CN111281578A - Design method and preparation method of tooth appliance and tooth appliance system - Google Patents
Design method and preparation method of tooth appliance and tooth appliance systemDownload PDFInfo
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- A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
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- A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域，尤其涉及一种牙齿矫治器的设计方法及制备方法、牙齿矫治系统。The invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a design method and preparation method of a dental appliance, and a dental appliance system.
背景技术Background technique
牙颌畸形是口腔三大疾病之一，有很高的患病率。多数牙颌畸形是在生长发育过程中，由先天的遗传因素或后天的环境因素引起的畸形现象，牙颌畸形对口腔局部甚至全身带来极大的危害，例如影响颌面的发育、影响口腔健康、影响口腔功能、影响容貌外观等，目前患者主要通过外科手术或者佩戴矫治器对牙颌畸形进行矫治。Dental malformation is one of the three major diseases of the oral cavity, with a high prevalence rate. Most dentofacial deformities are deformities caused by congenital genetic factors or acquired environmental factors in the process of growth and development. Dental and jaw deformities bring great harm to the oral cavity and even the whole body, such as affecting the development of the maxillofacial region and affecting the oral cavity. Health, oral function, and appearance are affected. Currently, patients mainly correct dental and jaw deformities through surgical operations or wearing appliances.
近年来，隐形牙齿矫治器由于其佩戴舒适可摘戴，并且美观，被越来越多的人选择。正畸矫治过程中，任何施于施治牙使其移动的力必然同时产生一个方向相反、大小相同的力，而支持这种移动矫正牙体引起的反作用力的情况称作“支抗”。实际上支抗是一个提供产生牙齿矫治力的基础。一般在正畸治疗中，支抗部分主要是由非矫治牙组成，腭部及牙槽也可作为支抗部分。支抗部分的牙齿受到矫治力所产生相反方向力即支抗力的作用。目前在隐形矫治过程中，支抗控制多采用增加支抗牙数目、备抗、颌间牵引以及种植支抗的方式。但是上述控制方式存在以下问题：增加支抗牙数目只能适用于少数病例；备抗的方式对于支抗不足时增加支抗单位很难精确控制，进而造成矫治结果的不确定性；钩挂颌间牵引的方式因为同时有上颌(或下颌)内收及下颌(或上颌)前导的作用，所以使用时会有一些副作用；种植支抗需要对患者口内进行种植的损伤，一些患者不接受，并且操作上对医生要求比较高；因此上述控制方式在个性化矫治过程中均存在一些问题。而在固定矫治中，常用的支抗控制方式中除了种植支抗，还有采用在口内增加横腭杆(trans-palate anchorage，简称TPA)和Nance弓两种装置的方式，虽然其加强支抗作用很好但因为要跟磨牙固定在一起，影响进食和口腔卫生，患者体感较差。In recent years, invisible aligners have been chosen by more and more people because of their comfortable wearing, removable and beautiful appearance. In the process of orthodontic treatment, any force applied to the tooth to move it must produce a force in the opposite direction and the same magnitude at the same time, and the situation that supports the reaction force caused by the movement of the tooth is called "anchorage". In fact anchorage is a foundation that provides the force that produces orthodontic treatment. Generally, in orthodontic treatment, the anchorage part is mainly composed of non-orthodontic teeth, and the palate and alveolar can also be used as anchorage parts. The teeth of the anchoring part are subjected to the opposite direction force generated by the orthodontic force, that is, the anchoring force. At present, in the process of invisible orthodontic treatment, anchorage control mostly adopts the methods of increasing the number of anchorage teeth, preparation, intermaxillary traction and implant anchorage. However, the above control methods have the following problems: increasing the number of anchoring teeth can only be applied to a few cases; the method of preparing anchorage is difficult to accurately control the addition of anchorage units when the anchorage is insufficient, thus causing the uncertainty of the orthodontic results; The inter-implant traction method has some side effects because it has the functions of maxillary (or mandibular) adducting and mandibular (or maxillary) leading at the same time; the implant anchorage requires the implantation of the patient's mouth, and some patients do not accept it, and The operation requirements for doctors are relatively high; therefore, the above-mentioned control methods all have some problems in the process of personalized correction. In the fixed orthodontic treatment, in addition to the implant anchorage, the commonly used anchorage control methods include adding two devices, the trans-palate anchorage (TPA) and the Nance arch, in the mouth. It works very well, but because it needs to be fixed with the molars, it affects eating and oral hygiene, and the patient feels poor.
因此，研究如何设计隐性矫治器结构使其结构能够在隐形矫治过程中对支抗进行有效控制具有重要的意义。Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to design the structure of the invisible appliance so that the structure can effectively control the anchorage during the invisible orthodontic treatment.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明提供了解决上述问题的牙齿矫治器的设计方法及制备方法，由该设计方法及制备方法得到的牙齿矫治器佩戴在上颌牙齿上进行后牙远移时能够增加前牙支抗，防止前牙区的牙齿向唇侧倾斜。The present invention provides a design method and a preparation method of a dental appliance to solve the above-mentioned problems. The dental appliance obtained by the design method and the preparation method can increase the anchorage of the anterior teeth when it is worn on the maxillary teeth and the posterior teeth are displaced, and prevent the anterior teeth from being displaced. Teeth in the dental area are inclined to the labial side.
本发明还提供了解决上述问题的牙齿矫治系统，牙齿矫治系统中的辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器能够在后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动到矫治目标位且防止前牙区的牙齿向唇侧倾斜后，再利用保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器，使得左右两侧的后牙区作为前牙内收时的整体支抗，防止后牙区牙齿向近中方向移动。The present invention also provides an orthodontic system to solve the above problems. The orthodontic appliance for assisting the distal movement of the posterior teeth in the orthodontic system can move the posterior teeth distally to the orthodontic target position and prevent the anterior teeth from moving to the distal direction. After the teeth in the dental area are inclined to the labial side, the appliance is used to keep the relative position of the teeth in the posterior area unchanged, so that the posterior areas on the left and right sides are used as the overall anchorage when the anterior teeth are retracted, preventing the teeth in the posterior area. Move toward the center.
