CN110992804B - 3D printing method for physical specimen - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a 3D printing method of a physical specimen, which comprises the following steps: (1) performing antiseptic treatment, namely performing antiseptic treatment on the selected physical specimen; (2) carrying out anatomy manufacturing, namely manufacturing a required sample according to an anatomy map; (3) bleaching and washing, namely bleaching the specimen and then washing the specimen by using tap water; (4) trimming, trimming the dissected and prepared specimen; (5) scanning, namely scanning the specimen by using a 3D scanning tool; (6) processing the specimen image, namely trimming and synthesizing the scanned image by using a computer; (7) printing, utilizing the 3D printer to print the specimen. The invention takes a real biological specimen as a raw material to print the specimen, has complete shape and structure without change, strong sense of reality, simple process and short time; can be made of different materials in a large quantity, and solves the inconvenience brought to experimental teaching due to the shortage of the specimen in kind.

Description

3D printing method for physical specimen

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of specimen 3D printing, in particular to a physical specimen 3D printing method.

Background

At present, the section specimen that teaching, study are often used in the school has: plasticizing the specimen, soaking the specimen and manufacturing the model specimen by the carving mould.

The model specimen of the engraving mold has the advantages of simple structure, rigid size of the manufactured specimen, inflexibility, complex process and high cost. There is a certain deviation between the teaching and the real specimen, and the name of the real structure of the specimen cannot be displayed.

The preparation process of the soaked specimen is simple, the soaked specimen needs to be stored in a preservation solution, cannot be exposed in the air for a long time, is toxic and has pungent smell, and the position and the shape of the specimen cannot be intuitively felt by hands.

The plasticized specimen has the advantages of no toxicity, no odor, long-term preservation, convenient use, long-term preservation in air and the like. However, real human body materials are required to be used, so that a large number of teaching samples are limited to be manufactured and can be used for a small number of displays.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for 3D printing of a physical specimen, which aims to solve the problem that the manufacturing amount of the conventional plasticized specimen is limited.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: A3D printing method for a physical specimen comprises the following steps:

(1) performing antiseptic treatment, namely performing antiseptic treatment on the selected physical specimen;

(2) carrying out anatomy manufacturing, namely manufacturing a required sample according to an anatomy map;

(3) bleaching and washing, namely bleaching the specimen and then washing the specimen by using tap water;

(4) trimming, trimming the dissected and prepared specimen;

(5) scanning, namely scanning the specimen by using a 3D scanning tool;

(6) processing the specimen image, namely trimming and synthesizing the scanned image by using a computer;

(7) printing, utilizing the 3D printer to print the specimen.

Further, the specimen is a human specimen, a fish specimen, an amphibious specimen, a reptile specimen, a bird specimen or a mammal specimen.

Further, the physical specimen is selected from a heart specimen, the dissection manufacturing step comprises,

(2-1) material selection: biting ribs along the midline of the clavicles at two sides by using rongeur, cutting intercostal muscles by using a scalpel to open the chest wall, opening the pericardium, separating the pulmonary vein, the pulmonary artery, the superior vena cava, the inferior vena cava, the brachiocephalic trunk, the left subclavian artery and the left common carotid artery bluntly by using scissors, cutting off blood vessels by using the scalpel after separation is finished, and taking out the heart;

(2-2) removing superficial fascia on heart and blood vessel, keeping myocardium, left coronary artery, right coronary artery, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery and left common carotid artery, and trimming cleanly and tidily.

Further, the physical specimen is a liver specimen, the dissection manufacturing step comprises,

(2-1) material selection: cutting the abdominal wall along the axillary midline, cutting off the inferior vena cava, the hepatic portal vein, the hepatic artery, the common bile duct and the diaphragm with scissors, and taking out the liver;

(2-2) preparation: removing superficial fascia on liver and vascular wall, trimming cleanly and tidily, keeping 1 cm at liver edge, removing liver tissue along hepatic vein and hepatic portal vein, keeping hepatic vein and branch, and trimming cleanly and tidily hepatic portal vein and branch.

Further, the physical specimen is a left hip specimen, the dissection manufacturing step comprises,

(2-1) material selection: cutting off horizontally the third lumbar vertebra of abdomen above the pelvic region, cutting off horizontally the middle part of thigh below, cutting off completely, cutting off in the middle sagittal direction, dividing the pelvic region into two parts, and making hip anatomy structure with the left pelvic region;

(2-2) preparation: removing skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia and adipose tissue from buttocks to prepare gluteus maximus, incising the gluteus maximus, excising most gluteus maximus, and keeping one part of gluteus medius, piriformis, superior gluteal vascular nerve, inferior gluteal vascular nerve and sciatic nerve, and trimming.

