本公开要求2018年4月9日提交的申请号为62/655065的美国临时申请“子块运动矢量预测方法”和2019年3月22日提交的申请号为16/362596的美国正式申请“用于子块运动矢量预测的方法和装置”的优先权，其内容通过全文引用并入本文。This disclosure requires the application of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/655065 "Sub-Block Motion Vector Prediction Method" filed on April 9, 2018 and U.S. Formal Application No. 16/362596 filed on March 22, 2019 "Using "Method and apparatus for sub-block motion vector prediction", the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
技术领域Technical field
本公开涉及视频编解码技术，特别涉及视频解码方法和装置、及存储介质。The present disclosure relates to video coding and decoding technology, and in particular to video decoding methods and devices, and storage media.
背景技术Background technique
本文所提供的背景描述旨在整体呈现本公开的背景。在背景技术部分以及本说明书的各个方面中所描述的目前已署名的发明人的工作所进行的程度，并不表明其在本公开提交时作为现有技术，且从未明示或暗示其被承认为本公开的现有技术。The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. The extent to which the work of the presently named inventor is described in the Background section and in various aspects of this specification is not indicative of prior art at the time this disclosure is filed, and its admission is never expressed or implied. is prior art to the present disclosure.
可以使用具有运动补偿的图片间预测来执行视频编码和解码。未压缩的数字视频可以包括一系列图片，每个图片具有例如1920×1080亮度样本和相关色度样本的空间维度。该系列图片可以具有固定或可变的图片速率(也非正式地称为帧速率)，例如每秒60个图片或60Hz。未压缩的视频具有非常高的比特率要求。例如，每样本8比特的1080p60 4：2：0视频(以60Hz帧速率提供1920×1080亮度样本分辨率)需要接近1.5Gbit/s的带宽。一小时这样的视频需要超过600GB的存储空间。Video encoding and decoding can be performed using inter-picture prediction with motion compensation. Uncompressed digital video may consist of a sequence of pictures, each picture having spatial dimensions such as 1920×1080 luma samples and associated chroma samples. The series of pictures can have a fixed or variable picture rate (also informally called a frame rate), such as 60 pictures per second or 60Hz. Uncompressed video has very high bitrate requirements. For example, 1080p60 4:2:0 video with 8 bits per sample (providing 1920×1080 luma sample resolution at a 60Hz frame rate) requires nearly 1.5Gbit/s of bandwidth. An hour of such video would require over 600GB of storage space.
视频编码和解码的一个目的可以是通过压缩减少输入视频信号中的冗余。压缩有助于减少前面提到的带宽或存储空间需求，在某些情况下减少两个数量级或更多。可以采用无损压缩和有损压缩，以及它们的组合。无损压缩是指可以从压缩的原始信号来重建原始信号的精确副本的技术。当使用有损压缩时，重建信号可能与原始信号不完全相同，但原始信号与重建信号之间的失真很小，足以使得重建信号适用于预期的应用。在视频中广泛地采用有损压缩。可被容许的失真量取决于应用。例如，某些消费流应用的用户可能比电视发行应用的用户容忍更高的失真。可实现的压缩比可以反映出较高的允许/容许失真可以产生较高的压缩比。One purpose of video encoding and decoding may be to reduce redundancy in the input video signal through compression. Compression helps reduce the bandwidth or storage space requirements mentioned earlier, in some cases by two orders of magnitude or more. Both lossless and lossy compression can be used, as well as combinations thereof. Lossless compression refers to techniques that can reconstruct an exact copy of the original signal from the compressed original signal. When lossy compression is used, the reconstructed signal may not be exactly the same as the original signal, but the distortion between the original signal and the reconstructed signal is small enough to make the reconstructed signal suitable for the intended application. Lossy compression is widely used in video. The amount of distortion that can be tolerated depends on the application. For example, users of certain consumer streaming applications may tolerate higher distortion than users of television distribution applications. The achievable compression ratio can reflect that higher allowable/tolerable distortion can produce higher compression ratios.
运动补偿可以是一种有损压缩技术，并且可以涉及如下技术：来自先前重建的图片或其一部分(参考图片)中获得的一块样本数据在运动矢量(以下指MV)指示的方向上进行空间移位之后，用于预测最新重建的图片或图片部分。在一些情况下，参考图片可以与当前正在重建的图片相同。MV可以具有两个维度X和Y，或者三个维度，第三个维度是使用中的参考图片的指示(间接地，后者可以是时间维度)。Motion compensation may be a lossy compression technique and may involve the following: a block of sample data obtained from a previously reconstructed picture or a part thereof (reference picture) is spatially shifted in the direction indicated by a motion vector (hereinafter referred to as MV). bits, used to predict the latest reconstructed picture or picture part. In some cases, the reference picture may be the same as the picture currently being reconstructed. The MV may have two dimensions, X and Y, or three dimensions, the third dimension being an indication of the reference picture in use (indirectly, the latter may be the time dimension).
在一些视频压缩技术中，可以从其他MV预测适用于样本数据的特定区域的MV，例如，从与空间上与被重构区域相邻且在解码顺序上在该MV之前的采样数据的另一区域相关的MV预测，这样做可以大大减少编码该MV所需的数据量，从而去除冗余并加强压缩。MV预测可以有效地工作，例如，因为当对来源于摄像机的输入视频信号(称为自然视频)进行编码时，存在比单个MV适用的区域大的区域在类似方向上移动的统计可能性，因此，在某些情况下，可以使用来源于相邻区域的MV的类似运动矢量来进行预测。这导致对于给定区域发现的MV将与从周围MV预测的MV相似或相同，并且反过来在熵编码之后，可以用比直接编码MV时所用的比特数更少的比特数来表示。在一些情况下，MV预测可以是从原始信号(即：样本流)推导出的信号(即：MV)的无损压缩的示例。在其他情况下，例如由于从若干周围MV计算预测值时存在舍入误差，MV预测本身可能是有损的。In some video compression techniques, an MV applicable to a specific region of sample data can be predicted from other MVs, e.g., from another sample of data spatially adjacent to the region being reconstructed and preceding the MV in decoding order. Region-dependent MV prediction, doing so can greatly reduce the amount of data required to encode this MV, thereby removing redundancy and enhancing compression. MV prediction works efficiently, for example, because when encoding an input video signal originating from a camera (called natural video), there is a statistical likelihood that an area larger than the area to which a single MV is applicable will move in a similar direction, so , in some cases, similar motion vectors derived from MVs of adjacent regions can be used for prediction. This results in that the MV found for a given region will be similar or identical to the MV predicted from surrounding MVs, and in turn, after entropy encoding, can be represented with a smaller number of bits than would be used when encoding the MV directly. In some cases, MV prediction may be an example of lossless compression of a signal (ie: MV) derived from the original signal (ie: stream of samples). In other cases, the MV prediction itself may be lossy, such as due to rounding errors when computing predicted values from several surrounding MVs.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本公开的各方面提供了用于视频解码的方法和装置。在一些示例中，用于视频解码的装置包括接收电路和处理电路。Aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for video decoding. In some examples, means for video decoding include receiving circuitry and processing circuitry.
处理电路被配置为对已编码视频序列中的当前已编码图片中当前块的预测信息进行解码。预测信息指示当前块是否使用平面运动矢量预测模式。当前块被划分为两个及两个以上子块。当指示当前块使用平面运动矢量预测模式时，处理电路还被配置为响应于平面运动矢量预测模式的使用确定当前块的右下(BR)角的至少一个时间运动矢量预测值(TMVP)候选值。然后，处理电路根据右下角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个重构当前块。在一个实施例中，可以在预测信息中用信号通知当前块的参考图片。The processing circuit is configured to decode prediction information for a current block in a current coded picture in the coded video sequence. The prediction information indicates whether the current block uses planar motion vector prediction mode. The current block is divided into two or more sub-blocks. When the current block is instructed to use the planar motion vector prediction mode, the processing circuit is further configured to determine at least one temporal motion vector predictor (TMVP) candidate value for a lower right (BR) corner of the current block in response to use of the planar motion vector prediction mode. . The processing circuit then reconstructs the current block based on one of the at least one TMVP candidate value in the lower right corner. In one embodiment, the reference picture of the current block may be signaled in the prediction information.
在各种实施例中，当右下角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个的参考图片与当前块的参考图片不同时，处理电路可以进一步被配置为将右下角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个缩放到当前块的参考图片。因此，根据右下角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的被缩放候选值来重构当前块。当预测信息包括右下角的运动矢量差(MVD)时，处理电路还可以被配置为基于右下角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个和右下角的MVD来确定最终运动矢量。In various embodiments, when a reference picture of one of the at least one TMVP candidate value in the lower right corner is different from a reference picture of the current block, the processing circuit may be further configured to convert one of the at least one TMVP candidate value in the lower right corner to Zoom to the reference image of the current block. Therefore, the current block is reconstructed according to the scaled candidate value among the at least one TMVP candidate value in the lower right corner. When the prediction information includes a motion vector difference (MVD) of the lower right corner, the processing circuit may be further configured to determine the final motion vector based on one of the at least one TMVP candidate value of the lower right corner and the MVD of the lower right corner.
在一个实施例中，至少一个TMVP候选值包括基于参考图片中的共址块确定的TMVP候选值。参考图片中的共址块与当前已编码图片中的右下角处的子块位于相同的位置。右下角的至少一个TMVP候选值可以包括位于当前块内部并且与右下角相邻的子块的TMVP候选值。右下角的至少一个TMVP候选值可以包括位于当前块内部并且与当前块的中心相邻的子块的TMVP候选值。In one embodiment, the at least one TMVP candidate value includes a TMVP candidate value determined based on a co-located block in the reference picture. The co-located block in the reference picture is located at the same location as the sub-block at the lower right corner in the current encoded picture. The at least one TMVP candidate value of the lower right corner may include a TMVP candidate value of a sub-block located inside the current block and adjacent to the lower right corner. The at least one TMVP candidate value in the lower right corner may include a TMVP candidate value of a sub-block located inside the current block and adjacent to the center of the current block.
根据本公开，右下角的至少一个TMVP候选值包括当前块的左下相邻子块的TMVP候选值。右下角的至少一个TMVP候选值可以包括当前块的右上相邻子块的TMVP候选值。此外，右下角的至少一个TMVP候选值可以包括取当前块的左下相邻子块和当前块的右上相邻子块的运动矢量的加权平均值的TMVP候选值。According to the present disclosure, at least one TMVP candidate value in the lower right corner includes a TMVP candidate value of a lower left adjacent sub-block of the current block. At least one TMVP candidate value in the lower right corner may include a TMVP candidate value of an upper right adjacent sub-block of the current block. In addition, the at least one TMVP candidate value in the lower right corner may include a TMVP candidate value that takes a weighted average of motion vectors of the lower left adjacent sub-block of the current block and the upper right adjacent sub-block of the current block.
在一个实施例中，处理电路还被配置为基于标识至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个的接收的索引从至少一个TMVP候选值中选择对应的一个。处理电路还可以被配置为基于预定的候选值顺序从至少一个TMVP候选值中选择对应的一个。处理电路还可以被配置为基于预先选择的TMVP候选值从至少一个TMVP候选值中选择对应的一个。In one embodiment, the processing circuit is further configured to select a corresponding one of the at least one TMVP candidate value based on the received index identifying the corresponding one of the at least one TMVP candidate value. The processing circuit may be further configured to select a corresponding one from the at least one TMVP candidate value based on a predetermined sequence of candidate values. The processing circuit may be further configured to select a corresponding one from the at least one TMVP candidate value based on the pre-selected TMVP candidate value.
在一个实施例中，右下角处的子块位于当前块的外部。右下角处的子块可以在当前块的内部。In one embodiment, the sub-block at the lower right corner is outside the current block. The sub-block in the lower right corner can be inside the current block.
根据实施例，处理电路还可以被配置为根据右下角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个导出当前块中的每个子块的运动矢量预测值。然后，处理电路根据当前块中的每个子块的运动矢量预测值来重构当前块。According to an embodiment, the processing circuit may be further configured to derive a motion vector predictor value for each sub-block in the current block based on one of the at least one TMVP candidate value in the lower right corner. The processing circuit then reconstructs the current block based on the motion vector predictor for each sub-block in the current block.
本公开的各方面还提供了一种存储指令的非暂时性计算机可读介质，所述指令在由计算机执行以进行视频解码时使计算机执行用于视频解码的方法。Aspects of the present disclosure also provide a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a computer for video decoding, cause the computer to perform a method for video decoding.
附图说明Description of drawings
根据以下详细描述和附图，所公开的主题的其他特征、性质和各种优点将更加明显，附图中：Other features, properties and various advantages of the disclosed subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, in which:
图1是一个示例中的当前块及其周围空间合并候选的示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the current block and its surrounding spatial merging candidates in an example.
图2示出了根据一个实施例的通信系统的简化框图的示意图。Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a simplified block diagram of a communications system according to one embodiment.
图3示出了根据另一个实施例的通信系统的简化框图的示意图。Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a simplified block diagram of a communications system according to another embodiment.
图4示出了根据一个实施例的解码器的简化框图的示意图。Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of a simplified block diagram of a decoder according to one embodiment.
图5示出了根据另一个实施例的编码器的简化框图的示意图。Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of a simplified block diagram of an encoder according to another embodiment.
图6示出了根据又一实施例的编码器的框图。Figure 6 shows a block diagram of an encoder according to yet another embodiment.
图7示出了根据另一实施例的解码器的框图。Figure 7 shows a block diagram of a decoder according to another embodiment.
图8A示出了根据本公开实施例的块级运动补偿方法，称为双边匹配。Figure 8A illustrates a block-level motion compensation method, called bilateral matching, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
图8B示出了根据本公开实施例的另一种块级运动补偿方法，称为模板匹配。Figure 8B illustrates another block-level motion compensation method, called template matching, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
图9示出了根据本公开实施例的方向性子块级运动矢量预测方法。Figure 9 illustrates a directional sub-block level motion vector prediction method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
图10示出了根据本公开的实施例的示例性平面运动预测方法。Figure 10 illustrates an exemplary planar motion prediction method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
图11示出了根据本公开的实施例的用于从当前块的不同位置确定当前块的右下子块的时间运动矢量预测值的示例性图。11 illustrates an exemplary diagram for determining temporal motion vector predictors of lower-right sub-blocks of the current block from different positions of the current block, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
图12示出了概述根据本公开的实施例的示例性处理的流程图。Figure 12 shows a flowchart outlining an example process in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
图13是根据实施例的计算机系统的示意性图示。Figure 13 is a schematic illustration of a computer system according to an embodiment.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
H.265/HEVC(ITU-T H.265建议书，“高效视频编解码(High Efficiency VideoCoding)”，2016年12月)中描述了各种MV预测机制。在H.265提供的多种MV预测机制中，本申请描述的是下文称作“空间合并”的技术。Various MV prediction mechanisms are described in H.265/HEVC (ITU-T Recommendation H.265, "High Efficiency VideoCoding", December 2016). Among the various MV prediction mechanisms provided by H.265, this application describes a technology called "spatial merging" below.
请参考图1，当前块(101)包括在运动搜索过程期间已由编码器发现的样本，根据已产生空间偏移的相同大小的先前块，可预测所述样本。另外，可从至少一个参考图片相关联的元数据中导出所述MV，而非对MV直接编码。例如，使用关联于A0、A1和B0、B1、B2(分别对应102到106)五个周围样本中的任一样本的MV，(按解码次序)从最近的参考图片的元数据中导出所述MV。在H.265中，MV预测可使用相邻块也正在使用的相同参考图片的预测值。Referring to Figure 1, the current block (101) includes samples that have been discovered by the encoder during the motion search process and were predicted based on previous blocks of the same size that have been spatially offset. Additionally, the MV may be derived from metadata associated with at least one reference picture instead of encoding the MV directly. For example, using the MV associated with any of the five surrounding samples A0, A1 and B0, B1, B2 (corresponding to 102 to 106 respectively), derived from the metadata of the nearest reference picture (in decoding order) MV. In H.265, MV prediction can use prediction values from the same reference picture that neighboring blocks are also using.
图2是根据本申请公开的实施例的通信系统(200)的简化框图。通信系统(200)包括两个及两个以上终端装置，所述终端装置可通过例如网络(250)彼此通信。举例来说，通信系统(200)包括通过网络(250)互连的第一终端装置(210)和第二终端装置(220)。在图2的实施例中，第一终端装置(210)和第二终端装置(220)执行单向数据传输。举例来说，第一终端装置(210)可对视频数据(例如由终端装置(210)采集的视频图片流)进行编码以通过网络(250)传输到第二端装置(220)。已编码的视频数据以至少一个已编码视频码流形式传输。第二终端装置(220)可从网络(250)接收已编码视频数据，对已编码视频数据进行解码以恢复视频数据，并根据恢复的视频数据显示视频图片。单向数据传输在媒体服务等应用中是较常见的。Figure 2 is a simplified block diagram of a communications system (200) in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein. The communication system (200) includes two or more terminal devices, which can communicate with each other through, for example, a network (250). For example, the communication system (200) includes a first terminal device (210) and a second terminal device (220) interconnected by a network (250). In the embodiment of Figure 2, the first terminal device (210) and the second terminal device (220) perform unidirectional data transmission. For example, the first terminal device (210) may encode video data (eg, a video picture stream collected by the terminal device (210)) for transmission to the second terminal device (220) through the network (250). The encoded video data is transmitted in the form of at least one encoded video stream. The second terminal device (220) may receive the encoded video data from the network (250), decode the encoded video data to restore the video data, and display video pictures according to the restored video data. One-way data transmission is common in applications such as media services.