本发明采用以下技术方案实现：The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to realize:
一种牙齿矫治器的设计方法，包括：A method of designing a dental appliance, comprising:
获取数字化牙颌模型：获取一数字化牙颌模型，所述数字化牙颌模型包括数字化牙颌模型本体及数字化上腭部；Obtaining a digital dental and jaw model: acquiring a digital dental and jaw model, the digital dental and jaw model includes a digital dental and jaw model body and a digital upper palate;
设计牙齿矫治器主体：基于所述数字化牙颌模型设计具有使后牙区至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器主体，所述牙齿矫治器主体包括基于所述数字化牙颌模型本体设计的壳状牙齿矫治器本体及基于所述数字化上腭部设计的与所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体相连的辅助部本体；Designing the main body of the dental appliance: designing the main body of the dental appliance with at least one tooth in the posterior region moving to the distal direction based on the digital jaw model, the main body of the dental appliance including the main body designed based on the digital jaw model The shell-shaped dental appliance body and the auxiliary part body connected with the shell-shaped dental appliance body based on the digital upper palate design;
设置辅助支抗部：在所述辅助部本体上设置一使所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体后牙区至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动时吸收其产生的反作用力的辅助支抗部，所述辅助支抗部连接于所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体两侧后牙区舌侧；Setting the auxiliary anchoring part: an auxiliary anchoring part is arranged on the auxiliary part body that absorbs the reaction force generated when at least one tooth in the rear tooth area of the shell-shaped dental appliance body moves to the distal direction. The auxiliary anchoring portion is connected to the lingual side of the posterior tooth region on both sides of the shell-shaped dental appliance body;
设置辅助传导部：在所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体前牙区与所述辅助支抗部之间，或在所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体后牙区与所述辅助支抗部之间，设置一辅助传导后牙区至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动时产生的反作用力的辅助传导部。An auxiliary conduction part is provided: between the anterior tooth region of the shell-shaped dental appliance body and the auxiliary anchoring part, or between the posterior teeth region of the shell-shaped dental appliance body and the auxiliary anchoring part, An auxiliary conduction part for auxiliary conduction of the reaction force generated when at least one tooth in the posterior tooth region moves to the distal direction is provided.
优选地，将所述辅助支抗部设计为具有以下特征，当所述牙齿矫治器主体佩戴于上颌牙齿时，所述辅助支抗部与上颌硬腭前区的腭黏膜接触，使得上颌硬腭前区作为前牙区支抗或前牙区部分支抗。Preferably, the auxiliary anchoring portion is designed to have the following characteristics, when the appliance body is worn on the maxillary teeth, the auxiliary anchoring portion is in contact with the palatal mucosa of the anterior region of the maxillary hard palate, so that the anterior region of the maxillary hard palate is As an anterior anchorage or partial anchorage in the anterior area.
优选地，将所述辅助支抗部设计为包括支抗主体部和支抗连接部的结构，其中，所述支抗主体部设于上颌硬腭前区，所述支抗连接部的两侧分别与所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体两侧后牙区舌侧连接，所述支抗连接部两侧分别至少设置一个。Preferably, the auxiliary anchorage portion is designed as a structure including an anchorage main body portion and an anchorage connection portion, wherein the anchorage main body portion is provided in the anterior region of the maxillary hard palate, and the two sides of the anchorage connection portion are respectively It is connected with the lingual side of the posterior teeth area on both sides of the shell-shaped dental appliance body, and at least one anchorage connecting part is respectively provided on both sides.
优选地，在所述支抗连接部之间设置间隔孔或在支抗连接部上直接设置间隔孔形成所述辅助传导部。Preferably, spacing holes are provided between the anchorage connection parts or directly provided on the anchorage connection parts to form the auxiliary conduction part.
优选地，将所述支抗连接部与所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体的连接宽度设置为大于等于2mm。Preferably, the connection width between the anchorage connection portion and the shell-shaped dental appliance body is set to be greater than or equal to 2 mm.
优选地，将所述支抗主体部面向上颌硬腭前区一侧的表面与上颌硬腭前区的表面形状进行适配设计。Preferably, the surface of the main body portion of the anchorage facing the anterior region of the maxillary hard palate is designed to be adapted to the shape of the surface of the anterior region of the maxillary hard palate.
优选地，将所述辅助传导部设计成设置在所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体与所述辅助支抗部之间的间隔孔，所述间隔孔将所述辅助支抗部与所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体部分分离。Preferably, the auxiliary conduction part is designed as an interval hole provided between the shell-shaped dental appliance body and the auxiliary anchor part, and the spacing hole connects the auxiliary anchor part with the shell-shaped part. The appliance body is partially separated.
优选地，将所述辅助传导部设于所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体前牙区的左侧尖牙与右侧尖牙之间。Preferably, the auxiliary conduction part is arranged between the left canine and the right canine in the anterior region of the shell-shaped dental appliance body.
优选地，将所述辅助传导部沿牙弓方向的长度设计为所述前牙区至少一颗牙齿近远中方向的长度。Preferably, the length of the auxiliary conduction portion in the direction of the dental arch is designed to be the length in the mesiodistal direction of at least one tooth in the anterior tooth region.
优选地，将所述辅助支抗部连接于所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体两侧后牙区的位置设置在后牙区舌侧龈缘处或舌侧邻近龈缘处。Preferably, the positions where the auxiliary anchoring parts are connected to the posterior areas on both sides of the shell-shaped dental appliance body are set at the lingual gingival margin of the posterior area or at the lingual gingival margin.
优选地，将所述舌侧邻近龈缘处设计为整个牙冠高度距离龈缘的1/3-1/2处。Preferably, the position on the lingual side adjacent to the gingival margin is designed to be 1/3-1/2 of the entire crown height away from the gingival margin.
优选地，所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体设置成至少具有使后牙区至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动的几何结构。Preferably, the shell-like appliance body is configured to have at least a geometry that displaces at least one tooth in the posterior region in a distal direction.
优选地，将所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体与所述辅助支抗部设计为一体成型结构或分体成型结构。Preferably, the shell-shaped dental appliance body and the auxiliary anchor portion are designed as an integral molding structure or a separate molding structure.
优选地，所述设计牙齿矫治器主体为设计数字化牙齿矫治器主体或实体牙齿矫治器主体。Preferably, the designed appliance body is a designed digital appliance body or a solid appliance body.
一种牙齿矫治系统，包括辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器和保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器，其中所述辅助牙齿后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器为根据上述的设计方法设计的牙齿矫治器。An orthodontic system, comprising an orthodontic appliance for assisting the movement of teeth in the posterior region to the distal direction and an orthodontic appliance for maintaining the relative position of the teeth in the posterior region, wherein the auxiliary teeth in the posterior region move in the distal direction The orthodontic appliance is an orthodontic appliance designed according to the above-mentioned design method.
优选地，所述保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器包括壳状牙齿矫治器基体及与该壳状牙齿矫治器基体相连且保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变的保持体，所述壳状牙齿矫治器基体设有复数容纳牙齿的腔体，所述保持体连接于所述壳状牙齿矫治器基体两侧的后牙区舌侧。Preferably, the dental appliance that keeps the relative position of the teeth in the posterior region unchanged includes a shell-shaped dental appliance base and a holding body that is connected to the shell-shaped dental appliance base and keeps the relative position of the posterior teeth unchanged. The shell-shaped dental appliance base body is provided with a plurality of cavities for accommodating teeth, and the holding body is connected to the lingual sides of the posterior teeth area on both sides of the shell-shaped dental appliance base body.
