技术领域Technical field
本发明属于区块链技术领域，并特别涉及一种基于链外通道路由评价机制的区块链通量提高方法及系统。The invention belongs to the field of blockchain technology, and particularly relates to a method and system for improving blockchain throughput based on an off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism.
背景技术Background technique
区块链以其分布式、公开透明、安全等特性使得人们可以在互联网上方便快捷、低成本地进行价值交换，是实现价值互联网的基石。区块链自中本聪提出比特币以来(2008)得到了快速应用，最初，区块链技术主要应用在数字货币领域，多种类比特币的数字货币被不断提出，例如莱特币、达世币等；随后，承载着各种功能的区块链平台也应运而生，如智能合约平台以太坊、企业级区块链解决方案Hyperledger Fabric等。国际上掀起了区块链应用和研究的热潮，25家大型银行，其中包括摩根大通、瑞士信贷、美国银行、法国兴业银行宣布支持R3，旨在制定区块链标准和协议，带动金融业更多地采用分布式总账这种技术。Blockchain, with its characteristics of distribution, openness, transparency, and security, allows people to exchange value conveniently, quickly, and at low cost on the Internet. It is the cornerstone of realizing the Internet of Value. Blockchain has been rapidly applied since Satoshi Nakamoto proposed Bitcoin (2008). Initially, blockchain technology was mainly used in the field of digital currency. Various digital currencies like Bitcoin were constantly proposed, such as Litecoin and Dash. etc. Subsequently, blockchain platforms carrying various functions also emerged, such as the smart contract platform Ethereum, the enterprise-level blockchain solution Hyperledger Fabric, etc. There has been an international upsurge in blockchain application and research. 25 large banks, including JPMorgan Chase, Credit Suisse, Bank of America, and Societe Generale, have announced their support for R3, which aims to develop blockchain standards and protocols and drive a better financial industry. Distributed ledger technology is used in many places.
诸多领域均在探索区块链应用落地的可行性，然而现有区块链应用的成功案例局限在低频交易场景中，面对高频交易场景，区块链通量严重不足。因此，提高区块链通量已经成为当今区块链应用的迫切需求。Many fields are exploring the feasibility of blockchain applications. However, existing successful cases of blockchain applications are limited to low-frequency trading scenarios. In the face of high-frequency trading scenarios, blockchain throughput is seriously insufficient. Therefore, improving blockchain throughput has become an urgent need for today’s blockchain applications.
以金融、物联网领域为例，在金融领域中，现阶段支付宝平均每秒处理交易1000笔，峰值时达到了25.6万笔；微信平均每秒处理交易7000笔，峰值时达到了76万笔；在物联网领域中，菜鸟快递平均每秒处理订单300笔，峰值3200笔；能源互联网平均每秒处理交易500笔，峰值2000笔。而与之对应在区块链领域，比特币平均每秒只能处理3.5笔交易，(以“系统每秒钟处理的交易数量”衡量区块链的通量，即Transaction per second，下文以TPS指代，比特币理论TPS可达到7)，以太坊平均每秒只能处理15笔交易。随着比特币、以太坊交易量的飙升，链上交易拥堵日益显现，比特币未确认交易数最高在19万笔左右，以太坊目前仍有6万多笔待确认的交易，拥堵使得区块链网络内的交易费变得昂贵，比特币拥堵时单笔交易手续费可达162美元，拥堵严重时甚至会使交易执行失败。Take the fields of finance and the Internet of Things as examples. In the financial field, Alipay currently processes an average of 1,000 transactions per second, reaching a peak of 256,000; WeChat processes an average of 7,000 transactions per second, reaching a peak of 760,000; In the field of Internet of Things, Cainiao Express processes an average of 300 orders per second, with a peak of 3,200; Energy Internet processes an average of 500 transactions per second, with a peak of 2,000. Correspondingly, in the blockchain field, Bitcoin can only process an average of 3.5 transactions per second (the throughput of the blockchain is measured by "the number of transactions processed by the system per second", that is, Transaction per second, below, TPS It means that Bitcoin’s theoretical TPS can reach 7), while Ethereum can only process an average of 15 transactions per second. As the transaction volume of Bitcoin and Ethereum soars, transaction congestion on the chain is becoming increasingly apparent. The highest number of unconfirmed transactions in Bitcoin is around 190,000, and Ethereum still has more than 60,000 transactions to be confirmed. The congestion has caused the block Transaction fees within the chain network have become expensive. When Bitcoin is congested, a single transaction fee can reach $162. When congestion is severe, transaction execution may even fail.
