CN111298261A - Tracheotomy sleeve - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域，公开了一种气管切开套管，其包括套管本体，所述套管本体沿轴线方向分别贯穿有冲洗管和呼吸导管，所述冲洗管位于所述呼吸导管的一侧，所述冲洗管沿所述套管本体的其径向方向设有传递管，所述传递管与所述冲洗管连通，所述传递管至少部分环绕在所述呼吸导管的外侧，且所述传递管的内侧与所述呼吸导管连通。本发明提供的气管切开套管结构简单，能多方位有效地清除粘附在气管切开套管内壁的异物。

The invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and discloses a tracheostomy cannula, which comprises a cannula body, and the cannula body is respectively pierced with a flushing tube and a breathing conduit along an axis direction, and the flushing tube is located in the breathing conduit On one side of the cannula body, the flushing tube is provided with a transfer tube along the radial direction of the sleeve body, the transfer tube communicates with the flushing tube, and the transfer tube at least partially surrounds the outside of the breathing conduit, And the inner side of the transfer tube is communicated with the breathing conduit. The tracheostomy cannula provided by the invention has a simple structure, and can effectively remove the foreign matter adhering to the inner wall of the tracheotomy cannula in multiple directions.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种气管切开套管A tracheostomy tube

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域，特别是涉及一种气管切开套管。The invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a tracheostomy cannula.

背景技术Background technique

目前，医院使用的气管切开套管的结构和公开号为CN101653635的人工气管切开套管一样，管体沿其轴线贯穿有一个供病人呼气和吸气的管道。长时间使用气管切开套管后，痰痂、气道分泌物、血液或气道黏膜脱落物等异物会粘附在管道内壁。当出现上述情况时，医护人员通常会采用吸痰或通过往气管切开套管的管口注射生理盐水冲洗的方法处理。At present, the structure of the tracheostomy cannula used in the hospital is the same as that of the artificial tracheotomy cannula with the publication number of CN101653635. The tube body runs through a pipeline for exhalation and inhalation of the patient along its axis. After using the tracheostomy tube for a long time, foreign bodies such as sputum, airway secretions, blood or airway mucosal exfoliation will adhere to the inner wall of the tube. When the above conditions occur, medical staff usually use sputum suction or irrigation through the injection of normal saline through the mouth of the tracheostomy cannula.

吸痰通常能清除部分新鲜粘附的痰痂、气道分泌物、血液或气道黏膜脱落物。但若医护人员没有及时吸出异物时，异物留置在气管切开套管内壁的时间过长，异物会比较紧密地粘附在套管内壁。医护人员难以通过吸痰的方式将异物吸出。若粘附的异物不能及时清除，随着使用时间的增加，异物的体积会不断增大，最终会出现管腔部分或全部堵塞的情况发生，患者通气会部分受阻，甚至窒息，严重时，危及患者生命等情况发生。Sputum suction can usually remove some freshly adhered sputum scabs, airway secretions, blood or airway mucosal exfoliation. However, if the medical staff fails to aspirate the foreign body in time, the foreign body remains on the inner wall of the tracheostomy cannula for too long, and the foreign body will adhere more closely to the inner wall of the cannula. It is difficult for medical staff to suck out the foreign body by suction. If the adhered foreign body cannot be removed in time, the volume of the foreign body will continue to increase with the increase of use time, and eventually the lumen will be partially or completely blocked, and the patient's ventilation will be partially blocked or even suffocated. the patient's life, etc.

为解决上述问题，医护人员通常采用在气管切开套管的管口注射生理盐水的冲洗方法。然而，这种冲洗方法存在弊端：往气管切开套管注入生理盐水时，生理盐水只会沿气管切开套管的某一内侧壁流下，不能润湿粘附在气管切开套管内壁不同位置的分泌物，不能多方位冲洗异物。若需要软化所有粘附在气管切开套管内壁不同位置的分泌物，就需要多次往气管切开套管的不同位置注入生理盐水，操作繁琐。In order to solve the above problems, medical staff usually use the flushing method of injecting physiological saline into the mouth of the tracheostomy cannula. However, this flushing method has drawbacks: when injecting physiological saline into the tracheostomy cannula, the saline will only flow down a certain inner wall of the tracheostomy cannula, and cannot wet and adhere to the inner wall of the tracheotomy cannula. The secretions at the location cannot be washed in multiple directions. If it is necessary to soften all the secretions adhering to different positions of the inner wall of the tracheostomy cannula, it is necessary to inject physiological saline into different positions of the tracheotomy cannula multiple times, which is a cumbersome operation.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的是：提供一种气管切开套管，其结构简单，能多方位有效地清除粘附在气管切开套管内壁的异物。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tracheostomy cannula, which has a simple structure and can effectively remove foreign bodies adhering to the inner wall of the tracheotomy cannula in multiple directions.