优选地，所述具有前牙内收时保持后牙区相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器在所述具有使后牙区至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器佩戴结束后佩戴于上颌牙齿上，进行前牙内收时，上颌后牙区左右两侧牙齿作为整体支抗，且上颌后牙区两侧牙齿远中方向移动到位后保持其位置不变。Preferably, the orthodontic appliance with the relative position of the posterior teeth region remaining unchanged when the anterior teeth are retracted is worn on the upper jaw after the wearing of the dental appliance with at least one tooth in the posterior teeth region moving in the distal direction On the teeth, when the anterior teeth are retracted, the teeth on the left and right sides of the posterior maxillary area are used as the overall anchorage, and the teeth on both sides of the posterior maxillary area are moved in place in the distal direction and their positions remain unchanged.
优选地，所述保持体分别与所述壳状牙齿矫治器基体两侧后牙区舌侧龈缘处或舌侧邻近龈缘处连接。Preferably, the holding bodies are respectively connected with the lingual gingival margins or the lingual gingival margins in the posterior region on both sides of the shell-shaped dental appliance base.
优选地，所述舌侧邻近龈缘处为整个牙冠高度距离龈缘的1/3-1/2处。Preferably, the position on the lingual side adjacent to the gingival margin is 1/3-1/2 of the entire crown height from the gingival margin.
优选地，所述保持体为与上腭弧度一致的弓形结构。Preferably, the holding body is an arcuate structure consistent with the curvature of the upper palate.
优选地，所述保持体上还设有增加稳定性的加强部。Preferably, the holding body is further provided with a reinforcing part to increase stability.
优选地，所述加强部为至少一个沿颊舌侧方向设置，且与所述保持体弯曲弧度一致或不同的加强脊。Preferably, the reinforcing portion is at least one reinforcing ridge arranged along the buccal and lingual direction and having the same or different curvature of the holding body.
优选地，所述加强脊沿矢状面近远中方向的截面为间断截面或连续截面。Preferably, the cross-section of the reinforcing ridge along the mesial-distal direction of the sagittal plane is a discontinuous cross-section or a continuous cross-section.
优选地，所述加强脊截断面近远中方向的截面沿所述保持体的横断面上下设置、沿所述保持体的横断面以上设置或沿所述保持体的横断面以下设置。Preferably, the cross section of the reinforcing ridge truncated surface in the mesiodistal direction is disposed up and down along the cross section of the holding body, above the cross section of the holding body, or below the cross section of the holding body.
优选地，所述加强脊截断面近远中方向的截面为弧型或半封闭的多边形。Preferably, the cross-section in the mesiodistal direction of the truncation surface of the reinforcing ridge is an arc-shaped or semi-closed polygon.
优选地，所述保持体与所述壳状牙齿矫治器基体连接处的长度为所述壳状牙齿矫治器基体第二前磨牙与第一磨牙近远中方向的长度。Preferably, the length of the connection between the holding body and the base of the shell-shaped dental appliance is the length of the second premolar and the first molar of the base of the shell-shaped dental appliance in the mesial-distal direction.
优选地，所述壳状牙齿矫治器基体具有使前牙内收的几何结构。Preferably, the shell-like appliance base has a geometry that retracts the anterior teeth.
优选地，所述壳状牙齿矫治器基体与所述保持体为一体成型结构或分体成型结构。Preferably, the base body of the shell-shaped dental appliance and the holding body are integrally formed or formed separately.
一种牙齿矫治器的制备方法，基于上述的设计方法对设计出来的牙齿矫治器进行相应的制备，制备方法包括：先热压成型后切割的制备方法或直接3D打印的方法。A preparation method of a dental appliance, based on the above-mentioned design method, correspondingly prepares the designed dental appliance, and the preparation method includes: a preparation method of first hot pressing and then cutting or a method of direct 3D printing.
一种基于上述的牙齿矫治系统的制备方法，所述辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器和保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器均可采用先热压成型后切割的制备方法和/或直接3D打印的方法。A preparation method based on the above-mentioned orthodontic system, the orthodontic appliance that assists the movement of the teeth in the posterior region to the distal direction and the orthodontic appliance that maintains the relative position of the teeth in the posterior region can be made by first hot pressing and then forming. The method of preparation of cutting and/or the method of direct 3D printing.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果至少包括：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention at least include:
本发明提供的牙齿矫治器的设计方法中，通过在牙齿矫治器主体上设置辅助支抗部和辅助传导部，在将牙齿矫治器主体佩戴于上颌牙齿实施后牙远移时，后牙远移产生的反作用力的全部或部分在辅助传导部的辅助作用下经壳状牙齿矫治器本体传导至辅助支抗部，并由辅助支抗部吸收或部分吸收，前牙区支抗得以增加，从而能够保持前牙区牙齿的相对位置，避免前牙区的牙齿向唇侧倾斜的现象。本发明的牙齿矫治系统包括辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器和保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器，其中保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器在辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器佩戴结束后佩戴于上颌牙齿上，使得辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器后牙远移到位后，进行前牙内收，上颌后牙区左右两侧牙齿作为整体支抗，保持后牙区牙齿位置不变。本发明的牙齿矫治器的制备方法，采用上述设计方法设计之后进行相应牙齿矫治器的制备，采用先热压成型后切割的方法或直接3D打印的方法制备，其中采用先热压成型后切割的方法较简单，可以根据患者个性化的矫治需求进行相应矫治器的制作；采用直接3D打印的方法制备，对于结构较复杂或成型难度较大的结构可以直接打印成型，且制备过程无需人为操作，对制备精度能够很好的得到控制。In the design method of the dental appliance provided by the present invention, by arranging the auxiliary anchoring part and the auxiliary conduction part on the main body of the dental appliance, when the main body of the dental appliance is worn on the maxillary teeth and the posterior teeth are displaced, the posterior teeth are moved farther. All or part of the generated reaction force is transmitted to the auxiliary anchoring part through the shell-shaped dental appliance body under the assistance of the auxiliary conduction part, and is absorbed or partially absorbed by the auxiliary anchoring part, and the anchorage of the anterior teeth area is increased, thereby It can maintain the relative position of the teeth in the anterior area, and avoid the phenomenon that the teeth in the anterior area are inclined to the labial side. The orthodontic system of the present invention includes an orthodontic appliance for assisting the movement of the posterior teeth in the distal direction and an orthodontic appliance for maintaining the relative position of the posterior teeth unchanged, wherein the dental appliance maintaining the relative position of the posterior teeth unchanged After the orthodontic appliance that moves the teeth in the auxiliary posterior area to the distal direction is finished, put it on the maxillary teeth, so that the posterior teeth of the orthodontic appliance that moves the teeth in the auxiliary posterior area to the distal direction are moved in place, and then the anterior teeth The teeth on the left and right sides of the posterior maxillary area are used as the overall anchorage to keep the position of the teeth in the posterior area unchanged. The preparation method of the dental appliance of the present invention adopts the above-mentioned design method to design and then prepares the corresponding dental appliance. The method is relatively simple, and the corresponding appliance can be manufactured according to the patient's individualized orthodontic needs; the direct 3D printing method can be used to prepare, and the structure with more complex structure or difficult to form can be directly printed and formed, and the preparation process does not require manual operation, The preparation precision can be well controlled.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例1的牙齿矫治器的设计方法的流程示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for designing a dental appliance according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
图2是本发明实施例2的辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器的仰视图。Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the dental appliance for assisting the movement of teeth in the posterior region in the distal direction according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
图3是本发明实施例3的辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器的仰视图。Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the dental appliance for assisting the movement of teeth in the posterior region in the distal direction according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
图4是本发明实施例4的辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器的仰视图。Fig. 4 is a bottom view of the dental appliance for assisting the movement of teeth in the posterior region in the distal direction according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
图5是本发明实施例5的辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器的仰视图。Fig. 5 is a bottom view of the dental appliance for assisting the movement of the teeth in the posterior region in the distal direction according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
图6是发明实施例6的辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器的仰视图。FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the dental appliance for assisting the distal movement of teeth in the posterior region according to Embodiment 6 of the invention.