在另一实施例中，通信系统(200)包括执行已编码视频数据的双向传输的第三终端装置(230)和第四终端装置(240)，所述双向传输可例如在视频会议期间发生。对于双向数据传输，第三终端装置(230)和第四终端装置(240)中的每个终端装置可对视频数据(例如由终端装置采集的视频图片流)进行编码，以通过网络(250)传输到第三终端装置(230)和第四终端装置(240)中的另一终端装置。第三终端装置(230)和第四终端装置(240)中的每个终端装置还可接收由第三终端装置(230)和第四终端装置(240)中的另一终端装置传输的已编码视频数据，且可对所述已编码视频数据进行解码以恢复视频数据，且可根据恢复的视频数据在可访问的显示装置上显示视频图片。In another embodiment, the communication system (200) includes a third terminal device (230) and a fourth terminal device (240) performing bidirectional transmission of encoded video data, which bidirectional transmission may occur, for example, during a video conference. For bidirectional data transmission, each of the third terminal device (230) and the fourth terminal device (240) may encode video data (such as a video picture stream collected by the terminal device) to pass through the network (250) Transmitted to the other of the third terminal device (230) and the fourth terminal device (240). Each of the third terminal device (230) and the fourth terminal device (240) may also receive the encoded code transmitted by the other of the third terminal device (230) and the fourth terminal device (240). video data, and the encoded video data can be decoded to restore the video data, and video pictures can be displayed on an accessible display device based on the restored video data.
在图2的实施例中，第一终端装置(210)、第二终端装置(220)、第三终端装置(230)和第四终端装置(240)可为服务器、个人计算机和智能电话，但本申请公开的原理可不限于此。本申请公开的实施例适用于膝上型计算机、平板电脑、媒体播放器和/或专用视频会议设备。网络(250)表示在第一终端装置(210)、第二终端装置(220)、第三终端装置(230)和第四终端装置(240)之间传送已编码视频数据的任何数目的网络，包括例如有线(连线的)和/或无线通信网络。通信网络(250)可在电路交换和/或分组交换信道中交换数据。该网络可包括电信网络、局域网、广域网和/或互联网。出于本申请的目的，除非在下文中有所解释，否则网络(250)的架构和拓扑对于本申请公开的操作来说可能是无关紧要的。In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the first terminal device (210), the second terminal device (220), the third terminal device (230) and the fourth terminal device (240) may be servers, personal computers and smart phones, but The principles disclosed in this application may not be limited to this. Embodiments disclosed herein are suitable for use with laptops, tablets, media players, and/or dedicated video conferencing devices. Network (250) represents any number of networks transporting encoded video data between a first terminal device (210), a second terminal device (220), a third terminal device (230) and a fourth terminal device (240), Includes, for example, wired (wired) and/or wireless communication networks. The communications network (250) may exchange data in circuit-switched and/or packet-switched channels. The network may include telecommunications networks, local area networks, wide area networks, and/or the Internet. For purposes of this application, unless explained below, the architecture and topology of the network (250) may be immaterial to the operations disclosed herein.
作为实施例，图3示出视频编码器和视频解码器在流式传输环境中的放置方式。本申请所公开主题可同等地适用于其它支持视频的应用，包括例如视频会议、数字TV、在包括CD、DVD、存储棒等的数字介质上存储压缩视频等等。As an example, Figure 3 shows the placement of a video encoder and a video decoder in a streaming environment. The subject matter disclosed herein is equally applicable to other video-enabled applications including, for example, video conferencing, digital TV, storage of compressed video on digital media including CDs, DVDs, memory sticks, etc., and the like.
流式传输系统可包括采集子系统(313)，所述采集子系统可包括数码相机等视频源(301)，所述视频源创建未压缩的视频图片流(302)。在实施例中，视频图片流(302)包括由数码相机拍摄的样本。相较于已编码的视频数据(304)(或已编码的视频码流)，视频图片流(302)被描绘为粗线以强调高数据量的视频图片流，视频图片流(302)可由电子装置(320)处理，所述电子装置(320)包括耦接到视频源(301)的视频编码器(303)。视频编码器(303)可包括硬件、软件或软硬件组合以实现或实施如下文更详细地描述的所公开主题的各方面。相较于视频图片流(302)，已编码的视频数据(304)(或已编码的视频码流(304))被描绘为细线以强调较低数据量的已编码的视频数据(304)(或已编码的视频码流(304))，其可存储在流式传输服务器(305)上以供将来使用。至少一个流式传输客户端子系统，例如图3中的客户端子系统(306)和客户端子系统(308)，可访问流式传输服务器(305)以检索已编码的视频数据(304)的副本(307)和副本(309)。客户端子系统(306)可包括例如电子装置(330)中的视频解码器(310)。视频解码器(310)对已编码的视频数据的传入副本(307)进行解码，且产生可在显示器(312)(例如显示屏)或另一呈现装置(未描绘)上呈现的输出视频图片流(311)。在一些流式传输系统中，可根据某些视频编码/压缩标准对已编码的视频数据(304)、视频数据(307)和视频数据(309)(例如视频码流)进行编码。该些标准的实施例包括ITU-T H.265。在实施例中，正在开发的视频编码标准非正式地称为下一代视频编码(Versatile Video Coding，VVC)，本申请可用于VVC标准的上下文中。The streaming system may include a capture subsystem (313), which may include a video source (301), such as a digital camera, that creates an uncompressed video picture stream (302). In an embodiment, the video picture stream (302) includes samples captured by a digital camera. Compared to the encoded video data (304) (or encoded video stream), the video picture stream (302) is depicted as a thick line to emphasize the high data volume of the video picture stream. The video picture stream (302) can be electronically Processed by an electronic device (320) including a video encoder (303) coupled to a video source (301). The video encoder (303) may include hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to implement or implement aspects of the disclosed subject matter as described in greater detail below. The encoded video data (304) (or encoded video bitstream (304)) is depicted as a thin line compared to the video picture stream (302) to emphasize the lower data volume of the encoded video data (304). (or encoded video stream (304)), which may be stored on the streaming server (305) for future use. At least one streaming client subsystem, such as client subsystem (306) and client subsystem (308) in Figure 3, can access the streaming server (305) to retrieve a copy of the encoded video data (304) ( 307) and copy (309). Client subsystem (306) may include, for example, a video decoder (310) in an electronic device (330). The video decoder (310) decodes the incoming copy of the encoded video data (307) and produces an output video picture that can be presented on a display (312) (eg, a display screen) or another presentation device (not depicted) Stream(311). In some streaming systems, the encoded video data (304), video data (307), and video data (309) (eg, video code stream) may be encoded according to certain video encoding/compression standards. Examples of these standards include ITU-T H.265. In embodiments, the video coding standard under development is informally called next-generation video coding (Versatile Video Coding, VVC), and this application may be used in the context of the VVC standard.
应注意，电子装置(320)和电子装置(330)可包括其它组件(未示出)。举例来说，电子装置(320)可包括视频解码器(未示出)，且电子装置(330)还可包括视频编码器(未示出)。It should be noted that electronic device (320) and electronic device (330) may include other components (not shown). For example, electronic device (320) may include a video decoder (not shown), and electronic device (330) may further include a video encoder (not shown).
图4是根据本申请公开的实施例的视频解码器(410)的框图。视频解码器(410)可设置在电子装置(430)中。电子装置(430)可包括接收器(431)(例如接收电路)。视频解码器(410)可用于代替图3实施例中的视频解码器(310)。Figure 4 is a block diagram of a video decoder (410) in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein. The video decoder (410) may be provided in the electronic device (430). Electronic device (430) may include a receiver (431) (eg, receiving circuitry). Video decoder (410) may be used in place of video decoder (310) in the Figure 3 embodiment.
接收器(431)可接收将由视频解码器(410)解码的至少一个已编码视频序列；在同一实施例或另一实施例中，一次接收一个已编码视频序列，其中每个已编码视频序列的解码独立于其它已编码视频序列。可从信道(401)接收已编码视频序列，所述信道可以是通向存储已编码的视频数据的存储装置的硬件/软件链路。接收器(431)可接收已编码的视频数据以及其它数据，例如，可转发到它们各自的使用实体(未标示)的已编码音频数据和/或辅助数据流。接收器(431)可将已编码视频序列与其它数据分开。为了防止网络抖动，缓冲存储器(415)可耦接在接收器(431)与熵解码器/解析器(420)(此后称为“解析器(420)”)之间。在某些应用中，缓冲存储器(415)是视频解码器(410)的一部分。在其它情况下，所述缓冲存储器(415)可设置在视频解码器(410)外部(未标示)。而在其它情况下，视频解码器(410)的外部设置缓冲存储器(未标示)以例如防止网络抖动，且在视频解码器(410)的内部可配置另一缓冲存储器(415)以例如处理播出定时。而当接收器(431)从具有足够带宽和可控性的存储/转发装置或从等时同步网络接收数据时，也可能不需要配置缓冲存储器(415)，或可以将所述缓冲存储器做得较小。当然，为了在互联网等业务分组网络上使用，也可能需要缓冲存储器(415)，所述缓冲存储器可相对较大且可具有自适应性大小，且可至少部分地实施于操作系统或视频解码器(410)外部的类似元件(未标示)中。The receiver (431) may receive at least one encoded video sequence to be decoded by the video decoder (410); in the same embodiment or another embodiment, the encoded video sequences are received one at a time, where each encoded video sequence Decoding is independent of other encoded video sequences. The encoded video sequence may be received from a channel (401), which may be a hardware/software link to a storage device storing the encoded video data. The receiver (431) may receive encoded video data as well as other data such as encoded audio data and/or ancillary data streams that may be forwarded to their respective consuming entities (not labeled). The receiver (431) can separate the encoded video sequence from other data. To prevent network jitter, a buffer memory (415) may be coupled between the receiver (431) and the entropy decoder/parser (420) (hereinafter "parser (420)"). In some applications, the buffer memory (415) is part of the video decoder (410). In other cases, the buffer memory (415) may be provided external to the video decoder (410) (not labeled). In other cases, a buffer memory (not labeled) is provided outside the video decoder (410), for example, to prevent network jitter, and another buffer memory (415) can be configured inside the video decoder (410), for example, to handle broadcasting. Out of time. When the receiver (431) receives data from a store/forward device with sufficient bandwidth and controllability or from an isochronous network, the buffer memory (415) may not need to be configured, or the buffer memory may be made smaller. Of course, for use on traffic packet networks such as the Internet, buffer memory (415) may also be required, which may be relatively large and may have an adaptive size, and may be implemented at least partially in the operating system or video decoder (410) in similar components (not labeled) externally.
视频解码器(410)可包括解析器(420)以根据已编码视频序列重建符号(421)。这些符号的类别包括用于管理视频解码器(410)的操作的信息，以及用以控制显示装置(412)(例如，显示屏)等显示装置的潜在信息，所述显示装置不是电子装置(430)的组成部分，但可耦接到电子装置(430)，如图4中所示。用于显示装置的控制信息可以是辅助增强信息(Supplemental Enhancement Information，SEI消息)或视频可用性信息(VideoUsability Information，VUI)的参数集片段(未标示)。解析器(420)可对接收到的已编码视频序列进行解析/熵解码。已编码视频序列的编码可根据视频编码技术或标准进行，且可遵循各种原理，包括可变长度编码、霍夫曼编码(Huffman Coding)、具有或不具有上下文灵敏度的算术编码等等。解析器(420)可基于对应于群组的至少一个参数，从已编码视频序列提取用于视频解码器中的像素的子群中的至少一个子群的子群参数集。子群可包括图片群组(Group of Pictures，GOP)、图片、图块、条带、宏块、编码单元(Coding Unit，CU)、块、变换单元(Transform Unit，TU)、预测单元(Prediction Unit，PU)等等。解析器(420)还可从已编码视频序列提取信息，例如变换系数、量化器参数值、运动矢量等等。The video decoder (410) may include a parser (420) to reconstruct symbols (421) from the encoded video sequence. Categories of these symbols include information used to manage the operation of the video decoder (410), and potentially information used to control a display device such as a display device (412) (e.g., a display screen) that is not an electronic device (430 ), but may be coupled to an electronic device (430), as shown in Figure 4. The control information for the display device may be a parameter set fragment (not labeled) of Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI message) or Video Usability Information (VUI). The parser (420) may parse/entropy decode the received encoded video sequence. Encoding of the encoded video sequence may be performed according to a video coding technology or standard, and may follow various principles, including variable length coding, Huffman Coding, arithmetic coding with or without context sensitivity, and so on. The parser (420) may extract a set of subgroup parameters from the encoded video sequence for at least one of the subgroups of pixels in the video decoder based on at least one parameter corresponding to the group. The subgroup may include a Group of Pictures (GOP), a picture, a tile, a slice, a macroblock, a coding unit (CU), a block, a transformation unit (TU), a prediction unit (Prediction Unit, PU) and so on. The parser (420) may also extract information from the encoded video sequence, such as transform coefficients, quantizer parameter values, motion vectors, etc.
解析器(420)可对从缓冲存储器(415)接收的视频序列执行熵解码/解析操作，从而创建符号(421)。The parser (420) may perform entropy decoding/parsing operations on the video sequence received from the buffer memory (415), thereby creating symbols (421).
取决于已编码视频图片或一部分已编码视频图片(例如：帧间图片和帧内图片、帧间块和帧内块)的类型以及其它因素，符号(421)的重建可涉及两个及两个以上不同单元。涉及哪些单元以及涉及方式可由解析器(420)从已编码视频序列解析的子群控制信息控制。为了简洁起见，未描述解析器(420)与下文的两个及两个以上单元之间的此类子群控制信息流。Depending on the type of coded video picture or part of a coded video picture (e.g., inter-picture and intra-picture, inter-frame and intra-block) and other factors, the reconstruction of symbol (421) may involve two and two Different units above. Which units are involved and how they are involved can be controlled by subgroup control information parsed by the parser (420) from the encoded video sequence. For the sake of brevity, such subgroup control information flow between the parser (420) and two or more units below is not described.
除已经提及的功能块以外，视频解码器(410)可在概念上细分成如下文所描述的数个功能单元。在商业约束下运行的实际实施例中，这些单元中的许多单元彼此紧密交互并且可以彼此集成。然而，出于描述所公开主题的目的，概念上细分成下文的功能单元是适当的。In addition to the functional blocks already mentioned, the video decoder (410) can be conceptually subdivided into several functional units as described below. In practical embodiments operating within commercial constraints, many of these units interact closely with each other and can be integrated with each other. However, for the purpose of describing the disclosed subject matter, a conceptual subdivision into functional units below is appropriate.
第一单元是缩放器/逆变换单元(451)。缩放器/逆变换单元(451)从解析器(420)接收作为符号(421)的量化变换系数以及控制信息，包括使用哪种变换方式、块大小、量化因子、量化缩放矩阵等。缩放器/逆变换单元(451)可输出包括样本值的块，所述样本值可输入到聚合器(455)中。The first unit is a scaler/inverse transform unit (451). The scaler/inverse transform unit (451) receives the quantized transform coefficients as symbols (421) from the parser (420) as well as control information, including which transform method is used, block size, quantization factor, quantized scaling matrix, etc. The scaler/inverse transform unit (451) may output a block including sample values, which may be input into the aggregator (455).
在一些情况下，缩放器/逆变换单元(451)的输出样本可属于帧内编码块；即：不使用来自先前重建的图片的预测性信息，但可使用来自当前图片的先前重建部分的预测性信息的块。此类预测性信息可由帧内图片预测单元(452)提供。在一些情况下，帧内图片预测单元(452)采用从当前图片缓冲器(458)提取的已重建信息生成大小和形状与正在重建的块相同的周围块。举例来说，当前图片缓冲器(458)缓冲部分重建的当前图片和/或完全重建的当前图片。在一些情况下，聚合器(455)基于每个样本，将帧内预测单元(452)生成的预测信息添加到由缩放器/逆变换单元(451)提供的输出样本信息中。In some cases, the output samples of the scaler/inverse transform unit (451) may belong to intra-coded blocks; i.e., no predictive information from previously reconstructed pictures is used, but predictions from previously reconstructed portions of the current picture may be used Chunks of sexual information. Such predictive information may be provided by intra picture prediction units (452). In some cases, the intra picture prediction unit (452) uses reconstructed information extracted from the current picture buffer (458) to generate surrounding blocks that are the same size and shape as the block being reconstructed. For example, the current picture buffer (458) buffers a partially reconstructed current picture and/or a fully reconstructed current picture. In some cases, the aggregator (455) adds the prediction information generated by the intra prediction unit (452) to the output sample information provided by the scaler/inverse transform unit (451) on a per-sample basis.
在其它情况下，缩放器/逆变换单元(451)的输出样本可属于帧间编码和潜在运动补偿块。在此情况下，运动补偿预测单元(453)可访问参考图片存储器(457)以提取用于预测的样本。在根据符号(421)对提取的样本进行运动补偿之后，这些样本可由聚合器(455)添加到缩放器/逆变换单元(451)的输出(在这种情况下被称作残差样本或残差信号)，从而生成输出样本信息。运动补偿预测单元(453)从参考图片存储器(457)内的地址获取预测样本可受到运动矢量控制，且所述运动矢量以所述符号(421)的形式而供运动补偿预测单元(453)使用，所述符号(421)例如是包括X、Y和参考图片分量。运动补偿还可包括在使用子样本精确运动矢量时，从参考图片存储器(457)提取的样本值的内插、运动矢量预测机制等等。In other cases, the output samples of the scaler/inverse transform unit (451) may belong to inter-coding and latent motion compensation blocks. In this case, the motion compensated prediction unit (453) may access the reference picture memory (457) to extract samples for prediction. After the extracted samples are motion compensated according to the sign (421), these samples may be added by the aggregator (455) to the output of the scaler/inverse transform unit (451) (called residual samples or residual samples in this case). difference signal), thereby generating output sample information. The motion compensation prediction unit (453) obtains prediction samples from an address within the reference picture memory (457), which may be controlled by a motion vector, and the motion vector is available to the motion compensation prediction unit (453) in the form of the symbol (421). , the symbol (421) includes, for example, X, Y and reference picture components. Motion compensation may also include interpolation of sample values extracted from the reference picture memory (457), motion vector prediction mechanisms, etc. when using sub-sample accurate motion vectors.
