Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a lithium ion energy storage battery thermal runaway protection system based on distribution control, which is used for solving the problems of lower accuracy, poor timeliness and low reliability of the existing battery protection technology.
The technical scheme is as follows: according to a first aspect of the invention, a lithium ion energy storage battery thermal runaway protection system based on distributed control is provided, which comprises: the system comprises a gas acquisition terminal, a signal processing unit and a communication and alarm system, wherein the gas acquisition terminal is arranged right above a battery module and used for acquiring the type and concentration information of gas released inside the battery in real time and outputting a voltage signal representing the concentration of the gas; the signal processing unit is used for receiving the voltage signal output by the gas acquisition terminal, amplifying and filtering the voltage signal to obtain a stable voltage signal and recalculating to obtain a corresponding gas concentration value; the communication and alarm system is used for receiving the gas concentration values output by the signal processing units and sending out alarm signals when the gas concentration value of any gas in a battery cluster containing a plurality of battery modules exceeds a preset concentration threshold value.
Preferably, the gas type collected by the gas collecting terminal comprises at least one of CO, CO2, H2, HCl, HF and SO 2.
Preferably, the gas collection terminal adopts a voltage output type gas sensor.
Preferably, the voltage output type gas sensor converts the gas concentration information of each type of gas collected by the gas sensitive material into a voltage signal with a value [ U1, U2] by using a gas concentration-voltage conversion circuit, wherein U2 corresponds to the voltage value of the full scale of the sensor, and U1 corresponds to the voltage value of zero concentration of the gas.
Preferably, the thermal runaway protection system further comprises a distributed fire extinguishing unit, wherein the distributed fire extinguishing unit is installed between each battery cluster and the corresponding fire extinguishing device and used for judging whether to start the fire extinguishing device according to the voltage signal output by the gas collecting device.
Preferably, the distributed fire suppression unit is particularly adapted to: and comparing the voltage signal by using a voltage comparator, outputting a control signal when the voltage signal output by the gas acquisition device is greater than the reference voltage, controlling the relay to be switched on, and starting the connected fire extinguishing device.
According to a second aspect of the invention, a lithium ion energy storage battery thermal runaway protection method based on distribution control is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that a battery module is taken as a unit, and the type and concentration information of gas released inside a battery are collected in real time by a voltage output type gas sensor to obtain a voltage signal representing the concentration information of the gas;
amplifying and filtering the voltage signal output by the voltage output type gas sensor to obtain a stable voltage signal and recalculating to obtain a corresponding gas concentration value;
and when the gas concentration value of any gas in the battery cluster containing the plurality of battery modules exceeds a preset gas concentration threshold value, sending out an alarm signal.
Preferably, the gas type comprises at least one of CO, CO2, H2, HCl, HF, SO 2.
Preferably, the method further comprises: and monitoring the voltage signal of the voltage output type gas sensor, and starting the fire extinguishing device when the voltage signal is larger than a preset voltage threshold value.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the invention adopts a mode of monitoring the gas released by the thermal runaway of the battery to directly alarm the fire risk generated by the overcharge of the battery, thereby avoiding the complex collection of the internal parameters of the battery aiming at the batteries with different types and capacities, avoiding the redesign of a state evaluation algorithm and being easy to realize.