为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种气管切开套管，其包括套管本体，所述套管本体沿轴线方向分别贯穿有冲洗管和呼吸导管，所述冲洗管位于所述呼吸导管的一侧，所述冲洗管沿所述套管本体的其径向方向设有传递管，所述传递管与所述冲洗管连通，所述传递管至少部分环绕在所述呼吸导管的外侧，且所述传递管的内侧与所述呼吸导管连通。In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a tracheostomy cannula, which includes a cannula body, and the cannula body is respectively pierced with a flushing tube and a breathing catheter along the axis direction, and the flushing tube is located at the end of the breathing catheter. On one side, the flushing tube is provided with a transfer tube along its radial direction of the cannula body, the transfer tube communicates with the flushing tube, the transfer tube at least partially surrounds the outside of the breathing conduit, and The inner side of the transfer tube communicates with the breathing conduit.

作为优选方案，将所述传递管环绕所述呼吸导管的长度定义为a，将所述呼吸导管的周长定义为b，所述a的范围为a≥0.5b。As a preferred solution, the length of the transmission tube surrounding the breathing conduit is defined as a, the circumference of the breathing conduit is defined as b, and the range of a is a≥0.5b.

作为优选方案，所述传递管通过流水孔与所述呼吸导管连通。As a preferred solution, the transfer tube communicates with the breathing conduit through a water flow hole.

作为优选方案，所述流水孔的数量为两个以上，各所述流水孔沿所述呼吸导管的周向等间隔均匀分布。As a preferred solution, the number of the water flow holes is two or more, and the water flow holes are evenly distributed at equal intervals along the circumference of the breathing conduit.

作为优选方案，将所述流水孔的孔径定义为c，所述c的范围为0.4mm≤c≤0.5mm。As a preferred solution, the pore diameter of the flow hole is defined as c, and the range of c is 0.4mm≤c≤0.5mm.

作为优选方案，所述传递管的数量为两个以上，各所述传递管沿所述呼吸导管的轴向布置。As a preferred solution, the number of the transfer tubes is two or more, and each of the transfer tubes is arranged along the axial direction of the breathing conduit.

作为优选方案，所述套管本体的长度和所述呼吸导管的长度均长于所述冲洗管的长度。As a preferred solution, the length of the cannula body and the length of the breathing conduit are both longer than the length of the flushing tube.

作为优选方案，还包括固定翼，所述固定翼固定连接在所述套管本体的外侧。As a preferred solution, a fixed wing is also included, and the fixed wing is fixedly connected to the outer side of the casing body.

作为优选方案，所述套管本体的外侧设有气囊和气管，所述气囊通过所述气管与外界充气装置连接。As a preferred solution, an airbag and a trachea are provided on the outside of the sleeve body, and the airbag is connected to an external inflation device through the trachea.

作为优选方案，所述套管本体靠近所述气囊的一端端面为斜面，所述套筒本体的端面斜切角度为120°～145°。As a preferred solution, an end face of the sleeve body close to the airbag is an inclined surface, and the chamfered angle of the end face of the sleeve body is 120°˜145°.

