Internal jugular vein indwelling blood sample collection device and method for tree shrewTechnical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of experimental blood sampling of tree shrew, in particular to a device and a method for collecting internal jugular vein indwelling blood samples of tree shrew.
Background
Tree shrew is a small climbing mammal. The results of the whole genome sequencing analysis of the tree shrew and various research at home and abroad show that the relationship is closest to primates (about 93.4%), the tree shrew is closer to human in terms of anatomy and physiology than common rodent experimental animals such as mice, rats and the like, and can suffer from a plurality of diseases similar to human, and the tree shrew has unique application advantages in the research of animal models of human diseases, and is mainly used for the research of tumor, nerve, endocrine, immunity, virus, bacteria, parasites and other fields. Multiple blood sampling and drug administration of tree shrew are often required in the study. Because internal jugular vein blood sampling can obtain a large amount of blood samples compared with modes such as heart blood sampling and retroorbital venous plexus blood sampling, the internal jugular vein blood sampling is the main blood sampling mode in the tree shrew experiment at present, of course, because the lower limb is easy to press and hold and fix, femoral veins at the groin of the lower limb are also commonly used for puncture blood sampling.
The current internal jugular vein blood sampling method generally comprises the following steps: the tree shrew is fixed on an experiment table in a supine mode, an auxiliary experiment person fixes the head and the lower limbs of the tree shrew by hands, after blood vessels are filled, the protruding blood vessels are seen, a needle is inserted into the blood vessels by using a syringe at an included angle of 45 degrees, blood is sucked, and the blood sampling amount is within 2ml each time. In practice, a 1ml or 2.5ml syringe is commonly used to collect a blood sample from the internal jugular vein. However, this approach currently suffers from a number of drawbacks and inconveniences.
In the experimental process, the tree shrew is usually required to be subjected to blood sampling or drug administration for many times within a certain time, as the internal jugular vein of the tree shrew is only about 3mm, the internal jugular vein bulge is not obvious during actual operation, the puncture has a certain failure risk, meanwhile, the neck of the tree shrew can stretch out and draw back in the operation process, the blood vessel is easy to be punctured by a needle, the excessive damage of the blood vessel of the tree shrew is caused, and the blood infection risk is increased due to many times of puncture within a short time, so that the experimental result is influenced. For operators, the blood vessel of the tree shrew needs to be punctured every time of blood sampling, the operation is complicated, and precious scientific research time is wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an internal jugular vein indwelling blood sample collecting device and method for tree shrew, which are simple and efficient to use, can be used for multiple times of blood sampling by one blood vessel puncture, are suitable for continuous blood sampling or time-interval indwelling blood sampling, have good fixing effect, are not easy to fall off, can not influence an indwelling blood sampling hose indwelling in an internal jugular vein by the movement of the neck of the tree shrew, and can not damage the wall of a vein blood vessel by the indwelling blood sampling hose indwelling in the internal jugular vein. Meanwhile, the indwelling blood collection device can also be used for drug administration. Furthermore, the device is not only suitable for tree shrew, but also suitable for all small experimental animals.
The invention aims to achieve the aim, and the aim is achieved by the following technical scheme:
1. An internal jugular vein indwelling blood sample collection device for tree shrew, characterized in that: comprises a puncture needle, an indwelling blood collection hose and an indwelling box;
A puncture needle:
The puncture needle comprises a detachable part and a needle handle; the detachable part comprises two detachable needle parts and two detachable needle fixing shells, the tail ends of the two needle parts are respectively connected with the two needle fixing shells, the two needle parts and the two needle fixing shells are symmetrically folded, a branch pipe is arranged on the side part of the needle fixing shell, the head end of an indwelling blood collection hose is inserted into a needle cavity enclosed by the two needle parts through the pipe orifice of the branch pipe, the indwelling box is arranged at the tail end of the indwelling blood collection hose, and the tail end of the folded needle fixing shell is detachably connected to a needle handle;
Retention box:
The retaining box comprises a seat body, a pipe body pressing fixed rubber plug, a clamping seat, a sealing plug and a protective cap; the top of the seat body is provided with a convex seat, the top of the convex seat is provided with a rubber plug hole, a hose passage extending to the rubber plug hole is arranged in the seat body, the inner side port of the indwelling blood collection hose is indwelled in the internal jugular vein along the blood flow direction, and the outer side port of the indwelling blood collection hose extends into the rubber plug hole; the middle part of the tube body pressing fixed rubber plug is provided with a central hole, the outer side port of the reserved blood sampling hose is inserted into the central hole, and the tube body pressing fixed rubber plug is spliced with the rubber plug hole; the clamping seat comprises a seat shell, a central insertion pipe and a central pad groove; the seat shell is clamped with the convex seat, and after the seat shell is clamped with the convex seat, the central cannula is inserted into the outer side port of the indwelling blood collection hose and can tightly support the outer side port of the indwelling blood collection hose; the sealing plug is arranged in the central pad groove; the protective cap can be detachably covered above the sealing plug.