聚合器(455)的输出样本可在环路滤波器单元(456)中被各种环路滤波技术采用。视频压缩技术可包括环路内滤波器技术，所述环路内滤波器技术受控于包括在已编码视频序列(也称作已编码视频码流)中的参数，且所述参数作为来自解析器(420)的符号(421)可用于环路滤波器单元(456)。然而，在其他实施例中，视频压缩技术还可响应于在解码已编码图片或已编码视频序列的先前(按解码次序)部分期间获得的元信息，以及响应于先前重建且经过环路滤波的样本值。The output samples of the aggregator (455) can be employed in various loop filtering techniques in the loop filter unit (456). Video compression techniques may include in-loop filter techniques that are controlled by parameters included in an encoded video sequence (also referred to as an encoded video stream) as a result of parsing The symbol (421) of the filter (420) can be used for the loop filter unit (456). However, in other embodiments, the video compression technique may also be responsive to meta-information obtained during decoding of an encoded picture or a previous (in decoding order) portion of an encoded video sequence, as well as to previously reconstructed and loop-filtered sample value.
环路滤波器单元(456)的输出可以是样本流，所述样本流可输出到显示装置(412)以及存储在参考图片存储器(457)，以用于后续的帧间图片预测。The output of the loop filter unit (456) may be a stream of samples that may be output to the display device (412) and stored in a reference picture memory (457) for subsequent inter picture prediction.
一旦完全重建，某些已编码图片就可用作参考图片以用于将来预测。举例来说，一旦对应于当前图片的已编码图片被完全重建，且已编码图片(通过例如解析器(420))被识别为参考图片，则当前图片缓冲器(458)可变为参考图片存储器(457)的一部分，且可在开始重建后续已编码图片之前重新分配新的当前图片缓冲器。Once fully reconstructed, certain encoded pictures can be used as reference pictures for future predictions. For example, once the encoded picture corresponding to the current picture is fully reconstructed and the encoded picture is identified (eg, by parser (420)) as a reference picture, the current picture buffer (458) may become a reference picture memory (457), and a new current picture buffer can be reallocated before starting to reconstruct subsequent encoded pictures.
视频解码器(410)可根据例如ITU-T H.265标准中的预定视频压缩技术执行解码操作。在已编码视频序列遵循视频压缩技术或标准的语法以及视频压缩技术或标准中记录的配置文件的意义上，已编码视频序列可符合所使用的视频压缩技术或标准指定的语法。具体地说，配置文件可从视频压缩技术或标准中可用的所有工具中选择某些工具作为在所述配置文件下可供使用的仅有工具。对于合规性，还要求已编码视频序列的复杂度处于视频压缩技术或标准的层级所限定的范围内。在一些情况下，层级限制最大图片大小、最大帧率、最大重建取样率(以例如每秒兆(mega)个样本为单位进行测量)、最大参考图片大小等。在一些情况下，由层级设定的限制可通过假想参考解码器(Hypothetical ReferenceDecoder，HRD)规范和在已编码视频序列中用信号表示的HRD缓冲器管理的元数据来进一步限定。The video decoder (410) may perform decoding operations according to a predetermined video compression technique in, for example, the ITU-T H.265 standard. The encoded video sequence may conform to the syntax specified by the video compression technology or standard used, in the sense that the encoded video sequence follows the syntax of the video compression technology or standard and the profiles documented in the video compression technology or standard. Specifically, a profile may select certain tools from among all tools available in a video compression technology or standard as the only tools available for use under the profile. For compliance, it is also required that the complexity of the encoded video sequence is within the bounds of the hierarchy of the video compression technology or standard. In some cases, the hierarchy limits maximum picture size, maximum frame rate, maximum reconstruction sampling rate (measured in, for example, mega samples per second), maximum reference picture size, etc. In some cases, the limits set by the hierarchy may be further defined by Hypothetical Reference Decoder (HRD) specifications and HRD buffer management metadata signaled in the encoded video sequence.
在实施例中，接收器(431)可连同已编码视频一起接收附加(冗余)数据。所述附加数据可以是已编码视频序列的一部分。所述附加数据可由视频解码器(410)用以对数据进行适当解码和/或较准确地重建原始视频数据。附加数据可呈例如时间、空间或信噪比(Signal Noise Ratio，SNR)增强层、冗余条带、冗余图片、前向纠错码等形式。In embodiments, the receiver (431) may receive additional (redundant) data along with the encoded video. The additional data may be part of the encoded video sequence. The additional data may be used by the video decoder (410) to properly decode the data and/or to more accurately reconstruct the original video data. The additional data may be in the form of, for example, time, space or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhancement layers, redundant stripes, redundant pictures, forward error correction codes, etc.
图5是根据本申请公开的实施例的视频编码器(503)的框图。视频编码器(503)设置于电子装置(520)中。电子装置(520)包括传输器(540)(例如传输电路)。视频编码器(503)可用于代替图3实施例中的视频编码器(303)。Figure 5 is a block diagram of a video encoder (503) in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein. The video encoder (503) is provided in the electronic device (520). The electronic device (520) includes a transmitter (540) (eg, a transmission circuit). Video encoder (503) may be used in place of video encoder (303) in the embodiment of Figure 3.
视频编码器(503)可从视频源(501)(并非图5实施例中的电子装置(520)的一部分)接收视频样本，所述视频源可采集将由视频编码器(503)编码的视频图像。在另一实施例中，视频源(501)是电子装置(520)的一部分。Video encoder (503) may receive video samples from a video source (501) that is not part of the electronic device (520) in the FIG. 5 embodiment, which may capture video images to be encoded by video encoder (503) . In another embodiment, video source (501) is part of an electronic device (520).
视频源(501)可提供将由视频编码器(503)编码的呈数字视频样本流形式的源视频序列，所述数字视频样本流可具有任何合适位深度(例如：8位、10位、12位……)、任何色彩空间(例如BT.601Y CrCb、RGB……)和任何合适取样结构(例如Y CrCb 4:2:0、Y CrCb 4:4:4)。在媒体服务系统中，视频源(501)可以是存储先前已准备的视频的存储装置。在视频会议系统中，视频源(501)可以是采集本地图像信息作为视频序列的相机。可将视频数据提供为两个及两个以上单独的图片，当按顺序观看时，这些图片被赋予运动。图片自身可构建为空间像素阵列，其中取决于所用的取样结构、色彩空间等，每个像素可包括一个或两个及两个以上样本。所属领域的技术人员可以很容易理解像素与样本之间的关系。下文侧重于描述样本。The video source (501) may provide a source video sequence to be encoded by the video encoder (503) in the form of a stream of digital video samples that may have any suitable bit depth (e.g., 8-bit, 10-bit, 12-bit ...), any color space (such as BT.601Y CrCb, RGB...) and any suitable sampling structure (such as Y CrCb 4:2:0, Y CrCb 4:4:4). In the media service system, the video source (501) may be a storage device that stores previously prepared videos. In a video conferencing system, the video source (501) may be a camera that collects local image information as a video sequence. Video data can be provided as two or more separate pictures that are given motion when viewed in sequence. The picture itself can be constructed as a spatial array of pixels, where each pixel can include one or two or more samples, depending on the sampling structure used, color space, etc. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the relationship between pixels and samples. What follows focuses on describing the sample.
根据实施例，视频编码器(503)可实时或在由应用所要求的任何其它时间约束下，将源视频序列的图片编码且压缩成已编码视频序列(543)。施行适当的编码速度是控制器(550)的一个功能。在一些实施例中，控制器(550)控制如下文所描述的其它功能单元且在功能上耦接到这些单元。为了简洁起见，图中未标示耦接。由控制器(550)设置的参数可包括速率控制相关参数(图片跳过、量化器、率失真优化技术的λ值等)、图片大小、图片群组(Group of Pictures，GOP)布局，最大运动矢量搜索范围等。控制器(550)可用于具有其它合适的功能，这些功能涉及针对某一系统设计优化的视频编码器(503)。According to an embodiment, the video encoder (503) may encode and compress the pictures of the source video sequence into an encoded video sequence (543) in real time or under any other time constraints required by the application. Enforcing appropriate encoding speeds is a function of the controller (550). In some embodiments, the controller (550) controls and is functionally coupled to other functional units as described below. For the sake of simplicity, couplings are not labeled in the figure. Parameters set by the controller (550) may include rate control related parameters (picture skipping, quantizer, lambda value of rate distortion optimization technology, etc.), picture size, Group of Pictures (GOP) layout, maximum motion Vector search range etc. The controller (550) may be configured to have other suitable functions related to the video encoder (503) optimized for a certain system design.
在一些实施例中，视频编码器(503)在编码环路中进行操作。作为简单的描述，在实施例中，编码环路可包括源编码器(530)(例如，负责基于待编码的输入图片和参考图片创建符号，例如符号流)和嵌入于视频编码器(503)中的(本地)解码器(533)。解码器(533)以类似于(远程)解码器创建样本数据的方式重建符号以创建样本数据(因为在本申请所考虑的视频压缩技术中，符号与已编码视频码流之间的任何压缩是无损的)。将重建的样本流(样本数据)输入到参考图片存储器(534)。由于符号流的解码产生与解码器位置(本地或远程)无关的位精确结果，因此参考图片存储器(534)中的内容在本地编码器与远程编码器之间也是按比特位精确对应的。换句话说，编码器的预测部分“看到”的参考图片样本与解码器将在解码期间使用预测时所“看到”的样本值完全相同。这种参考图片同步性基本原理(以及在例如因信道误差而无法维持同步性的情况下产生的漂移)也用于一些相关技术。In some embodiments, the video encoder (503) operates in an encoding loop. As a brief description, in an embodiment, the encoding loop may include a source encoder (530) (e.g., responsible for creating symbols, such as a symbol stream based on the input picture and the reference picture to be encoded) and an embedded video encoder (503) (native) decoder in (533). The decoder (533) reconstructs the symbols to create the sample data in a similar manner to the way the (remote) decoder creates the sample data (because in the video compression techniques considered in this application, any compression between the symbols and the encoded video stream is lossless). The reconstructed sample stream (sample data) is input to the reference picture memory (534). Since decoding of the symbol stream produces bit-accurate results independent of the decoder location (local or remote), the contents of the reference picture memory (534) also correspond bit-accurately between the local and remote encoders. In other words, the reference picture samples "seen" by the prediction part of the encoder are exactly the same sample values that the decoder would "see" if prediction was used during decoding. This basic principle of reference picture synchronization (and the resulting drift if synchronization cannot be maintained, for example due to channel errors) is also used in some related technologies.
“本地”解码器(533)的操作可与例如已在上文结合图4详细描述视频解码器(410)的“远程”解码器相同。然而，另外简要参考图4，当符号可用且熵编码器(545)和解析器(420)能够无损地将符号编码/解码为已编码视频序列时，包括缓冲存储器(415)和解析器(420)在内的视频解码器(410)的熵解码部分，可能无法完全在本地解码器(533)中实施。The operation of the "local" decoder (533) may be the same as the "remote" decoder, such as the video decoder (410) which has been described in detail above in connection with Figure 4. However, with additional brief reference to Figure 4, when symbols are available and the entropy encoder (545) and parser (420) are capable of losslessly encoding/decoding the symbols into an encoded video sequence, including the buffer memory (415) and the parser (420) ), the entropy decoding part of the video decoder (410) may not be fully implemented in the native decoder (533).
此时可以观察到，除存在于解码器中的解析/熵解码之外的任何解码器技术，也必定以基本上相同的功能形式存在于对应的编码器中。出于此原因，本申请侧重于解码器操作。可简化编码器技术的描述，因为编码器技术与全面地描述的解码器技术互逆。仅在某些区域中需要更详细的描述，并且在下文提供。It can be observed at this point that any decoder technology other than parsing/entropy decoding present in the decoder must also be present in the corresponding encoder in essentially the same functional form. For this reason, this application focuses on decoder operation. The description of the encoder technology can be simplified because the encoder technology is reciprocal to the fully described decoder technology. More detailed descriptions are only required in certain areas and are provided below.
在操作期间，在一些实施例中，源编码器(530)可执行运动补偿预测编码。参考来自视频序列中被指定为“参考图片”的一个或两个及两个以上先前已编码图片，所述运动补偿预测编码对输入图片进行预测性编码。以此方式，编码引擎(532)对输入图片的像素块与参考图片的像素块之间的差异进行编码，所述参考图片可被选作所述输入图片的预测参考。During operation, in some embodiments, the source encoder (530) may perform motion compensated predictive encoding. The motion compensated predictive coding predictably codes the input picture with reference to one or two or more previously coded pictures from the video sequence that are designated as "reference pictures". In this manner, the encoding engine (532) encodes differences between blocks of pixels of an input picture and blocks of pixels of a reference picture that may be selected as a prediction reference for the input picture.
本地视频解码器(533)可基于源编码器(530)创建的符号，对可指定为参考图片的图片的已编码视频数据进行解码。编码引擎(532)的操作可为有损过程。当已编码视频数据可在视频解码器(图5中未示)处被解码时，重建的视频序列通常可以是带有一些误差的源视频序列的副本。本地视频解码器(533)复制解码过程，所述解码过程可由视频解码器对参考图片执行，且可使重建的参考图片存储在参考图片高速缓存(534)中。以此方式，视频编码器(503)可在本地存储重建的参考图片的副本，所述副本与将由远端视频解码器获得的重建参考图片具有共同内容(不存在传输误差)。The local video decoder (533) may decode the encoded video data of a picture that may be designated as a reference picture based on the symbols created by the source encoder (530). The operation of the encoding engine (532) may be a lossy process. When the encoded video data may be decoded at a video decoder (not shown in Figure 5), the reconstructed video sequence may typically be a copy of the source video sequence with some errors. The local video decoder (533) replicates the decoding process that may be performed by the video decoder on the reference picture and may cause the reconstructed reference picture to be stored in the reference picture cache (534). In this way, the video encoder (503) can store locally a copy of the reconstructed reference picture that has common content (without transmission errors) with the reconstructed reference picture to be obtained by the remote video decoder.
预测器(535)可针对编码引擎(532)执行预测搜索。即，对于将要编码的新图片，预测器(535)可在参考图片存储器(534)中搜索可作为所述新图片的适当预测参考的样本数据(作为候选参考像素块)或某些元数据，例如参考图片运动矢量、块形状等。预测器(535)可基于样本块逐像素块操作，以找到合适的预测参考。在一些情况下，根据预测器(535)获得的搜索结果，可确定输入图片可具有从参考图片存储器(534)中存储的两个及两个以上参考图片取得的预测参考。The predictor (535) may perform a predictive search against the encoding engine (532). That is, for a new picture to be encoded, the predictor (535) may search the reference picture memory (534) for sample data (as candidate reference pixel blocks) or some metadata that may serve as a suitable prediction reference for the new picture, For example, reference picture motion vectors, block shapes, etc. The predictor (535) may operate on a block-by-pixel basis based on blocks of samples to find suitable prediction references. In some cases, based on the search results obtained by the predictor (535), it may be determined that the input picture may have prediction references taken from two or more reference pictures stored in the reference picture memory (534).
控制器(550)可管理源编码器(530)的编码操作，包括例如设置用于对视频数据进行编码的参数和子群参数。The controller (550) may manage encoding operations of the source encoder (530), including, for example, setting parameters and subgroup parameters for encoding video data.
可在熵编码器(545)中对所有上述功能单元的输出进行熵编码。熵编码器(545)根据例如霍夫曼编码、可变长度编码、算术编码等技术对各种功能单元生成的符号进行无损压缩，从而将所述符号变换成已编码视频序列。The outputs of all the above functional units may be entropy encoded in an entropy encoder (545). The entropy encoder (545) performs lossless compression on symbols generated by various functional units according to techniques such as Huffman coding, variable length coding, arithmetic coding, etc., thereby transforming the symbols into encoded video sequences.
传输器(540)可缓冲由熵编码器(545)创建的已编码视频序列，从而为通过通信信道(560)进行传输做准备，所述通信信道可以是通向将存储已编码的视频数据的存储装置的硬件/软件链路。传输器(540)可将来自视频编码器(503)的已编码视频数据与要传输的其它数据合并，所述其它数据例如是已编码音频数据和/或辅助数据流(未示出来源)。The transmitter (540) may buffer the encoded video sequence created by the entropy encoder (545) in preparation for transmission over a communication channel (560), which may be a channel to which the encoded video data will be stored. Hardware/software link for storage devices. The transmitter (540) may combine the encoded video data from the video encoder (503) with other data to be transmitted, such as encoded audio data and/or ancillary data streams (sources not shown).
控制器(550)可管理视频编码器(503)的操作。在编码期间，控制器(550)可以为每个已编码图片分配某一已编码图片类型，但这可能影响可应用于相应的图片的编码技术。例如，通常可将图片分配为以下任一种图片类型：Controller (550) may manage the operation of video encoder (503). During encoding, the controller (550) may assign a certain encoded picture type to each encoded picture, but this may affect the encoding technique that can be applied to the corresponding picture. For example, you can typically assign a picture to one of the following picture types:
帧内图片(I图片)，其可以是不将序列中的任何其它图片用作预测源就可被编码和解码的图片。一些视频编解码器容许不同类型的帧内图片，包括例如独立解码器刷新(Independent Decoder Refresh，“IDR”)图片。所属领域的技术人员了解I图片的变体及其相应的应用和特征。Intra pictures (I pictures), which can be pictures that can be encoded and decoded without using any other pictures in the sequence as a prediction source. Some video codecs allow different types of intra pictures, including, for example, Independent Decoder Refresh ("IDR") pictures. Those skilled in the art are aware of variations of I-pictures and their corresponding applications and features.
预测性图片(P图片)，其可以是可使用帧内预测或帧间预测进行编码和解码的图片，所述帧内预测或帧间预测使用至多一个运动矢量和参考索引来预测每个块的样本值。Predictive pictures (P-pictures), which can be pictures that can be encoded and decoded using intra- or inter-prediction, which uses at most one motion vector and a reference index to predict each block sample value.