目前，国内外的研究中，提高区块链通量的方案主要分为链上扩容和链外扩容两种。链上(on-chain)扩容是指通过优化、改进区块链的基本协议提升可扩展性，其包含的方案也比较多样，主要体现在三个层面：网络层、共识层和数据层。链上扩容大多效果有限，而且扩容升级过程会造成硬分叉，分片虽然可以显著提高吞吐量，但是会降低主链安全性，且协议十分复杂，目前还不完备。试图在公链系统上实现底层协议的大幅更替，将面临技术和社区的双重压力。链外(off-chain)扩容方案主要包括链外通道和侧链方案，侧链是指与主链平行的链，这些链可以有自己的共识机制，不需要和主链的共识机制相同，侧链并不是完全独立的，它们最终还是依赖主链做最终的结算；链外通道具备即时终结性和交易隐私性，可以最小化链上操作，链外通道方案在多个公链均已落地，受到广泛关注。At present, in domestic and foreign research, solutions to improve blockchain throughput are mainly divided into two types: on-chain expansion and off-chain expansion. On-chain expansion refers to improving scalability by optimizing and improving the basic protocols of the blockchain. It includes a variety of solutions, mainly reflected in three levels: network layer, consensus layer and data layer. Most of the effects of on-chain expansion are limited, and the expansion and upgrade process will cause hard forks. Although sharding can significantly improve throughput, it will reduce the security of the main chain, and the protocol is very complex and is not yet complete. Trying to achieve a substantial replacement of the underlying protocol on a public chain system will face dual pressures from technology and the community. Off-chain expansion solutions mainly include off-chain channels and side chain solutions. Side chains refer to chains that are parallel to the main chain. These chains can have their own consensus mechanisms and do not need to be the same as the consensus mechanism of the main chain. Chains are not completely independent. They ultimately rely on the main chain for final settlement; off-chain channels have instant finality and transaction privacy, which can minimize on-chain operations. Off-chain channel solutions have been implemented in multiple public chains. Widespread concern.
现有链外支付通道项目主要有闪电网络和雷电网络。闪电网络的提出是为了解决比特币网络的可扩展性问题，使用哈希时间锁合约进行安全、可即时确认的链外交易。雷电网络是以太坊的链外扩容方案之一，设计原理与闪电网络相似，智能合约为以太坊的链外支付通道的设计带来了便利。闪电网络与雷电网络均已上线主网，但都面临通道路径发现策略滞后、维护通道平衡策略不足的问题，学术界针对通道路由协议的设计与研究从未停止，但是，缺乏路由评价机制，无法对不同侧重的路由协议进行比较。Existing off-chain payment channel projects mainly include Lightning Network and Raiden Network. The Lightning Network was proposed to solve the scalability problem of the Bitcoin network and uses hash time-lock contracts for secure, instantly confirmable off-chain transactions. The Raiden Network is one of Ethereum's off-chain expansion solutions. The design principle is similar to the Lightning Network. Smart contracts bring convenience to the design of Ethereum's off-chain payment channels. Both the Lightning Network and the Raiden Network have been launched on the main network, but they both face the problems of lagging channel path discovery strategies and insufficient maintenance of channel balance strategies. The design and research of channel routing protocols in academia has never stopped. However, due to the lack of routing evaluation mechanism, it is impossible to Compare routing protocols with different emphases.
现有技术实现了支付通道网络新的路由选择算法，提出了容量锁定概念，提高了支付过程的并发度。针对闪电网络中的多跳支付过程进行了路径优化研究，利用线性规划的方法平衡节点多通道之间的支付余额，使得多跳支付路径缩短，提高支付效率，降低支付费用。针对闪电网络存在的并发性和隐私性问题进行研究，提出了两个闪电网络协议Fulgor和Rayo。Fulgor和Rayo的核心是多跳哈希时间锁(Multi-Hop HTLC)，提供有条件的支付功能，同时减少了运行时间和通信开销。Fulgor是一个可证明隐私性的、与比特币的脚本系统兼容的闪电网络支付协议，Fulgor是一个阻塞协议，因此与当前可用的闪电网络一样容易出现并发支付死锁的问题。相反，Rayo是闪电网络的第一个非阻塞的、强制执行的协议，中的实验表明，经过10个中间用户的支付通道只需要5秒，从而证明了这两个协议的可行性。研究了闪电网络中的支付通道的匿名性方法，提出的方法在保证安全性、隐私性和即时性的同时，减少了支付网络的负载，该文提出了三种类型的支付通道，包括引入不可信的第三方，这些方法可以通过通用技术方便的构建。目前该方法并没有支持多方之间支付通道匿名性，并且，当发生争议时，需要向网络公开支付通道中的余额状态，这也是有悖匿名的初衷的。The existing technology implements a new routing algorithm for payment channel networks, proposes the concept of capacity locking, and improves the concurrency of the payment process. We conducted path optimization research on the multi-hop payment process in the Lightning Network, using linear programming methods to balance the payment balances between multiple channels of nodes, shortening the multi-hop payment path, improving payment efficiency, and reducing payment fees. To study the concurrency and privacy issues existing in the Lightning Network, two Lightning Network protocols Fulgor and Rayo were proposed. The core of Fulgor and Rayo is Multi-Hop Hash Time Lock (Multi-Hop HTLC), which provides conditional payment functions while reducing running time and communication overhead. Fulgor is a provably private Lightning Network payment protocol that is compatible with Bitcoin’s scripting system. Fulgor is a blocking protocol and therefore prone to the same concurrent payment deadlock issues as currently available Lightning Networks. In contrast, experiments in Rayo, the first non-blocking, enforceable protocol for the Lightning Network, show that a payment channel through 10 intermediate users only takes 5 seconds, thus proving the feasibility of both protocols. This paper studies the anonymity method of payment channels in the Lightning Network. The proposed method reduces the load of the payment network while ensuring security, privacy and immediacy. The article proposes three types of payment channels, including the introduction of inaccessible payment channels. Trust third parties, these methods can be easily constructed using common technologies. Currently, this method does not support the anonymity of payment channels between multiple parties, and when a dispute occurs, the balance status in the payment channel needs to be disclosed to the network, which is also contrary to the original intention of anonymity.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于解决区块链链外通道路由评价基准缺失导致区块链通量难以提高的问题，在区块链架构和链外通道核心协议之上，基于链外通道路由协议，基于影响链外通道路由选择的多个因素，提出了通道路由权重评价方法，统一了通道路由评价机制，提供了通道路由路径量化比较标准，基于此标准可有效实现区块链系统通量提升。The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem that the blockchain throughput is difficult to improve due to the lack of evaluation benchmarks for off-chain channel routing. Based on the blockchain architecture and the off-chain channel core protocol, based on the off-chain channel routing protocol, based on the impact Considering the multiple factors of off-chain channel routing selection, a channel routing weight evaluation method is proposed, which unifies the channel routing evaluation mechanism and provides a quantitative comparison standard for channel routing paths. Based on this standard, the throughput of the blockchain system can be effectively improved.
