技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及通信天线的技术领域，具体提出了一种隔离式地辐射天线及MIMO天线系统，可用于各种无线通信设备。The present invention relates to the technical field of communication antennas, and specifically proposes an isolated radiating antenna and a MIMO antenna system, which can be used in various wireless communication devices.
背景技术Background Art
天线已经成为各种无线设备中的必备装置，用以发射和接收电磁波信号。MIMO（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output）技术采用多个天线装置同时收发，可大幅提高无线传输速率，无需增大发射功率或增加工作频谱，是第四代移动通信和第五代通信系统的核心技术之一。为保证优异的MIMO特性，必须实现天线之间的高隔离度或低耦合，以降低天线之间相关度。但是，由于现代无线设备的空间有限，天线间距较小，天线间的信号干扰变大，严重影响MIMO天线系统的性能。传统方法依靠拉大天线之间距离来实现高隔离度，难以将更多的天线装置集成到无线设备内部，因而不能满足当前对高传输速率传输的需求。Antennas have become an essential device in various wireless devices to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals. MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) technology uses multiple antenna devices to transmit and receive simultaneously, which can greatly improve the wireless transmission rate without increasing the transmission power or increasing the working spectrum. It is one of the core technologies of the fourth-generation mobile communication and fifth-generation communication systems. In order to ensure excellent MIMO characteristics, high isolation or low coupling between antennas must be achieved to reduce the correlation between antennas. However, due to the limited space of modern wireless devices and the small antenna spacing, the signal interference between antennas becomes larger, which seriously affects the performance of the MIMO antenna system. The traditional method relies on increasing the distance between antennas to achieve high isolation, which makes it difficult to integrate more antenna devices into the wireless device, and therefore cannot meet the current demand for high transmission rate transmission.
尤其随着第五代通信系统的布局和推广，大规模天线阵列成为一种趋势，从而对紧凑型的MIMO天线系统的需求越来越高。而现有技术主要通过引入寄生共振、引入降耦网络、利用正交模式等方法来提高天线之间的隔离度。Especially with the layout and promotion of the fifth generation communication system, large-scale antenna arrays have become a trend, and the demand for compact MIMO antenna systems is increasing. The existing technology mainly improves the isolation between antennas by introducing parasitic resonance, introducing decoupling networks, and using orthogonal modes.
一方面，在两个天线之间引入新的寄生结构是改善隔离度的最常见的方法之一，寄生结构可生成一个相位相反的耦合路线，以抵消天线之间的原始耦合，从而改善天线隔离度。寄生结构的类型可以是槽缝、环型、条带状、悬浮结构等。但是该方法需要引入额外的结构体,占用的空间较大，不利于天线的小型化设计，此外该方法很难实现高度紧凑的MIMO天线系统。On the one hand, introducing a new parasitic structure between two antennas is one of the most common methods to improve isolation. The parasitic structure can generate a coupling path with opposite phase to offset the original coupling between the antennas, thereby improving antenna isolation. The types of parasitic structures can be slots, rings, strips, suspended structures, etc. However, this method requires the introduction of additional structures, which occupies a large space and is not conducive to the miniaturization design of the antenna. In addition, this method is difficult to achieve a highly compact MIMO antenna system.
另一方面，降耦网络通常采用集总元件电路或中和线等方法来抵消天线之间的耦合，可有效地实现紧凑型MIMO天线系统设计。但是该方法需要较多的元器件或占用较大的电路面积，且目前仅适用于单极子天线或倒F天线。On the other hand, the decoupling network usually uses lumped element circuits or neutralization lines to offset the coupling between antennas, which can effectively realize the design of compact MIMO antenna systems. However, this method requires more components or occupies a larger circuit area, and is currently only applicable to monopole antennas or inverted F antennas.
此外，将天线正交放置或激发正交电流模式，可以很好地实现高隔离度和紧凑的MIMO天线系统，而不需要额外的降耦结构或电路。但是该方法需要的天线尺寸较大，难以实现MIMO天线系统的集成化和小型化。In addition, placing antennas orthogonally or exciting orthogonal current modes can well achieve high isolation and compact MIMO antenna systems without the need for additional decoupling structures or circuits. However, this method requires a larger antenna size, making it difficult to achieve integration and miniaturization of the MIMO antenna system.