Further, the preservative treatment process in the step (1) is that the specimen is perfused with formalin with the volume concentration of 15-20%, the formalin is permeated to each part of the specimen through a large blood vessel, and finally the specimen is soaked in formalin with the volume concentration of 10% for 3-4 months.

Further, the method comprises the following steps of (8) trimming the specimen, and trimming the printed specimen;

(9) coloring, using light red for muscles, yellow for nerves, bright red for arteries and blue for veins, and using a brush pen to paint the color according to the directions of muscle filaments, blood vessels and nerves, wherein the color is required to be uniform.

Further, the step (5) comprises (5-1) placing the specimen, observing the size, the hardness and the surface complexity of the specimen after the specimen is prepared, selecting a suspension mode or a mode of placing the specimen on a rotating platform according to the actual situation, selecting a mode of placing the specimen on the rotating platform for smaller and hard specimens, and selecting a suspension mode for larger or softer specimens;

(5-2) setting a scanner, and adjusting the angle and the distance between the industrial camera and the grating instrument to enable the angle and the distance to be in accordance with the scanning of the specimen of the current size; the grating instrument is connected with a computer, and then a calibration plate is installed for system calibration;

(5-3) starting scanning, wherein the scanner cannot be moved or the scanned sample cannot be moved when the scanner acquires data, and the turntable is rotated or the scanned sample is moved or the scanner is moved after the scanning is finished, so that the scanner can scan the next area until all angles are scanned; and splicing the three-dimensional point clouds into a complete three-dimensional model in an automatic and manual mode through software, generating a grid model with corresponding precision according to the setting, baking the texture obtained in the scanning process to the surface of the model, and then deriving a required model format.

Further, the step (6) comprises (6-1) of importing the scanned and output model into Maya or 3Dmax software for preliminary cleaning of useless data;

(6-2) outputting the cleaned three-dimensional data to Blender software to reconstruct a model cover and a grid;

(6-3) importing the reconstructed model into ZBursh software, and keeping the simple model topology of the fine model details;

(6-4) importing the topologically finished model into UVLayout software, and carrying out corresponding UV splitting and unfolding according to different samples;

(6-5) introducing the UV split model into Blender software again, and baking the texture and normal mapping;

(6-6) opening Photoshop software, opening and storing baked textures into a PSD format, importing the final model into 3Dmax software, giving materials, and taking a PSD file stored in the Photoshop software as a diffuse reflection map; the light and shade color difference defect of the map can be observed through rendering at any time, and corresponding adjustment is timely made in Photoshop software until the required model and the map are obtained.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the real biological specimen 3d printing method provided by the invention is used for printing the specimen by taking the real biological specimen as a raw material, has the advantages of complete shape and structure, strong sense of reality, simple process and short time, can be used for scanning and printing according to the specimen morphological structure at any time, can be used for mass production by utilizing different materials, is favorable for specimen observation in the later period, and is convenient for teachers to teach and students to learn. The current medical dissection materials are greatly saved, so that the inconvenience brought to experimental teaching due to the shortage of the specimen in kind is solved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a liver specimen according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a heart specimen according to example 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows a left hip specimen according to example 4 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Example 1:

A3D printing method for a physical specimen comprises the following steps:

(1) and (4) performing preservative treatment, namely selecting a complete, trauma-free and pathological change-free human body specimen and performing preservative treatment on the specimen.

The specimen was perfused with formalin of 15% by volume, and formalin was infiltrated into each part of the specimen through the great vessels (femoral artery, common carotid artery), and finally soaked in formalin of 10% by volume for 3 months.

(2) And (5) carrying out anatomy manufacturing, and manufacturing a required sample according to an anatomy map.

(2-1) taking materials, cutting the abdominal wall along the axillary midline, cutting off the inferior vena cava, the hepatic portal vein, the hepatic artery, the common bile duct and the diaphragm with scissors, and taking out the liver;

(2-2) removing superficial fascia on the liver and the vascular wall, trimming to be clean and tidy, reserving 1 cm at the edge of the liver, removing liver tissues along hepatic vein and hepatic portal vein, reserving the hepatic vein and branch, the hepatic portal vein and branch, and trimming to be clean and tidy.

(3) Bleaching and washing:

bleaching in 10 wt% hydrogen peroxide solution for 3 days to obtain white color, and washing with tap water for 2 days.

(4) Trimming, trimming the dissected and prepared specimen.

(5) And scanning, namely scanning the specimen by using a 3D scanning tool.