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提出一种基于链外通道路由评价机制的区块链通量提高方法，其特征在于，包括：In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention proposes a method for improving blockchain throughput based on an off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism, which is characterized by including:
步骤1、获取链外通道的拓扑信息表，并根据多跳链外交易请求，构造多跳链外交易数据包和交易结构；Step 1. Obtain the topology information table of the off-chain channel, and construct the multi-hop off-chain transaction data package and transaction structure according to the multi-hop off-chain transaction request;
步骤2、从该拓扑信息表中筛选出用于完成该多跳链外交易请求的全部路径，构建路径列表，并通过链外通道路由评价机制为路径进行打分，根据打分结果对路径列表中各路径进行排序，得到排序列表；Step 2: Filter out all paths used to complete the multi-hop off-chain transaction request from the topology information table, construct a path list, score the paths through the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism, and evaluate each path in the path list based on the scoring results. Sort the paths to get a sorted list;
步骤3、根据该排序列表，进行多跳链外交易将该多跳链外交易数据包传输至交易接收方，完成该多跳链外交易请求。Step 3: According to the sorted list, perform a multi-hop off-chain transaction, transmit the multi-hop off-chain transaction data packet to the transaction recipient, and complete the multi-hop off-chain transaction request.
所述的基于链外通道路由评价机制的区块链通量提高方法，其特征在于，该链外通道路由评价机制包括：路径长度、节点负载、节点历史服务质量和通道平衡因子。The blockchain throughput improvement method based on the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism is characterized in that the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism includes: path length, node load, node historical service quality and channel balance factor.
所述的基于链外通道路由评价机制的区块链通量提高方法，其特征在于，该步骤2包括通过下式为该路径列表中各路径进行打分：The blockchain throughput improvement method based on the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism is characterized in that step 2 includes scoring each path in the path list through the following formula:
Weight Evaluation Formula＝μ1*α+μ2*β+μ3*γ+μ4*δWeight Evaluation Formula＝μ1 *α+μ2 *β+μ3 *γ+μ4 *δ
其中有，μ1+μ2+μ3+μ4＝1Among them, μ1 + μ2 + μ3 + μ4 = 1
α表示该路径长度，β表示该节点负载，γ表示该节点历史服务质量，δ表示通道平衡因子，符号μ1～μ4表示各因素的影响因子。α represents the length of the path, β represents the load of the node, γ represents the historical service quality of the node, δ represents the channel balance factor, and the symbols μ1 to μ4 represent the influence factors of each factor.
所述的基于链外通道路由评价机制的区块链通量提高方法，其特征在于，该拓扑信息表包括：通道连通图、通道押金、通道双方地址、通道余额、通道当前负载和通道历史服务情况。The described blockchain throughput improvement method based on the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism is characterized in that the topology information table includes: channel connectivity graph, channel deposit, addresses of both channels, channel balance, channel current load and channel historical services Condition.
所述的基于链外通道路由评价机制的区块链通量提高方法，其特征在于，该通道平衡因子用于衡量通道失衡情况，取值＞＝0；且该通道平衡因子的具体求解过程为：The described blockchain throughput improvement method based on the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism is characterized in that the channel balance factor is used to measure channel imbalance, with a value >= 0; and the specific solution process of the channel balance factor is: :
在t时刻，有金额为v的多跳链外交易需要由节点A经过其邻居节点{ai|ai∈SA}到达目的节点，SA为A的邻居节点中可达目的节点的集合；At time t, a multi-hop off-chain transaction with an amount of v needs to go from node A to the destination node through its neighbor node {ai |ai ∈ SA }, where SA is the set of reachable destination nodes among A’s neighbor nodes. ;
根据从节点A与邻居ai(ai∈SA)之间的通道建立至t时刻，A向ai转移的资金总量/>ai向A转移的资金总量/>在t时刻，通道/>中A节点余额/>通过下式得到：According to the channel between slave node A and neighbor ai (ai ∈SA ) From establishment to time t, the total amount of funds transferred from A to ai /> The total amount of funds transferred from ai to A/> At time t, channel/> Medium A node balance/> Obtained by the following formula:
t时刻，对于A节点而言，通道的通道平衡因子为：At time t, for node A, the channel The channel balance factor is:
A节点选择通道平衡因子最小的可达通道作为其转发该多跳交易的方向，并依据通道平衡因子从小到大的顺序给出其转发该交易的通道选择优先级。Node A selects the reachable channel with the smallest channel balance factor as the direction in which it forwards the multi-hop transaction, and gives the channel selection priority for forwarding the transaction based on the channel balance factor in ascending order.