上述的现有技术或不能实现紧凑型MIMO天线系统，或具有较复杂的降耦合结构，或具有很大的应用局限性，或具有较大的天线尺寸。The above-mentioned prior arts either cannot realize a compact MIMO antenna system, or have a relatively complex decoupling structure, or have great application limitations, or have a relatively large antenna size.
因而，有必要提出一种简易且高效的降耦合技术，以兼容不同的天线类型，从而避免传统方法中耗时的个例分析与调试，节约开发周期；有必要提出一种高度集成、高度紧凑、且具有高隔离度的MIMO天线系统。Therefore, it is necessary to propose a simple and efficient decoupling technology to be compatible with different antenna types, thereby avoiding the time-consuming case analysis and debugging in traditional methods and saving development cycles; it is necessary to propose a highly integrated, highly compact, and highly isolated MIMO antenna system.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提出了一种简易且高效的降耦合技术，具有天线结构紧凑、天线单元尺寸小、单元间距近等特点，实现了一种高度集成、高度紧凑、具有高隔离度、且兼容多种天线类型的MIMO天线系统。该发明可适用于各种无线通信设备中，尤其适用于大规模阵列在终端设备中的应用。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a simple and efficient decoupling technology, which has the characteristics of compact antenna structure, small antenna unit size, close unit spacing, etc., and realizes a MIMO antenna system that is highly integrated, highly compact, has high isolation, and is compatible with multiple antenna types. The invention can be applied to various wireless communication devices, especially to the application of large-scale arrays in terminal devices.
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案实现：一种隔离式地辐射天线，包括：接地板，铺设于印刷电路板上；净空区，为接地板的侧边挖空的开口；激励结构，配置于净空区内，用于馈入一射频信号和控制阻抗匹配；共振结构，至少包含一电容元件并与净空区共同形成环形共振体；降耦结构，配置于净空区外，与共振结构的电容元件共同形成位于净空区外侧的环形降耦体；所述环形共振体与环形降耦体的电流模式方向相反。The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: an isolated ground radiating antenna, comprising: a ground plane, laid on a printed circuit board; a clearance area, which is an opening hollowed out from the side of the ground plane; an excitation structure, arranged in the clearance area, for feeding in a radio frequency signal and controlling impedance matching; a resonant structure, comprising at least one capacitor element and forming a ring-shaped resonant body together with the clearance area; a decoupling structure, arranged outside the clearance area, forming a ring-shaped decoupling body located outside the clearance area together with the capacitor element of the resonant structure; the current mode direction of the ring-shaped resonant body is opposite to that of the ring-shaped decoupling body.
进一步地，所述激励结构包括第一馈电、第一导线、第一元器件和第二导线，第一元器件的一端通过第一导线连接至第一馈电，第一馈电与接地板连接，第一元器件的另一端通过第二导线连接至接地板。Furthermore, the excitation structure includes a first feed, a first wire, a first component and a second wire, one end of the first component is connected to the first feed through the first wire, the first feed is connected to the ground plate, and the other end of the first component is connected to the ground plate through the second wire.
进一步地，所述共振结构包括第三导线、第一电容元件和第四导线，第一电容元件的一端通过第三导线连接至接地板上，第一电容元件的另一端通过第四导线连接至接地板上；所述共振结构配置于净空区的开口一侧并形成在激励结构的外侧。Furthermore, the resonant structure includes a third wire, a first capacitor element and a fourth wire, one end of the first capacitor element is connected to the ground plate through the third wire, and the other end of the first capacitor element is connected to the ground plate through the fourth wire; the resonant structure is configured on one side of the opening of the clearance area and formed on the outside of the excitation structure.
进一步地，所述降耦结构包括第五导线，配置于净空区的外侧，第五导线与接地板相连并且第五导线的两端连接在第一电容元件的两侧。Furthermore, the decoupling structure includes a fifth wire, which is arranged outside the clearance area, the fifth wire is connected to the ground plate, and two ends of the fifth wire are connected to two sides of the first capacitor element.
进一步地，所述共振结构在净空区内还连接有第一分支，所述第一分支包含第二元器件。Furthermore, the resonant structure is connected to a first branch in the clearance area, and the first branch includes a second component.
进一步地，所述降耦结构还连接有第二分支，所述第二分支包含第三元器件。Furthermore, the decoupling structure is also connected to a second branch, and the second branch includes a third component.