The detachable part also comprises an elastic collar which is sleeved on the folded needle parts after the two needle parts and the two needle fixing shells are symmetrically folded, so that a gap does not exist at the folded part of the two needle parts.
The needle handle is provided with a shell joint, and the tail end of the folded needle body fixing shell is detachably clamped and fixed on the shell joint.
A bulge is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the sealing plug.
5. A collection method for an internal jugular vein indwelling blood sample collection device for tree shrew, comprising the steps of:
S1, assembling a detachable part and a needle handle of a puncture needle, symmetrically folding two needle body parts and two needle body fixing shells, sleeving an elastic hoop on the folded needle body parts after folding, detachably clamping and fixing the tail end of the folded needle body fixing shell on a shell joint, inserting the head end of an indwelling blood collection hose into a needle cavity enclosed by the two needle body parts through a pipe orifice of a branch pipe, and connecting the tail end of the indwelling blood collection hose with an indwelling box;
S2, removing body hair at the position of the internal jugular vein of the tree shrew by using an animal shaver to expose the body surface at the position of the neck;
S3, enabling the tree shrew to be fixed on an experiment table in a supine mode, and assisting an experiment staff to fix the head and lower limbs of the tree shrew by hands;
s4, cleaning and sterilizing the exposed parts of the neck by using alcohol cotton;
S5, the needle body is aligned with the internal jugular vein, an included angle of 45 degrees is adopted to enter the needle towards the blood flow direction, and the tail end of the indwelling blood collection hose in the needle body is inserted into the internal jugular vein after the puncture needle enters the internal jugular vein;
s6, pushing the indwelling blood collection hose connected with the indwelling box outside the branch pipe, wherein one end of the indwelling blood collection hose, which is positioned in the internal jugular vein, extends out of the tail end of the needle head of the needle body to the internal jugular vein;
S7, after the indwelling blood collection hose is pushed for a certain distance, the puncture needle is pulled out of the internal jugular vein; after the puncture needle is pulled out from the internal jugular vein, a part of pipe section of the indwelling blood collection hose is indwelled in the internal jugular vein;
s8, after the puncture needle is pulled out of the internal jugular vein, the elastic hoop sleeve is cut off by a blade, then the detachable part is detached from the shell connector on the needle handle, then the two detachable needle parts and the two detachable needle fixing shells are detached, the indwelling blood collection hose in the detachable part is taken out, and only one section of indwelling blood collection hose and the indwelling box are exposed;
S9, as the length of the section of the indwelling blood collection hose exposed outside is longer, the section of the indwelling blood collection hose is coiled and stuck to the skin surface layer of the neck, and after the bottom of the indwelling box is stuck to the skin surface layer, the section of the indwelling blood collection hose and the indwelling box are stably stuck and fixed on the skin surface layer of the neck by using a medical adhesive tape;
s10, when blood is collected, the protective cap on the retention box is taken down, then the upper surface of the sealing plug is sterilized by alcohol cotton, and the blood collection needle on the negative pressure blood collection test tube is aligned with the bulge to pierce the sealing plug for blood collection;
s11, sterilizing the upper surface of the sealing plug by using alcohol cotton after blood collection, and then covering a protective cap to prevent microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and the like in the outside air from polluting the upper surface of the sealing plug; waiting for blood collection next time;
S12, repeating the steps S10 and S11 when blood is collected next time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
By using the device according to the using method, one-time vascular puncture and multiple blood sampling can be truly realized. Is suitable for continuous blood collection or time-interval indwelling blood collection. The design is simple and convenient, the use is high-efficient, the fixing effect of this design is good, is difficult for droing, and the movement of tree shrew neck can not influence the keep somewhere blood sampling hose of keeping somewhere in the internal jugular vein, keeps somewhere the blood sampling hose of keeping somewhere in the internal jugular vein and can not produce the damage to venous vessel wall. Meanwhile, the indwelling blood collection device can also be used for drug administration. The device is not only suitable for tree shrew, but also suitable for all small experimental animals.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of the use of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of section I of fig. 1in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the retention box according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the indwelling cartridge according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the puncture needle according to the present invention.