本发明实施例提供的一种气管切开套管与现有技术相比，其有益效果在于：本发明实施例的气管切开套管上增加一条冲洗管，冲洗管通过传递管与呼吸导管连通。使用时，将吸痰管从呼吸导管伸入，往冲洗管注射少量生理盐水。由于传递管至少部分环绕在呼吸导管的外侧且与呼吸导管连通，使得位于冲洗管内的生理盐水能够从传递管的内侧的不同的位置冲出，气管切开套管内壁的多个位置都有生理盐水冲出，生理盐水能够冲洗粘附在呼吸导管内壁多个部位的分泌物，实现多方位、多角度地清洗异物。冲洗后的液体及脱落的分泌物、痰痂、血痂、气道黏膜脱落物等异物可通过吸痰管及时吸出。该气管切开套管结构简单，使用方便，不需要往冲洗管内多次反复注入生理盐水，降低了护理人员的劳动强度，而且冲洗效果较好，有效地提高了气道护理的质量。Compared with the prior art, the tracheostomy cannula provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the beneficial effect that a flushing tube is added to the tracheostomy cannula according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the flushing tube is communicated with the breathing conduit through a transfer tube . When in use, the suction tube is inserted from the breathing tube, and a small amount of normal saline is injected into the irrigation tube. Because the delivery tube at least partially surrounds the outside of the breathing tube and communicates with the breathing tube, so that the physiological saline in the irrigation tube can be flushed out from different positions on the inner side of the delivery tube, and multiple positions on the inner wall of the tracheostomy tube have physiological The saline can be flushed out, and the physiological saline can flush the secretions adhering to multiple parts of the inner wall of the breathing tube, so as to achieve multi-directional and multi-angle cleaning of foreign bodies. The liquid after washing, the exfoliated secretions, sputum scabs, blood scabs, airway mucosal exfoliation and other foreign bodies can be sucked out through the sputum suction tube in time. The tracheostomy cannula is simple in structure and convenient to use, and does not need to repeatedly inject physiological saline into the flushing tube, which reduces the labor intensity of nursing staff, and has better flushing effect, effectively improving the quality of airway care.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明实施例的气管切开套管的立体图；1 is a perspective view of a tracheostomy cannula according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图2是本发明实施例的气管切开套管的截面图；2 is a cross-sectional view of a tracheostomy cannula according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图3是本发明实施例的冲洗管和传递管的立体图。FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a flushing tube and a transfer tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图中，1、套管本体；2、呼吸导管；3、冲洗管；4、传递管；5、流水孔；6、固定翼；7、气囊；8、气管。In the figure, 1, the cannula body; 2, the breathing catheter; 3, the flushing tube; 4, the transfer tube; 5, the water flow hole; 6, the fixed wing;

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.

在本发明的描述中，应当理解的是，本发明中采用术语在本发明的描述中，应当理解的是，本发明中采用术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms used in the present invention The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have The particular orientation, construction and operation in the particular orientation are therefore not to be construed as limitations of the invention.

应当理解的是，本发明中采用术语“第一”、“第二”等来描述各种信息，但这些信息不应限于这些术语，这些术语仅用来将同一类型的信息彼此区分开。例如，在不脱离本发明范围的情况下，“第一”信息也可以被称为“第二”信息，类似的，“第二”信息也可以被称为“第一”信息。It should be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. are used in the present invention to describe various information, but these information should not be limited to these terms, which are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, "first" information may also be referred to as "second" information, and similarly, "second" information may also be referred to as "first" information, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between the two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

如图1至图3所示，本发明实施例优选实施例的一种气管切开套管，其包括套管本体1，套管本体1沿轴线方向分别贯穿有冲洗管3和呼吸导管2，冲洗管3位于呼吸导管2的一侧，冲洗管3沿其径向设有传递管4，传递管4的一端与冲洗管3连通，传递管4至少部分环绕在呼吸导管2的外侧，且传递管4的内侧且与呼吸导管2连通。As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 , a tracheostomy cannula according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes acannula body 1, and thecannula body 1 has aflushing tube 3 and abreathing tube 2 respectively passing through it along the axis direction, Theflushing tube 3 is located on one side of thebreathing conduit 2, and theflushing tube 3 is provided with a transfer tube 4 along its radial direction. One end of the transfer tube 4 is communicated with theflushing tube 3. The inside of the tube 4 is in communication with the breathingconduit 2 .

