patella prosthesis is arranged between the two base blocks, the patella prosthesis is positioned in front of the femur prosthesis, the patella protrusion is arranged on the outer side surface of the patella prosthesis, and one end of the patella prosthesis is arranged on the outer side surface of the patella prosthesis, and the patella protrusion is arranged on the outer side surface.
The knee joint prosthesis structure capable of reserving anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments at least has the advantages that through the fact that the first channel, the second channel and the third channel which are corresponding to each other are respectively arranged on the femur prosthesis, the cushion block and the tibia prosthesis, the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments between the femur and the tibia can freely move in the space of the first channel, the second channel and the third channel, all normal bones of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, the femoral intercondylar and the tibial intercondylar spines can be reserved, stability, proprioception and spatial position sense of the knee joint after operation of a patient are improved, functions of ascending and descending stairs and squatting of the patient are recovered, normal leg flexion and extension movement is achieved, and satisfaction degree of the patient is improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the positioning columns are arranged in a plurality, and the positioning columns are distributed at intervals up and down along the inner wall of the bracket.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the outer edge of the bracket is provided with a turned-up edge which is bent inwards.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the lower end of the cushion block is provided with a clamping platform extending downwards, the upper end of the base block is provided with a clamping groove matched with the clamping platform, and the clamping platform is accommodated in the clamping groove.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the two cushion blocks are a first cushion block and a second cushion block respectively, and the inner diameter, the outer diameter, the front diameter, the rear diameter and the radian of the first cushion block and the second cushion block are different.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the lateral side is larger than the medial side, and the protrusion is located on a side of a medial side of an end of the patella prosthesis.
According to some embodiments of the invention, three mounting bases are provided, and the three mounting bases are circumferentially distributed at 120 degrees.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the outer wall of the positioning column is provided with a plurality of first reinforcing ribs.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the outer wall of the connecting column is provided with a plurality of second reinforcing ribs.
According to some embodiments of the invention, two ends of the connecting piece are respectively connected and fixed with the front ends of the two base blocks through fasteners, or the connecting piece is provided with two connecting pieces, and the two connecting pieces are connected between the side surfaces of the two base blocks, which are close to each other, through an inter-bone drilling mode.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that references to orientation descriptions such as upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, a number means one or more, a number means two or more, and greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood to not include the present number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood to include the present number. The description of the first and second is for the purpose of distinguishing between technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly defined otherwise, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection, etc. should be construed broadly and the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention can be reasonably determined by a person skilled in the art in combination with the specific contents of the technical scheme.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, a knee prosthesis structure capable of retaining anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments according to an embodiment of the present invention mainly includes a femoral prosthesis 100, a tibial prosthesis 300, a patella prosthesis 400, and two spacer blocks 200. Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the upper surface of the femoral prosthesis 100 is laterally offset by a certain angle so as to be more matched with the femur of a human body, the femoral prosthesis 100 is provided with two arc-shaped brackets 110, the brackets 110 are used for wrapping and fixing the distal femur and the medial condyle, the arc-shaped brackets 110 can better wrap the distal femur, a first channel 120 is formed between the two brackets 110, the first channel 120 is in a cambered surface shape, the first channel 120 can facilitate the passage of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, the brackets 110 are provided with positioning columns 130, the positioning columns 130 are used for fixing the femoral prosthesis 100 on the femur, the outer wall of each positioning column 130 can be provided with a plurality of first reinforcing ribs, so that the contact surface between each positioning column 130 and the femur is larger, and the connection strength is improved, for example, the outer wall of each positioning column 130 can be provided with three first reinforcing ribs to form a three-wing column structure.
The two cushion blocks 200 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the two cushion blocks 200 are arranged with the two bracket 110, the upper end of the cushion block 200 is provided with a concave supporting surface 230, the outer surface of the bracket 110 is provided with a bracket convex surface matched with the supporting surface, therefore, the femoral prosthesis 100 can realize sliding or rolling actions and the like through the bracket convex surface relative to the cushion block 200, a second channel 220 corresponding to the first channel 120 is formed between the two cushion blocks 200, and the second channel 220 can facilitate the passage of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments. According to the movement mode of the cushion block 200, the knee joint prosthesis structure of the invention has two types of fixed platform knee joint prosthesis and movable platform knee joint prosthesis, and the proper type can be selected according to actual needs. Referring to fig. 4, the bracket convex surface of the fixed platform knee prosthesis slides on the support surface 230 of the pad 200 while the pad 200 is fixed against movement, and referring to fig. 5, the bracket convex surface of the movable platform knee prosthesis and the support surface 230 of the pad 200 can slide with each other while the pad 200 has a certain movement space.