进一步地，所述净空区为位于接地板的一侧或者相邻两侧的侧边挖空的开口。Furthermore, the clearance area is an opening hollowed out on one side or two adjacent sides of the grounding plate.
进一步地，所述第一电容元件为集总元件或者分布元件。Furthermore, the first capacitive element is a lumped element or a distributed element.
一种MIMO天线系统，包括上述所述的隔离式地辐射天线，还包括第二天线单元，所述第二天线单元与隔离式地辐射天线相邻设置或者相连设置。A MIMO antenna system comprises the above-mentioned isolated ground radiating antenna and a second antenna unit, wherein the second antenna unit is arranged adjacent to or connected to the isolated ground radiating antenna.
进一步地，所述第二天线单元为单极子天线、倒F天线、环形天线、槽缝天线、折叠式单极子天线或者贴片天线。Furthermore, the second antenna unit is a monopole antenna, an inverted-F antenna, a loop antenna, a slot antenna, a folded monopole antenna or a patch antenna.
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点包括：Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include:
1）本发明中的隔离式地辐射天线是一种简易且高效的降耦合技术，可兼容不同的天线类型，构成具有高隔离度和紧凑型的MIMO天线系统，具有更广阔的应用前景。1) The isolated ground-radiating antenna in the present invention is a simple and efficient coupling reduction technology, which is compatible with different antenna types and constitutes a MIMO antenna system with high isolation and compactness, and has broader application prospects.
2）本发明实现了高度紧凑的MIMO天线系统，在实现高隔离度和低相关性的同时，具有结构紧凑、单元尺寸小、单元间距近等特点。2) The present invention realizes a highly compact MIMO antenna system, which has the characteristics of compact structure, small unit size, and close unit spacing while achieving high isolation and low correlation.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1a是本发明中隔离式地辐射天线的结构示意图；FIG1a is a schematic diagram of the structure of an isolated ground radiating antenna in the present invention;
图1b是本发明中紧凑型的MIMO天线系统的示意图；FIG1b is a schematic diagram of a compact MIMO antenna system according to the present invention;
图1c是本发明中天线的电流分布示意图；FIG1c is a schematic diagram of current distribution of the antenna in the present invention;
图2a展示了本发明中由不同激励结构（例1）组成的隔离式地辐射天线的结构示意图；FIG2a shows a schematic structural diagram of an isolated ground radiating antenna composed of different excitation structures (Example 1) in the present invention;
图2b展示了本发明中由不同激励结构（例2）组成的隔离式地辐射天线的结构示意图；FIG2 b shows a schematic structural diagram of an isolated ground radiating antenna composed of different excitation structures (Example 2) in the present invention;
图2c展示了本发明中由不同激励结构（例3）组成的隔离式地辐射天线的结构示意图；FIG2c shows a schematic structural diagram of an isolated ground radiating antenna composed of different excitation structures (Example 3) in the present invention;
图3a展示了本发明中由不同共振结构（例1）组成的隔离式地辐射天线的结构示意图；FIG3a shows a schematic structural diagram of an isolated ground radiating antenna composed of different resonant structures (Example 1) in the present invention;
图3b展示了本发明中由不同共振结构（例2）组成的隔离式地辐射天线的结构示意图；FIG3 b shows a schematic structural diagram of an isolated ground radiating antenna composed of different resonant structures (Example 2) in the present invention;
图3c展示了本发明中由不同共振结构（例3）组成的隔离式地辐射天线的结构示意图；FIG3 c shows a schematic structural diagram of an isolated ground radiating antenna composed of different resonant structures (Example 3) in the present invention;
图3d展示了本发明中由不同共振结构（例4）组成的隔离式地辐射天线的结构示意图；FIG3 d shows a schematic structural diagram of an isolated ground radiating antenna composed of different resonant structures (Example 4) in the present invention;
图4a展示了本发明中由不同降耦结构（例1）组成的隔离式地辐射天线的结构示意图；FIG4 a shows a schematic structural diagram of an isolated ground radiating antenna composed of different decoupling structures (Example 1) in the present invention;
图4b展示了本发明中由不同降耦结构（例2）组成的隔离式地辐射天线的结构示意图；FIG4 b shows a schematic structural diagram of an isolated ground radiating antenna composed of different decoupling structures (Example 2) in the present invention;
图5a展示了本发明中隔离式地辐射天线的其它实施案例（例1）的结构示意图；FIG5 a shows a schematic structural diagram of another implementation example (Example 1) of the isolated ground radiating antenna of the present invention;
图5b展示了本发明中隔离式地辐射天线的其它实施案例（例2）的结构示意图；FIG5 b shows a schematic structural diagram of another implementation example (Example 2) of the isolated ground radiating antenna of the present invention;