本发明还提出了一种基于链外通道路由评价机制的区块链通量提高系统，其特征在于，包括：The present invention also proposes a blockchain throughput improvement system based on an off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism, which is characterized by including:
模块1、获取链外通道的拓扑信息表，并根据多跳链外交易请求，构造多跳链外交易数据包和交易结构；Module 1: Obtain the topology information table of the off-chain channel, and construct the multi-hop off-chain transaction data package and transaction structure according to the multi-hop off-chain transaction request;
模块2、从该拓扑信息表中筛选出用于完成该多跳链外交易请求的全部路径，构建路径列表，并通过链外通道路由评价机制为路径进行打分，根据打分结果对路径列表中各路径进行排序，得到排序列表；Module 2: Filter out all paths used to complete the multi-hop off-chain transaction request from the topology information table, construct a path list, score the paths through the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism, and evaluate each path in the path list based on the scoring results. Sort the paths to get a sorted list;
模块3、根据该排序列表，进行多跳链外交易将该多跳链外交易数据包传输至交易接收方，完成该多跳链外交易请求。Module 3: Perform multi-hop off-chain transactions based on the sorted list, transmit the multi-hop off-chain transaction data packets to the transaction recipient, and complete the multi-hop off-chain transaction request.
所述的基于链外通道路由评价机制的区块链通量提高系统，其特征在于，该链外通道路由评价机制包括：路径长度、节点负载、节点历史服务质量和通道平衡因子。The blockchain throughput improvement system based on the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism is characterized in that the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism includes: path length, node load, node historical service quality and channel balance factor.
所述的基于链外通道路由评价机制的区块链通量提高系统，其特征在于，该模块2包括通过下式为该路径列表中各路径进行打分：The blockchain throughput improvement system based on the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism is characterized in that the module 2 includes scoring each path in the path list through the following formula:
Weight Evaluation Formula＝μ1*α+μ2*β+μ3*γ+μ4*δWeight Evaluation Formula＝μ1 *α+μ2 *β+μ3 *γ+μ4 *δ
其中有，μ1+μ2+μ3+μ4＝1Among them, μ1 + μ2 + μ3 + μ4 = 1
α表示该路径长度，β表示该节点负载，γ表示该节点历史服务质量，δ表示通道平衡因子，符号μ1～μ4表示各因素的影响因子。α represents the length of the path, β represents the load of the node, γ represents the historical service quality of the node, δ represents the channel balance factor, and the symbols μ1 to μ4 represent the influence factors of each factor.
所述的基于链外通道路由评价机制的区块链通量提高系统，其特征在于，该拓扑信息表包括：通道连通图、通道押金、通道双方地址、通道余额、通道当前负载和通道历史服务情况。The described blockchain throughput improvement system based on the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism is characterized in that the topology information table includes: channel connectivity diagram, channel deposit, addresses of both channels, channel balance, channel current load and channel historical services Condition.
所述的基于链外通道路由评价机制的区块链通量提高系统，其特征在于，该通道平衡因子用于衡量通道失衡情况，取值＞＝0；且该通道平衡因子的具体求解过程为：The described blockchain throughput improvement system based on the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism is characterized in that the channel balance factor is used to measure channel imbalance, with a value >= 0; and the specific solution process of the channel balance factor is: :
在t时刻，有金额为v的多跳链外交易需要由节点A经过其邻居节点{ai|ai∈SA}到达目的节点，SA为A的邻居节点中可达目的节点的集合；At time t, a multi-hop off-chain transaction with an amount of v needs to go from node A to the destination node through its neighbor node {ai |ai ∈ SA }, where SA is the set of reachable destination nodes among A’s neighbor nodes. ;
根据从节点A与邻居ai(ai∈SA)之间的通道建立至t时刻，A向ai转移的资金总量/>ai向A转移的资金总量/>在t时刻，通道/>中A节点余额通过下式得到：According to the channel between slave node A and neighbor ai (ai ∈SA ) From establishment to time t, the total amount of funds transferred from A to ai /> The total amount of funds transferred from ai to A/> At time t, channel/> Node balance in A Obtained by the following formula:
t时刻，对于A节点而言，通道的通道平衡因子为：At time t, for node A, the channel The channel balance factor is:
A节点选择通道平衡因子最小的可达通道作为其转发该多跳交易的方向，并依据通道平衡因子从小到大的顺序给出其转发该交易的通道选择优先级。Node A selects the reachable channel with the smallest channel balance factor as the direction in which it forwards the multi-hop transaction, and gives the channel selection priority for forwarding the transaction based on the channel balance factor in ascending order.