(5-1), placing the specimen, observing the size, the material hardness and the surface complexity of the specimen after preparing the specimen to be measured, selecting a suspension mode or a mode of placing the specimen on a rotating platform according to the actual situation, selecting a mode of placing the specimen on the rotating platform for small and hard specimens, and selecting a suspension mode for large or soft specimens. In this embodiment, the suspension mode is selected.

(5-2) setting a scanner, and adjusting the angle and the distance between the industrial camera and the grating instrument to enable the angle and the distance to be in accordance with the scanning of the specimen of the current size; and connecting a data line of the grating instrument with a power supply, then connecting the grating instrument with a computer, adjusting a lens to prepare for calibration, and then installing a calibration plate to calibrate the system.

(5-3) starting scanning, wherein the scanner cannot be moved or the scanned sample cannot be moved when the scanner acquires data, and the turntable is rotated or the scanned sample is moved or the scanner is moved after the scanning is finished, so that the scanner can scan the next area until all angles are scanned; and splicing the three-dimensional point clouds into a complete three-dimensional model in an automatic and manual mode through software, generating a grid model with corresponding precision according to the setting, baking the texture obtained in the scanning process to the surface of the model, then deriving a required model format, and finishing the three-dimensional scanning.

In this embodiment, an HDI three-dimensional scanner is used, and FlexScan3D Software scanner is used to perform three-dimensional scanning.

(6) And (4) processing the specimen image, and trimming and synthesizing the scanned image by using a computer.

(6-1), importing the scanned and output model into Maya or 3Dmax software to perform preliminary cleaning of useless data;

(6-2) outputting the cleaned three-dimensional data to Blender software to reconstruct a model cover and a grid;

(6-3) importing the reconstructed model into ZBursh software, and keeping the simple model topology of the fine model details;

(6-4) importing the topologically finished model into UVLayout software, and carrying out corresponding UV splitting and unfolding according to different samples;

(6-5) introducing the UV split model into Blender software again, and baking the texture and normal mapping;

(6-6) opening Photoshop software, opening and storing baked textures into a PSD format, importing the final model into 3Dmax software, giving materials, and taking a PSD file stored in the Photoshop software as a diffuse reflection map; at this point, Photoshop has formed a dynamic link with the texture editor at 3 Dmax. The defects of light and shade color difference and the like of the map can be observed through rendering at any time, corresponding adjustment is timely made in Photoshop software until the effect is satisfactory, and finally the model and the map required by people are obtained.

The post-scan image processing phase is now complete.

(7) Printing, utilizing the 3D printer to print the specimen.

The 3D printer adopts a wide-sea-area 3D HYG-1000 Jumbo industrial grade 3D printer.

Relevant parameters of the 3D printer:

the forming principle is as follows: melt build-up (FDM)

The size of the forming platform is as follows: 1000X 1200mm

Positioning accuracy: XY axes: 0.012mm

Printing precision: plus or minus 0.1mm

And (3) printing layer thickness: 0.1-0.6mm

Printing a spray head: a single spray head.

(8) And finishing the specimen, namely finishing the printed specimen.

(9) Coloring: the color of the muscle is light red, the color of the nerve is yellow, the color of the artery is bright red, the color of the vein is blue, and the color is uniform by using a brush pen according to the directions of muscle silk, blood vessels and nerves.

The above is a 3D printing method for a physical specimen, and actually, the following operations may be performed:

and (I) importing the finally qualified three-dimensional model and the mapping texture into three-dimensional publishing software, and publishing the three-dimensional model and the mapping texture into a universal three-dimensional PDF file after setting and adding the functions of rotation, scaling, translation, three-dimensional labeling, model tree, independent display and the like required by people. The user can add the camera page, the characters, the videos, the pictures, the voice and the like in the PDF again, and the method is very suitable for teaching and communication.

And (II) importing the finally qualified three-dimensional model and the mapping texture into a VR development engine, developing functions of rotation, zooming, translation, three-dimensional labeling, model tree, independent display and the like, and developing more real-time dynamic functions, such as beating of the heart while three-dimensional viewing, and viewing the blood flow trend in the atrium and ventricle by hiding part of heart tissues.

Example 2:

A3D printing method for a physical specimen comprises the following steps:

(1) and (4) performing antiseptic treatment, namely selecting complete human body specimens without trauma, fracture and disease, and performing antiseptic treatment on the human body specimens.

The specimen was perfused with 20% by volume formalin, and formalin was infiltrated into each part of the specimen through the great vessels (femoral artery, common carotid artery), and finally soaked in 10% by volume formalin for 3 months.

(2) And (5) carrying out anatomy manufacturing, and manufacturing a required sample according to an anatomy map.