(2) The invention does not need to use voltage, current and surface temperature data collected by the BMS, and compared with the early warning made according to the voltage and the surface temperature, the invention avoids the transmission and the processing of big data, and has more direct judgment and more reliable warning on dangerous working conditions of the battery.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
Generally, in a lithium ion energy storage battery system, a plurality of battery cells are connected in series and parallel to form a battery module, and a plurality of battery modules are connected in series and parallel to form a battery cluster. Each battery cluster will be equipped with one or more fire extinguishing devices. The battery monomer is provided with a safety valve, and when the internal pressure of the monomer is overlarge, the safety valve is opened to release the pressure. For a single battery, before thermal runaway occurs, the temperature of internal electrolyte and positive and negative electrodes suddenly rises to further cause physical and chemical changes inside the battery, and a large number of experiments prove that a large time delay exists between the surface temperature of the battery and the internal thermal runaway, the thermal runaway of the battery cannot be captured in time only by measuring the surface temperature, and early warning cannot be achieved in time. Before thermal runaway occurs, the temperature of electrolyte in the battery is increased to cause the electrolyte to be gasified and decomposed, then the battery expands to open the safety valve and release a large amount of gas, and the thermal runaway state of the battery can be technically monitored and early warned by monitoring the type and the content of the released gas. Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a lithium ion energy storage battery thermal runaway protection system based on distributed control, which comprises a gas acquisition terminal, a signal processing unit, a distributed fire extinguishing unit, a communication and alarm system and a user interaction system, wherein the gas acquisition terminal is used for acquiring the type and concentration of gas released by a battery module, and converting the gas concentration into a voltage signal and outputting the voltage signal, recalculating the voltage signal into a gas concentration value by the signal processing unit, determining whether to start the fire extinguishing device or not by the distributed fire extinguishing unit according to the comparison result of the voltage signal and a set threshold value, monitoring the gas concentration value in a battery cluster by the communication and alarm system, and performing man-machine interaction by the user interaction system, the thermal runaway protection system for the energy storage battery realizes early warning of the thermal runaway process of the energy storage battery and wins more field disposal time for operation and maintenance personnel of the energy storage power station. Each part is described in detail below.
And the gas acquisition terminal is arranged above the battery module and used for monitoring the type and content of gas escaping from the interior of the battery when the battery is out of thermal control. The characteristic gas generated during the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery comprises CO and CO2、H2、HCl、HF、SO2And the like, and the gases are important indexes for judging the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery. In particular, gas collectionThe terminal uses a current output or voltage output type gas sensor to collect CO and CO above the battery cluster2、H2、HCl、HF、SO2Waiting for gas, the measuring range is not less than 1000ppm, the acquisition resolution reaches 0.5ppm, the maximum zero drift is less than 1ppm, and the response time is not more than 5 s. Fig. 2 shows a layout schematic diagram of a gas sensor of a lithium ion energy storage battery thermal runaway protection system based on distributed control, wherein the gas sensor is arranged above a battery module. The conversion process of the gas sensor is realized through a special gas concentration-voltage conversion circuit, the conversion circuit converts a gas concentration signal obtained by sensing a gas sensitive material into a voltage signal of 0-5V, the voltage signal and the gas concentration are in a linear positive correlation relationship, wherein 5V corresponds to the full-scale range of each sensor, 0V corresponds to the concentration of the gas and is zero, the linear regression coefficient is greater than 0.995, and the voltage signal digital quantity of different gas concentrations is reflected through A \ D conversion and IC output. Here, the voltage range of 0 to 5V and the linear regression coefficient of 0.995 are only exemplary functions.
And the signal processing unit is used for receiving the voltage signal output by the gas acquisition terminal, amplifying, filtering and the like the voltage signal, outputting a stable voltage signal and recalculating the voltage signal into a gas concentration value. The gas concentration is linearly related to the voltage, i.e. the voltage is multiplied by a coefficient determined by the gas concentration-voltage conversion circuit of the gas sensor, which is the concentration of the gas. The signal processing unit also provides an RS 485 communication interface.
The distributed fire extinguishing unit is installed between the battery cluster and the corresponding fire extinguishing device, collects voltage signals output by the signal acquisition device, and directly starts the nearby fire extinguishing device when the voltage signals exceed a preset threshold value. Preferably, the distributed fire extinguishing unit starts a nearby fire extinguishing device when the concentration of any gas is out of limit through the matching of the voltage comparator and the relay, so that the timeliness and the reliability of fire fighting actions are improved. The out-of-limit situations of a plurality of different gases can be processed through one circuit, and the gases are in a logical OR relationship, namely, fire extinguishment is started as long as one gas is out-of-limit; the concentration limits of the different gases differ, in general H2CO 50ppm, HCl, HF, SO220ppm of CO2Generally for reference, without taking part in the judgments and actions. FIG. 3 illustrates one example of out-of-limit determination and fire suppression enabled by a comparator and relay, wherein out-of-limit conditions for four gases are collected and fire suppression is enabled when any one of the gases is out-of-limit.