由以上方案可知，本发明的优点在于：It can be seen from the above solutions that the advantages of the present invention are:
当前主流的区块链链外扩容方案中，相关研究主要集中在侧链、链外状态通道等解决方案中。比特币、以太坊等公链上均已落地了相应的链外通道，已有项目普遍存在链外通道路由协议滞后的问题，学术界已提出了多种路由协议，以期解决路由协议滞后的问题，但是，路由协议评价基准的缺失造成路由协议间无法进行比较。路由协议设计之时各有侧重，对同样的通道拓扑和应用场景，不同的路由协议可能会设计出不同的路径发现策略，目前缺乏对路由算法的高效性、有效性、可用性、隐私性等方面的统一的衡量机制。本发明提出了影响通道路由选择的几点因素，并总结出通道路由影响因素的权重评价公式，可调参数的权重评价公式，可以在对路由算法有某方面的需求时，自主调节影响路由因素的权重占比，利用统一的权重评价共识，对比待选的路由算法，为采用某种路由协议，提供有力的理论依据。Among the current mainstream off-chain blockchain expansion solutions, relevant research mainly focuses on solutions such as side chains and off-chain status channels. Corresponding off-chain channels have been implemented on public chains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. Existing projects generally have the problem of lagging routing protocols in off-chain channels. The academic community has proposed a variety of routing protocols in order to solve the problem of lagging routing protocols. , however, the lack of routing protocol evaluation benchmarks makes it impossible to compare routing protocols. Each routing protocol has its own focus when designing. For the same channel topology and application scenarios, different routing protocols may design different path discovery strategies. Currently, there is a lack of understanding of the efficiency, effectiveness, usability, and privacy of routing algorithms. a unified measurement mechanism. The present invention proposes several factors that affect channel routing selection, and summarizes the weight evaluation formula of the influencing factors of channel routing, and the weight evaluation formula of adjustable parameters, which can independently adjust the factors that affect routing when there is a certain demand for the routing algorithm. The weight proportion is used to evaluate the consensus using a unified weight and compare the routing algorithms to be selected to provide a strong theoretical basis for adopting a certain routing protocol.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明多跳通道交易执行流程图。Figure 1 is a multi-hop channel transaction execution flow chart of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
发明人在进行通道路由研究时，发现现有通道解决方案在基础功能稳定后才将考虑完善路由协议，以期优化路径发现和促进通道平衡。近年来，学术界有许多通道路由相关的论文，提出了各有侧重的路由算法。When conducting channel routing research, the inventor found that existing channel solutions will consider improving the routing protocol only after the basic functions are stable, in order to optimize path discovery and promote channel balance. In recent years, there have been many papers related to channel routing in the academic community, and routing algorithms with different focuses have been proposed.
但是，通道路由协议目前主要面临的问题是缺乏通道路由的评价机制：通道路由算法在设计时需要考虑诸多方面，如路由机制的去中心化程度，Celer网络利用中心化的路由节点来保证快速的路径发现和通道平衡，但是有潜在的单点攻击问题，需要对中心化节点的信任，将带来新的信任问题。设计通道路由算法需要考虑的方面还包括路由算法的效率、延迟、隐私性等。However, the main problem currently faced by channel routing protocols is the lack of an evaluation mechanism for channel routing: many aspects need to be considered when designing channel routing algorithms, such as the degree of decentralization of the routing mechanism. The Celer network uses centralized routing nodes to ensure fast Path discovery and channel balancing, but there are potential single point attacks, which require trust in centralized nodes, which will bring new trust issues. Aspects that need to be considered when designing a channel routing algorithm include the efficiency, delay, and privacy of the routing algorithm.
发明人经过对现有通道路由技术的研究，发现路由协议的评价基准缺失。本发明提出了通道路由协议的评价机制，通过4种影响路由选择的因素及其权重评价，为不同的通道路由算法提供评价基准，便于比较不同链外路由算法间的优劣。After researching existing channel routing technologies, the inventor found that there is a lack of evaluation benchmarks for routing protocols. The present invention proposes an evaluation mechanism for channel routing protocols. Through four factors that affect routing selection and their weight evaluation, it provides an evaluation benchmark for different channel routing algorithms and facilitates comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of different off-chain routing algorithms.
本发明所涉及的链外通道路由评价机制，适用于在相似通道拓扑、节点性能、网络环境等背景下，对不同路由协议进行比较。The off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism involved in the present invention is suitable for comparing different routing protocols in the context of similar channel topology, node performance, network environment, etc.
通道路由协议涉及的三类角色主要有：1.交易发送方；2.多跳交易的转发节点，亦称为中间节点；3.交易接收方。交易发送方初始化链外请求，中间节点对没有直连通道的交易双方进行多跳交易的转发，中间节点不仅需要转发交易请求，亦需要涉及到资金的锁定、解锁等过程，交易接收方最终接收到交易发送方转移的状态，并执行正确的状态转移，即认为一笔链外交易请求成功。The three main types of roles involved in the channel routing protocol are: 1. Transaction sender; 2. Multi-hop transaction forwarding node, also known as intermediate node; 3. Transaction receiver. The transaction sender initializes an off-chain request, and the intermediate node forwards the multi-hop transaction to the transaction parties without a direct connection channel. The intermediate node not only needs to forward the transaction request, but also involves the locking and unlocking of funds. The transaction receiver finally receives To the state transferred by the transaction sender and perform the correct state transfer, an off-chain transaction request is considered successful.
本发明主要包括以下两个部分：The invention mainly includes the following two parts:
(1)影响通道路由选择的因素(1) Factors affecting channel routing selection
1.路径长度：路由算法针对多跳通道请求所涉及的可用路径的路径长度。1. Path length: The path length of the available paths involved in the routing algorithm for multi-hop channel requests.
2.节点负载：多跳通道请求中，中间节点的待处理队列的长度，或者其他衡量节点负载的值。进行路由选择时，优先选择节点负载低的节点。2. Node load: In multi-hop channel requests, the length of the pending queue of the intermediate node, or other values that measure node load. When making routing selection, nodes with low node load are given priority.
3.节点历史服务质量评分：可用路径中，备选中间节点历史服务状况作为路由稳定性的评价辅助，若当前节点有诸如离线、不响应、资金不足等情况，当前节点的历史服务质量评分将会受到削减。进行路由选择时，优先选择历史服务质量评分高的节点。3. Node historical service quality score: In the available paths, the historical service status of the alternative intermediate node is used as an evaluation aid for routing stability. If the current node is offline, unresponsive, insufficient funds, etc., the historical service quality score of the current node will be will be subject to cuts. When selecting routes, nodes with high historical service quality scores are given priority.