基于上述技术方案，呼吸导管2与现有的气管切开套管的管道功能相同，均用于供患者呼气和吸气所用，痰液等异物容易粘附在呼吸导管2的内壁。本发明提供的气管切开套管在常规的气管切开套管上加设一条冲洗管3，供医护人员注射生理盐水。冲洗管3通过传递管4与呼吸导管2连通。由于传递管4至少部分甚至全部环绕在呼吸导管2的外周，使得生理盐水可以从冲洗管3的不同位置流淌下来，能够从多方位流入呼吸导管2中，软化粘附在呼吸导管内壁不同位置的分泌物。使用时，一个医护人员将连通负压装置的吸痰管插入呼吸导管2中。另一个医护人员将生理盐水从冲洗管3管口注入，受气管切开套管插入人体的位置和角度影响，生理盐水会受自身重力影响经传递管4，流到呼吸导管2中，并沿呼吸导管2的内壁流出，冲洗并软化异物。当生理盐水和软化的异物流到呼吸导管2的底部时，医护人员利用吸痰管立即将生理盐水和异物吸出，达到清除异物的效果，操作简单，不需要反复注入生理盐水，降低了医护人员的劳动强度。该气管切开套管的结构简单，可满足气道分泌物多，气道出血或气道黏膜脱落、气道湿化条件不足的患者的使用需求。Based on the above technical solution, thebreathing catheter 2 has the same function as the existing tracheostomy cannula, and both are used for exhalation and inhalation of the patient, and foreign bodies such as sputum are easily adhered to the inner wall of thebreathing catheter 2 . The tracheotomy cannula provided by the present invention is provided with aflushing tube 3 on the conventional tracheotomy cannula for the medical staff to inject physiological saline. Theflushing tube 3 communicates with thebreathing tube 2 through the transfer tube 4 . Because the transfer tube 4 at least partially or even completely surrounds the outer circumference of thebreathing tube 2, the physiological saline can flow down from different positions of theflushing tube 3, and can flow into thebreathing tube 2 from multiple directions, softening and adhering to different positions of the inner wall of the breathing tube. secretions. When in use, a medical staff inserts the suction tube connected to the negative pressure device into thebreathing tube 2 . Another medical staff injects the normal saline from the mouth of theflushing tube 3, which is affected by the position and angle of the tracheostomy cannula inserted into the human body. The normal saline will flow into thebreathing tube 2 through the transfer tube 4 under the influence of its own gravity, and flow along thebreathing tube 2. The inner wall of thebreathing tube 2 flows out, flushing and softening the foreign body. When the normal saline and softened foreign matter flow to the bottom of thebreathing tube 2, the medical staff uses the sputum suction tube to immediately suck out the normal saline and the foreign body, so as to achieve the effect of removing the foreign body. labor intensity. The tracheostomy cannula has a simple structure, and can meet the needs of patients with a large amount of airway secretions, airway bleeding or airway mucosal detachment, and insufficient airway humidification conditions.

呼吸导管2的横截面形状与现有的气管切开套管的横截面形状相同，均为圆形。优选地，将传递管4环绕呼吸导管2的长度定义为a，将呼吸导管2的外周长定义为b，a的范围为a≥0.5b。也就是说，传递管4的长度是呼吸导管2的外周长的一半以上，传递管2的横截面形状应该是半圆形或弧度大于180°的圆弧形或圆形。当a≥0.5b时，能够保证生理盐水能冲洗粘附在呼吸导管2内壁的大部分异物。在生产这种气管切开套管时，传递管4的环绕位置和环绕比例可以根据实际需要调整。在本实施例中，传递管4的形状呈环状，传递管4整体环绕在呼吸导管2的外侧，有利于多方位冲洗呼吸导管。The cross-sectional shape of thebreathing catheter 2 is the same as that of the existing tracheostomy cannula, and both are circular. Preferably, the length of the delivery tube 4 surrounding thebreathing conduit 2 is defined as a, the outer circumference of thebreathing conduit 2 is defined as b, and the range of a is a≥0.5b. That is, the length of the transfer tube 4 is more than half of the outer circumference of thebreathing tube 2, and the cross-sectional shape of thetransfer tube 2 should be a semicircle or an arc or circle with an arc greater than 180°. When a≥0.5b, it can be ensured that the physiological saline can flush most of the foreign objects adhering to the inner wall of thebreathing tube 2 . When producing such a tracheostomy cannula, the surrounding position and surrounding ratio of the transfer tube 4 can be adjusted according to actual needs. In the present embodiment, the shape of the transfer tube 4 is annular, and the transfer tube 4 surrounds the outer side of thebreathing conduit 2 as a whole, which is conducive to flushing the breathing conduit in multiple directions.

另外，冲洗管3为圆管。在本实施例中，冲洗管3的上端伸出于套管本体1外，冲洗管3伸出于套管本体1的部分的内径为0.8mm～1.0mm，外径为1.3mm～1.5mm。位于套管本体1内部的冲洗管3部分的内径为0.4mm～0.5mm。In addition, theflushing pipe 3 is a round pipe. In this embodiment, the upper end of theflushing tube 3 protrudes out of thecasing body 1 , the inner diameter of the portion of theflushing tube 3 extending from thecasing body 1 is 0.8mm-1.0mm, and the outer diameter is 1.3mm-1.5mm. The inner diameter of the portion of theflushing tube 3 inside thecannula body 1 is 0.4 mm to 0.5 mm.