图7是发明实施例7的保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器的仰视图。FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the dental appliance for keeping the relative positions of the posterior teeth unchanged according to Embodiment 7 of the invention.
图8A是本发明一个实施例的保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器的保持体沿矢状面近远中方向的截面示意图。8A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the holder of the dental appliance for keeping the relative positions of the teeth in the posterior region unchanged along the mesial-distal direction of the sagittal plane according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图8B是本发明另一实施例的保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器的保持体沿矢状面近远中方向的截面示意图。8B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the holding body of the dental appliance for keeping the relative positions of the teeth in the posterior region unchanged along the mesial-distal direction of the sagittal plane according to another embodiment of the present invention.
图8C是本发明又一实施例的保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器的保持体沿矢状面近远中方向的截面示意图。8C is a schematic cross-sectional view of the holding body of the dental appliance for keeping the relative positions of the teeth in the posterior region unchanged along the mesial-distal direction of the sagittal plane according to another embodiment of the present invention.
图9是发明实施例8的下颌牙齿矫治器的俯视图。9 is a plan view of the lower jaw dental appliance according to the eighth embodiment of the invention.
图10是发明实施例9的下颌牙齿矫治器的俯视图。10 is a plan view of the lower jaw dental appliance according to the ninth embodiment of the invention.
图中：11、壳状牙齿矫治器本体；12、辅助支抗部；121、支抗主体部；122、支抗连接部；13、辅助传导部；21、壳状牙齿矫治器基体；22、保持体；221、加强脊；30、下颌牙齿矫治器；31、下颌壳状本体；32、下颌支撑部；33、下颌间隙部。In the figure: 11. Shell-shaped appliance body; 12. Auxiliary anchoring part; 121. Anchoring main body part; 122. Anchorage connecting part; 13. Auxiliary conduction part; 21. Shell-shaped appliance base; 22. 221. Reinforcing ridge; 30. Mandibular dental appliance; 31. Mandibular shell-shaped body; 32. Mandibular support part; 33. Mandibular space part.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。除非另外定义，此处使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本文中使用的“包括”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are a part of the present invention. examples, but not all examples. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein should have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. As used herein, "comprising" and similar words mean that the elements or things appearing before the word encompass the elements or things recited after the word and their equivalents, but do not exclude other elements or things.
正畸治疗中常用牙作为支抗，作为支抗的牙将抵抗矫治力产生的反作用力对其的作用，通常情况下不希望支抗牙移动。当采用隐形牙齿矫治器进行后牙区牙齿远移时，牙齿移动产生的反作用力承载在前牙区，容易导致前牙向唇侧倾斜，造成不被期望的矫治效果；当采用隐形牙齿矫治器进行前牙区牙齿内收时，牙齿移动产生的反作用力承载在后牙区，导致已经远移至矫治位置的后牙区牙齿向近中方向移动，同样造成不被期望的矫治效果，而这些现象都是需要在正畸治疗中避免的。因此，采用隐形牙齿矫治器进行正畸治疗时，必须对移动的牙齿进行增加支抗的操作，能够有效的避免上述现象的产生。Teeth are often used as anchorages in orthodontic treatment. The teeth used as anchorages will resist the action of the reaction force generated by the orthodontic force, and it is usually not desirable to resist the movement of the teeth. When using invisible aligners to move the teeth in the posterior area, the reaction force generated by the movement of the teeth is carried in the anterior area, which easily leads to the inclination of the anterior teeth to the labial side, resulting in an undesired orthodontic effect; when using invisible aligners When the anterior teeth are retracted, the reaction force generated by the movement of the teeth is carried in the posterior teeth, causing the posterior teeth that have moved far to the orthodontic position to move in the mesial direction, which also causes undesired orthodontic effects. These phenomena need to be avoided in orthodontic treatment. Therefore, when using invisible dental appliances for orthodontic treatment, it is necessary to increase the anchorage of the moving teeth, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of the above phenomenon.
本发明实施例提供一种牙齿矫治系统，该牙齿矫治系统包括辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器和保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器。其中，辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器可以用于先对后牙区牙齿实施后牙区牙齿远移，在实施后牙区牙齿远移时，借助设计的辅助支抗部12和辅助传导部13能够保持前牙区牙齿的相对位置不变，减少前牙唇倾现象，防止前牙区的牙齿发生向唇侧倾斜的现象；在完成后牙区牙齿远移后，可以再利用保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器对前牙区实施前牙内收，在实施前牙内收时，牙齿矫治器能够保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变，减少后牙区的牙齿前移，从而使得后牙区的牙齿保持其佩戴辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器结束后的矫治位置。An embodiment of the present invention provides an orthodontic system, which includes an orthodontic appliance for assisting the distal movement of teeth in the posterior region and an orthodontic appliance for maintaining the relative position of the teeth in the posterior region unchanged. Among them, the dental appliance that assists the movement of the posterior teeth in the distal direction can be used to first perform the distal movement of the posterior teeth on the posterior teeth. 12 and the
下面结合附图对实施例的辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器的设计方法及其结构进行详细描述。The design method and structure of the dental appliance for assisting the distal movement of teeth in the posterior region of the embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
图1是本发明实施例1的牙齿矫治器的设计方法的流程示意图，图2是本发明实施例2的辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器的仰视图。参照图1和图2，牙齿矫治器的设计方法包括步骤S11至S14。FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for designing a dental appliance according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the dental appliance for assisting the distal movement of teeth in the posterior region according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 1 and 2 , the design method of the dental appliance includes steps S11 to S14.