双向预测性图片(B图片)，其可以是可使用帧内预测或帧间预测进行编码和解码的图片，所述帧内预测或帧间预测使用至多两个运动矢量和参考索引来预测每个块的样本值。类似地，两个及两个以上预测性图片可使用多于两个参考图片和相关联元数据以用于重建单个块。Bidirectionally predictive pictures (B pictures), which can be pictures that can be encoded and decoded using intra or inter prediction, which uses up to two motion vectors and a reference index to predict each block of sample values. Similarly, two or more predictive pictures may use more than two reference pictures and associated metadata for reconstructing a single block.
源图片通常可在空间上细分成两个及两个以上样本块(例如，4×4、8×8、4×8或16×16个样本的块)，且逐块进行编码。这些块可参考其它(已编码)块进行预测编码，根据应用于块的相应图片的编码分配来确定所述其它块。举例来说，I图片的块可进行非预测编码，或所述块可参考同一图片的已经编码的块来进行预测编码(空间预测或帧内预测)。P图片的像素块可参考一个先前编码的参考图片通过空间预测或通过时域预测进行预测编码。B图片的块可参考一个或两个先前编码的参考图片通过空间预测或通过时域预测进行预测编码。The source picture can typically be spatially subdivided into two or more blocks of samples (eg, blocks of 4×4, 8×8, 4×8, or 16×16 samples) and encoded block by block. These blocks may be predictively coded with reference to other (already coded) blocks, which are determined according to the coding assignment applied to the corresponding picture of the block. For example, blocks of an I picture may be non-predictively coded, or the blocks may be predictively coded (spatial prediction or intra prediction) with reference to already coded blocks of the same picture. Pixel blocks of a P picture can be predictively coded by spatial prediction or by temporal prediction with reference to a previously coded reference picture. A block of a B picture may be predictively coded by spatial prediction or by temporal prediction with reference to one or two previously coded reference pictures.
视频编码器(503)可根据例如ITU-T H.265建议书的预定视频编码技术或标准执行编码操作。在操作中，视频编码器(503)可执行各种压缩操作，包括利用输入视频序列中的时间和空间冗余的预测编码操作。因此，已编码视频数据可符合所用视频编码技术或标准指定的语法。The video encoder (503) may perform encoding operations according to a predetermined video encoding technology or standard, such as ITU-T Recommendation H.265. In operation, the video encoder (503) may perform various compression operations, including predictive coding operations that exploit temporal and spatial redundancy in the input video sequence. Therefore, the encoded video data may conform to the syntax specified by the video encoding technology or standard used.
在实施例中，传输器(540)可在传输已编码的视频时传输附加数据。源编码器(530)可将此类数据作为已编码视频序列的一部分。附加数据可包括时间/空间/SNR增强层、冗余图片和条带等其它形式的冗余数据、SEI消息、VUI参数集片段等。In embodiments, the transmitter (540) may transmit additional data when transmitting the encoded video. The source encoder (530) may include such data as part of the encoded video sequence. Additional data may include other forms of redundant data such as time/space/SNR enhancement layers, redundant pictures and strips, SEI messages, VUI parameter set fragments, etc.
采集到的视频可作为呈时间序列的两个及两个以上源图片(视频图片)。帧内图片预测(常常简化为帧内预测)利用给定图片中的空间相关性，而帧间图片预测则利用图片之间的(时间或其它)相关性。在实施例中，将正在编码/解码的特定图片分割成块，正在编码/解码的特定图片被称作当前图片。在当前图片中的块类似于视频中先前已编码且仍被缓冲的参考图片中的参考块时，可通过称作运动矢量的矢量对当前图片中的块进行编码。所述运动矢量指向参考图片中的参考块，且在使用两个及两个以上参考图片的情况下，所述运动矢量可具有识别参考图片的第三维度。The collected video can be used as two or more source pictures (video pictures) in a time series. Intra picture prediction (often shortened to intra prediction) exploits the spatial correlations within a given picture, while inter picture prediction exploits the (temporal or other) correlations between pictures. In an embodiment, a specific picture being encoded/decoded is divided into blocks, and the specific picture being encoded/decoded is called the current picture. Blocks in the current picture may be encoded by vectors called motion vectors when they are similar to reference blocks in a previously encoded reference picture in the video that are still buffered. The motion vector points to a reference block in a reference picture, and in the case where two or more reference pictures are used, the motion vector may have a third dimension that identifies the reference picture.
在一些实施例中，双向预测技术可用于帧间图片预测中。根据双向预测技术，使用两个参考图片，例如按解码次序都在视频中的当前图片之前(但按显示次序可能分别是过去和将来)第一参考图片和第二参考图片。可通过指向第一参考图片中的第一参考块的第一运动矢量和指向第二参考图片中的第二参考块的第二运动矢量对当前图片中的块进行编码。具体来说，可通过第一参考块和第二参考块的组合来预测所述块。In some embodiments, bidirectional prediction techniques may be used in inter picture prediction. According to bidirectional prediction technology, two reference pictures are used, such as a first reference picture and a second reference picture that are both before the current picture in the video in decoding order (but may be in the past and future respectively in display order). A block in the current picture may be encoded by a first motion vector pointing to a first reference block in the first reference picture and a second motion vector pointing to a second reference block in the second reference picture. Specifically, the block may be predicted by a combination of a first reference block and a second reference block.
此外，合并模式技术可用于帧间图片预测中以改善编码效率。In addition, merge mode technology can be used in inter picture prediction to improve coding efficiency.
根据本申请公开的一些实施例，帧间图片预测和帧内图片预测等预测的执行以块为单位。举例来说，根据HEVC标准，将视频图片序列中的图片分割成编码树单元(CodingTree Unit，CTU)以用于压缩，图片中的CTU具有相同大小，例如64×64像素、32×32像素或16×16像素。一般来说，CTU包括三个编码树块(Coding Tree Block，CTB)，所述三个编码树块是一个亮度CTB和两个色度CTB。更进一步的，还可将每个CTU以四叉树拆分为一个或两个及两个以上编码单元(Coding Unit，CU)。举例来说，可将64×64像素的CTU拆分为一个64×64像素的CU，或四个32×32像素的CU，或十六个16×16像素的CU。在实施例中，分析每个CU以确定用于CU的预测类型，例如帧间预测类型或帧内预测类型。此外，取决于时间和/或空间可预测性，将CU拆分为一个或两个及两个以上预测单元(Prediction Unit，PU)。通常，每个PU包括亮度预测块(Prediction Block，PB)和两个色度PB。在实施例中，编码(编码/解码)中的预测操作以预测块为单位来执行。以亮度预测块作为预测块为例，预测块包括像素值(例如，亮度值)的矩阵，例如8×8像素、16×16像素、8×16像素、16×8像素等等。According to some embodiments disclosed in the present application, predictions such as inter picture prediction and intra picture prediction are performed in block units. For example, according to the HEVC standard, pictures in a video picture sequence are divided into coding tree units (CodingTree Units, CTUs) for compression. The CTUs in the pictures have the same size, such as 64×64 pixels, 32×32 pixels, or 16×16 pixels. Generally speaking, a CTU includes three coding tree blocks (CTBs), which are one luma CTB and two chroma CTBs. Furthermore, each CTU can also be split into one or two or more coding units (Coding Units, CUs) using a quadtree. For example, a 64×64 pixel CTU can be split into one 64×64 pixel CU, or four 32×32 pixel CUs, or sixteen 16×16 pixel CUs. In an embodiment, each CU is analyzed to determine the prediction type for the CU, such as inter prediction type or intra prediction type. In addition, the CU is split into one or two or more prediction units (PU) depending on temporal and/or spatial predictability. Typically, each PU includes a luma prediction block (PB) and two chroma PBs. In embodiments, prediction operations in encoding (encoding/decoding) are performed in units of prediction blocks. Taking a brightness prediction block as a prediction block as an example, the prediction block includes a matrix of pixel values (eg, brightness values), such as 8×8 pixels, 16×16 pixels, 8×16 pixels, 16×8 pixels, and so on.
图6是根据本申请公开的另一实施例的视频编码器(603)的图。视频编码器(603)用于接收视频图片序列中的当前视频图片内的样本值的处理块(例如预测块)，且将所述处理块编码到作为已编码视频序列的一部分的已编码图片中。在本实施例中，视频编码器(603)用于代替图3实施例中的视频编码器(303)。Figure 6 is a diagram of a video encoder (603) according to another embodiment disclosed herein. A video encoder (603) for receiving a processing block (eg, a prediction block) of sample values within a current video picture in a sequence of video pictures and encoding the processing block into a coded picture that is part of the coded video sequence. . In this embodiment, the video encoder (603) is used to replace the video encoder (303) in the embodiment of Figure 3.
在HEVC实施例中，视频编码器(603)接收用于处理块的样本值的矩阵，所述处理块为例如8×8样本的预测块等。视频编码器(603)使用例如率失真(Rate-Distortion，RD)优化来确定是否使用帧内模式、帧间模式或双向预测模式来编码所述处理块。当在帧内模式中编码处理块时，视频编码器(603)可使用帧内预测技术以将处理块编码到已编码图片中；且当在帧间模式或双向预测模式中编码处理块时，视频编码器(603)可分别使用帧间预测或双向预测技术将处理块编码到已编码图片中。在某些视频编码技术中，合并模式可以是帧间图片预测子模式，其中，在不借助预测值外部的已编码运动矢量分量的情况下，从一个或两个及两个以上运动矢量预测值导出运动矢量。在某些其它视频编码技术中，可存在适用于主题块的运动矢量分量。在实施例中，视频编码器(603)包括其它组件，例如用于确定处理块模式的模式决策模块(未示出)。In a HEVC embodiment, the video encoder (603) receives a matrix of sample values for a processing block, such as a prediction block of 8x8 samples, or the like. The video encoder (603) determines whether to encode the processing block using intra mode, inter mode, or bidirectional prediction mode using, for example, rate-distortion (RD) optimization. When the processing block is encoded in intra mode, the video encoder (603) may use intra prediction techniques to encode the processing block into the encoded picture; and when the processing block is encoded in inter mode or bidirectional prediction mode, The video encoder (603) may encode processing blocks into encoded pictures using inter prediction or bidirectional prediction techniques, respectively. In some video coding techniques, the merge mode may be an inter picture prediction sub-mode, in which a motion vector predictor is predicted from one or more motion vectors without resorting to coded motion vector components external to the predictor. Export motion vectors. In some other video coding techniques, there may be motion vector components applicable to the subject block. In an embodiment, the video encoder (603) includes other components, such as a mode decision module (not shown) for determining processing block modes.
在图6的实施例中，视频编码器(603)包括如图6所示的耦接到一起的帧间编码器(630)、帧内编码器(622)、残差计算器(623)、开关(626)、残差编码器(624)、通用控制器(621)和熵编码器(625)。In the embodiment of Figure 6, the video encoder (603) includes an inter encoder (630), an intra encoder (622), a residual calculator (623) coupled together as shown in Figure 6, Switch (626), Residual Encoder (624), Universal Controller (621) and Entropy Encoder (625).
帧间编码器(630)用于接收当前块(例如处理块)的样本、比较所述块与参考图片中的一个或两个及两个以上参考块(例如先前图片和后来图片中的块)、生成帧间预测信息(例如根据帧间编码技术的冗余信息描述、运动矢量、合并模式信息)、以及基于帧间预测信息使用任何合适的技术计算帧间预测结果(例如已预测块)。在一些实施例中，参考图片是基于已编码的视频信息解码的已解码参考图片。An inter encoder (630) for receiving samples of a current block (eg, a processing block) and comparing the block to one or two or more reference blocks in a reference picture (eg, blocks in a previous picture and a subsequent picture) , generate inter prediction information (such as redundant information descriptions, motion vectors, merge mode information according to inter coding techniques), and calculate inter prediction results (such as predicted blocks) based on the inter prediction information using any suitable technique. In some embodiments, the reference picture is a decoded reference picture decoded based on encoded video information.
帧内编码器(622)用于接收当前块(例如处理块)的样本、在一些情况下比较所述块与同一图片中已编码的块、在变换之后生成量化系数、以及在一些情况下还(例如根据一个或两个及两个以上帧内编码技术的帧内预测方向信息)生成帧内预测信息。在实施例中，帧内编码器(622)还基于帧内预测信息和同一图片中的参考块计算帧内预测结果(例如已预测块)。An intra encoder (622) is used to receive samples of the current block (e.g., a processing block), in some cases compare the block to already encoded blocks in the same picture, generate quantization coefficients after a transform, and in some cases also Intra prediction information is generated (for example, based on intra prediction direction information of one or two or more intra coding techniques). In an embodiment, the intra encoder (622) also calculates intra prediction results (eg, predicted blocks) based on intra prediction information and reference blocks in the same picture.
通用控制器(621)用于确定通用控制数据，且基于所述通用控制数据控制视频编码器(603)的其它组件。在实施例中，通用控制器(621)确定块的模式，且基于所述模式将控制信号提供到开关(626)。举例来说，当所述模式是帧内模式时，通用控制器(621)控制开关(626)以选择供残差计算器(623)使用的帧内模式结果，且控制熵编码器(625)以选择帧内预测信息且将所述帧内预测信息添加在码流中；以及当所述模式是帧间模式时，通用控制器(621)控制开关(626)以选择供残差计算器(623)使用的帧间预测结果，且控制熵编码器(625)以选择帧间预测信息且将所述帧间预测信息添加在码流中。A general controller (621) is used to determine general control data and control other components of the video encoder (603) based on the general control data. In an embodiment, the general controller (621) determines the mode of the block and provides a control signal to the switch (626) based on the mode. For example, when the mode is intra mode, the general controller (621) controls the switch (626) to select the intra mode result for use by the residual calculator (623) and controls the entropy encoder (625) to select intra prediction information and add the intra prediction information in the code stream; and when the mode is the inter mode, the general controller (621) controls the switch (626) to select for the residual calculator ( 623) uses the inter prediction result, and controls the entropy encoder (625) to select inter prediction information and add the inter prediction information to the code stream.
残差计算器(623)用于计算所接收的块与选自帧内编码器(622)或帧间编码器(630)的预测结果之间的差(残差数据)。残差编码器(624)用于基于残差数据操作，以对残差数据进行编码以生成变换系数。在实施例中，残差编码器(624)用于将残差数据从空间域变换到频域，且生成变换系数。变换系数接着经由量化处理以获得量化的变换系数。在各种实施例中，视频编码器(603)还包括残差解码器(628)。残差解码器(628)用于执行逆变换，且生成已解码残差数据。已解码残差数据可适当地由帧内编码器(622)和帧间编码器(630)使用。举例来说，帧间编码器(630)可基于已解码残差数据和帧间预测信息生成已解码块，且帧内编码器(622)可基于已解码残差数据和帧内预测信息生成已解码块。适当处理已解码块以生成已解码图片，且在一些实施例中，所述已解码图片可在存储器电路(未示出)中缓冲并用作参考图片。The residual calculator (623) is used to calculate the difference (residual data) between the received block and the prediction result selected from the intra coder (622) or the inter coder (630). A residual encoder (624) operates based on the residual data to encode the residual data to generate transform coefficients. In an embodiment, a residual encoder (624) is used to transform residual data from the spatial domain to the frequency domain and generate transform coefficients. The transform coefficients are then subjected to a quantization process to obtain quantized transform coefficients. In various embodiments, the video encoder (603) also includes a residual decoder (628). A residual decoder (628) is used to perform the inverse transform and generate decoded residual data. The decoded residual data may be used by the intra-encoder (622) and inter-encoder (630) as appropriate. For example, the inter encoder (630) may generate decoded blocks based on the decoded residual data and inter prediction information, and the intra encoder (622) may generate decoded blocks based on the decoded residual data and intra prediction information. Decoding block. The decoded blocks are appropriately processed to generate decoded pictures, and in some embodiments, the decoded pictures may be buffered in memory circuitry (not shown) and used as reference pictures.
熵编码器(625)用于将码流格式化以产生已编码的块。熵编码器(625)根据HEVC标准等合适标准产生各种信息。在实施例中，熵编码器(625)用于获得通用控制数据、所选预测信息(例如帧内预测信息或帧间预测信息)、残差信息和码流中的其它合适的信息。应注意，根据所公开的主题，当在帧间模式或双向预测模式的合并子模式中对块进行编码时，不存在残差信息。An entropy encoder (625) is used to format the codestream to produce encoded blocks. The entropy encoder (625) generates various information according to suitable standards such as the HEVC standard. In an embodiment, an entropy encoder (625) is used to obtain general control data, selected prediction information (eg, intra prediction information or inter prediction information), residual information, and other suitable information in the code stream. It should be noted that in accordance with the disclosed subject matter, when a block is encoded in inter mode or merged sub-mode of bi-prediction mode, no residual information is present.
图7是根据本申请公开的另一实施例的视频解码器(710)的图。视频解码器(710)用于接收作为已编码视频序列的一部分的已编码图像，且对所述已编码图像进行解码以生成重建的图片。在实施例中，视频解码器(710)用于代替图3实施例中的视频解码器(310)。Figure 7 is a diagram of a video decoder (710) according to another embodiment disclosed herein. A video decoder (710) is configured to receive an encoded image as part of an encoded video sequence and to decode the encoded image to generate a reconstructed picture. In an embodiment, video decoder (710) is used in place of video decoder (310) in the embodiment of Figure 3.
在图7实施例中，视频解码器(710)包括如图7中所示耦接到一起的熵解码器(771)、帧间解码器(780)、残差解码器(773)、重建模块(774)和帧内解码器(772)。In the Figure 7 embodiment, the video decoder (710) includes an entropy decoder (771), an inter-frame decoder (780), a residual decoder (773), a reconstruction module coupled together as shown in Figure 7 (774) and intra decoder (772).