The reference numbers shown in the drawings:
1. a puncture needle; 2. a blood collection hose is left; 3. a retention box; 4. a detachable portion; 5. a needle handle; 6. a needle body; 7. a needle body fixing case; 8. a branch pipe; 9. a base; 10. the tube body is pressed and held to fix the rubber plug; 11. a clamping seat; 12. a sealing plug; 13. a protective cap; 14. a boss; 15. plugging holes by glue; 16. a hose passage; 17. a central bore; 18. a seat shell; 19. a central cannula; 20. a central pad groove; 21. an elastic cuff; 22. a housing joint; 23. a protrusion; 24. medical adhesive tape.
Detailed Description
The application will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Further, it will be understood that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the application, and equivalents thereof fall within the scope of the application as defined by the claims.
Because the lower limb of the tree shrew is easy to press and fix, the femoral vein at the groin of the lower limb is more common for puncture blood sampling. The femoral vein has a diameter of only 1mm, and an internal jugular vein of much smaller than 3mm diameter. Therefore, when the femoral vein is adopted for blood collection, the needle head with the thickness of 0.45mm can only be used for puncture blood collection, so that the blood collection speed is slow, and the diameter of the femoral vein is only 1mm, if the lower limb of the tree shrew moves in the blood collection process, the blood vessel is necessarily caused to be easily punctured by the needle head, and the blood vessel of the tree shrew is excessively damaged. And the blood vessel is pricked by the needle head and then is pumped to tissue fluid to cause blood pollution, so that the blood sample can not be used again. Also, since the movement amount of the limbs of the tree shrew is large and the diameter of the femoral vein is small, it is not practical to provide an indwelling blood sampling device at the femoral vein, and the falling off or the damage to the vessel wall is easily caused.
Because the internal jugular vein diameter is big, internal jugular vein blood sampling can obtain a large amount of blood sample than other modes, and blood sampling speed is also faster. However, in the internal jugular vein blood sampling method, the tree shrew needs to be fixed on the experiment table in a supine manner, the head and the lower limbs of the tree shrew are fixed by hands of an auxiliary experiment person, the only defect is that the supine tree shrew is inconvenient to press and fix, but the defect is only the defect of taking blood for multiple punctures. Since the neck of the tree shrew is exposed, no other limbs are arranged around the tree shrew, and the movement range of the neck is small, if the internal jugular vein can be used for design, a device capable of retaining blood for taking blood is designed, and the internal jugular vein is an excellent application position. Although the pressing and fixing of the tree shrew lying on the back are difficult during puncture, for indwelling blood collection, one vascular puncture can be used for multiple blood collection.
The following is a technical principle for indwelling blood collection at the internal jugular vein, has simple and convenient design and high use efficiency, and realizes one-time blood vessel puncture and multiple blood collection. Is suitable for continuous blood collection or time-interval indwelling blood collection. And the fixing effect of this design is good, is difficult for droing, and the movement of tree shrew neck can not influence the stay blood sampling hose of keeping somewhere in the internal jugular vein, and stay the stay blood sampling hose of internal jugular vein can not produce the damage to vein vascular wall. Meanwhile, the indwelling blood collection device can also be used for drug administration. The device is not only suitable for tree shrew, but also suitable for all small experimental animals.
The technical structure, principle and using method of the indwelling blood collection device are as follows:
The invention relates to a device and a method for collecting a blood sample in an internal jugular vein of a tree shrew, wherein the main structure of the device for collecting the blood sample in the internal jugular vein is as follows:
1. Puncture needle 1:
As shown in figure 5 of the drawings accompanying the specification. The puncture needle 1 structure comprises: a detachable part 4 and a needle handle 5; the detachable part 4 comprises two detachable needle parts 6, two detachable needle fixing shells 7 and an elastic collar 21, wherein the tail ends of the two needle parts 6 are respectively connected with the two needle fixing shells 7. After the two needle body parts 6 and the two needle body fixing shells 7 are symmetrically folded, the elastic collar 21 is sleeved on the folded needle body parts 6, so that a gap does not exist at the folding position of the two needle body parts 6. The side of the needle body fixing shell 7 is provided with a branch pipe 8, the head end of the indwelling blood collection hose 2 is inserted into a needle cavity enclosed by the two needle body parts 6 through the pipe orifice of the branch pipe 8, and the tail end of the indwelling blood collection hose 2 is provided with an indwelling box 3. The needle handle 5 is provided with a shell joint 22, and the tail end of the folded needle body fixing shell 7 is detachably clamped and fixed on the shell joint 22.