具体地，传递管4通过流水孔5与呼吸导管2连通。流水孔5位于传递管4的内侧，流水孔5位于呼吸导管2的外侧，能实现传递管4与呼吸导管2的连通。往冲洗管3管口注入生理盐水后，生理盐水沿冲洗管3经过流水孔5，流入呼吸导管2的内壁，以冲洗和软化异物。流水孔5的数量为两个以上，各流水孔5均匀分布在传递管4和呼吸导管2上，有利于生理盐水沿呼吸导管2的内壁各侧冲出，达到均匀冲洗呼吸导管2各侧异物的效果。在本实施例中，流水孔5的数量为三个，各流水孔5沿呼吸导管2的周向等间隔均匀分布，即各流水孔5以呼吸导管2的中心为圆心，相隔120°间隔分布，可以从不同角度冲洗呼吸导管2的内壁，增加了清除不同位置异物的几率。流水孔5的形状均为圆形。将流水孔5的孔径定义为c，c的范围为0.4mm≤c≤0.5mm。流水孔5的孔径较小，当往冲洗管3注水后，会有较大压强的水从流水孔5冲出，可有效松动粘附在呼吸导管2内壁的痰痂和血痂等异物。使用现有的气管切开套管时，往气管切开套管中注入生理盐水，由于生理盐水直接从气管切开套管的上端流入，下端流出，流过的路径较短，生理盐水很快就流入患者肺部深处，容易导致患者呛咳，剧烈咳嗽，血氧饱和度急剧下降，血压升高等并发问题出现。本发明提供的气管切开套管先利用冲洗管3、传递管4等管道延长生理盐水的路径，再通过开设较小孔径的流水孔5，延长水流的流淌时间，为医护人员使用吸痰管将异物和生理盐水吸出的动作提供更多的操作时间，避免吸痰不及时的意外发生，降低生理盐水流入肺部深处的风险。Specifically, the transfer tube 4 communicates with thebreathing conduit 2 through thewater flow hole 5 . Thewater flow hole 5 is located on the inner side of the transfer pipe 4 , and thewater flow hole 5 is located on the outside of thebreathing conduit 2 , which can realize the communication between the transfer pipe 4 and thebreathing conduit 2 . After injecting physiological saline into the nozzle of theflushing tube 3, the physiological saline flows through thewater hole 5 along the flushingtube 3 and flows into the inner wall of thebreathing tube 2 to flush and soften the foreign body. The number of water flow holes 5 is more than two, and eachwater flow hole 5 is evenly distributed on the transfer tube 4 and thebreathing conduit 2, which is conducive to the flushing of physiological saline along the inner wall of thebreathing conduit 2 on each side, and achieves uniform flushing of foreign objects on each side of thebreathing conduit 2. Effect. In this embodiment, the number of the water flow holes 5 is three, and thewater flow holes 5 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of thebreathing conduit 2 at equal intervals, that is, thewater flow holes 5 take the center of thebreathing conduit 2 as the center of the circle and are distributed at intervals of 120° , the inner wall of thebreathing tube 2 can be flushed from different angles, which increases the probability of removing foreign bodies in different positions. The shapes of thewater flow holes 5 are all circular. The diameter of thewater flow hole 5 is defined as c, and the range of c is 0.4mm≤c≤0.5mm. The diameter of thewater flow hole 5 is small. When water is injected into the flushingtube 3, water with a relatively high pressure will be flushed out from thewater flow hole 5, which can effectively loosen the foreign bodies such as phlegm and blood scab adhering to the inner wall of thebreathing tube 2. When using the existing tracheostomy cannula, inject normal saline into the tracheostomy cannula. Since the normal saline flows directly from the upper end of the tracheostomy cannula and flows out from the lower end, the flow path is short, and the normal saline solution is very fast. It flows deep into the patient's lungs, which can easily lead to choking, severe coughing, a sharp drop in blood oxygen saturation, and increased blood pressure. The tracheostomy cannula provided by the present invention first uses theirrigation tube 3, the transfer tube 4 and other pipes to extend the path of the physiological saline, and then opens thewater flow hole 5 with a smaller diameter to prolong the flow time of the water flow, and use a sputum suction tube for medical staff The action of sucking out the foreign body and the normal saline provides more operation time, avoids the accidental occurrence of untimely suction, and reduces the risk of the normal saline flowing into the deep lungs.