(2-1) taking materials, cutting the abdominal wall along the axillary midline, cutting off the inferior vena cava, the hepatic portal vein, the hepatic artery, the common bile duct and the diaphragm with scissors, and taking out the liver;

(2-2) removing superficial fascia on the liver and the vascular wall, trimming to be clean and tidy, reserving 1 cm at the edge of the liver, removing liver tissues along hepatic vein and hepatic portal vein, reserving the hepatic vein and branch, the hepatic portal vein and branch, and trimming to be clean and tidy.

(3) Bleaching and washing:

bleaching in 10 wt% hydrogen peroxide solution for 3 days to obtain white product. Then rinsed with tap water for 3 days.

(4) Trimming, trimming the dissected and prepared specimen.

(5) And scanning, namely scanning the specimen by using a 3D scanning tool.

(5-1), placing the specimen, observing the size, the material hardness and the surface complexity of the specimen after preparing the specimen to be measured, selecting a suspension mode or a mode of placing the specimen on a rotating platform according to the actual situation, selecting a mode of placing the specimen on the rotating platform for small and hard specimens, and selecting a suspension mode for large or soft specimens. In this embodiment, the suspension mode is selected.

(5-2) setting a scanner, and adjusting the angle and the distance between the industrial camera and the grating instrument to enable the angle and the distance to be in accordance with the scanning of the specimen of the current size; and connecting a data line of the grating instrument with a power supply, then connecting the grating instrument with a computer, adjusting a lens to prepare for calibration, and then installing a calibration plate to calibrate the system.

(5-3) starting scanning, wherein the scanner cannot be moved or the scanned sample cannot be moved when the scanner acquires data, and the turntable is rotated or the scanned sample is moved or the scanner is moved after the scanning is finished, so that the scanner can scan the next area until all angles are scanned; and splicing the three-dimensional point clouds into a complete three-dimensional model in an automatic and manual mode through software, generating a grid model with corresponding precision according to the setting, baking the texture obtained in the scanning process to the surface of the model, then deriving a required model format, and finishing the three-dimensional scanning.

In this embodiment, an HDI three-dimensional scanner is used, and FlexScan3D Software scanner is used to perform three-dimensional scanning.

(6) And (4) processing the specimen image, and trimming and synthesizing the scanned image by using a computer.

(6-1), importing the scanned and output model into Maya or 3Dmax software to perform preliminary cleaning of useless data;

(6-2) outputting the cleaned three-dimensional data to Blender software to reconstruct a model cover and a grid;

(6-3) importing the reconstructed model into ZBursh software, and keeping the simple model topology of the fine model details;

(6-4) importing the topologically finished model into UVLayout software, and carrying out corresponding UV splitting and unfolding according to different samples;

(6-5) introducing the UV split model into Blender software again, and baking the texture and normal mapping;

(6-6) opening Photoshop software, opening and storing baked textures into a PSD format, importing the final model into 3Dmax software, giving materials, and taking a PSD file stored in the Photoshop software as a diffuse reflection map; at this point, Photoshop has formed a dynamic link with the texture editor at 3 Dmax. The defects of light and shade color difference and the like of the map can be observed through rendering at any time, corresponding adjustment is timely made in Photoshop software until the effect is satisfactory, and finally the model and the map required by people are obtained.

The post-scan image processing phase is now complete.

(7) Printing, utilizing the 3D printer to print the specimen.

(8) And finishing the specimen, namely finishing the printed specimen.

(9) Coloring: the color of the muscle is light red, the color of the nerve is yellow, the color of the artery is bright red, the color of the vein is blue, and the color is uniform by using a brush pen according to the directions of muscle silk, blood vessels and nerves.

Example 3:

the difference between the method for 3D printing of the physical specimen and the embodiment 1 is only the step (2), and in the embodiment, a human heart specimen is selected.

The dissection preparation comprises the following steps:

(2-1) material selection: biting ribs along the midline of the clavicles at two sides by using rongeur, cutting intercostal muscles by using a scalpel to open the chest wall, opening the pericardium, separating the pulmonary vein, the pulmonary artery, the superior vena cava, the inferior vena cava, the brachiocephalic trunk, the left subclavian artery and the left common carotid artery bluntly by using scissors, cutting off blood vessels by using the scalpel after separation is finished, and taking out the heart;

(2-2) preparation: removing superficial fascia on heart and blood vessel, and keeping myocardium, left coronary artery, right coronary artery, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery, and trimming cleanly and neatly.

Example 4:

the difference between the 3D printing method of the physical specimen and the embodiment 1 is only the step (2), and the selected sample is a left hip specimen of a human body in the embodiment.