图5c展示了本发明中隔离式地辐射天线的其它实施案例（例3）的结构示意图；FIG5 c shows a schematic structural diagram of another implementation example (Example 3) of the isolated ground radiating antenna of the present invention;
图5d展示了本发明中隔离式地辐射天线的其它实施案例（例4）的结构示意图；FIG5 d shows a schematic structural diagram of another implementation example (Example 4) of the isolated ground radiating antenna of the present invention;
图5e展示了本发明中隔离式地辐射天线的其它实施案例（例5）的结构示意图；FIG5e shows a schematic structural diagram of another implementation example (Example 5) of the isolated ground radiating antenna of the present invention;
图5f展示了本发明中隔离式地辐射天线的其它实施案例（例6）的结构示意图；FIG5 f shows a schematic structural diagram of another implementation example (Example 6) of the isolated ground radiating antenna of the present invention;
图6a是本发明实施例一中由隔离式地辐射天线和单极子天线组成的紧凑型高隔离度的MIMO天线系统第一种具体实施方式的示意图；FIG6a is a schematic diagram of a first specific implementation of a compact high-isolation MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and a monopole antenna in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图6b是本发明实施例一中由隔离式地辐射天线和单极子天线组成的紧凑型高隔离度的MIMO天线系统第二种具体实施方式的示意图；FIG6 b is a schematic diagram of a second specific implementation of a compact high-isolation MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and a monopole antenna in the first embodiment of the present invention;
图7a是本发明实施例二中由隔离式地辐射天线和倒F天线组成的紧凑型高隔离度的MIMO天线系统第一种具体实施方式的结构示意图；7a is a schematic structural diagram of a first specific implementation of a compact high-isolation MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and an inverted-F antenna in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图7b是本发明实施例二中由隔离式地辐射天线和倒F天线组成的紧凑型高隔离度的MIMO天线系统第二种具体实施方式的结构示意图；7b is a schematic structural diagram of a second specific implementation of a compact high-isolation MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and an inverted-F antenna in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图8a是本发明实施例三中由隔离式地辐射天线和环形天线组成的紧凑型高隔离度的MIMO天线系统第一种具体实施方式的结构示意图；FIG8a is a schematic structural diagram of a first specific implementation of a compact high-isolation MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and a loop antenna in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;
图8b是本发明实施例三中由隔离式地辐射天线和环形天线组成的紧凑型高隔离度的MIMO天线系统第二种具体实施方式的结构示意图；8b is a schematic structural diagram of a second specific implementation of a compact high-isolation MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and a loop antenna in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;
图9a是本发明实施例四中由隔离式地辐射天线和槽缝天线组成的紧凑型高隔离度的MIMO天线系统第一种具体实施方式的结构示意图；9a is a schematic structural diagram of a first specific implementation manner of a compact high-isolation MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and a slot antenna in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;
图9b是本发明实施例四中由隔离式地辐射天线和槽缝天线组成的紧凑型高隔离度的MIMO天线系统第二种具体实施方式的结构示意图；9b is a schematic structural diagram of a second specific implementation manner of a compact high-isolation MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and a slot antenna in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;
图10a是本发明实施例五中由隔离式地辐射天线和折叠式单极子天线组成的紧凑型高隔离度的MIMO天线系统第一种具体实施方式的结构示意图；10a is a schematic structural diagram of a first specific implementation of a compact high-isolation MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and a folded monopole antenna in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;
图10b是本发明实施例五中由隔离式地辐射天线和折叠式单极子天线组成的紧凑型高隔离度的MIMO天线系统第二种具体实施方式的结构示意图；10b is a schematic structural diagram of a second specific implementation of a compact high-isolation MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and a folded monopole antenna in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;
图11a是本发明实施例六中由隔离式地辐射天线和贴片天线组成的紧凑型高隔离度的MIMO天线系统第一种具体实施方式的结构示意图；FIG11a is a schematic structural diagram of a first specific implementation of a compact high-isolation MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and a patch antenna in Embodiment 6 of the present invention;
图11b是本发明实施例六中由隔离式地辐射天线和贴片天线组成的紧凑型高隔离度的MIMO天线系统第二种具体实施方式的结构示意图；11b is a schematic structural diagram of a second specific implementation of a compact high-isolation MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and a patch antenna in Embodiment 6 of the present invention;