4.通道平衡因子：通道平衡因子用来衡量通道失衡情况，取值＞＝0。通道失衡情况越严重(双向转移资金量差值的绝对值越大)，通道平衡因子越接近0或数值越大。反之，通道越平衡(双向转移资金量差值的绝对值越小)，通道平衡因子越接近1。在进行路由选择时，优先选择通道平衡因子最小的可达通道。可达通道为经过该通道有到达目的节点的路径，并且所经过通道均余额充足。4. Channel balance factor: The channel balance factor is used to measure channel imbalance, and the value is ＞=0. The more serious the channel imbalance is (the greater the absolute value of the difference in the amount of funds transferred in both directions), the closer the channel balance factor is to 0 or the larger the value. On the contrary, the more balanced the channel is (the smaller the absolute value of the difference in the amount of funds transferred in both directions), the closer the channel balance factor is to 1. When selecting routes, the reachable channel with the smallest channel balance factor is given priority. A reachable channel means that there is a path to the destination node through this channel, and all channels passed by have sufficient balance.
具体而言：in particular:
在t时刻，有金额为v的多跳链外交易需要由节点A经过其邻居节点{ai|ai∈SA}到达目的节点，SA为A的邻居节点中可达目的节点的集合；At time t, a multi-hop off-chain transaction with an amount of v needs to go from node A to the destination node through its neighbor node {ai |ai ∈ SA }, where SA is the set of reachable destination nodes among A’s neighbor nodes. ;
根据从节点A与邻居ai(ai∈SA)之间的通道建立至t时刻，A向ai转移的资金总量/>ai向A转移的资金总量/>在t时刻，通道/>中A节点余额/>通过下式得到：According to the channel between slave node A and neighbor ai (ai ∈SA ) From establishment to time t, the total amount of funds transferred from A to ai /> The total amount of funds transferred from ai to A/> At time t, channel/> Medium A node balance/> Obtained by the following formula:
t时刻，对于A节点而言，通道的通道平衡因子为：At time t, for node A, the channel The channel balance factor is:
A节点选择通道平衡因子最小的可达通道作为其转发该多跳交易的方向，并依据通道平衡因子从小到大的顺序给出其转发该交易的通道选择优先级。Node A selects the reachable channel with the smallest channel balance factor as the direction in which it forwards the multi-hop transaction, and gives the channel selection priority for forwarding the transaction based on the channel balance factor in ascending order.
(2)通道路由影响因素的权重评价方法(2) Weight evaluation method of factors affecting channel routing
用符号d表示路径长度，符号β表示节点负载情况，符号γ表示节点历史服务质量评分，符号δ表示通道平衡因子，符号μ1～μ4表示各个因素的影响因子，通道路由影响因素的权重评价公式为：The symbol d represents the path length, the symbol β represents the node load, the symbol γ represents the node historical service quality score, the symbol δ represents the channel balance factor, the symbols μ1 to μ4 represent the influencing factors of each factor, and the weight evaluation of the influencing factors of channel routing. The formula is:
Weight Evaluation Formula＝μ1*α+μ2*β+μ3*γ+μ4*δWeight Evaluation Formula＝μ1 *α+μ2 *β+μ3 *γ+μ4 *δ
其中有，μ1+μ2+μ3+μ4＝1Among them, μ1 + μ2 + μ3 + μ4 = 1
使用权重评价公式前，只需要对各影响因素的因子进行统一，然后就可以对不同的路由协议，进行路径发现效果的评价了。Before using the weight evaluation formula, you only need to unify the influencing factors, and then you can evaluate the path discovery effects of different routing protocols.
为让本发明的上述特征和效果能阐述的更明确易懂，下文特举实施例，并配合说明书附图作详细说明如下。In order to make the above-mentioned features and effects of the present invention more clear and understandable, examples are given below and are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
本发明可以用在以下场景：如，针对不同路由协议，提供切实的评价基准，根据系统对路由算法的需求，指定路由影响因素的影响因子，便于对路由协议进行比较。亦可使用在设计路由协议时，根据权重评价公式，对可用路径列表进行排序，更优的路径进行更高优先级的尝试。下面以第二种使用场景为实施例，介绍本发明的具体实施方式。The present invention can be used in the following scenarios: for example, providing practical evaluation benchmarks for different routing protocols, specifying influencing factors of routing factors according to the system's requirements for routing algorithms, and facilitating comparison of routing protocols. It can also be used to sort the list of available paths according to the weight evaluation formula when designing routing protocols, and try better paths with higher priority. The following uses the second usage scenario as an example to introduce the specific implementation manner of the present invention.
本发明将涉及到链外通道系统中的多个模块，图1是多跳通道请求发生时涉及到的操作流程图，包括向存储模块请求通道拓扑信息表，交易模块构造锁定交易，传输模块构造交易请求等，最核心的操作就是，路由模块根据拓扑信息表中的节点、通道状态信息，构造可用路径列表，列表构造完成后，调用排序函数，确定可用路径列表的优先级，此时，本发明提出的权重影响公式，将全程影响排序函数的决策，为最终的路径列表的产生提供服务，之后根据通道系统的传输策略，执行多跳请求过程。The present invention will involve multiple modules in the off-chain channel system. Figure 1 is a flow chart of operations involved when a multi-hop channel request occurs, including requesting the channel topology information table from the storage module, the transaction module constructing the locked transaction, and the transmission module constructing Transaction requests, etc., the core operation is that the routing module constructs a list of available paths based on the node and channel status information in the topology information table. After the list construction is completed, the sorting function is called to determine the priority of the available path list. At this time, this The weight influence formula proposed by the invention will affect the decision-making of the sorting function throughout the process, providing services for the generation of the final path list, and then executing the multi-hop request process according to the transmission strategy of the channel system.