The dissection preparation comprises the following steps:

(2-1) material selection: cutting off horizontally the third lumbar vertebra of abdomen above the pelvic region, cutting off horizontally the middle part of thigh below, cutting off completely, cutting off in the middle sagittal direction, dividing the pelvic region into two parts, and making hip anatomy structure with the left pelvic region;

(2-2) preparation: removing skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia and adipose tissue from buttocks to prepare gluteus maximus, incising the gluteus maximus, excising most gluteus maximus, and keeping one part of gluteus medius, piriformis, superior gluteal vascular nerve, inferior gluteal vascular nerve and sciatic nerve, and trimming.

In other embodiments, the selected physical specimen may be a human specimen, a fish, an amphibian, a reptile, a bird, or a mammalian specimen.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, and any other products in various forms can be obtained by anyone in the light of the present invention, but any changes in the shape or structure thereof, which have the same or similar technical solutions as those of the present application, fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A3D printing method for a physical specimen is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) performing antiseptic treatment, namely performing antiseptic treatment on the selected physical specimen;

(2) carrying out anatomy manufacturing, namely manufacturing a required sample according to an anatomy map;

the specimen selects a left hip specimen, the dissection manufacturing step comprises,

(2-1) material selection: cutting off horizontally the third lumbar vertebra of abdomen above the pelvic region, cutting off horizontally the middle part of thigh below, cutting off completely, cutting off in the middle sagittal direction, dividing the pelvic region into two parts, and making hip anatomy structure with the left pelvic region;

(2-2) preparation: removing skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia and adipose tissues from buttocks to prepare gluteus maximus, then incising the gluteus maximus, excising most gluteus maximus, keeping a part of gluteus maximus, displaying gluteus medius, piriformis, superior gluteal vascular nerve, inferior gluteal vascular nerve and sciatic nerve, and trimming;

(3) bleaching and washing, namely bleaching the specimen and then washing the specimen by using tap water;

(4) trimming, trimming the dissected and prepared specimen;

(5) scanning, namely scanning the specimen by using a 3D scanning tool; step (5), placing a specimen, observing the size, the material hardness and the surface complexity of the specimen after the specimen is prepared, and selecting a suspension mode for the specimen;

(5-2) setting a scanner, and adjusting the angle and the distance between the industrial camera and the grating instrument to enable the angle and the distance to be in accordance with the scanning of the specimen of the current size; the grating instrument is connected with a computer, and then a calibration plate is installed for system calibration;

(5-3) starting scanning, wherein the scanner cannot be moved or the scanned sample cannot be moved when the scanner acquires data, and the turntable is rotated or the scanned sample is moved or the scanner is moved after the scanning is finished, so that the scanner can scan the next area until all angles are scanned; splicing the three-dimensional point clouds into a complete three-dimensional model in an automatic and manual mode through software, generating a grid model with corresponding precision according to setting, baking textures obtained in the scanning process to the surface of the model, and then deriving a required model format;

(6) processing the specimen image, namely trimming and synthesizing the scanned image by using a computer;

step (6) comprises (6-1), importing the scanned and output model into Maya or 3Dmax software to carry out preliminary cleaning of useless data;

(6-2) outputting the cleaned three-dimensional data to Blender software to reconstruct a model cover and a grid;

(6-3) importing the reconstructed model into ZBursh software, and keeping the simple model topology of the fine model details;

(6-4) importing the topologically finished model into UVLayout software, and carrying out corresponding UV splitting and unfolding according to different samples;

(6-5) introducing the UV split model into Blender software again, and baking the texture and normal mapping;

(6-6) opening Photoshop software, opening and storing baked textures into a PSD format, importing the final model into 3Dmax software, giving materials, and taking a PSD file stored in the Photoshop software as a diffuse reflection map; the light and shade color difference defect of the map can be observed through rendering at any time, and corresponding adjustment is made in Photoshop software in time until a needed model and the map are obtained;

(7) printing, utilizing the 3D printer to print the specimen.

2. The method for 3D printing of the physical specimen according to claim 1, wherein: the preservative treatment process in the step (1) is that formalin with the volume concentration of 15-20% is used for perfusing the specimen, the formalin is permeated to each part of the specimen through a large blood vessel, and finally the specimen is soaked in formalin with the volume concentration of 10% for 3-4 months.

3. The method for 3D printing of the physical specimen according to claim 1, wherein: the method also comprises the following steps of,

(8) trimming the specimen, namely trimming the printed specimen;

(9) coloring, using light red for muscles, yellow for nerves, bright red for arteries and blue for veins, and using a brush pen to paint the color according to the directions of muscle filaments, blood vessels and nerves, wherein the color is required to be uniform.

Images