步骤S11：获取数字化牙颌模型：获取一数字化牙颌模型，所述数字化牙颌模型包括数字化牙颌模型本体及数字化上腭部。Step S11 : acquiring a digital dental model: acquiring a digital dental model, where the digital dental model includes a digital dental model body and a digital upper palate.
数字化牙颌模型可以是上颌的数字化牙颌模型，数字化牙颌模型可以通过初始牙颌信息获得，也可以通过治疗过程中的中间状态牙颌信息获得。其中，初始牙颌信息或中间状态牙颌信息可以通过口内扫描获得，或者，通过对用户的牙颌模型的扫描获得，初始牙齿状态信息具体可以包括：牙齿形状、牙龈位置等，还可以包括由CBCT数据(Cone beam CT，又称为锥形束CT)获得的牙根信息。牙齿形状中进一步还包括牙齿唇面、舌面、咬合面等形态，更进一步还可以包括有牙齿牙尖、嵴、窝、沟等。The digital dental and jaw model can be a digital dental and jaw model of the upper jaw, and the digital dental and jaw model can be obtained from the initial dental information, or can be obtained from the intermediate state dental information during the treatment process. Wherein, the initial tooth information or the intermediate state tooth information may be obtained by intraoral scanning, or obtained by scanning the user's tooth model, and the initial tooth state information may specifically include: tooth shape, gum position, etc., and may also include Root information obtained from CBCT data (Cone beam CT, also known as cone beam CT). The tooth shape further includes the shape of the labial surface, the lingual surface, and the occlusal surface of the tooth, and further includes the tooth cusp, the ridge, the fossa, the groove, and the like.
步骤S12：设计牙齿矫治器主体：基于所述数字化牙颌模型设计具有使后牙区至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器主体，所述牙齿矫治器主体包括基于所述数字化牙颌模型本体设计的壳状牙齿矫治器本体11及基于所述数字化上腭部设计的与所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体11相连的辅助部本体。Step S12: Designing the main body of the dental appliance: designing the main body of the dental appliance with at least one tooth in the posterior region moving in the distal direction based on the digital jaw model, and the main body of the dental appliance includes a main body based on the digital jaw model. The shell-shaped
设计牙齿矫治器主体可以具体为设计数字化牙齿矫治器主体或实体牙齿矫治器主体，其中，数字化牙齿矫治器主体可以为利用有限元分析的方法，对虚拟的数字化牙齿矫治器主体上进行特殊部件的设计；实体牙齿矫治器主体可用于当对数字化牙颌模型进行实体热压成型操作后的实体进行设计，即为在实体热压成型的牙齿矫治器上进行特殊的切割设计。Designing the main body of the orthodontic appliance may specifically include designing the main body of the digital orthodontic appliance or the main body of the solid orthodontic appliance, wherein the main body of the digital orthodontic appliance may be the method of using the finite element analysis method to perform special parts on the virtual digital orthodontic appliance main body. Design; the main body of the solid orthodontic appliance can be used to design the solid body after the solid thermoforming operation is performed on the digital dental model, that is, a special cutting design is performed on the solid thermoforming orthodontic appliance.
壳状牙齿矫治器本体11可设置有若干容纳上颌牙齿的腔体，并划分有前牙区和后牙区，壳状牙齿矫治器本体11优选设置成至少具有使后牙区至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动的几何结构。其中，“后牙区”根据北京大学医学出版社出版的《口腔医学导论》第2版第36-38页中对于牙齿的分类进行定义，包括前磨牙以及磨牙，以FDI标记法显示为4-8的牙齿，前牙区FDI标记法显示为1-3的牙齿。壳状牙齿矫治器本体11的前牙区可用于容纳上颌牙齿的中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙，壳状牙齿矫治器本体11的后牙区可用于容纳上颌牙齿的第一前磨牙、第二前磨牙、第一磨牙、第二磨牙和第三磨牙。The shell-shaped
步骤S13：设置辅助支抗部12：在所述辅助部本体上设置一使所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体11后牙区至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动时吸收其产生的反作用力的辅助支抗部12，所述辅助支抗部12连接于所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体11两侧后牙区舌侧。Step S13: Setting the auxiliary anchoring part 12: setting an auxiliary part on the auxiliary part body to absorb the reaction force generated when at least one tooth in the posterior region of the shell-shaped
本发明一些实施例中，将辅助支抗部12连接于壳状牙齿矫治器本体11两侧后牙区的位置设置在后牙区舌侧龈缘处或舌侧邻近龈缘处，将舌侧邻近龈缘处优选设计为整个牙冠高度距离龈缘的1/3-1/2处，佩戴牙齿矫治器主体时，上述连接位置的辅助支抗部12能够减小患者口腔内的异物感，佩戴更加舒适。壳状牙齿矫治器本体11与辅助支抗部12可以设计为一体成型结构或分体成型结构；其中，壳状牙齿矫治器本体11与辅助支抗部12可为一体压膜成型结构或直接3D打印成型结构，也可以通过黏贴、磁吸、卡接等结构进行分体连接成型。In some embodiments of the present invention, the positions where the
上颌硬腭划分有邻近唇侧的上颌硬腭前区和远离唇侧的上颌硬腭后区，本发明一些实施例中，将辅助支抗部12设计为具有以下特征，当牙齿矫治器主体佩戴于上颌牙齿时，辅助支抗部12与上颌硬腭前区的腭黏膜接触，辅助支抗部12吸收的后牙区至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动时产生的反作用力能够传导至与辅助支抗部12接触的上颌硬腭前区，该反作用力最终被上颌硬腭吸收，使得上颌硬腭前区作为前牙区支抗或前牙区的部分支抗，前牙区支抗得以增加。The maxillary hard palate is divided into an anterior area of the maxillary hard palate adjacent to the labial side and a posterior area of the maxillary hard palate away from the labial side. In some embodiments of the present invention, the
步骤S14：设置辅助传导部13：在所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体11前牙区与所述辅助支抗部12之间，或在所述壳状牙齿矫治器本体11后牙区与所述辅助支抗部12之间，设置一辅助传导后牙区至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动时产生的反作用力的辅助传导部13。Step S14: Setting the auxiliary conduction part 13: between the anterior tooth region of the shell-shaped