熵解码器(771)可用于根据已编码图片来重建某些符号，这些符号表示构成所述已编码图片的语法元素。此类符号可包括例如用于对所述块进行编码的模式(例如帧内模式、帧间模式、双向预测模式、后两者的合并子模式或另一子模式)、可分别识别供帧内解码器(772)或帧间解码器(780)用以进行预测的某些样本或元数据的预测信息(例如帧内预测信息或帧间预测信息)、呈例如量化的变换系数形式的残差信息等等。在实施例中，当预测模式是帧间或双向预测模式时，将帧间预测信息提供到帧间解码器(780)；以及当预测类型是帧内预测类型时，将帧内预测信息提供到帧内解码器(772)。残差信息可经由逆量化并提供到残差解码器(773)。An entropy decoder (771) may be used to reconstruct certain symbols from a coded picture that represent the syntax elements that make up the coded picture. Such symbols may include, for example, the mode used to encode the block (eg, intra mode, inter mode, bidirectional prediction mode, a combined sub-mode of the latter two, or another sub-mode), which may be separately identified for intra. Prediction information (such as intra prediction information or inter prediction information) for certain samples or metadata used by the decoder (772) or the inter decoder (780) for prediction, residuals in the form of, for example, quantized transform coefficients Information and so on. In an embodiment, when the prediction mode is an inter or bi-prediction mode, inter prediction information is provided to the inter decoder (780); and when the prediction type is an intra prediction type, intra prediction information is provided to the frame Internal decoder(772). The residual information may be inversely quantized and provided to the residual decoder (773).
帧间解码器(780)用于接收帧间预测信息，且基于所述帧间预测信息生成帧间预测结果。The inter-frame decoder (780) is configured to receive inter-frame prediction information and generate an inter-frame prediction result based on the inter-frame prediction information.
帧内解码器(772)用于接收帧内预测信息，且基于所述帧内预测信息生成预测结果。The intra decoder (772) is configured to receive intra prediction information and generate prediction results based on the intra prediction information.
残差解码器(773)用于执行逆量化以提取解量化的变换系数，且处理所述解量化的变换系数，以将残差从频域变换到空间域。残差解码器(773)还可能需要某些控制信息(用以获得量化器参数QP)，且所述信息可由熵解码器(771)提供(未标示数据路径，因为这仅仅是低量控制信息)。The residual decoder (773) is used to perform inverse quantization to extract dequantized transform coefficients and process the dequantized transform coefficients to transform the residual from the frequency domain to the spatial domain. The residual decoder (773) may also require some control information (to obtain the quantizer parameters QP), and this information may be provided by the entropy decoder (771) (the data path is not labeled as this is only a low amount of control information ).
重建模块(774)用于在空间域中组合由残差解码器(773)输出的残差与预测结果(可由帧间预测模块或帧内预测模块输出)以形成重建的块，所述重建的块可以是重建的图片的一部分，所述重建的图片继而可以是重建的视频的一部分。应注意，可执行解块操作等其它合适的操作来改善视觉质量。The reconstruction module (774) is used to combine the residual output by the residual decoder (773) with the prediction result (which can be output by the inter prediction module or the intra prediction module) in the spatial domain to form a reconstructed block, the reconstructed block A block may be part of a reconstructed picture, which may in turn be part of a reconstructed video. It should be noted that other suitable operations such as deblocking operations can be performed to improve visual quality.
应注意，可使用任何合适的技术来实施视频编码器(303)、视频编码器(503)和视频编码器(603)以及视频解码器(310)、视频解码器(410)和视频解码器(710)。在实施例中，可使用一个或两个及两个以上集成电路来实施视频编码器(303)、视频编码器(503)和视频编码器(603)以及视频解码器(310)、视频解码器(410)和视频解码器(710)。在另一实施例中，可使用执行软件指令的一个或两个及两个以上处理器来实施视频编码器(303)、视频编码器(503)和视频编码器(603)以及视频解码器(310)、视频解码器(410)和视频解码器(710)。It should be noted that video encoder (303), video encoder (503), and video encoder (603) as well as video decoder (310), video decoder (410), and video decoder (310) may be implemented using any suitable technology. 710). In embodiments, one or two or more integrated circuits may be used to implement the video encoder (303), video encoder (503), and video encoder (603) as well as the video decoder (310), video decoder (410) and video decoder (710). In another embodiment, video encoder (303), video encoder (503), video encoder (603) and video decoder (603) may be implemented using one or two or more processors executing software instructions. 310), video decoder (410) and video decoder (710).
本申请从不同方面提供了用于视频编码(编码/解码)中的仿射模型预测的技术。This application provides techniques for affine model prediction in video coding (encoding/decoding) from different aspects.
通常，块的运动矢量可以以显式方式编码，以向运动矢量预测器(例如，高级运动矢量预测或AMVP模式)发信号通知该差异；或者以隐含的方式编码，以从一个先前编码或生成的运动矢量中完全指示出来。后者被称为合并模式，意味着通过使用当前块的运动信息将当前块合并到先前编码的块中。Typically, a block's motion vector may be encoded in an explicit manner to signal the difference to a motion vector predictor (e.g., advanced motion vector prediction or AMVP mode); or implicitly encoded in a previously encoded or This is fully indicated in the generated motion vector. The latter is called merge mode and means that the current block is merged into previously encoded blocks by using the motion information of the current block.
在解码期间，AMVP模式和合并模式都构建候选列表。During decoding, both AMVP mode and merge mode build candidate lists.
通常，可以在块级执行运动补偿。也就是说，块是用于执行运动补偿的处理单元，并且块中的所有像素使用相同的运动信息来执行运动补偿。Typically, motion compensation can be performed at the block level. That is, a block is a processing unit for performing motion compensation, and all pixels in the block use the same motion information to perform motion compensation.
图8A示出了根据本公开实施例的块级运动补偿方法，称为双边匹配(800)。双边匹配(800)用于通过在两个不同的参考图片Ref0(802)和Ref1(803)中沿当前块(801)的运动轨迹找到两个块之间的最接近匹配来导出当前图片(801)中的当前块(811)的运动信息。在连续运动轨迹的假设下，指向两个参考块(812)和(813)的运动矢量MV0和MV1可以与当前图片(801)和两个参考图片(802)和(803)之间的时间距离，即TD0和TD1，成比例。在一些实施例中，当当前图片(801)在时间上位于两个参考图片(802)和(803)之间并且从当前图片到两个参考图片的时间距离相同(即，TD0＝TD1)时，双边匹配成为基于镜像的双向运动矢量预测。Figure 8A illustrates a block-level motion compensation method, called bilateral matching (800), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Bilateral matching (800) is used to derive the current picture (801) by finding the closest match between the two blocks in two different reference pictures Ref0 (802) and Ref1 (803) along the motion trajectory of the current block (801) ) motion information of the current block (811). Under the assumption of continuous motion trajectories, the motion vectors MV0 and MV1 pointing to the two reference blocks (812) and (813) can be the same as the time distance between the current picture (801) and the two reference pictures (802) and (803). , that is, TD0 and TD1 are proportional. In some embodiments, when the current picture (801) is temporally located between two reference pictures (802) and (803) and the temporal distance from the current picture to the two reference pictures is the same (i.e., TD0=TD1) , bilateral matching becomes mirror-based bidirectional motion vector prediction.
图8B示出了根据本公开实施例的另一种块级运动补偿方法，称为模板匹配(850)。模板匹配(850)用于通过找到模板(例如，当前图片(851)中的当前块(861)的顶部相邻块(862)和/或左相邻块(863))以及与参考图片(852)中的模板大小相同的块之间的最接近匹配来导出当前图片(851)中的当前块(861)的运动信息。Figure 8B illustrates another block-level motion compensation method, called template matching (850), according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Template matching (850) is used by finding a template (e.g., top neighbor (862) and/or left neighbor (863) of the current block (861) in the current picture (851)) and matching it with the reference picture (852) ) to derive the motion information of the current block (861) in the current picture (851).
在某些情况下，块内不同位置处的像素可以具有不同的运动信息以执行运动补偿。这种运动补偿方法被称为子块级运动补偿方法，其中块的运动补偿的实际处理单元可以小于块本身。换句话说，可以将块划分为两个及两个以上子块，每个子块可以使用不同的运动信息(例如，不同的运动矢量)来执行运动补偿。在一个例子中，可以将块划分为M×N个子块，其中M是行数，N是列数。In some cases, pixels at different locations within a block can have different motion information to perform motion compensation. This motion compensation method is called a sub-block level motion compensation method, where the actual processing unit of the motion compensation of the block can be smaller than the block itself. In other words, a block may be divided into two or more sub-blocks, and each sub-block may use different motion information (eg, different motion vectors) to perform motion compensation. In one example, a block can be divided into M×N sub-blocks, where M is the number of rows and N is the number of columns.
图9示出了根据本公开实施例的定向子块级运动矢量预测方法。在定向子块级运动矢量预测模式中，对于给定方向，当前块中的子块使用子块的相邻参考块的运动信息来预测子块的运动矢量。图9示出了具有垂直方向的运动矢量预测。在图9中示出的示例中，当前块(901)被划分为4×4(M＝4和N＝4)个子块C11～C44，并且当前块(901)的上部相邻块是子块A01～A04，其可以用作当前块(901)的参考块。在该预测方法中，分别从它们的上部相邻子块A01、A02、A03和A04预测C11～C14、C21～C24、C31～C34和C41～C44。例如，C21～C24由它们的上部相邻子块A02预测。Figure 9 illustrates a directional sub-block level motion vector prediction method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In directional sub-block-level motion vector prediction mode, for a given direction, a sub-block in the current block uses the motion information of the sub-block's neighboring reference blocks to predict the motion vector of the sub-block. Figure 9 shows motion vector prediction with vertical direction. In the example shown in FIG. 9 , the current block (901) is divided into 4×4 (M=4 and N=4) sub-blocks C11˜C44, and the upper neighboring blocks of the current block (901) are sub-blocks A01 to A04, which can be used as reference blocks for the current block (901). In this prediction method, C11 to C14, C21 to C24, C31 to C34 and C41 to C44 are predicted from their upper adjacent sub-blocks A01, A02, A03 and A04 respectively. For example, C21 to C24 are predicted by their upper adjacent sub-block A02.
一些子块级运动矢量预测方法可以基于周围相邻块及其运动信息的可用性。对于这样的运动矢量预测方法，如果这些相邻块中的任何一个不可用或不存在(例如图片边界或切片(slice)边界)，或者尚未编码，或者没有一组有效的运动信息(例如，不是以帧间模式编码)，则当前块的运动补偿将无法正常达成。为了使这种子块级运动矢量预测方法在更多条件下达成，下面将描述从周围相邻块生成有用且显著有利的运动信息的方法。Some sub-block level motion vector prediction methods can be based on the availability of surrounding neighboring blocks and their motion information. For such a motion vector prediction method, if any of these neighboring blocks is not available or does not exist (e.g. picture boundary or slice boundary), or has not been encoded, or does not have a valid set of motion information (e.g. not Encoding in inter mode), the motion compensation of the current block will not be achieved normally. In order to make this sub-block level motion vector prediction method reachable under more conditions, a method of generating useful and significantly advantageous motion information from surrounding neighboring blocks will be described below.
根据一些实施例，对于当前块中的子块，与子块的运动矢量预测器相关联的参考图片可以不同于与当前块中的另一子块的运动矢量预测器相关联的参考图片。另外，公共参考图片(或双向预测情况下的一对公共参考图片，称为图片对)用于预测当前块。因此，执行缩放处理，使得当前块中的子块的运动矢量被缩放以指向公共参考图片(或图片对)。另外，来自相邻子块的所有运动矢量预测器被缩放到当前块的公共参考图片(或图片对)。According to some embodiments, for a sub-block in a current block, a reference picture associated with a motion vector predictor of the sub-block may be different from a reference picture associated with a motion vector predictor of another sub-block in the current block. In addition, a common reference picture (or a pair of common reference pictures in the case of bidirectional prediction, called a picture pair) is used to predict the current block. Therefore, the scaling process is performed so that the motion vectors of the sub-blocks in the current block are scaled to point to the common reference picture (or picture pair). Additionally, all motion vector predictors from neighboring sub-blocks are scaled to the common reference picture (or picture pair) of the current block.
在一个实施例中，选择列表0中的第一参考图片作为当前块的公共参考图片。另外，在双向预测的情况下，可以将列表1中的第二参考图片与第一参考图片一起选择作为一对公共参考图片。In one embodiment, the first reference picture in list 0 is selected as the common reference picture of the current block. In addition, in the case of bidirectional prediction, the second reference picture in List 1 may be selected together with the first reference picture as a pair of common reference pictures.
在一个实施例中，高级别标志(诸如在片头、图片参数集或序列参数集中)用于指示哪个参考图片(或图片对)是用于缩放处理的公共参考图片(或图片对)。In one embodiment, a high-level flag (such as in the slice header, picture parameter set, or sequence parameter set) is used to indicate which reference picture (or picture pair) is the common reference picture (or picture pair) for scaling processing.
在一个实施例中，指定用于导出当前块的时间运动矢量预测值(TMVP)的共址图片(或图片对)被用作公共参考图片(或图片对)。In one embodiment, a co-located picture (or picture pair) designated for deriving the temporal motion vector predictor (TMVP) of the current block is used as a common reference picture (or picture pair).
在双向预测情况下，通常利用两个运动矢量来预测子块。在一个实施例中，这两个运动矢量由公共参考图片的不同列表预测，并且如果仅指定了一个公共参考图片，则可以丢弃由不同列表中的未指定公共参考图片预测的运动矢量，同时保留通过指定的公共参考图片预测的运动矢量。In the case of bidirectional prediction, two motion vectors are usually utilized to predict sub-blocks. In one embodiment, the two motion vectors are predicted by different lists of common reference pictures, and if only one common reference picture is specified, the motion vector predicted by the unspecified common reference picture in the different lists can be discarded while retaining Motion vector predicted from the specified public reference picture.
根据一些实施例，对于具有至少一个顶部相邻参考子块的当前块，如果至少一个顶部相邻参考子块之一的运动信息不可用，则所述至少一个顶部相邻参考子块之一的相邻子块将用于替换所述至少一个子块之一作为当前块的顶部相邻参考子块。According to some embodiments, for a current block having at least one top neighbor reference sub-block, if motion information of one of the at least one top neighbor reference sub-block is not available, then the motion information of one of the at least one top neighbor reference sub-block is The neighboring sub-block will be used to replace one of the at least one sub-block as the top neighboring reference sub-block of the current block.
参考图9，例如，子块A0X(X＝1、2、3或4)是当前块(901)的顶部相邻参考子块。子块A0X的一些相邻子块是左相邻子块A0(X-1)、右相邻子块A0(X+1)以及上部相邻子块A(-1)X，其中(-1)表示子块A0X上部的位置。Referring to Figure 9, for example, sub-block AOX (X=1, 2, 3 or 4) is the top neighboring reference sub-block of the current block (901). Some neighboring sub-blocks of sub-block A0X are left neighboring sub-block A0(X-1), right neighboring sub-block A0(X+1) and upper neighboring sub-block A(-1)X, where (-1 ) represents the position of the upper part of sub-block A0X.
在一个实施例中，如果子块A0X的运动信息不可用，但是子块A0X的相邻子块的运动信息可用，则可以使用子块A0X的相邻子块替换子块A0X作为当前块(901)的顶部相邻参考子块。在一个示例中，如果子块A0X的左相邻子块A0(X-1)的运动信息可用，则子块A0(X-1)可以替换子块A0X作为当前块(901)的顶部相邻参考子块。在另一示例中，如果子块A0X的右相邻子块A0(X+1)的运动信息可用，则子块A0(X+1)可以替换子块A0X作为当前块(901)的顶部相邻参考子块。在第三示例中，如果子块A0X的顶部相邻子块A(-1)X的运动信息可用，则子块A(-1)X可以替换子块A0X作为当前块(901)的顶部相邻参考子块。In one embodiment, if the motion information of sub-block A0X is not available, but the motion information of neighboring sub-blocks of sub-block A0X is available, the neighboring sub-blocks of sub-block A0X may be used to replace sub-block A0X as the current block (901 ) of the top adjacent reference sub-block. In one example, if motion information of sub-block A0(X-1), the left neighbor of sub-block A0X, is available, sub-block A0(X-1) may replace sub-block A0X as the top neighbor of the current block (901) Reference sub-block. In another example, if the motion information of the right neighboring sub-block A0(X+1) of the sub-block A0X is available, the sub-block A0(X+1) may replace the sub-block A0X as the top phase of the current block (901). Neighbor reference sub-block. In the third example, if the motion information of the top neighboring sub-block A(-1)X of the sub-block A0X is available, the sub-block A(-1)X may replace the sub-block A0X as the top phase of the current block (901). Neighbor reference sub-block.
在第四示例中，可以对子块A0(X-1)、A0(X+1)和A(-1)X的运动信息进行加权组合并将其用作子块A0X的运动信息。权重可以取决于这些相邻子块的运动信息的可用性。例如，权重可以在具有可用运动信息的子块之间均匀分布。另外，子块A00的运动矢量可以用在参考子块A0X的运动信息不可用的一些示例中。In the fourth example, the motion information of the sub-blocks A0(X-1), A0(X+1), and A(-1)X may be weighted and used as the motion information of the sub-block A0X. The weights may depend on the availability of motion information for these neighboring sub-blocks. For example, weights can be evenly distributed among sub-blocks with available motion information. Additionally, the motion vector of sub-block A00 may be used in some examples where the motion information of reference sub-block A0X is not available.
根据一些实施例，对于具有至少一个左相邻参考子块的当前块，如果至少一个左相邻参考子块之一的运动信息不可用，则至少一个左相邻参考子块之一的相邻子块将用于替换至少一个子块之一作为当前块的左相邻参考子块。According to some embodiments, for a current block with at least one left adjacent reference sub-block, if motion information of one of the at least one left adjacent reference sub-block is not available, then the adjacent one of the at least one left adjacent reference sub-block is The sub-block will be used to replace at least one of the sub-blocks as the left adjacent reference sub-block of the current block.
仍然参照图9的示例，子块LX0(X＝1、2、3或4)是当前块(901)的左相邻参考子块。子块LX0的一些相邻子块是上部相邻子块L(X-1)0、下部相邻子块L(X+1)0和左相邻子块LX(-1)，其中-1表示子块LX0的左侧位置。Still referring to the example of Figure 9, sub-block LX0 (X=1, 2, 3 or 4) is the left adjacent reference sub-block of the current block (901). Some of the neighboring sub-blocks of sub-block LX0 are the upper neighboring sub-block L(X-1)0, the lower neighboring sub-block L(X+1)0 and the left neighboring sub-block LX(-1), where -1 Indicates the left position of sub-block LX0.