2. Retention box 3:
As shown in fig. 2,3 and 4 of the drawings of the specification. The whole indwelling box 3 is a box body assembly formed by a plurality of parts, and has the functions of being used for indwelling the stability of the blood taking hose 2 to be indwelled for blood taking and drug administration, and has good fixing effect and difficult falling off, the movement of the neck of the tree shrew does not influence the indwelling blood taking hose 2 which is reserved in the internal jugular vein, and the indwelling blood taking hose 2 which is reserved in the internal jugular vein does not damage the wall of the vein blood vessel.
The structure of the indwelling cartridge 3 includes: the base 9, the pipe body press-holding fixed rubber plug 10, the clamping base 11, the sealing plug 12 and the protective cap 13;
Base 9: the top of the seat body 9 is provided with a convex seat 14, the top of the convex seat 14 is provided with a rubber plug hole 15, a hose passage 16 is arranged in the seat body 9, and the hose passage 16 extends to the rubber plug hole 15. The inner side port of the indwelling blood collection hose 2 is indwelled in the internal jugular vein along the blood flow direction, and the outer side port of the indwelling blood collection hose 2 extends into the rubber plug hole 15.
The tube body is pressed to hold the fixed rubber plug 10: the middle part of the tube body pressing fixed rubber plug 10 is provided with a central hole 17, the outer side port of the indwelling blood collection hose 2 is inserted into the central hole 17, after the tube body pressing fixed rubber plug 10 is inserted into the rubber plug hole 15, the tube body pressing fixed rubber plug 10 is extruded by the inner wall of the rubber plug hole 15 to enable the aperture of the central hole 17 to be reduced, the reduced central hole 17 is slightly deformed to form pressing on the indwelling blood collection hose 2, the tube diameter of the indwelling blood collection hose 2 is slightly reduced, the friction between the wall of the central hole 17 and the indwelling blood collection hose 2 is increased, and the indwelling blood collection hose 2 is effectively prevented from sliding from the central hole 17.
The clamping seat 11: the clamping seat 11 comprises a seat shell 18, a central insertion tube 19 and a central pad groove 20; the seat shell 18 and the boss 14 can be clamped, after the seat shell 18 and the boss 14 are clamped, the central insertion tube 19 is inserted into the outer side port of the indwelling blood collection hose 2 and can tightly support the outer side port of the indwelling blood collection hose 2, so that the inner side and the outer side of the outer side port of the indwelling blood collection hose 2 are simultaneously pressed and squeezed by the central insertion tube 19 and the wall of the central hole 17 in a bidirectional pressing mode, and the indwelling blood collection hose 2 is further effectively prevented from sliding down from the central hole 17.
Sealing plug 12: the sealing plug 12 is arranged in the central pad groove 20, the sealing plug 12 can realize the sealing of the top pipe orifice of the central cannula 19, the upper surface of the sealing plug 12 is a concave cambered surface which is convenient for sterilizing alcohol cotton before blood sampling, a bulge 23 is arranged at the central position of the upper surface of the sealing plug 12, and the blood taking needle aims at the bulge 23 to puncture the sealing plug 12 for blood sampling during blood sampling.
Protective cap 13: after the blood collection is finished, the upper surface of the sealing plug 12 is sterilized by alcohol cotton, and then the protective cap 13 is covered, so that microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and the like in the outside air are prevented from polluting the upper surface of the sealing plug 12.
The method for using the internal jugular vein indwelling blood sample collection device is as follows:
preparation before puncture: comprises the steps of S1, S2, S3 and S4;
S1, first, the detachable portion 4 of the puncture needle 1 shown in fig. 5 of the specification is assembled with the needle handle 5. The two needle body parts 6 and the two needle body fixing shells 7 are symmetrically folded, and the elastic collar 21 is sleeved on the folded needle body parts 6 after folding, so that a gap does not exist at the folding position of the two needle body parts 6. The tail end of the folded needle body fixing shell 7 is detachably clamped and fixed on the shell joint 22. The head end of the indwelling blood collection hose 2 is inserted into a needle cavity enclosed by the two needle bodies 6 through the pipe orifice of the branch pipe 8, and the tail end of the indwelling blood collection hose 2 is connected with the indwelling box 3. Model selection: the needle body 6 is a 16G type needle (the outer diameter of the needle is 1.61mm, the inner diameter of the needle is 1.25mm, the wall thickness is 0.18 mm), and the indwelling blood collection hose 2 is a hose with the outer diameter of 1.15mm, the inner diameter of 0.9mm and the wall thickness of 0.125 mm.