其中，为了达到更好的清洗效果，传递管4的数量为两个以上，各传递管4沿呼吸导管2的轴向上下布置。在本实施例中，传递管4的数量为三个或四个。生理盐水从冲洗管3流入后，一部分流到第一个传递管4中，从第一个传递管4的流水孔5流出，另一部分的盐水继续在冲洗管3中流动，直至流到下一个传递管4中。设置多个传递管4有利于充分从多角度多方位大冲击力冲洗呼吸导管内壁。Wherein, in order to achieve a better cleaning effect, the number of transfer pipes 4 is more than two, and each transfer pipe 4 is arranged up and down along the axial direction of thebreathing conduit 2 . In this embodiment, the number of transfer pipes 4 is three or four. After the normal saline flows in from the flushingtube 3, a part flows into the first transfer tube 4 and flows out from thewater flow hole 5 of the first transfer tube 4, and the other part of the saline continues to flow in theflushing tube 3 until it flows to the next one. Transfer tube 4. The arrangement of multiple transfer tubes 4 is conducive to fully flushing the inner wall of the breathing conduit from multiple angles and multiple directions with a large impact force.

进一步地，套管本体1的长度和呼吸导管2的长度均长于冲洗管3的长度，能保障冲洗液被吸痰管有效吸出。将注入生理盐水的一端定义为套管本体1的第一端，另一端定义为第二端。呼吸导管2的一端端口与第一端端面齐平，呼吸导管2的另一端端口与第二端端面齐平，尽可能地节约制造气管切开套管的原材料。吸痰管插入至距离套管本体的第二端部的上方1cm～1.5cm，可以更有效吸痰，避免损伤气管黏膜。Further, the length of thecannula body 1 and the length of thebreathing conduit 2 are both longer than the length of theflushing tube 3, which can ensure that the flushing liquid is effectively sucked out by the sputum suction tube. One end injected with physiological saline is defined as the first end of thecannula body 1, and the other end is defined as the second end. One end port of thebreathing tube 2 is flush with the first end face, and the other end port of thebreathing tube 2 is flush with the second end face, so as to save the raw materials for manufacturing the tracheostomy tube as much as possible. The sputum suction tube is inserted 1 cm to 1.5 cm above the second end of the cannula body, which can more effectively suck sputum and avoid damage to the tracheal mucosa.

此外，该气管切开套管还包括固定翼6，固定翼6固定连接在套管本体1的外侧。套筒本体的外侧设有气囊7和气管8，气囊7通过气管8与外界充气装置连接。气管8连接在套管本体1的外侧，其一端伸出于固定翼6的上方，另一端与气囊7连通。使用时，通过气管8往气囊7中充气，气囊7膨胀，抵接在人体气管中，有利于气管切开套管的位置固定。In addition, the tracheostomy cannula further includes a fixed wing 6 , and the fixed wing 6 is fixedly connected to the outside of thecannula body 1 . The outer side of the sleeve body is provided with anair bag 7 and atrachea 8 , and theair bag 7 is connected to an external inflation device through thetrachea 8 . Thetrachea 8 is connected to the outside of thecannula body 1 , one end of which protrudes above the fixed wing 6 , and the other end communicates with theair bag 7 . When in use, theairbag 7 is inflated through thetrachea 8, theairbag 7 is inflated, and abuts against the trachea of the human body, which is beneficial to fix the position of the tracheostomy cannula.