本发明一些实施例中，将辅助传导部13设计成设置在壳状牙齿矫治器本体11与辅助支抗部12之间的间隔孔，间隔孔将辅助支抗部12与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11部分分离。In some embodiments of the present invention, the
如图2所示，实施例2中，辅助传导部13设置在壳状牙齿矫治器本体11前牙区与辅助支抗部12之间，该辅助传导部13用于将后牙区的至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动时产生的反作用力辅助传导至辅助支抗部12，且能够阻挡传导至辅助支抗部12的反作用力传导至上颌牙齿的前牙区。优选将间隔孔结构的辅助传导部13设于壳状牙齿矫治器本体11前牙区的左侧尖牙与右侧尖牙之间，优选将辅助传导部13沿牙弓方向的长度设计为前牙区至少一颗牙齿近远中方向的长度，上述结构的间隔孔能够有效隔离辅助支抗部12和壳状牙齿矫治器本体11前牙区，有效阻挡传导至辅助支抗部12的反作用力传导至上颌牙齿的前牙区，减少前牙唇倾现象。As shown in FIG. 2 , in Embodiment 2, the
由上述设计方法得到的牙齿矫治器对上颌牙齿实施后牙远移的矫治过程是，当牙齿矫治器主体佩戴于上颌牙齿时，壳状牙齿矫治器本体11的几何结构使得后牙区至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动，向远中方向移动的至少一颗牙齿产生一个与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11的矫治力方向相反、大小相同的反作用力，该反作用力全部或部分经壳状牙齿矫治器本体11传导至辅助支抗部12，辅助支抗部12吸收上述全部或部分的反作用力，使得前牙区支抗得以增加，从而能够保持前牙区牙齿的相对位置，避免前牙向唇侧倾斜现象。The orthodontic appliance obtained by the above-mentioned design method implements the orthodontic process of posterior tooth distalization on the maxillary teeth. When the appliance body is worn on the maxillary teeth, the geometric structure of the shell-shaped
如图2所示，将辅助支抗部12设计为包括支抗主体部121和支抗连接部122的结构。其中，支抗主体部121设于上颌硬腭前区，图2中，支抗主体部121为大致呈卵圆形的膜片，用于与上颌硬腭前区的腭黏膜接触以传导后牙远移产生的反作用力；支抗连接部122的两侧分别与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11两侧后牙区舌侧连接，支抗连接部122两侧分别至少设置一个，图2中，支抗连接部122左右两侧分别设置一个，支抗连接部122连接在支抗主体部121与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11之间，支抗连接部122能够将后牙区的至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动时产生的反作用力传导至支抗主体部121，并且当患者佩戴牙齿矫治器时，辅助支抗部12的设计能够提高患者佩戴的舒适性。As shown in FIG. 2 , the
参照图3，实施例3中，辅助传导部13设置在壳状牙齿矫治器本体11后牙区与辅助支抗部12之间，辅助传导部13的形成方式为：在支抗连接部122上直接设置间隔孔形成辅助传导部13。图3中，间隔孔结构的辅助传导部13形成在壳状牙齿矫治器本体11后牙区与辅助支抗部12之间，辅助支抗部12同时连接壳状牙齿矫治器本体11前牙区。在后牙区的至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动时产生的反作用力向近中方向传导时，在辅助传导部13的辅助作用下，该反作用力全部或部分经壳状牙齿矫治器本体11传导至辅助支抗部12，辅助支抗部12吸收上述全部或部分的反作用力，并将上述全部或部分的反作用力传导至与辅助支抗部12接触的上颌硬腭前区，使得前牙区支抗得以增加，从而在实施后牙远移时能够保持前牙相对位置，使得前牙区牙齿不会向唇侧方向倾斜，并且当患者佩戴牙齿矫治器时，辅助支抗部12的设计能够提高患者佩戴的舒适性。Referring to FIG. 3 , in Embodiment 3, the
参照图4，实施例4中，与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11左侧连接的支抗连接部122，和/或与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11右侧连接的支抗连接部122为多个时，辅助传导部13的形成方式为：在支抗连接部122之间设置间隔孔形成辅助传导部13。图4中，支抗主体部121通过两个支抗连接部122与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11左侧连接，左侧的两个支抗连接部122之间设有间隔孔，该间隔孔即为左侧的辅助传导部13；支抗主体部121通过两个支抗连接部122与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11右侧连接，右侧的两个支抗连接部122之间设有间隔孔，该间隔孔即为右侧的辅助传导部13。此外，本实施例的牙齿矫治器主体中，支抗主体部121与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11前牙区之间还设有间隔孔结构的辅助传导部13，该辅助传导部13与实施例2的牙齿矫治器主体中的辅助传导部13的结构相同或类似。本实施例的牙齿矫治器主体在辅助支抗部12和辅助传导部13的作用下，同样能够将后牙区的至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动时产生的反作用力传导至与辅助支抗部12接触的上颌硬腭前区，并且当患者佩戴牙齿矫治器时，辅助支抗部12的设计能够提高患者佩戴的舒适性。其作用方式与实施例2和实施例3中的牙齿矫治器主体的作用方式相似，在此不予赘述。Referring to FIG. 4 , in Embodiment 4, the
壳状牙齿矫治器本体11左侧和右侧连接的支抗连接部122的数量越多越有利反作用力的传导，但支抗连接部122的数量增加，导致支抗连接部122与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11的连接宽度减小，连接宽度过小的支抗连接部122不利于反作用力的传导。本发明一些实施例中，将支抗连接部122与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11的连接宽度设置为大于等于2mm，即支抗连接部122与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11舌侧龈缘处或邻近龈缘处的连接宽度大于等于2mm，以使辅助支抗部12具有较佳的力传导作用。The more the number of
位于壳状牙齿矫治器本体11左侧的支抗连接部122的数量和壳状牙齿矫治器本体11右侧的支抗连接部122的数量可以相同或不同，位于壳状牙齿矫治器本体11左侧的辅助传导部13的数量和壳状牙齿矫治器本体11右侧的辅助传导部13的数量可以相同或不同。The number of
如图5所示，实施例5的牙齿矫治器主体中，支抗主体部121通过两个支抗连接部122与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11左侧后牙区连接，左侧的两个支抗连接部122之间设有间隔孔结构的辅助传导部13；支抗主体部121通过一个支抗连接部122与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11右侧后牙区连接；支抗主体部121与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11前牙区之间还设有间隔孔结构的辅助传导部13。本实施例的牙齿矫治器主体同样能够将后牙区的至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动时产生的反作用力传导至与辅助支抗部12接触的上颌硬腭前区，在此不予赘述。As shown in FIG. 5 , in the main body of the dental appliance of Example 5, the anchoring
如图6所示，实施例6的牙齿矫治器主体中，支抗主体部121通过一个支抗连接部122与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11左侧后牙区连接；支抗主体部121通过两个支抗连接部122与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11右侧后牙区连接，右侧的两个支抗连接部122之间设有间隔孔结构的辅助传导部13；支抗主体部121与壳状牙齿矫治器本体11前牙区之间还设有间隔孔结构的辅助传导部13。本实施例的牙齿矫治器主体同样能够将后牙区的至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动时产生的反作用力传导至与辅助支抗部12接触的上颌硬腭前区，在此不予赘述。As shown in FIG. 6 , in the main body of the dental appliance of Example 6, the anchoring
本发明一些实施例中，将支抗主体部121面向上颌硬腭前区一侧的表面与上颌硬腭前区的表面形状进行适配设计，使得支抗主体部121面向上颌硬腭前区一侧的表面与上颌硬腭前区的表面形状适配，表面形状适配可以为凹凸匹配的方式，即支抗主体部121与上颌硬腭前区的形状凹凸匹配，使佩戴更加贴合，舒适性增加，同时也有利于反作用力的传导和支抗的增加。In some embodiments of the present invention, the surface of the