图12展示了本发明中一种单频模式下的MIMO天线系统的S参数图；FIG12 shows an S-parameter diagram of a MIMO antenna system in a single-frequency mode according to the present invention;
图13展示了本发明中一种双频模式下的MIMO天线系统的S参数图。FIG. 13 shows an S-parameter diagram of a MIMO antenna system in a dual-frequency mode in the present invention.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细的说明，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的组件或具有相同或类似功能的组件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar components or components with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“长度”、“宽度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或组件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”、“第三”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first", "second", and "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”、“设置”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，还可以是两个组件内部的连通或两个组件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "install", "connect", "connect", "fix", "set" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components or the interaction relationship between two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
地辐射天线具有尺寸小、结构简单、加工简易、成本低、辐射性能优异等优点，其相关专利可以参考U.S. Pat. No.8581799B2、U.S. Pat. No.8604998B2、U.S. Pat.No.8648763B2、CN103441333B、 CN106058456B、CN205282637U、CN102771008B、CN102771009B、CN102696146B等。尽管地辐射天线在工业应用上得到了广泛的关注，但是由地辐射天线构成的紧凑型的MIMO天线系统仍然是一个技术难题。The ground radiating antenna has the advantages of small size, simple structure, easy processing, low cost, excellent radiation performance, etc. Its related patents can refer to U.S. Pat. No.8581799B2, U.S. Pat. No.8604998B2, U.S. Pat. No.8648763B2, CN103441333B, CN106058456B, CN205282637U, CN102771008B, CN102771009B, CN102696146B, etc. Although the ground radiating antenna has received extensive attention in industrial applications, the compact MIMO antenna system composed of the ground radiating antenna is still a technical problem.
通过深入研究地辐射天线的工作原理和MIMO天线的耦合原理，本发明提出了一种隔离式地辐射天线及其在MIMO天线系统中的应用。本发明在传统的地辐射天线上进行改造，通过结合一种简单且高效的降耦结构，得到了一种新型的隔离式地辐射天线。本发明中的隔离式地辐射天线可以与多种天线类型兼容（例如，单极子天线、倒F天线、环形天线、槽缝天线、折叠式单极子天线、贴片天线等），形成多种类型的紧凑型的MIMO天线系统，具有更加广泛的应用前景。By deeply studying the working principle of the ground radiating antenna and the coupling principle of the MIMO antenna, the present invention proposes an isolated ground radiating antenna and its application in the MIMO antenna system. The present invention makes modifications on the traditional ground radiating antenna and obtains a new type of isolated ground radiating antenna by combining a simple and efficient decoupling structure. The isolated ground radiating antenna in the present invention can be compatible with a variety of antenna types (for example, monopole antenna, inverted F antenna, loop antenna, slot antenna, folded monopole antenna, patch antenna, etc.), forming various types of compact MIMO antenna systems, which has a broader application prospect.
本发明提供的一种隔离式地辐射天线100，包括接地板102、激励结构120、共振结构140、降耦结构160、净空区104，所述净空区104为接地板102的侧边挖空的开口，所述接地板102铺设于印刷电路板上。所述激励结构120配置于净空区104内，用于馈入一射频信号和控制阻抗匹配；所述共振结构140至少包含一电容元件并配置在净空区内与净空区104共同形成环形共振体；所述降耦结构160与共振结构140的电容元件142共同形成位于净空区104外侧的环形降耦体，所述环形共振体与环形降耦体的电流模式方向相反。具体实施例参见如下。The present invention provides an isolated ground radiating antenna 100, comprising a ground plane 102, an excitation structure 120, a resonance structure 140, a decoupling structure 160, and a clearance area 104, wherein the clearance area 104 is an opening hollowed out from the side of the ground plane 102, and the ground plane 102 is laid on a printed circuit board. The excitation structure 120 is arranged in the clearance area 104, and is used to feed a radio frequency signal and control impedance matching; the resonance structure 140 includes at least one capacitor element and is arranged in the clearance area to form a ring resonator together with the clearance area 104; the decoupling structure 160 and the capacitor element 142 of the resonance structure 140 together form a ring decoupling body located outside the clearance area 104, and the current mode direction of the ring resonator is opposite to that of the ring decoupling body. Specific embodiments are as follows.