更佳地，套管本体1靠近气囊7的一端端面为斜面，套筒本体1的端面的斜切角度为120°～145°。由于呼吸导管2的端面与套管本体1的端面齐平，所以呼吸导管2靠近气囊7的一端端面也是斜面。若呼吸导管2的端面设计为直切面，痰痂或血痂或脱落的气道黏膜等异物容易堆积在管口，引起堵塞或造成活瓣，影响通气。将呼吸导管2的端面设计为斜面，能增大管口的面积，减少分泌物或痰痂或血痂堵塞在呼吸导管2管口的几率；并且当吸痰管垂直方向负压吸痰时，会对异物形成一种剪切力，导致异物变形，更容易被吸入吸痰管中。More preferably, one end face of thesleeve body 1 close to theairbag 7 is a chamfered surface, and the chamfered angle of the end face of thesleeve body 1 is 120°˜145°. Since the end face of thebreathing tube 2 is flush with the end face of thecannula body 1 , the end face of the end face of thebreathing tube 2 close to theballoon 7 is also an inclined surface. If the end face of thebreathing tube 2 is designed as a straight section, foreign bodies such as sputum or blood scabs or detached airway mucosa are likely to accumulate on the mouth of the tube, causing blockage or a valve, which affects ventilation. The end face of thebreathing tube 2 is designed as an inclined plane, which can increase the area of the nozzle and reduce the probability that secretions, sputum scabs or blood scabs block the nozzle of thebreathing tube 2; and when the suction tube is vertically negative pressure suction, A shear force will be formed on the foreign body, causing the foreign body to deform and be more easily sucked into the suction tube.

本发明的工作过程为：往气囊7充气，以固定套管本体1在人体中的位置。需要吸痰时，两个医护人员配合工作。其中一个医护人员将吸痰管与负压装置连接，并将吸痰管插入呼吸导管2，并伸到呼吸导管2末端以上1cm～1.5cm处，以免负压损伤气道黏膜。另一个医护人员往冲洗管3的管口处注射生理盐水。一部分的生理盐水经过传递管4从流水孔5流到呼吸导管2的内壁，冲洗并软化附着在呼吸导管2内壁上的异物，并带动异物随生理盐水沿呼吸导管2内壁流下。另一部分生理盐水继续沿冲洗管3流到位于该传递管4下方的另一传递管4中，从另一传递管4的流水孔5流到呼吸导管2的内壁。医护人员用吸痰管将生理盐水和异物及时吸出即可。医护人员使用该发明提供的气管切开套管，能多方位、大压强地冲洗异物，操作方便。The working process of the present invention is as follows: inflate theair bag 7 to fix the position of thesleeve body 1 in the human body. When sputum suction is required, two medical staff work together. One of the medical staff connected the suction tube to the negative pressure device, inserted the suction tube into thebreathing tube 2, and extended it to 1 cm to 1.5 cm above the end of thebreathing tube 2 to avoid negative pressure damage to the airway mucosa. Another medical staff injects physiological saline into the mouth of theflushing tube 3 . A part of the physiological saline flows from thewater hole 5 to the inner wall of thebreathing tube 2 through the transfer tube 4, washes and softens the foreign matter attached to the inner wall of thebreathing tube 2, and drives the foreign matter to flow down along the inner wall of thebreathing tube 2 with the physiological saline. Another part of the normal saline continues to flow along the flushingtube 3 to another transfer tube 4 located below the transfer tube 4 , and flows from thewater flow hole 5 of the other transfer tube 4 to the inner wall of thebreathing tube 2 . The medical staff can use a sputum suction tube to suck out the normal saline and foreign bodies in time. Using the tracheostomy cannula provided by the invention, medical staff can wash foreign bodies in multiple directions and with high pressure, and the operation is convenient.