在一个实施例中，如果子块LX0的运动信息不可用，但是子块LX0的相邻子块的运动信息可用，则子块LX0的相邻子块可用于替换子块LX0作为当前块(901)的左相邻参考子块。在一个示例中，如果子块LX0的上部相邻子块L(X-1)0的运动信息可用，则子块L(X-1)0可替换子块LX0作为当前块(901)的左相邻参考子块。在另一示例中，如果子块LX0的下部相邻子块L(X+1)0的运动信息可用，则子块L(X+1)0可替换子块LX0作为当前块(901)的左相邻参考子块。在第三示例中，如果子块LX0的左相邻子块LX(-1)的运动信息可用，则子块LX(-1)可替换子块LX0作为当前块(901)的左相邻参考子块。在第四示例中，可以对子块L(X-1)0、L(X+1)0和LX(-1)的运动信息进行加权组合并将其用作子块LX0的运动信息。权重可以取决于这些相邻子块的运动信息的可用性。例如，权重可以在具有可用运动信息的子块之间均匀分布。另外，在参考子块LX0的运动信息不可用的一些示例中，可以使用子块A00的运动矢量。In one embodiment, if the motion information of sub-block LX0 is not available, but the motion information of neighboring sub-blocks of sub-block LX0 is available, the neighboring sub-blocks of sub-block LX0 may be used to replace sub-block LX0 as the current block (901 ) of the left adjacent reference sub-block. In one example, if the motion information of the upper neighboring sub-block L(X-1)0 of the sub-block LX0 is available, the sub-block L(X-1)0 may replace the sub-block LX0 as the left side of the current block (901). Adjacent reference sub-blocks. In another example, if the motion information of the lower neighboring sub-block L(X+1)0 of the sub-block LX0 is available, the sub-block L(X+1)0 may replace the sub-block LX0 as the current block (901) Left adjacent reference sub-block. In a third example, if the motion information of sub-block LX0's left neighbor sub-block LX(-1) is available, sub-block LX(-1) may replace sub-block LX0 as the left neighbor reference of the current block (901) sub-block. In the fourth example, the motion information of the sub-blocks L(X-1)0, L(X+1)0, and LX(-1) may be weighted and used as the motion information of the sub-block LX0. The weights may depend on the availability of motion information for these neighboring sub-blocks. For example, weights can be evenly distributed among sub-blocks with available motion information. Additionally, in some examples where motion information of reference sub-block LX0 is not available, the motion vector of sub-block A00 may be used.
根据一些实施例，对于当前块的顶部相邻参考子块，检查相邻子块的运动信息的可用性的顺序可以是从最左边的相邻子块到最右边的相邻子块，反之亦然。参照图9中所示的示例，在一个实施例中，对于当前块(901)的顶部相邻参考子块(A01～A04)，可以首先检查子块A00的运动信息，然后检查子块A01、A02等，直到检查所有必要子块的运动信息的可用性为止。在另一实施例中，可以首先检查子块A0(N+1)的运动信息(图9示例中的N＝4)，然后检查子块A0(N)、A0(N-1)等，直到检查所有必要子块的运动信息的可用性为止。According to some embodiments, for the top neighboring reference sub-block of the current block, the order in which the availability of motion information of the neighboring sub-blocks is checked may be from the leftmost neighboring sub-block to the rightmost neighboring sub-block and vice versa. . Referring to the example shown in FIG. 9 , in one embodiment, for the top adjacent reference sub-blocks (A01˜A04) of the current block (901), the motion information of the sub-block A00 may be first checked, and then the sub-blocks A01, A04, A02 and so on until the availability of motion information for all necessary sub-blocks is checked. In another embodiment, the motion information of sub-block A0(N+1) may be checked first (N=4 in the example of Figure 9), and then sub-blocks A0(N), A0(N-1), etc. may be checked until Check the availability of motion information for all necessary sub-blocks.
根据一些实施例，对于当前块的左相邻参考子块，检查相邻子块的运动信息的可用性的顺序可以是从最上面的相邻子块到最下面的相邻子块，反之亦然。仍然参照图9的示例，在一个实施例中，对于当前块(901)的左相邻参考子块(L10～L40)，可以首先检查子块A00的运动信息，然后检查子块L10、L20等，直到检查所有必要子块的运动信息的可用性为止。在另一实施例中，可以首先检查子块L(M+1)0(图9示例中的M＝4)的运动信息，然后检查子块L(M)0、L(M-1)0等，直到检查所有必要子块的运动信息的可用性为止。According to some embodiments, for a left adjacent reference sub-block of the current block, the order in which the availability of motion information of the adjacent sub-blocks is checked may be from the top adjacent sub-block to the bottom adjacent sub-block, and vice versa. . Still referring to the example of Figure 9, in one embodiment, for the left adjacent reference sub-block (L10~L40) of the current block (901), the motion information of the sub-block A00 can be checked first, and then the sub-blocks L10, L20, etc. , until the availability of motion information for all necessary sub-blocks is checked. In another embodiment, the motion information of the sub-block L(M+1)0 (M=4 in the example of Figure 9) may be checked first, and then the sub-blocks L(M)0, L(M-1)0 etc. until the availability of motion information for all necessary sub-blocks is checked.
图10示出了根据本公开实施例的示例性平面运动预测方法。在平面运动预测方法中，以平面帧内预测模式的类似方式导出每个子块的运动矢量。Figure 10 illustrates an exemplary planar motion prediction method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the planar motion prediction method, the motion vector of each sub-block is derived in a similar manner to the planar intra prediction mode.
首先，当前块(1001)外部的右下(BR)角子块(1002)(除非另有说明，称为BR子块)的运动矢量可通过使用在共址参考图片中右下(BR)角子块(1002)的共址子块的时间运动矢量预测器(TMVP)来预测。First, the motion vector of the lower right (BR) corner sub-block (1002) (unless otherwise stated, referred to as the BR sub-block) outside the current block (1001) can be obtained by using the lower right (BR) corner sub-block in the co-located reference picture. (1002) co-located sub-block temporal motion vector predictor (TMVP) to predict.
其次，外右列子块R(W，y)(1003)的运动矢量可使用当前块(1001)外部的BR子块(1002)和右上(AR)角子块(1004)(称为AR子块)的运动矢量的加权平均值来生成。类似地，外下行子块B(x，H)(1005)的运动矢量可使用当前块(1001)外部的BR子块(1002)和左下(BL)角子块(1006)(称为BL子块)的运动矢量的加权平均值来生成。Secondly, the motion vector of the outer right column sub-block R (W, y) (1003) can use the BR sub-block (1002) and the upper right (AR) corner sub-block (1004) outside the current block (1001) (called AR sub-block) The weighted average of motion vectors is generated. Similarly, the motion vector of the outer downlink sub-block B(x,H) (1005) may use the BR sub-block (1002) outside the current block (1001) and the lower left (BL) corner sub-block (1006) (called BL sub-block ) is generated by the weighted average of the motion vectors.
在生成子块B(x，H)的运动矢量之后，当前块(1001)的当前子块C(x，y)(1010)的运动矢量预测通过两个运动矢量预测值形成。一个运动矢量预测值是通过使用子块R(W，y)(1003)和外左列子块L(-1，y)(1007)的运动矢量的加权平均值而形成的水平预测值。另一个运动矢量预测值是通过使用子块B(x，H)(1005)和外上行子块A(x，-1)(1008)的运动矢量的加权平均值而形成的垂直预测值。随后通过水平预测值和垂直预测值的加权平均值来形成当前子块C(x，y)(1010)的运动矢量预测。After the motion vector of the sub-block B(x,H) is generated, the motion vector prediction of the current sub-block C(x,y)(1010) of the current block(1001) is formed by two motion vector predictors. One motion vector predictor is a horizontal predictor formed by using the weighted average of the motion vectors of the sub-block R(W, y) (1003) and the outer left column sub-block L(-1, y) (1007). Another motion vector predictor is a vertical predictor formed by using a weighted average of the motion vectors of sub-block B(x,H) (1005) and outer uplink sub-block A(x,-1) (1008). A motion vector prediction for the current sub-block C(x,y) (1010) is then formed by a weighted average of the horizontal and vertical predictors.
虽然在不同的平面运动矢量预测方法中来自相邻运动矢量的权重可能不同，但是在根据当前块的BR子块的运动信息执行运动矢量预测的方法中使用当前块的BR子块的运动信息是常见的。在这方面，一旦确定了BR子块的运动信息，就可以在给定平面运动矢量预测方法的情况下确定当前块的其他子块的预测值。因此，当使用平面运动矢量预测方法来构造当前块时，在以下段落中描述一些方法以响应于平面运动矢量预测模式的使用来确定当前块的右下(BR)角的至少一个TMVP候选值。Although the weights from adjacent motion vectors may be different in different planar motion vector prediction methods, using the motion information of the BR sub-block of the current block in the method of performing motion vector prediction based on the motion information of the BR sub-block of the current block is Common. In this regard, once the motion information of a BR sub-block is determined, the predicted values of other sub-blocks of the current block can be determined given the planar motion vector prediction method. Therefore, when a planar motion vector prediction method is used to construct a current block, some methods are described in the following paragraphs to determine at least one TMVP candidate value of the lower right (BR) corner of the current block in response to use of the planar motion vector prediction mode.
图11示出了根据本公开实施例的从当前块(1101)的不同位置确定当前块(1101)的BR子块的TMVP的示例图。BR子块C0(1102)位于当前块(1101)外部的右下角。注意，BR角位置也可以位于C2位置，其位于当前块(1101)内。当选择子块C2(1103)作为BR子块时，AR和BL子块(1105)和(1106)可以可选地向内移动一个子块。换句话说，AR子块(1105)向左移动一个子块距离，并且BL子块(1106)向上移动一个子块距离。其余的基于子块的平面运动矢量推导也可以相应地进行。例如，当前块(1101)的外右列位置将成为当前块(1101)的最右列位置。因此，为了简化描述，在以下段落中使用BR角来指示BR子块C0(1102)和C2(1103)中的一个，除非另有说明。FIG. 11 shows an example diagram of determining the TMVP of the BR sub-block of the current block (1101) from different positions of the current block (1101) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. BR sub-block C0 (1102) is located in the lower right corner outside the current block (1101). Note that the BR corner position can also be at the C2 position, which is within the current block (1101). When sub-block C2 (1103) is selected as the BR sub-block, the AR and BL sub-blocks (1105) and (1106) may optionally be moved inward by one sub-block. In other words, the AR sub-block (1105) moves one sub-block distance to the left, and the BL sub-block (1106) moves up one sub-block distance. The rest of the sub-block based planar motion vector derivation can also be performed accordingly. For example, the outer right column position of the current block (1101) will become the rightmost column position of the current block (1101). Therefore, to simplify the description, the BR corner is used in the following paragraphs to indicate one of the BR sub-blocks C0 (1102) and C2 (1103), unless otherwise stated.
在一个实施例中，可以通过使用参考图片中的BR子块的共址块来确定BR角的TMVP。参考图片中的共址块与当前已编码图片中的BR角位于相同的位置。另外，发信号通知运动矢量差(MVD)，使得可以通过将发信号通知的MVD添加到TMVP来形成右下(BR)角的最终运动矢量。一旦确定了右下(BR)角的最终运动矢量，就可以使用平面运动矢量预测方法导出当前块(1101)的每个子块的运动矢量。In one embodiment, the TMVP of the BR corner may be determined by using co-located blocks of BR sub-blocks in the reference picture. The co-located block in the reference picture is located at the same location as the BR corner in the current encoded picture. Additionally, the motion vector difference (MVD) is signaled so that the final motion vector for the lower right (BR) corner can be formed by adding the signaled MVD to the TMVP. Once the final motion vector for the lower right (BR) corner is determined, the motion vector for each sub-block of the current block (1101) can be derived using the planar motion vector prediction method.
在另一实施例中，使用一个以上可能的TMVP来形成用于预测BR角的运动矢量的候选值列表。用信号通知候选值列表的索引以选择BR角的运动矢量预测值。另外，可以用信号通知运动矢量差(MVD)，使得可以通过将用信号通知的MVD添加到由索引标识的所选TMVP来形成BR角的最终运动矢量。In another embodiment, more than one possible TMVP is used to form a list of candidate values for motion vectors for predicting BR angles. Signal the index of the candidate value list to select the motion vector predictor for the BR angle. Additionally, the motion vector difference (MVD) may be signaled such that the final motion vector for the BR angle may be formed by adding the signaled MVD to the selected TMVP identified by the index.
为了形成候选值列表，下面描述一些可能的TMVP。To form a list of candidate values, some possible TMVPs are described below.
在一个示例中，可以通过使用子块C1(1104)的共址块(在共址图片中)来形成一个可能的TMVP，该子块位于与当前块(1101)的中心位置相邻的BR位置处。In one example, a possible TMVP can be formed by using a co-located block (in a co-located picture) of sub-block C1 (1104) located at a BR position adjacent to the center position of the current block (1101) at.
在另一示例中，可以通过使用位于当前块(1101)内部的BR角处的子块C2(1103)的共址块(在共址图片中)来形成一个可能的TMVP。In another example, one possible TMVP may be formed by using the co-located block (in the co-located picture) of sub-block C2 (1103) located at the BR corner inside the current block (1101).
在其他示例中，如果在与当前块(1101)相关的其他位置处的子块的运动信息可用，可以通过使用这些子块的TMVP来形成BR角的其他可能的TMVP，例如，子块C1(1104)、AR(1105)和BR(1106)。In other examples, if motion information of sub-blocks at other positions related to the current block (1101) is available, other possible TMVPs of the BR corners can be formed by using the TMVPs of these sub-blocks, e.g., sub-block C1 ( 1104), AR(1105) and BR(1106).
此外，在一些实施例中，如果当前块(1101)的AR(1105)和BL(1106)位置处的子块的运动矢量中的至少一个可用，则AR(1105)和BL(1106)位置处的子块的运动矢量的加权平均值可以用作BR角的运动矢量预测器。如果一个运动矢量不可用，则可以使用一个可用的运动矢量作为BR角的预测值。如果两者都可用，但是两个子块AR(1105)和BL(1106)的参考图片中的至少一个与用于预测当前块(1101)的参考图片不同，则执行缩放处理，使得具有不同参考图片的运动矢量在使用它(或它们)作为运动矢量预测值之前被缩放到当前块的参考图片。如果当前切片是具有来自两个列表的参考图片的B切片，则BR角的估计运动矢量预测值可以是执行双边搜索或解码器侧运动矢量细化搜索的起点。来自这种搜索的输出可以用作BR角的最终运动矢量预测值。Furthermore, in some embodiments, if at least one of the motion vectors of the sub-blocks at the AR (1105) and BL (1106) locations of the current block (1101) is available, then the AR (1105) and BL (1106) locations are The weighted average of the motion vectors of the sub-blocks can be used as a motion vector predictor for the BR angle. If a motion vector is unavailable, an available motion vector can be used as a predictor of the BR angle. If both are available, but at least one of the reference pictures of the two sub-blocks AR (1105) and BL (1106) is different from the reference picture used to predict the current block (1101), a scaling process is performed such that there are different reference pictures The motion vectors are scaled to the reference picture of the current block before using it (or them) as motion vector predictors. If the current slice is a B slice with reference pictures from both lists, the estimated motion vector predictor for the BR angle can be the starting point to perform a bilateral search or a decoder side motion vector refinement search. The output from this search can be used as the final motion vector predictor for the BR angle.
值得注意的是，MVD可以总是为0，因此在上面的示例中没有用信号通知。另外，可以预先确定候选值列表的候选值顺序。例如，候选值顺序可以由子块的位置预先确定。在这种情况下，可以首先检查子块C0(1102)的TMVP的可用性，然后可以检查子块C2(1103)的TMVP的可用性，接着检查子块C1(1104)的TMVP的可用性。可以通过根据预定顺序在候选值列表中选择可用预测值(例如，第一可用预测值)来进行对这些运动矢量预测值的选择。也可以通过选择预先选择的TMVP例如，BR子块C0(1102)的TMVP(如果可用)来进行对这些运动矢量预测值的选择。It's worth noting that MVD can always be 0, so it's not signaled in the example above. In addition, the order of the candidate values of the candidate value list may be determined in advance. For example, the candidate value order may be predetermined by the position of the sub-blocks. In this case, the availability of the TMVP of sub-block C0 (1102) may be checked first, then the availability of the TMVP of sub-block C2 (1103) may be checked, and then the availability of the TMVP of sub-block C1 (1104) may be checked. Selection of these motion vector predictors may be performed by selecting available predictors (eg, a first available predictor) in a list of candidate values according to a predetermined order. Selection of these motion vector predictors may also be performed by selecting a pre-selected TMVP, such as the TMVP of BR sub-block C0 (1102), if available.
根据一些实施例，上述方法可以用作一种具有用信号通知的MVD的高级运动矢量预测模式。当当前块未以合并或跳过模式编码时，可以使用块级标记来指示使用具有MVD的平面运动矢量预测模式。According to some embodiments, the above method may be used as an advanced motion vector prediction mode with signaled MVD. When the current block is not encoded in merge or skip mode, a block-level flag can be used to indicate the use of planar motion vector prediction mode with MVD.
根据一些实施例，上述方法可以与用信号通知的参考图片相关联。在这方面，预测方向(L0、L1或双预测)和每个方向的参考索引用于识别参考图片。或者，可以使用默认(推断的)参考图片，例如当前切片的预定义的共址图片、所选择的(例如，默认使用L0)或用信号通知的预测列表中的第一图片。According to some embodiments, the methods described above may be associated with signaled reference pictures. In this regard, the prediction direction (L0, L1 or bi-prediction) and the reference index of each direction are used to identify the reference picture. Alternatively, a default (inferred) reference picture may be used, such as a predefined co-located picture for the current slice, a selected (eg, L0 is used by default), or the first picture in a signaled prediction list.