以设计路由协议为实施例。根据权重评价公式，本发明将影响可用路径列表的产生过程，实施例的步骤如下：Take designing a routing protocol as an example. According to the weight evaluation formula, the present invention will affect the generation process of the available path list. The steps of the embodiment are as follows:
S0：开始多跳链外交易；S0: Start multi-hop off-chain transactions;
S1：向存储模块请求通道拓扑信息表，表中包含静态拓扑信息和动态拓扑信息，静态拓扑信息包括通道连通图、通道押金、通道双方地址等，动态拓扑信息如通道的余额、通道当前负载、通道历史服务情况、通道平衡因子等。S1: Request the channel topology information table from the storage module. The table contains static topology information and dynamic topology information. Static topology information includes channel connectivity diagram, channel deposit, addresses of both channels, etc. Dynamic topology information such as channel balance, channel current load, Channel historical service status, channel balance factor, etc.
S2：构造多跳链外交易数据包，构造哈希时间锁等交易结构；S2: Construct multi-hop off-chain transaction data packets, construct transaction structures such as hash time locks;
多跳链外交易数据包，包括多个字段，例如交易发送方(源地址)、交易接收方(目的地址)、转移金额V和哈希时间锁。在超时时间之前，若交易接收方收到资金V，则持有该哈希时间锁的多跳交易的转发节点可以收到上一跳节点锁定的资金；若超时后交易接收方仍未资金V，则将资金退回创建该哈希时间锁的节点。Multi-hop off-chain transaction data packets include multiple fields, such as transaction sender (source address), transaction receiver (destination address), transfer amount V, and hash time lock. Before the timeout, if the transaction recipient receives the fund V, the forwarding node of the multi-hop transaction holding the hash time lock can receive the funds locked by the previous hop node; if the transaction recipient still does not have the fund V after the timeout, , the funds will be returned to the node that created the hash time lock.
哈希时间锁基于哈希算法构造，包含多个字段资金锁定数量V、秘密的哈希、超时时间戳T和可以解锁该结构的账户地址Addr(1个)。若Addr在超时时间戳T之前，向构造该哈希时间锁的节点提供能够依据哈希算法得到“秘密的哈希”的字符串(即“秘密”的明文)，那么Addr就能在通道里得到金额为V的资金。反之，资金回退给构造该哈希时间锁的节点。The hash time lock is constructed based on the hash algorithm and contains multiple fields such as the number of funds locked V, the secret hash, the timeout timestamp T and the account address Addr (1) that can unlock the structure. If Addr provides the node that constructs the hash time lock with a string that can obtain the "secret hash" according to the hash algorithm (that is, the plaintext of the "secret") before the timeout timestamp T, then Addr can be in the channel Get an amount of V funds. Otherwise, the funds are returned to the node that constructed the hash time lock.
构造哈希时间锁等交易结构是为了完成多跳链外交易，这个属于链外状态(支付)通道的先验知识，通过构造多跳链外交易数据包以及哈希时间锁等结构，完成多跳链外交易。并且在交易失败的时候避免相关节点资金损失。The purpose of constructing transaction structures such as hash time locks is to complete multi-hop off-chain transactions. This belongs to the prior knowledge of off-chain status (payment) channels. By constructing multi-hop off-chain transaction data packets and hash time locks and other structures, multiple hops off-chain transactions can be completed. Off-chain transactions. And avoid the loss of relevant node funds when the transaction fails.
S3：构造可用路径列表。S3: Construct a list of available paths.
S31：根据通道余额，筛选出可以完成多跳链外交易的路径，例如：逐跳根据邻居节点信息，排除节点离线、余额不足的通道，直到与交易的接收方连通且余额充足为止；S31: Based on the channel balance, select paths that can complete multi-hop off-chain transactions. For example, based on neighbor node information hop by hop, exclude channels with offline nodes and insufficient balances until they are connected to the recipient of the transaction and have sufficient balances;
S32：根据对路径的需求，指定影响因子的权重，获得权重评价公式；S32: According to the demand for the path, specify the weight of the influencing factors and obtain the weight evaluation formula;
S33：根据权重评价公式，对S31生成的路径列表中各路径进行排序，产生带权路径列表，按照优先级由高到低，测试可用路径；S33: Sort the paths in the path list generated by S31 according to the weight evaluation formula, generate a weighted path list, and test the available paths according to the priority from high to low;
S4：根据路径列表，进行多跳交易的尝试。若无可用路径，则跳转至S6；S4: Try multi-hop transactions based on the path list. If there is no available path, jump to S6;
S41：逐跳锁定资金，直到交易的接收方，按照后续交易处理逻辑，执行哈希时间锁的解锁等过程，不在本发明中赘述，执行完毕后，跳转至S5即可；S41: Lock the funds hop by hop until the recipient of the transaction executes the unlocking of the hash time lock and other processes according to the subsequent transaction processing logic, which will not be described in detail in the present invention. After the execution is completed, jump to S5;
S42：本条路径不可用，跳转至S4，尝试下一跳路径；S42: This path is unavailable, jump to S4 and try the next hop path;
S5：多跳交易成功，结束。S5: The multi-hop transaction is successful and ends.