And the communication and alarm system is centrally installed on a control cabinet of the energy storage cabin and is used for collecting all gas concentration information and starting alarm when any gas concentration value in a certain battery cluster exceeds the limit. The communication and alarm system takes a microcomputer system as an operation and storage carrier, uses an RS 485 communication interface provided by the signal processing unit to acquire the actual concentration value converted by each battery cluster signal processing unit in real time, and can alarm in a short message and on-site acousto-optic mode when a certain value is out of limit.
The microcomputer system includes but is not limited to an industrial personal computer, an MCU (micro controller unit), a DSP (digital signal processor), an ARM (reduced instruction set processor) and/or an FPGA (field programmable logic array).
The user interaction system can perform grouping storage and real-time display of different battery gas concentrations and has the functions of historical record inquiry, information statistics and the like. The user interaction system uses general or special display and interaction equipment to complete the presentation of the historical curves, statistical information and alarm information of the gas concentrations.
The invention sprays the specific gas (CO, CO) before the lithium ion battery generates the thermal runaway accident2、H2、HCl、HF、SO2) As a direct basis for warning the battery state, a large number of experiments have previously demonstrated the relationship between the concentration change of these gases and the time when thermal runaway occurs. Compared with the voltage and surface temperature monitored by the traditional BMS, the invention does not need to install a sensor on each battery and does not need to match a complex SOC algorithm. Compared with a common smoke sensing scheme, the system only monitors specific gas, is more targeted, and has higher real-time performance and accuracy of early warning. The used sensor is only a gas concentration sensor, the network topology is simple, and the cost of the controller is lower.
According to another embodiment of the invention, a thermal runaway protection method for an energy storage battery is provided, which includes the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that a battery module is taken as a unit, and the type and concentration information of gas released inside a battery are collected in real time by a voltage output type gas sensor to obtain a voltage signal representing the concentration information of the gas;
amplifying and filtering the voltage signal output by the voltage output type gas sensor to obtain a stable voltage signal and recalculating to obtain a corresponding gas concentration value;
when the gas concentration value of any gas in a battery cluster containing a plurality of battery modules exceeds a preset gas concentration threshold value, sending an alarm signal;
and monitoring the voltage signal of the voltage output type gas sensor, and starting the fire extinguishing device when the voltage signal is larger than a preset voltage threshold value.
Specifically, the voltage output type gas sensor is arranged right above the battery module, and the gas sensitive material is used for collecting CO and CO released by the battery2、H2、HCl、HF、SO2And when the gas concentration reaches a certain value, triggering a gas concentration-voltage conversion circuit to convert a gas concentration signal into a voltage signal, wherein the voltage signal ranges from U1 to U2 (for example, 0 to 5V), 5V corresponds to the full scale of each sensor, and 0V corresponds to the concentration of the gas being zero. The signal processing unit amplifies and filters the voltage signal to obtain a stable voltage signal, and the voltage signal is converted into an actual gas concentration value again by means of the linear relation between the gas concentration and the voltage signal.
After the concentration values of the gases in each battery module are obtained, the gas concentration values can be transmitted to a communication and alarm system which takes a microcomputer system as an operation and storage carrier to be displayed in real time, the communication and alarm system compares the actual concentration value with a preset concentration threshold value, and when the concentration value of any gas in a battery cluster containing a plurality of battery modules is out of limit, an alarm is given in a short message and on-site acousto-optic mode.
The specific implementation mode of starting the fire extinguishing device can be as follows: and comparing a voltage signal converted by the gas acquisition device according to the gas concentration with a reference voltage by using a voltage comparator, and outputting a control signal to control the relay to be switched on and start the connected fire extinguishing device when the voltage signal is greater than the reference voltage.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.