The tibial prosthesis 300 is provided with two base blocks 310 corresponding to the two cushion blocks 200 one by one, the cushion blocks 200 are abutted to the base blocks 310, when the knee joint prosthesis structure is a movable platform knee joint prosthesis, the cushion blocks 200 can move relative to the base blocks 310, when the knee joint prosthesis structure is a fixed platform knee joint prosthesis, the base blocks 310 limit and fix the cushion blocks 200, the lower ends of the base blocks 310 are provided with connecting columns 330, the tibial prosthesis 300 can be fixed on the proximal tibia through the connecting columns 330, the outer walls of the connecting columns 330 can be provided with a plurality of second reinforcing ribs, the contact surface between the connecting columns 330 and the tibia is larger, so that the connection strength is enhanced, for example, the outer walls of the connecting columns 330 can be provided with three second reinforcing ribs to form a three-wing column structure, a third channel 320 corresponding to the second channel 220 is formed between the two base blocks 310, the third channel 320 can facilitate the passing of a front-rear cross ligament, the two base blocks 310 are connected and fixed through a connecting piece 340, the stability of the relative position between the two base blocks 310 can be kept, and looseness is easy to occur between the two base blocks 310. Specifically, when the knee joint prosthesis structure is a fixed platform knee joint prosthesis, two ends of the connecting piece 340 are respectively connected and fixed with the front ends of the two base blocks 310 through the fastening pieces 341, the fastening pieces 341 can be of a screw structure and the like, when the knee joint prosthesis structure is a movable platform knee joint prosthesis, the two connecting pieces 340 are arranged, the two connecting pieces 340 are connected between the side surfaces of the two base blocks 310, which are close to each other, in a bone drilling mode, the side surfaces can be protruded upwards relative to the base blocks 310 so as to be convenient for connection, meanwhile, the cushion blocks 200 are prevented from easily sliding out of the base blocks 310, and at the moment, the connecting pieces 340 can be of a rod-shaped structure. In the case that the proximal bone condition of the tibia of the patient is very good, the two ends of the connecting piece 340 may be connected and fixed to the front ends of the two base blocks 310 without using the fastening pieces 341, or the two connecting pieces 340 may not be connected between the sides of the two base blocks 310 that are close to each other, i.e., the prostheses on the left and right sides of the tibia may not be connected.
Referring to fig. 1 and 7, the patella prosthesis 400 is positioned in front of the femoral prosthesis 100, one end of the patella prosthesis 400 protrudes outwards to form an inner side 410 and an outer side 420, a protrusion 430 is formed between the inner side 410 and the outer side 420, and the other end of the patella prosthesis 400 is provided with a mounting base 440, through which the patella prosthesis 400 can be mounted and fixed.
According to the knee joint prosthesis structure, the first channel 120, the second channel 220 and the third channel 320 which are corresponding to each other are respectively arranged on the femur prosthesis 100, the cushion block 200 and the tibia prosthesis 300, so that the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments between the femur and the tibia can freely move in the spaces of the first channel 120, the second channel 220 and the third channel 320, all bones of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, the femoral intercondylar and the tibial intercondylar spines of the original knee joint can be reserved, the restriction of the prosthesis is lower, the stability, the proprioception and the spatial position sense of the knee joint after operation of a patient are improved, the functions of ascending and descending stairs and squatting of the patient are recovered, normal leg flexion and extension movement is realized, and the satisfaction degree of the patient is improved.
Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments, a plurality of positioning posts 130 are provided, and the plurality of positioning posts 130 are spaced up and down along the inner wall of the bracket 110, for example, each bracket 110 may be provided with three positioning posts 130, wherein the outer diameter of the centrally located positioning post 130 may be larger than the outer diameters of the other positioning posts 130, so as to more firmly secure the femoral prosthesis 100 to the femur. Of course, each bracket 110 may be provided with only one positioning post 130, and the positioning post 130 is disposed at a middle position of the inner wall of the bracket 110.
In some embodiments, the outer edge of the bracket 110 is provided with an inwardly bent flange 111, and when the bracket is mounted, the flange 111 can be fastened on the femur, so as to further improve the connection stability.
Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments, when the knee prosthesis structure is a fixed-platform knee prosthesis, the lower end of the cushion block 210 is provided with a downward-extending clamping platform 210, the upper end of the base block 310 is provided with a clamping groove 311 matched with the clamping platform 210, and the clamping platform 210 is accommodated in the clamping groove 311. By the above arrangement, the pad 200 is fixed to the base block 310, preventing the pad 200 from moving. Of course, to further enhance the stability of the fixing of the pad 200 to the base block 310, the pad 200 may be further enhanced to be fixed to the base block 310 by fasteners such as screws 211.
Because the sizes of the inner meniscus and the outer meniscus of the knee joint of the human body are generally different, in some embodiments of the present invention, the two cushion blocks 200 are respectively a first cushion block and a second cushion block, the inner diameter, the outer diameter, the front diameter and the radian of the first cushion block and the second cushion block are different, so that the sizes of the first cushion block and the second cushion block are respectively close to the inner meniscus and the outer meniscus required by the patient, and the two cushion blocks are in bionic design, so that the two cushion blocks more conform to the original structure of the human body, and the recovery effect of the function of the knee joint after operation is improved.
Referring to fig. 7, in practice, the outer side of the patella is generally larger than the inner side of the patella, so in some embodiments of the present invention, the outer side 420 is larger than the inner side 410, and the protrusion 430 is located at one side of the middle part of one end of the patella prosthesis 400 near the inner side 410, so as to more conform to the actual structure of the knee joint of the human body, and make the function recovery effect of the knee joint better after operation.
In some embodiments, three mounting bases 440 are provided, and the three mounting bases 440 are circumferentially distributed at 120 ° between the three mounting bases 440 at the bottom of the patella prosthesis 400, and the mounting bases 440 have a non-cylindrical structure, which may adopt a three-wing columnar structure similar to the above-mentioned connection post, so that the mounting and fixing are more stable.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.