综上，本发明实施例提供一种气管切开套管，其增加一条冲洗管，冲洗管通过传递管与呼吸导管连通。使用时，将吸痰管从呼吸导管伸入，往冲洗管注射少量生理盐水。由于传递管至少部分环绕在呼吸导管的外侧且与呼吸导管连通，使得位于冲洗管内的生理盐水能够从传递管的内侧的不同的位置流下，气管切开套管内壁的多个位置都有生理盐水流过，生理盐水能够冲洗粘附在呼吸导管内壁多个部位的分泌物，实现多方位、多角度地清洗异物。冲洗后的液体及脱落的分泌物、痰痂、血痂、气道黏膜脱落物等异物可通过吸痰管及时吸出。该气管切开套管结构简单，使用方便，不需要往冲洗管内多次反复注入生理盐水，降低了护理人员的劳动强度，而且冲洗效果较好，有效地提高了气道护理的质量。以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和替换，这些改进和替换也应视为本发明的保护范围。To sum up, the embodiment of the present invention provides a tracheostomy cannula, which adds a flushing tube, and the flushing tube communicates with the breathing conduit through the transfer tube. When in use, the suction tube is inserted from the breathing tube, and a small amount of normal saline is injected into the irrigation tube. Since the delivery tube at least partially surrounds the outside of the breathing tube and communicates with the breathing tube, the normal saline in the flushing tube can flow down from different positions on the inner side of the delivery tube, and the inner wall of the tracheostomy cannula has physiological saline at multiple locations Flowing through, the saline can flush the secretions adhering to multiple parts of the inner wall of the breathing tube, and achieve multi-directional and multi-angle cleaning of foreign bodies. The liquid after washing, the exfoliated secretions, sputum scabs, blood scabs, airway mucosal exfoliation and other foreign bodies can be sucked out through the sputum suction tube in time. The tracheostomy cannula is simple in structure and convenient to use, and does not need to repeatedly inject physiological saline into the flushing tube, which reduces the labor intensity of nursing staff, and has better flushing effect, effectively improving the quality of airway care. The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and replacements can be made. These improvements and replacements It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种气管切开套管，其特征在于，包括套管本体，所述套管本体沿轴线方向分别贯穿有冲洗管和呼吸导管，所述冲洗管沿其径向方向设有传递管，所述传递管与所述冲洗管连通，所述传递管至少部分环绕所述呼吸导管的外侧，且所述传递管的内侧与所述呼吸导管连通。1. a tracheostomy cannula is characterized in that, comprises a cannula body, and the cannula body is respectively provided with a flushing tube and a breathing conduit along the axial direction, and the flushing tube is provided with a transfer tube along its radial direction, The transfer tube communicates with the flush tube, the transfer tube at least partially surrounds the outside of the breathing conduit, and the inside of the transfer tube communicates with the breathing conduit.2.如权利要求1所述的气管切开套管，其特征在于，将所述传递管环绕所述呼吸导管的长度定义为a，将所述呼吸导管的周长定义为b，所述a的范围为a≥0.5b。2. The tracheostomy cannula of claim 1, wherein the length of the delivery tube surrounding the breathing conduit is defined as a, the circumference of the breathing conduit is defined as b, and the a The range of a ≥ 0.5b.3.如权利要求1所述的气管切开套管，其特征在于，所述传递管通过流水孔与所述呼吸导管连通。3. The tracheostomy cannula of claim 1, wherein the delivery tube communicates with the breathing conduit through a water flow hole.4.如权利要求3所述的气管切开套管，其特征在于，所述流水孔的数量为两个以上，各所述流水孔沿所述呼吸导管的周向等间隔均匀分布。4 . The tracheostomy cannula according to claim 3 , wherein the number of the water flow holes is two or more, and the water flow holes are evenly distributed at equal intervals along the circumference of the breathing conduit. 5 .5.如权利要求3所述的气管切开套管，其特征在于，将所述流水孔的孔径定义为c，所述c的范围为0.4mm≤c≤0.5mm。5 . The tracheostomy cannula according to claim 3 , wherein the diameter of the water flow hole is defined as c, and the range of c is 0.4mm≦c≦0.5mm. 6 .6.如权利要求1所述的气管切开套管，其特征在于，所述传递管的数量为两个以上，各所述传递管沿所述呼吸导管的轴向布置。6 . The tracheostomy cannula of claim 1 , wherein the number of the delivery tubes is two or more, and each delivery tube is arranged along the axial direction of the breathing catheter. 7 .7.如权利要求1所述的气管切开套管，其特征在于，所述套管本体的长度和所述呼吸导管的长度均长于所述冲洗管的长度。7. The tracheostomy cannula of claim 1, wherein the length of the cannula body and the length of the breathing conduit are both longer than the length of the irrigation tube.8.如权利要求1－7任一项所述的气管切开套管，其特征在于，还包括固定翼，所述固定翼固定连接在所述套管本体的外侧。8. The tracheostomy cannula according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a fixed wing fixedly connected to the outside of the cannula body.9.如权利要求1－7任一项所述的气管切开套管，其特征在于，所述套管本体的外侧设有气囊和气管，所述气囊通过所述气管与外界充气装置连接。9 . The tracheostomy cannula according to claim 1 , wherein an airbag and a trachea are provided on the outside of the cannula body, and the airbag is connected to an external inflation device through the trachea. 10 .10.如权利要求9所述的气管切开套管，其特征在于，所述套管本体靠近所述气囊的一端端面为斜面，所述套筒本体的端面斜切角度为120°～145°。10 . The tracheostomy cannula according to claim 9 , wherein an end face of the cannula body close to the air bag is inclined, and the chamfer angle of the end face of the sleeve body is 120° to 145°. 11 . .

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