下面结合附图对本发明实施例的保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器的结构进行详细描述。The structure of the dental appliance for keeping the relative position of the teeth in the posterior region unchanged according to the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
参照图7，实施例7中，保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器包括壳状牙齿矫治器基体21及与该壳状牙齿矫治器基体21相连的保持体22。Referring to FIG. 7 , in Embodiment 7, the dental appliance that keeps the relative positions of the teeth in the posterior region unchanged includes a shell-shaped
壳状牙齿矫治器基体21设有复数容纳牙齿的腔体，并划分有前牙区和后牙区，壳状牙齿矫治器基体21优选具有使前牙内收的几何结构。壳状牙齿矫治器基体21的前牙区可用于容纳上颌牙齿的中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙，壳状牙齿矫治器基体21的后牙区可用于容纳上颌牙齿的第一前磨牙、第二前磨牙、第一磨牙、第二磨牙和第三磨牙。The shell-shaped
保持体22用于保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变，保持体22连接于壳状牙齿矫治器基体21两侧的后牙区舌侧。本发明一些实施例中，保持体22分别与壳状牙齿矫治器基体21左右两侧后牙区舌侧龈缘处或舌侧邻近龈缘处连接，舌侧邻近龈缘处优选为整个牙冠高度距离龈缘的1/3-1/2处，上述连接位置的保持体22能够减小患者口腔内的异物感，佩戴更加舒适。保持体22与壳状牙齿矫治器基体21连接处的长度优选为壳状牙齿矫治器基体21的第二前磨牙与第一磨牙近远中方向的长度，使保持体22与壳状牙齿矫治器基体21之间具有较佳的连接强度，保持体22不仅具有较佳的保持力，而且该连接长度使患者口腔内的异物感较小，佩戴更加舒适。壳状牙齿矫治器基体21与保持体22可以采用一体成型结构或分体成型结构；其中，壳状牙齿矫治器基体21与保持体22可为一体压膜成型结构或直接3D打印成型结构，也可以通过黏贴、磁吸、卡接等结构进行分体连接成型。The holding
本发明一些实施例中，具有前牙内收时保持后牙区相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器在具有使后牙区至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器佩戴结束后佩戴于上颌牙齿上，进行前牙内收时，使得上颌后牙区左右两侧牙齿作为整体支抗，且上颌后牙区两侧牙齿远中方向移动到位后保持其位置不变。In some embodiments of the present invention, the orthodontic appliance that keeps the relative position of the posterior region unchanged when the anterior teeth are retracted is worn on the upper jaw after the wearing of the orthodontic appliance that moves at least one tooth in the posterior region to the distal direction. On the teeth, when the anterior teeth are retracted, the teeth on the left and right sides of the maxillary posterior area are used as the overall anchorage, and the teeth on both sides of the maxillary posterior area are moved in place in the distal direction and their positions remain unchanged.
具体地说，具有使后牙区至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器佩戴结束后，上颌后牙区左右两侧牙齿远中方向移动到位，再将具有前牙内收时保持后牙区相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器佩戴于上颌牙齿时，壳状牙齿矫治器基体21的几何结构产生使前牙内收的矫治力，前牙内收产生与壳状牙齿矫治器基体21的矫治力方向相反、大小相同的反作用力，该反作用力经壳状牙齿矫治器基体21向后牙区牙齿传导，并使后牙区牙齿具有向近中方向移动的趋势，而保持体22的保持作用使得作为整体支抗的上颌后牙区左右两侧牙齿的位置得以保持不变，降低或消除了前牙内收产生的反作用力对上颌后牙区左右两侧牙齿的影响，保持后牙区牙齿位置不变。Specifically, after the wearing of the dental appliance capable of moving at least one tooth in the posterior area to the distal direction, the teeth on the left and right sides of the maxillary posterior area are moved in place in the distal direction, and then the teeth with the anterior teeth adducted are kept in the posterior direction. When the dental appliance with the same relative position of the dental region is worn on the maxillary teeth, the geometric structure of the shell-shaped
本发明一些实施例中，保持体22为与上腭弧度一致的弓形结构，在对上颌牙齿实施前牙内收时，保持体22的弓形压缩所产生的张力在上颌后段牙弓产生骨皮质支抗效应，能够有效削弱或消除前牙内收产生的施加在后牙上的反作用力，在实施前牙内收时保持后牙区牙齿的相对位置。In some embodiments of the present invention, the retaining
本发明一些实施例中，参照图8A至图8C，保持体22上还设有增加稳定性的加强部，加强部优选为至少一个沿颊舌侧方向设置，且与保持体22弯曲弧度一致或不同的加强脊221，加强部提高了保持体22的稳定性，提高了抵抗前牙内收产生的反作用力和保持后牙位置不变的能力。In some embodiments of the present invention, referring to FIG. 8A to FIG. 8C , the holding
继续参照图8A至图8C，加强脊221沿矢状面近远中方向的截面可以为间断截面或连续截面，该截面为间断截面时，作为示例，图8A所示的保持体沿矢状面近远中方向的截面包括多个间隔的U型截面，图8B所示的保持体沿矢状面近远中方向的截面包括多个间隔的弧型截面；该截面为连续截面时，作为示例，如图8C所示，保持体沿矢状面近远中方向的截面由多个首尾相连的弧型截面形成，相邻两个弧形截面平滑连接，从而形成波浪状的连续截面。加强脊221截断面近远中方向的截面沿保持部22的横断面上下设置、沿保持部22的横断面以上设置或沿保持部22的横断面以下设置，如图8A所示，加强脊221截断面近远中方向的截面沿保持部22横断面以上设置，如图8B所示，加强脊221截断面近远中方向的截面沿保持部22横断面以下设置，如图8C所示，加强脊221截断面近远中方向的截面沿保持部22横断面上下设置，上述不同的设置方式均提高了保持部22的稳定性和保持后牙位置不变的能力。加强脊221截断面近远中方向的截面优选为弧型或半封闭的多边形，该结构的加强脊221能有效提高保持部22的弓形压缩产生的张力，提高削弱或消除前牙内收的反作用力的能力。Continuing to refer to FIGS. 8A to 8C , the cross-section of the reinforcing
本发明实施例还提供一种下颌牙齿矫治器30，该下颌牙齿矫治器30用于与实施例2-7中所述的辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器和保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器作为上颌牙齿矫治器相配合，分别对下颌牙齿和上颌牙齿进行矫治。下面结合附图对本发明实施例的下颌牙齿矫治器30的结构进行详细描述。The embodiment of the present invention further provides a mandibular
参照图9，实施例8的下颌牙齿矫治器30包括下颌壳状本体31，下颌壳状本体31可以具有使下颌牙齿后牙区至少一颗牙齿向远中方向移动的几何结构，下颌壳状本体31包括下颌前牙区和下颌后牙区，下颌壳状本体31的下颌前牙区可用于容纳下颌牙齿的中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙，下颌壳状本体31的下颌后牙区可用于容纳下颌牙齿的第一前磨牙、第二前磨牙、第一磨牙、第二磨牙和第三磨牙。Referring to FIG. 9 , the mandibular