S6：无可用路径，本多跳通道交易失败，结束。S6: There is no available path, the multi-hop channel transaction fails and ends.
以下为与上述方法实施例对应的系统实施例，本实施方式可与上述实施方式互相配合实施。上述实施方式中提到的相关技术细节在本实施方式中依然有效，为了减少重复，这里不再赘述。相应地，本实施方式中提到的相关技术细节也可应用在上述实施方式中。The following is a system embodiment corresponding to the above method embodiment. This implementation mode can be implemented in conjunction with the above implementation mode. The relevant technical details mentioned in the above embodiments are still valid in this embodiment, and will not be described again in order to reduce duplication. Correspondingly, the relevant technical details mentioned in this embodiment can also be applied to the above-mentioned embodiments.
本发明还提出了一种基于链外通道路由评价机制的区块链通量提高系统，其特征在于，包括：The present invention also proposes a blockchain throughput improvement system based on an off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism, which is characterized by including:
模块1、获取链外通道的拓扑信息表，并根据多跳链外交易请求，构造多跳链外交易数据包和交易结构；Module 1: Obtain the topology information table of the off-chain channel, and construct the multi-hop off-chain transaction data package and transaction structure according to the multi-hop off-chain transaction request;
模块2、从该拓扑信息表中筛选出用于完成该多跳链外交易请求的全部路径，构建路径列表，并通过链外通道路由评价机制为路径进行打分，根据打分结果对路径列表中各路径进行排序，得到排序列表；Module 2: Filter out all paths used to complete the multi-hop off-chain transaction request from the topology information table, construct a path list, score the paths through the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism, and evaluate each path in the path list based on the scoring results. Sort the paths to get a sorted list;
模块3、根据该排序列表，进行多跳链外交易将该多跳链外交易数据包传输至交易接收方，完成该多跳链外交易请求。Module 3: Perform multi-hop off-chain transactions based on the sorted list, transmit the multi-hop off-chain transaction data packets to the transaction recipient, and complete the multi-hop off-chain transaction request.
所述的基于链外通道路由评价机制的区块链通量提高系统，其特征在于，该链外通道路由评价机制包括：路径长度、节点负载、节点历史服务质量和通道平衡因子。The blockchain throughput improvement system based on the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism is characterized in that the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism includes: path length, node load, node historical service quality and channel balance factor.
所述的基于链外通道路由评价机制的区块链通量提高系统，其特征在于，该模块2包括通过下式为该路径列表中各路径进行打分：The blockchain throughput improvement system based on the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism is characterized in that the module 2 includes scoring each path in the path list through the following formula:
Weight Evaluation Formula＝μ1*α+μ2*β+μ3*γ+μ4*δWeight Evaluation Formula＝μ1 *α+μ2 *β+μ3 *γ+μ4 *δ
其中有，μ1+μ2+μ3+μ4＝1Among them, μ1 + μ2 + μ3 + μ4 = 1
α表示该路径长度，β表示该节点负载，γ表示该节点历史服务质量，δ表示通道平衡因子，符号μ1～μ4表示各因素的影响因子。α represents the length of the path, β represents the load of the node, γ represents the historical service quality of the node, δ represents the channel balance factor, and the symbols μ1 to μ4 represent the influence factors of each factor.
所述的基于链外通道路由评价机制的区块链通量提高系统，其特征在于，该拓扑信息表包括：通道连通图、通道押金、通道双方地址、通道余额、通道当前负载和通道历史服务情况。The described blockchain throughput improvement system based on the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism is characterized in that the topology information table includes: channel connectivity diagram, channel deposit, addresses of both channels, channel balance, channel current load and channel historical services Condition.
所述的基于链外通道路由评价机制的区块链通量提高系统，其特征在于，该通道平衡因子用于衡量通道失衡情况，取值＞＝0；且该通道平衡因子的具体求解过程为：The described blockchain throughput improvement system based on the off-chain channel routing evaluation mechanism is characterized in that the channel balance factor is used to measure channel imbalance, with a value >= 0; and the specific solution process of the channel balance factor is: :
在t时刻，有金额为v的多跳链外交易需要由节点A经过其邻居节点{ai|ai∈SA}到达目的节点，Sa为A的邻居节点中可达目的节点的集合；At time t, a multi-hop off-chain transaction with an amount of v needs to go from node A to the destination node through its neighbor node {ai |ai ∈ SA }, where Sa is the set of reachable destination nodes among A’s neighbor nodes. ;
根据从节点A与邻居ai(ai∈SA)之间的通道建立至t时刻，A向ai转移的资金总量/>ai向A转移的资金总量/>在t时刻，通道/>中A节点余额通过下式得到：According to the channel between slave node A and neighbor ai (ai ∈SA ) From establishment to time t, the total amount of funds transferred from A to ai /> The total amount of funds transferred from ai to A/> At time t, channel/> Node balance in A Obtained by the following formula:
t时刻，对于A节点而言，通道的通道平衡因子为：At time t, for node A, the channel The channel balance factor is:
A节点选择通道平衡因子最小的可达通道作为其转发该多跳交易的方向，并依据通道平衡因子从小到大的顺序给出其转发该交易的通道选择优先级。Node A selects the reachable channel with the smallest channel balance factor as the direction in which it forwards the multi-hop transaction, and gives the channel selection priority for forwarding the transaction based on the channel balance factor in ascending order.
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| CN201911051089.3ACN110992177B (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Block chain flux improving method and system based on out-of-chain channel route evaluation mechanism |
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