在一个实施例中，如果用信号通知预测方向和参考图片，但是BR角的运动矢量预测值具有不同的参考图片，则将BR角的运动矢量预测值缩放到用信号通知的参考图片。另外，来自顶部相邻子块和左相邻子块的所有运动信息也被缩放到用信号通知的参考图片。In one embodiment, if the prediction direction and reference picture are signaled, but the motion vector predictor for the BR corner has a different reference picture, then the motion vector predictor for the BR corner is scaled to the signaled reference picture. Additionally, all motion information from the top and left neighboring sub-blocks is also scaled to the signaled reference picture.
在另一实施例中，如果在使用平面运动矢量预测时推断出预测方向和参考图片，则将BR角的运动矢量预测值缩放到推断的参考图片。另外，来自顶部相邻子块和左相邻子块的所有运动信息被缩放到推断的参考图片。在这种情况下，当使用平面运动矢量预测方法时，可以跳过预测方向和参考索引的信令。In another embodiment, if the prediction direction and reference picture are inferred when using planar motion vector prediction, then the motion vector predictor for the BR angle is scaled to the inferred reference picture. Additionally, all motion information from the top and left neighboring sub-blocks is scaled to the inferred reference picture. In this case, when using the planar motion vector prediction method, signaling of the prediction direction and reference index can be skipped.
在另一实施例中，如果用两个运动矢量来双预测BR角的运动矢量预测值，但是用信号通知或推断的预测方向是单向的，则仅保持具有推断的或用信号通知的方向的运动矢量预测值的运动信息。In another embodiment, if a motion vector predictor for a BR angle is bi-predicted with two motion vectors, but the signaled or inferred prediction direction is unidirectional, then only the direction with the inferred or signaled direction is kept The motion information of the motion vector predictor.
图12示出了根据本申请实施例的示例性过程(1200)的流程图。该过程(1200)可用于以帧内模式编码的块的重建，以便为重建下的块生成预测块。在各种实施例中，过程(1200)由处理电路执行，诸如终端设备(210)、(220)、(230)和(240)中的处理电路、执行视频编码器(303)功能的处理电路、执行视频解码器(310)功能的处理电路、执行视频解码器(410)功能的处理电路、执行帧内预测模块(452)功能的处理电路、执行视频编码器(503)功能的处理电路、执行预测器(535)功能的处理电路、执行帧内编码器(622)功能的处理电路、执行帧内解码器(772)功能的处理电路等。在一些实施例中，在软件指令中实施过程(1200)，因此当处理电路执行软件指令时，处理电路执行该过程(1200)。Figure 12 illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary process (1200) in accordance with an embodiment of the present application. This process (1200) may be used for reconstruction of blocks encoded in intra mode to generate prediction blocks for the reconstructed blocks. In various embodiments, process (1200) is performed by processing circuitry, such as in terminal devices (210), (220), (230), and (240), processing circuitry that performs the functions of video encoder (303) , a processing circuit that performs the function of the video decoder (310), a processing circuit that performs the function of the video decoder (410), a processing circuit that performs the function of the intra prediction module (452), a processing circuit that performs the function of the video encoder (503), Processing circuitry that performs a predictor (535) function, a processing circuit that performs an intra-encoder (622) function, a processing circuit that performs an intra-decoder (772) function, etc. In some embodiments, process (1200) is implemented in software instructions, such that when processing circuitry executes the software instructions, processing circuitry performs the process (1200).
该过程通常可以从步骤(S1210)开始，其中过程(1200)对作为已编码视频序列的一部分的当前已编码图片中当前块的预测信息进行解码。预测信息指示当前块是否使用平面运动矢量预测模式。另外，当前块被划分为两个及两个以上子块。在一个实施例中，在预测信息中用信号通知当前块的参考图片。当预测信息指示当前块使用平面运动矢量预测模式时，过程(1200)进行到(S1220)。The process may generally begin with step (S1210), where process (1200) decodes prediction information for a current block in a currently encoded picture that is part of an encoded video sequence. The prediction information indicates whether the current block uses planar motion vector prediction mode. In addition, the current block is divided into two or more sub-blocks. In one embodiment, the reference picture of the current block is signaled in the prediction information. When the prediction information indicates that the current block uses the planar motion vector prediction mode, the process (1200) proceeds to (S1220).
过程(1200)进行到步骤(S1220)，其中过程(1200)响应于平面运动矢量预测模式的使用，确定当前块的右下(BR)角的至少一个时间运动矢量预测值(TMVP)候选值。Process (1200) proceeds to step (S1220), where process (1200) determines at least one temporal motion vector predictor (TMVP) candidate value for the lower right (BR) corner of the current block in response to use of planar motion vector prediction mode.
在一个实施例中，BR角可以在当前块的内部。在另一实施例中，BR角可以在当前块的外部。In one embodiment, the BR corner may be inside the current block. In another embodiment, the BR corner may be outside the current block.
在一个实施例中，预测信息包括BR角的运动矢量差(MVD)，并且过程(1200)还包括：基于BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值之一和BR角的MVD确定最终运动矢量。In one embodiment, the prediction information includes a motion vector difference (MVD) of the BR angle, and the process (1200) further includes determining a final motion vector based on one of the at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR angle and the MVD of the BR angle.
在一个实施例中，当BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值之一的参考图片与当前块的参考图片不同时，过程(1200)将BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值之一缩放到当前块的参考图片，使得根据BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的被缩放候选值来重构当前块。In one embodiment, when the reference picture of one of the at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR corner is different from the reference picture of the current block, process (1200) scales one of the at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR corner to the reference picture of the current block. picture such that the current block is reconstructed according to the scaled candidate value among the at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR angle.
在一个实施例中，至少一个TMVP候选值包括基于参考图片中的共址块确定的TMVP候选值。参考图片中的共址块与在当前已编码图片中的BR角处的子块位于相同的位置。In one embodiment, the at least one TMVP candidate value includes a TMVP candidate value determined based on a co-located block in the reference picture. The co-located block in the reference picture is located at the same location as the sub-block at the BR corner in the current coded picture.
在一个实施例中，BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值包括位于当前块内部并且与BR角相邻的子块的TMVP候选值。In one embodiment, the at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR corner includes a TMVP candidate value of a sub-block located inside the current block and adjacent to the BR corner.
在一个实施例中，BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值包括位于当前块内部并且与当前块的中心相邻的子块。In one embodiment, at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR corner includes a sub-block located inside the current block and adjacent to the center of the current block.
在一个实施例中，BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值包括当前块的左下(BL)相邻子块的TMVP候选值。In one embodiment, the at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR corner includes a TMVP candidate value of a lower left (BL) neighboring sub-block of the current block.
在一个实施例中，BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值包括当前块的右上(AR)相邻子块的TMVP候选值。In one embodiment, at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR corner includes a TMVP candidate value of an upper right (AR) neighboring sub-block of the current block.
在一个实施例中，BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值包括取当前块的BL相邻子块和当前块的AR相邻子块的运动矢量的加权平均值的TMVP候选值。In one embodiment, at least one TMVP candidate value for the BR corner includes a TMVP candidate value that is a weighted average of motion vectors of BL neighboring sub-blocks of the current block and AR neighboring sub-blocks of the current block.
在一个实施例中，过程(1200)基于接收到的用于标识至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个的索引从至少一个TMVP候选值中选择对应的一个。In one embodiment, process (1200) selects a corresponding one of the at least one TMVP candidate value based on a received index identifying a corresponding one of the at least one TMVP candidate value.
在一个实施例中，过程(1200)基于预定的候选值顺序从至少一个TMVP候选值中选择对应的一个。In one embodiment, process (1200) selects a corresponding one from at least one TMVP candidate value based on a predetermined sequence of candidate values.
在一个实施例中，过程(1200)基于预先选择的TMVP候选值从至少一个TMVP候选值中选择对应的一个。In one embodiment, process (1200) selects a corresponding one from at least one TMVP candidate value based on a pre-selected TMVP candidate value.
在确定当前块的右下(BR)角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个之后，过程(1200)进行到步骤(S1230)。After determining one of the at least one TMVP candidate value for the lower right (BR) corner of the current block, the process (1200) proceeds to step (S1230).
在(S1230)，过程(1200)根据BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个导出当前块中的每个子块的运动矢量预测值，并根据当前块中的每个子块的运动矢量预测值重构当前块。At (S1230), the process (1200) derives a motion vector predictor value of each sub-block in the current block based on one of the at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR corner, and reconstructs the motion vector predictor value based on the motion vector predictor value of each sub-block in the current block. Construct the current block.
在构造当前块之后，过程(1200)终止。After constructing the current block, the process (1200) terminates.
上述所描述技术可以使用计算机可读指令实施为计算机软件，并且物理地存储在一个或两个及两个以上计算机可读介质中。图13示出了适合用于实施所公开主题的某些实施例的计算机系统(1300)。The techniques described above may be implemented as computer software using computer-readable instructions, and physically stored in one or two or more computer-readable media. Figure 13 illustrates a computer system (1300) suitable for implementing certain embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.
所述计算机软件可以使用任何合适的机器代码或计算机语言进行编码，这些机器代码或计算机语言可以经过汇编、编译、链接等机制以创建包括指令的代码，这些指令可以由一个或两个及两个以上计算机中央处理单元(Computer Central Processing Units，CPU)、图形处理单元(Graphics Processing Units，GPU)等直接执行，或者通过译码、微代码等方式执行。The computer software may be encoded using any suitable machine code or computer language that may be assembled, compiled, linked, etc., to create code that includes instructions, which may consist of one or two and two The above computer central processing units (Computer Central Processing Units, CPU), graphics processing units (Graphics Processing Units, GPU), etc. execute directly, or execute through decoding, microcode, etc.
所述指令可以在各种类型的计算机或其组件上执行，包括例如个人计算机、平板电脑、服务器、智能手机、游戏设备、物联网设备等。The instructions may be executed on various types of computers or components thereof, including, for example, personal computers, tablets, servers, smartphones, gaming devices, Internet of Things devices, and the like.
图13所示的用于计算机系统(1300)的组件本质上是示例性的，并且不旨在对实现本申请的实施例的计算机软件的使用范围或功能提出任何限制。也不应将组件的配置解释为对计算机系统(1300)的示范性实施例中所说明的组件中的任一者或组合具有任何依赖性或要求。The components shown in Figure 13 for the computer system (1300) are exemplary in nature and are not intended to impose any limitations on the scope of use or functionality of the computer software implementing embodiments of the present application. Nor should the configuration of the components be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement on any one or combination of components illustrated in the exemplary embodiment of computer system (1300).
计算机系统(1300)可以包括某些人机界面输入设备。所述人机界面输入设备可以通过触觉输入(如：键盘输入、滑动、数据手套移动)、音频输入(如：声音、掌声)、视觉输入(如：手势)、嗅觉输入(未示出)对一个或两个及两个以上人类用户的输入做出响应。所述人机界面设备还可用于捕捉不必直接与人类有意识输入相关的某些媒体，如音频(例如：语音、音乐、环境声音)、图像(例如：扫描图像、从静止影像相机获得的摄影图像)、视频(例如二维视频、包括立体视频的三维视频)。Computer system (1300) may include certain human-machine interface input devices. The human-machine interface input device can control input through tactile input (such as keyboard input, sliding, data glove movement), audio input (such as sound, applause), visual input (such as gesture), and olfactory input (not shown). Respond to input from one or two or more human users. The human interface device may also be used to capture certain media that does not necessarily relate directly to conscious human input, such as audio (e.g., speech, music, ambient sounds), images (e.g., scanned images, photographic images obtained from still image cameras) ), video (such as two-dimensional video, three-dimensional video including stereoscopic video).
人机界面输入设备可包括以下中的一个或两个及两个以上(仅描绘其中一个)：键盘(1301)、鼠标(1302)、触控板(1303)、触摸屏(1310)、数据手套(未示出)、操纵杆(1305)、麦克风(1306)、扫描仪(1307)、照相机(1308)。The human-machine interface input device may include one or two or more of the following (only one of which is depicted): keyboard (1301), mouse (1302), trackpad (1303), touch screen (1310), data glove ( (not shown), joystick (1305), microphone (1306), scanner (1307), camera (1308).
计算机系统(1300)还可以包括某些人机界面输出设备。所述人机界面输出设备可以通过例如触觉输出、声音、光和嗅觉/味觉来刺激一个或两个及两个以上人类用户的感觉。所述人机界面输出设备可包括触觉输出设备(例如通过触摸屏(1310)、数据手套(未示出)或操纵杆(1305)的触觉反馈，但也可有不是输入设备的触觉反馈设备)、音频输出设备(例如，扬声器(1309)、耳机(未示出))、视觉输出设备(例如，包括阴极射线管屏幕、液晶屏幕、等离子屏幕、有机发光二极管屏的屏幕(1310)，其中每个都有或没有触摸屏输入功能、触觉反馈功能——其中一些可通过如立体图片输出等手段输出二维视觉输出或三维以上的输出；虚拟现实眼镜(未示出)、全息显示器和放烟箱(未示出))以及打印机(未示出)。Computer system (1300) may also include certain human interface output devices. The human-machine interface output device can stimulate the senses of one or two or more human users through, for example, tactile output, sound, light, and smell/taste. The human interface output device may include a tactile output device (such as tactile feedback via a touch screen (1310), a data glove (not shown), or a joystick (1305), but there may also be tactile feedback devices that are not input devices), audio output devices (e.g., speakers (1309), headphones (not shown)), visual output devices (e.g., screens (1310) including cathode ray tube screens, liquid crystal screens, plasma screens, organic light emitting diode screens, where each There may or may not be touch screen input functions and tactile feedback functions - some of which can output two-dimensional visual output or more than three-dimensional output through means such as stereoscopic picture output; virtual reality glasses (not shown), holographic displays and smoke boxes ( (not shown)) and a printer (not shown).
计算机系统(1300)还可以包括人类可访问的存储设备及其相关联介质，如包括具有CD/DVD的CD/DVD ROM/RW(1320)等介质(1321)的光学介质、拇指驱动器(1322)、可移动硬盘驱动器或固态驱动器(1323)、如磁带和软盘(未示出)的传统磁介质、如安全软件保护器(未示出)等的基于ROM/ASIC/PLD的专用设备，等等。The computer system (1300) may also include human-accessible storage devices and their associated media, such as optical media including media (1321) such as CD/DVD ROM/RW (1320), thumb drives (1322) , removable hard drive or solid state drive (1323), traditional magnetic media such as tape and floppy disk (not shown), ROM/ASIC/PLD based special purpose devices such as secure software dongle (not shown), etc. .
本领域技术人员还应当理解，结合本申请的主题使用的术语“计算机可读介质”不包括传输介质、载波或其它瞬时信号。Those skilled in the art will also understand that the term "computer-readable medium" when used in connection with the subject matter of this application does not include transmission media, carrier waves, or other transient signals.
计算机系统(1300)还可以包括到一个或两个及两个以上通信网络的接口。例如，网络可以是无线的、有线的、光学的。网络还可为局域网、广域网、城域网、车载网络和工业网络、实时网络、延迟容忍网络等等。网络还包括以太网、无线局域网、蜂窝网络(GSM、3G、4G、5G、LTE等)等局域网、电视有线或无线广域数字网络(包括有线电视、卫星电视、和地面广播电视)、车载和工业网络(包括CANbus)等等。某些网络通常需要连接到某些通用数据端口或外围总线(1349)(例如，计算机系统(1300)的USB端口)的外部网络接口适配器；其它系统通常通过连接到如下所述的系统总线集成到计算机系统(1300)的内核(例如，以太网接口集成到PC计算机系统或蜂窝网络接口集成到智能电话计算机系统)。通过使用这些网络中的任何一个，计算机系统(1300)可以与其它实体进行通信。所述通信可以是单向的，仅用于接收(例如，无线电视)，单向的仅用于发送(例如CAN总线到某些CAN总线设备)，或双向的，例如通过局域或广域数字网络到其它计算机系统。上述的每个网络和网络接口可使用某些协议和协议栈。Computer system (1300) may also include interfaces to one or two or more communications networks. For example, the network can be wireless, wired, or optical. The network can also be a local area network, a wide area network, a metropolitan area network, a vehicle network and an industrial network, a real-time network, a delay-tolerant network, etc. Networks also include local area networks such as Ethernet, wireless LAN, cellular networks (GSM, 3G, 4G, 5G, LTE, etc.), TV wired or wireless wide-area digital networks (including cable TV, satellite TV, and terrestrial broadcast TV), vehicle and Industrial networks (including CANbus) and so on. Some networks typically require an external network interface adapter connected to some general-purpose data port or peripheral bus (1349) (e.g., a USB port of a computer system (1300)); other systems are typically integrated into the system by connecting to a system bus as described below. The core of a computer system (1300) (eg, an Ethernet interface integrated into a PC computer system or a cellular network interface integrated into a smartphone computer system). Computer system (1300) can communicate with other entities through the use of any of these networks. The communication may be one-way, for reception only (e.g., over-the-air television), one-way, only for sending (e.g., CAN bus to some CAN bus device), or bidirectional, such as via local or wide area Digital networks to other computer systems. Each of the networks and network interfaces described above may use certain protocols and protocol stacks.
前述的人机界面设备、人类可访问存储设备和网络接口可以连接到计算机系统(1300)的内核(1340)。The aforementioned human interface devices, human-accessible storage devices, and network interfaces may be connected to the kernel (1340) of the computer system (1300).