下颌壳状本体31上还设有利用牙弓骨皮质增加支抗的下颌支撑部32，下颌支撑部32设于下颌前牙区，本实施例中，下颌支撑部32与下颌壳状本体31的前牙区舌侧处连接在一起，下颌支撑部32大致呈板状或片状结构。在辅助牙齿后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器和下颌牙齿矫治器30相配合分别对上颌牙齿和下颌牙齿进行矫治时，作为上颌牙齿矫治器的辅助牙齿后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器对上颌牙齿实施后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动，移动产生的全部或部分反作用力经辅助牙齿后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器的壳状牙齿矫治器本体11上设置的辅助支抗部12传导至上颌硬腭前区，使得反作用力被部分或全部吸收。下颌牙齿矫治器30对下颌牙齿实施后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动，向远中方向移动的至少一颗牙齿产生一个与下颌壳状本体31的矫治力方向相反、大小相同的反作用力，该反作用力使下颌牙齿前牙区的牙齿产生向唇侧倾斜的趋势，下颌壳状本体31上的下颌支撑部32利用牙弓骨皮质支抗效应削弱或消除了下颌后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动时传导至下颌壳状本体31前牙区的反作用力，下颌支撑部32增加了下颌牙齿矫治器30对下颌牙齿实施后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动时的支抗，从而保持下颌前牙区牙齿的相对位置，防止下颌前牙区牙齿向唇侧倾斜。The mandibular shell-shaped
参照图10，实施例9的下颌牙齿矫治器30和实施例8的下颌牙齿矫治器30的结构相似，两者的区别在于，实施例9的下颌牙齿矫治器30中，下颌支撑部32与下颌前牙区之间还设有下颌间隙部33，下颌间隙部33将下颌前牙区与下颌支撑部32分开，本实施例的下颌支撑部32大致呈杆状结构，上述结构的下颌支撑部32同样能够增加下颌牙齿矫治器30对下颌牙齿实施后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动时的支抗，从而保持下颌前牙区牙齿的相对位置，防止下颌前牙区牙齿向唇侧倾斜。Referring to FIG. 10 , the mandibular
本发明实施例还提供一种牙齿矫治器的制备方法，基于实施例1的设计方法对设计出来的牙齿矫治器进行相应的制备，制备方法包括：先热压成型后切割的制备方法或直接3D打印的方法。The embodiment of the present invention also provides a preparation method of a dental appliance. Based on the design method of Example 1, the designed dental appliance is prepared accordingly. The preparation method includes: a preparation method of hot pressing first and then cutting or direct 3D method of printing.
本发明实施例还提供一种基于上述的牙齿矫治系统的制备方法，辅助后牙区牙齿向远中方向移动的牙齿矫治器和保持后牙区牙齿相对位置不变的牙齿矫治器均可采用先热压成型后切割的制备方法和/或直接3D打印的方法。The embodiment of the present invention also provides a preparation method based on the above-mentioned dental orthodontic system. The orthodontic appliance that assists the movement of the posterior teeth in the distal direction and the orthodontic appliance that maintains the relative position of the posterior teeth in the same direction can use the first Preparation methods for cutting after thermoforming and/or methods for direct 3D printing.
在一种实施方式中，制备方法中的制作模块可以是增材制造机，采用增材制造技术进行牙齿矫治器的制备，即采用3D打印技术将获得的符合要求的牙齿矫治器有限元数字模型后直接打印成牙齿矫治器，3D打印技术可以是SLA(立体光固化成型)或DLP(数字光投影)。In one embodiment, the manufacturing module in the preparation method may be an additive manufacturing machine, and the additive manufacturing technology is used to prepare the dental appliance, that is, the finite element digital model of the dental appliance that meets the requirements will be obtained by using the 3D printing technology. After directly printing into dental appliances, the 3D printing technology can be SLA (stereoscopic light curing molding) or DLP (digital light projection).
在另一种实施方式中，制备方法中的制作模块也可以是3D打印设备、压膜设备、切割设备、抛光设备、及清洗消毒设备，具体制备过程是首先通过3D打印技术将符合要求的数字化牙颌模型有限元数字模型直接打印出来，其次在打印好的3D牙颌模型上进行压膜操作，最后再对压好膜的牙齿矫治器进行切割、抛光清洗、消毒等步骤，最终制得牙齿矫治器。In another embodiment, the production modules in the preparation method can also be 3D printing equipment, lamination equipment, cutting equipment, polishing equipment, and cleaning and disinfection equipment. The specific preparation process is to first digitize the required 3D printing technology through 3D printing technology. The finite element digital model of the dental and jaw model is directly printed, and then the lamination operation is performed on the printed 3D dental and jaw model. Finally, the steps of cutting, polishing, cleaning, and disinfection are performed on the laminated dental appliance, and finally the teeth are obtained. appliance.
虽然在上文中详细说明了本发明的实施方式，但是对于本领域的技术人员来说显而易见的是，能够对这些实施方式进行各种修改和变化。但是，应理解，这种修改和变化都属于权利要求书中的本发明的范围和精神之内。而且，在此说明的本发明可有其它的实施方式，并且可通过多种方式实施或实现。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes can be made to these embodiments. However, it should be understood that such modifications and changes are within the scope and spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims. Furthermore, the invention described herein is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways.
Claims (30)
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| CN202010121302.XACN111281578B (en) | 2020-02-26 | 2020-02-26 | Design method and preparation method of dental appliance, and dental appliance system |
| EP21760260.6AEP4112000B1 (en) | 2020-02-26 | 2021-02-26 | Orthodontic appliance, dental instrument and designing method for orthodontic appliance |
| AU2021228088AAU2021228088B9 (en) | 2020-02-26 | 2021-02-26 | Orthodontic appliance and uses thereof |
| JP2022600122UJP3240833U (en) | 2020-02-26 | 2021-02-26 | Orthodontic appliances, dental appliances, orthodontic sets and orthodontic systems |
| PCT/CN2021/078205WO2021170101A1 (en) | 2020-02-26 | 2021-02-26 | Orthodontic appliance, dental instrument, orthodontic appliance set, orthodontic system, designing method and manufacturing method for orthodontic appliance |
| US17/822,262US20220401188A1 (en) | 2020-02-26 | 2022-08-25 | Orthodontic appliance and uses thereof |
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