S2, secondly, using an animal shaver to remove body hair at the position of the internal jugular vein of the tree shrew, so that the body surface at the position of the neck is exposed. Thus, the internal jugular vein is not only convenient to find and puncture, but also beneficial to fixing the indwelling box 3 by adopting the medical adhesive tape 24 after puncture.
S3, enabling the tree shrew to be fixed on a laboratory bench in a supine mode, and assisting an experimenter to fix the head and the lower limbs of the tree shrew by hands.
S4, cleaning and disinfecting the exposed parts of the neck by using alcohol cotton.
The puncturing step comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps S5 and S6;
S5, holding the needle handle 5 of the puncture needle 1, aligning the needle body 6 with the internal jugular vein, and inserting the needle at an included angle of 45 degrees towards the blood flow direction (namely the head-trunk direction). The tail end of the indwelling blood collection hose 2 in the needle body 6 after the puncture needle 1 enters the internal jugular vein is also inserted into the internal jugular vein, then the indwelling blood collection hose 2 of the indwelling box 3 is connected to the outer side of the pushing branch pipe 8, and one end of the indwelling blood collection hose 2 positioned in the internal jugular vein extends out of the tail end of the needle head of the needle body 6 into the internal jugular vein. After the indwelling blood collection tube 2 is pushed to a distance of about 1.5cm, the puncture needle 1 is pulled out from the internal jugular vein, and the end of the indwelling blood collection tube 2 is extended from the needle end of the needle body 6 to about 1.5cm from the internal jugular vein, so that the puncture needle 1 is pulled out from the internal jugular vein, and the indwelling blood collection tube 2 with a length of 1.5cm is partially indwelled in the internal jugular vein.
S6, after the puncture needle 1 is pulled out from the internal jugular vein, the elastic collar 21 is cut off by a blade, then the detachable part 4 is detached from the shell joint 22 on the needle handle 5, and then the two detachable needle body parts 6 and the two detachable needle body fixing shells 7 are detached, so that the indwelling blood collection hose 2 in the detachable part 4 is taken out. Only a section of the indwelling blood collection tube 2 and the indwelling cartridge 3 are exposed at this time.
The puncture is followed by the steps of: comprises the step S7;
s7, since the length of the section of the indwelling blood collection hose 2 exposed outside is longer, the section of the indwelling blood collection hose 2 is coiled and stuck on the skin surface layer of the neck, and after the bottom of the indwelling box 3 is stuck on the skin surface layer, the section of the indwelling blood collection hose 2 and the indwelling box 3 are stably stuck and fixed on the skin surface layer of the neck by using the medical adhesive tape 24.
A blood sampling step: comprises the steps of S8, S9 and S10;
S8, when blood collection is carried out, the protective cap 13 on the retention box 3 is taken down, then the upper surface of the sealing plug 12 is sterilized by alcohol cotton, and the blood collection needle alignment bulge 23 on the negative pressure blood collection test tube pierces the sealing plug 12 to carry out blood collection.
S9, sterilizing the upper surface of the sealing plug 12 by alcohol cotton after blood collection, and then covering the protective cap 13 to prevent microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses in the outside air from polluting the upper surface of the sealing plug 12. Waiting for the next blood collection.
S10, repeating the steps S8 and S9 when blood is collected next time.
To sum up:
by using the device according to the using method, one-time vascular puncture and multiple blood sampling can be truly realized. Is suitable for continuous blood collection or time-interval indwelling blood collection. The above is the technology that is used for keeping somewhere blood sampling in jugular vein department, and its design is simple and convenient, use high-efficient to the fixed effect of this design is good, is difficult for droing, and the motion of tree shrew neck can not influence keep somewhere blood sampling hose 2 in jugular vein, keeps somewhere blood sampling hose 2 in jugular vein can not produce the damage to vein vessel wall. Meanwhile, the indwelling blood collection device can also be used for drug administration. The device is not only suitable for tree shrew, but also suitable for all small experimental animals.