内核(1340)可包括一个或两个及两个以上中央处理单元(CPU)(1341)、图形处理单元(GPU)(1342)、以现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)(1343)形式存在的专用可编程处理单元、用于特定任务的硬件加速器(1344)等。上述设备以及只读存储器(ROM)(1345)、随机存取存储器(1346)、内部大容量存储器(例如内部非用户可存取硬盘驱动器、SSD等)(1347)等可通过系统总线(1348)进行连接。在某些计算机系统中，可以以一个或两个及两个以上物理插头的形式访问系统总线(1348)，以便通过额外的中央处理单元、图形处理单元等进行扩展。外围装置可直接附接到内核的系统总线(1348)，或通过外围总线(1349)进行连接。外围总线的体系结构包括外部控制器接口PCI、通用串行总线USB等。The core (1340) may include one or two or more central processing units (CPUs) (1341), graphics processing units (GPUs) (1342), dedicated Programmable processing units, hardware accelerators (1344) for specific tasks, etc. The above devices, as well as read-only memory (ROM) (1345), random access memory (1346), internal mass storage (e.g., internal non-user-accessible hard drive, SSD, etc.) (1347), etc., can be accessed via the system bus (1348) Make a connection. In some computer systems, the system bus (1348) may be accessed in the form of one or two or more physical plugs for expansion with additional central processing units, graphics processing units, etc. Peripherals may be attached directly to the core's system bus (1348), or connected through the peripheral bus (1349). The architecture of the peripheral bus includes external controller interface PCI, universal serial bus USB, etc.
CPU(1341)、GPU(1342)、FPGA(1343)和加速器(1344)可以执行某些指令，这些指令组合起来可以构成上述计算机代码。该计算机代码可以存储在ROM(1345)或RAM(1346)中。过渡数据也可以存储在RAM(1346)中，而永久数据可以存储在例如内部大容量存储器(1347)中。通过使用高速缓存可实现对任何存储器设备的快速存储和检索，高速缓存可与一个或两个及两个以上CPU(1341)、GPU(1342)、大容量存储器(1347)、ROM(1345)、RAM(1346)等紧密关联。The CPU (1341), GPU (1342), FPGA (1343), and accelerator (1344) can execute certain instructions that, when combined, constitute the computer code described above. The computer code can be stored in ROM (1345) or RAM (1346). Transitional data may also be stored in RAM (1346), while permanent data may be stored, for example, in internal mass storage (1347). Fast storage and retrieval from any memory device can be achieved through the use of cache, which can be used with one or two or more CPUs (1341), GPUs (1342), mass storage (1347), ROM (1345), RAM(1346) and so on are closely related.
所述计算机可读介质上可具有用于执行各种计算机实现操作的计算机代码。介质和计算机代码可以是为本申请的目的而特别设计和构造的，也可以是计算机软件领域的技术人员所熟知和可用的介质和代码。The computer-readable medium may have thereon computer code for performing various computer-implemented operations. The media and computer code may be specially designed and constructed for the purposes of the present application, or they may be well known and available to those skilled in the computer software art.
作为示例而非限制，具有体系结构(1300)的计算机系统，特别是内核(1340)，可以作为处理器(包括CPU、GPU、FPGA、加速器等)提供功能，执行包含在一个或两个及两个以上有形的计算机可读介质中的软件。这种计算机可读介质可以是与如上所述的用户可访问的大容量存储器相关联的介质，以及具有非瞬时性质的内核(1340)的特定存储器，诸如内核内部大容量存储器(1347)或ROM(1345)。实现本申请的各种实施例的软件可以存储在这种设备中并且由内核(1340)执行。根据特定需要，计算机可读介质可包括一个或一个以上存储设备或芯片。该软件可以使得内核(1340)特别是其中的处理器(包括CPU、GPU、FPGA等)执行本文所述的特定过程或特定过程的特定部分，包括定义存储在RAM(1346)中的数据结构以及根据软件定义的过程来修改这种数据结构。另外或作为替代，计算机系统可以提供逻辑硬连线或以其他方式包含在电路(例如，加速器(1344))中的功能，该电路可以代替软件或与软件一起运行以执行本文所述的特定过程或特定过程的特定部分。在适当的情况下，对软件的引用可以包括逻辑，反之亦然。在适当的情况下，对计算机可读介质的引用可包括存储执行软件的电路(如集成电路(IC))，包含执行逻辑的电路，或两者兼备。本申请包括任何合适的硬件和软件组合。By way of example and not limitation, a computer system having an architecture (1300), specifically a core (1340), may provide functionality as a processor (including a CPU, GPU, FPGA, accelerator, etc.) Software in one or more tangible computer-readable media. Such computer-readable media may be media associated with user-accessible mass storage as described above, as well as specific memory of the kernel (1340) that is of a non-transitory nature, such as kernel internal mass memory (1347) or ROM (1345). Software implementing various embodiments of the present application may be stored in such a device and executed by the kernel (1340). The computer-readable medium may include one or more storage devices or chips, depending on particular needs. The software may cause the core (1340), particularly the processors therein (including CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs, etc.), to perform specific processes or specific portions of specific processes described herein, including defining data structures stored in RAM (1346) and This data structure is modified according to a software-defined process. Additionally or alternatively, a computer system may provide functionality hardwired in logic or otherwise embodied in circuitry (e.g., accelerator (1344)) that may operate in place of or in conjunction with software to perform the specific processes described herein or a specific part of a specific process. Where appropriate, references to software may include logic and vice versa. Where appropriate, references to computer-readable media may include circuitry (such as an integrated circuit (IC)) that stores execution software, circuitry that contains execution logic, or both. This application includes any suitable combination of hardware and software.
(1)一种解码器中的视频解码的方法，包括：对作为已编码视频序列的一部分的当前已编码图片中当前块的预测信息进行解码，所述预测信息指示当前块是否使用平面运动矢量预测模式，当前块被划分为两个及两个以上子块；响应于平面运动矢量预测模式的使用，确定当前块的右下(BR)角的至少一个时间运动矢量预测值(TMVP)候选值；以及根据BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个重构当前块。(1) A method of video decoding in a decoder, comprising: decoding prediction information of a current block in a currently coded picture that is part of a coded video sequence, the prediction information indicating whether the current block uses a planar motion vector Prediction mode, the current block is divided into two or more sub-blocks; in response to the use of the planar motion vector prediction mode, at least one temporal motion vector predictor (TMVP) candidate value of the lower right (BR) corner of the current block is determined ; and reconstruct the current block according to one of at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR angle.
(2)特征(1)的方法，其中当前块的参考图片在预测信息中用信号通知。(2) The method of feature (1), in which the reference picture of the current block is signaled in the prediction information.
(3)特征(2)的方法，响应于确定BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个的参考图片与当前块的参考图片不同，包括将BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个缩放到当前块的参考图片，其中根据BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的被缩放候选值来重构当前块。(3) The method of feature (2), in response to determining that the reference picture of the at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR angle is different from the reference picture of the current block, including scaling the one of the at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR angle to A reference picture of the current block, in which the current block is reconstructed based on a scaled candidate value of at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR corner.
(4)特征(2)的方法，其中预测信息包括BR角的运动矢量差(MVD)，并且该方法还包括基于BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个和BR角的MVD确定最终运动矢量。(4) The method of feature (2), wherein the prediction information includes a motion vector difference (MVD) of the BR angle, and the method further includes determining the final motion vector based on one of at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR angle and the MVD of the BR angle .
(5)特征(2)的方法，其中至少一个TMVP候选值包括基于参考图片中的共址块确定的TMVP候选值，参考图片中的共址块与当前已编码图片中BR角处的子块位于相同的位置。(5) The method of feature (2), wherein at least one TMVP candidate value includes a TMVP candidate value determined based on a co-located block in the reference picture and a sub-block at a BR corner in the current encoded picture Located in the same location.
(6)特征(5)的方法，其中BR角处的子块位于当前块的外部。(6) The method of feature (5), in which the sub-block at the BR corner is located outside the current block.
(7)特征(5)的方法，其中BR角处的子块在当前块的内部。(7) The method of feature (5), in which the sub-block at the BR corner is inside the current block.
(8)特征(2)的方法，其中BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值包括以下中的至少一个：位于当前块内部并与BR角相邻的第一子块以及位于当前块内部并与当前块的中心相邻的第二子块之一的TMVP候选值；当前块的左下(BL)相邻子块的TMVP候选值；以及当前块的右上(AR)相邻子块的TMVP候选值。(8) The method of feature (2), wherein at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR corner includes at least one of the following: a first sub-block located inside the current block and adjacent to the BR corner and a first sub-block located inside the current block and adjacent to the current block The TMVP candidate value of one of the centrally adjacent second sub-blocks; the TMVP candidate value of the lower left (BL) adjacent sub-block of the current block; and the TMVP candidate value of the upper right (AR) adjacent sub-block of the current block.
(9)特征(2)的方法，其中BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值包括取当前块的BL相邻子块和当前块的AR相邻子块的运动矢量的平均值的TMVP候选值。(9) The method of feature (2), wherein at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR corner includes a TMVP candidate value that takes an average of motion vectors of BL adjacent sub-blocks of the current block and AR adjacent sub-blocks of the current block.
(10)特征(2)的方法还包括基于以下中的至少一个从候选值列表中选择来自至少一个TMVP候选值的一个TMVP候选值：接收的索引、标识至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个的索引；预定的候选值顺序；和预先选择的TMVP候选值。(10) The method of feature (2) further comprising selecting one TMVP candidate value from the list of candidate values from the at least one TMVP candidate value based on at least one of the following: a received index, an index identifying one of the at least one TMVP candidate value ; a predetermined sequence of candidate values; and a pre-selected TMVP candidate value.
(11)特征(2)的方法还包括基于接收的索引和预定的候选值顺序从候选值列表中选择至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个，接收的索引标识至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个。(11) The method of feature (2) further includes selecting one of the at least one TMVP candidate value from the candidate value list based on a received index identifying one of the at least one TMVP candidate value and a predetermined sequence of candidate values.
(12)特征(2)的方法，其中重构包括根据BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个导出当前块中的每个子块的运动矢量预测值；以及根据当前块中每个子块的运动矢量预测值重构当前块。(12) The method of feature (2), wherein the reconstruction includes deriving a motion vector predictor of each sub-block in the current block based on one of at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR angle; and based on the motion of each sub-block in the current block Vector predictors reconstruct the current block.
(13)一种装置，包括：处理电路，被配置为对作为已编码视频序列的一部分的当前已编码图片中当前块的预测信息进行解码，预测信息指示当前块是否使用平面运动矢量预测模式，当前块被划分为两个及两个以上子块；响应于平面运动矢量预测模式的使用，确定当前块的右下(BR)角的至少一个TMVP候选值；以及根据BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个重构当前块。(13) An apparatus comprising: processing circuitry configured to decode prediction information for a current block in a currently encoded picture that is part of an encoded video sequence, the prediction information indicating whether the current block uses a planar motion vector prediction mode, The current block is divided into two or more sub-blocks; in response to using the planar motion vector prediction mode, determining at least one TMVP candidate value of a lower right (BR) corner of the current block; and at least one TMVP candidate value according to the BR corner One of the values reconstructs the current block.
(14)特征(13)的装置，其中在预测信息中用信号通知当前块的参考图片。(14) The apparatus of feature (13), wherein the reference picture of the current block is signaled in the prediction information.
(15)根据特征(14)的装置，其中响应于确定BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个的参考图片与当前块的参考图片不同，处理电路还被配置为将BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值之一缩放到当前块的参考图片，其中根据BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值中的被缩放候选值来重构当前块。(15) The apparatus according to feature (14), wherein in response to determining that a reference picture of one of the at least one TMVP candidate values of the BR angle is different from a reference picture of the current block, the processing circuit is further configured to change the at least one TMVP of the BR angle to One of the candidate values is scaled to a reference picture of the current block, wherein the current block is reconstructed based on the scaled candidate value in at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR corner.
(16)特征(14)的装置，其中预测信息包括BR角的运动矢量差(MVD)，并且处理电路还被配置为基于BR角落的至少一个TMVP候选值中的一个和BR角的MVD确定最终运动矢量。(16) The device of feature (14), wherein the prediction information includes a motion vector difference (MVD) of the BR corner, and the processing circuit is further configured to determine the final based on one of the at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR corner and the MVD of the BR corner. Motion vector.
(17)特征(14)的装置，其中至少一个TMVP候选值包括基于参考图片中的共址块确定的TMVP候选值，参考图片中的共址块与当前已编码图片中BR角处的子块位于相同的位置。(17) The apparatus of feature (14), wherein the at least one TMVP candidate value includes a TMVP candidate value determined based on a co-located block in the reference picture, the co-located block in the reference picture and the sub-block at the BR corner in the currently coded picture Located in the same location.
(18)特征(14)的装置，其中BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值包括以下中的至少一个：位于当前块内部并与BR角相邻的第一子块以及位于当前块内部并与当前块的中心相邻的第二子块之一的TMVP候选值；当前块的左下(BL)相邻子块的TMVP候选值；以及当前块的右上(AR)相邻子块的TMVP候选值。(18) The device of feature (14), wherein at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR corner includes at least one of the following: a first sub-block located inside the current block and adjacent to the BR corner and a first sub-block located inside the current block and adjacent to the current block. The TMVP candidate value of one of the centrally adjacent second sub-blocks; the TMVP candidate value of the lower left (BL) adjacent sub-block of the current block; and the TMVP candidate value of the upper right (AR) adjacent sub-block of the current block.
(19)特征(14)的装置，其中BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值包括取当前块的BL相邻子块和当前块的AR相邻子块的运动矢量的加权平均值的TMVP候选值。(19) The device of feature (14), wherein at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR corner includes a TMVP candidate value taking a weighted average of motion vectors of BL adjacent sub-blocks of the current block and AR adjacent sub-blocks of the current block.
(20)一种非暂时性计算机可读存储介质，存储有可由至少一个处理器执行的程序，以执行：解码作为已编码视频序列的一部分的当前已编码图片中当前块的预测信息，预测信息指示当前块是否使用平面运动矢量预测模式，当前块被划分为两个及两个以上子块；响应于平面运动矢量预测模式的使用，确定当前块的右下(BR)角的至少一个TMVP候选值；以及根据BR角的至少一个TMVP候选值之一来重构当前块。(20) A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program executable by at least one processor to perform: decoding prediction information for a current block in a currently encoded picture that is part of an encoded video sequence, the prediction information Indicate whether the current block uses planar motion vector prediction mode and the current block is divided into two or more sub-blocks; in response to the use of planar motion vector prediction mode, determine at least one TMVP candidate for the lower right (BR) corner of the current block value; and reconstruct the current block according to one of at least one TMVP candidate value of the BR corner.
附录A：首字母缩略词Appendix A: Acronyms
JEM：Joint Exploration Model联合开发模型JEM: Joint Exploration Model joint development model
VVC：Versatile Video Coding通用视频编码VVC: Versatile Video Coding Universal Video Coding
BMS：Benchmark Set基准集BMS: Benchmark Set benchmark set
MV：Motion Vector运动矢量MV: Motion Vector motion vector
HEVC：High Efficiency Video Coding高效视频编码HEVC: High Efficiency Video Coding
SEI：Supplementary Enhancement Information补充增强信息SEI: Supplementary Enhancement Information supplementary enhancement information
VUI：Video Usability Information视频可用性信息VUI: Video Usability InformationVideo availability information
GOP：Groups of Pictures图片组GOP: Groups of Pictures picture group
TU：Transform Unit变换单元TU: Transform Unit transformation unit
PU：Prediction Unit预测单元PU: Prediction Unit prediction unit
CTU：Coding Tree Unit编码树单元CTU: Coding Tree Unit coding tree unit
CTB：Coding Tree Block编码树块CTB: Coding Tree Block coding tree block
PB：Prediction Block预测块PB: Prediction Block prediction block
HRD：Hypothetical Reference Decoder假定参考解码器HRD: Hypothetical Reference Decoder assumes reference decoder
SNR：Signal Noise Ratio信噪比SNR: Signal Noise Ratio signal-to-noise ratio
CPU：Central Processing Unit中央处理单元CPU: Central Processing Unit central processing unit
GPU：Graphics Processing Unit图形处理单元GPU: Graphics Processing Unit graphics processing unit
CRT：Cathode Ray Tube阴极射线管CRT: Cathode Ray Tube cathode ray tube
LCD：Liquid-Crystal Display液晶显示器LCD: Liquid-Crystal Display
OLED：Organic Light-Emitting Diode有机发光二极管OLED: Organic Light-Emitting Diode organic light-emitting diode
CD：Compact Disc光碟CD: Compact Disc
DVD：Digital Video Disc数字视频盘DVD: Digital Video Disc digital video disk
ROM：Read-Only Memory只读存储器ROM: Read-Only Memory
RAM：Random Access Memory随机存取存储器RAM: Random Access Memory random access memory
ASIC：Application-Specific Integrated Circuit专用集成电路ASIC: Application-Specific Integrated Circuit
PLD：Programmable Logic Device可编程逻辑设备PLD: Programmable Logic Device programmable logic device
LAN：Local Area Network局域网LAN: Local Area Network LAN
GSM：Global System for Mobile communications全球移动通信系统GSM: Global System for Mobile communications Global System for Mobile Communications
LTE：Long-Term Evolution长期演进LTE: Long-Term Evolution
CAN总线：Controller Area Network Bus控制器局域网总线CAN bus: Controller Area Network Bus controller LAN bus
USB：Universal Serial Bus通用串行总线USB: Universal Serial Bus Universal Serial Bus
PCI：Peripheral Component Interconnect外部组件互联PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect external component interconnection
FPGA：Field Programmable Gate Areas现场可编程门区域FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Areas Field Programmable Gate Areas
SSD：Solid-state Drive固态驱动SSD: Solid-state Drive
IC：Integrated Circuit集成电路IC: Integrated Circuit
CU：Coding Unit编码单元CU: Coding Unit coding unit
虽然本申请已对两个及两个以上示例性实施例进行了描述，但实施例的各种变更、置换和各种替代属于本申请的范围内。因此应理解，本领域技术人员能够设计多种系统和方法，所述系统和方法虽然未在本文中明确示出或描述，但其体现了本申请的原则，因此属于本申请的精神和范围之内。Although this application has described two or more exemplary embodiments, various changes, permutations, and substitutions of the embodiments fall within the scope of this application. Therefore, it should be understood that those skilled in the art can design a variety of systems and methods that, although not explicitly shown or described herein, embody the principles of this application and therefore fall within the spirit and scope of this application. Inside.
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