图1a是本发明中隔离式地辐射天线的其中一个具体实施例的结构示意图，图1b是由本发明中紧凑型的MIMO天线系统的其中一个具体实施例示意图，图1c则是天线系统的电流分布示意图，以阐述本发明的工作原理。FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of the structure of one specific embodiment of the isolated radiating antenna in the present invention, FIG. 1b is a schematic diagram of one specific embodiment of the compact MIMO antenna system in the present invention, and FIG. 1c is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna system, so as to illustrate the working principle of the present invention.
如图1a所示，并结合图1b，一种隔离式地辐射天线100，包括接地板102、激励结构120、共振结构140、降耦结构160、净空区104，所述净空区104为接地板102的侧边挖空的开口，所述接地板102铺设于印刷电路板上。As shown in Figure 1a and in combination with Figure 1b, an isolated ground radiating antenna 100 includes a ground plate 102, an excitation structure 120, a resonance structure 140, a coupling reduction structure 160, and a clearance area 104. The clearance area 104 is an opening hollowed out on the side of the ground plate 102, and the ground plate 102 is laid on a printed circuit board.
具体地，所述激励结构120包括第一馈电121、第一导线122、第一元器件123和第二导线124，配置于净空区104的内侧。第一元器件123的一端通过第一导线122连接至第一馈电121，第一馈电121与接地板102连接，第一元器件123的另一端通过第二导线124连接至接地板102。所述第一元器件123可以为导线、电感元件或者电容元件等。激励结构120作为天线的激励电路，可控制天线的阻抗匹配，并将第一馈电121中的RF信号耦合至共振结构140。Specifically, the excitation structure 120 includes a first feed 121, a first wire 122, a first component 123 and a second wire 124, which are arranged inside the clearance area 104. One end of the first component 123 is connected to the first feed 121 through the first wire 122, the first feed 121 is connected to the ground plane 102, and the other end of the first component 123 is connected to the ground plane 102 through the second wire 124. The first component 123 can be a wire, an inductor or a capacitor. As an excitation circuit of the antenna, the excitation structure 120 can control the impedance matching of the antenna and couple the RF signal in the first feed 121 to the resonant structure 140.
所述共振结构140包括第三导线141、第一电容元件142和第四导线143，配置于净空区104的开口一侧并形成在激励结构120的外侧。第一电容元件142的一端通过第三导线141连接至接地板102上，第一电容元件142的另一端通过第四导线143连接至接地板102上。如图1b所示，所述共振结构140与净空区104共同形成环形共振体106a，负责产生天线的共振。应当理解的是，所述共振结构140可以是一个或者多个，则所述环形共振体106a可以是一个或者多个，本发明实施例仅图示一个，但不应作为限制。The resonant structure 140 includes a third wire 141, a first capacitor element 142 and a fourth wire 143, which are arranged on the opening side of the clearance area 104 and formed on the outside of the excitation structure 120. One end of the first capacitor element 142 is connected to the ground plane 102 through the third wire 141, and the other end of the first capacitor element 142 is connected to the ground plane 102 through the fourth wire 143. As shown in Figure 1b, the resonant structure 140 and the clearance area 104 together form a ring resonator 106a, which is responsible for generating resonance of the antenna. It should be understood that the resonant structure 140 can be one or more, and the ring resonator 106a can be one or more. The embodiment of the present invention only illustrates one, but it should not be used as a limitation.
所述降耦结构160包括第五导线161，配置于净空区104的外侧。第五导线161的两端分别与接地板102相连，具体来说，第五导线161连接在第一电容元件142的两侧，因而，所述降耦结构160可形成一闭环。如图1b所示，降耦结构160与第一电容元件142共同形成位于净空区104外侧的环形降耦体106b。应当理解的是，所述降耦结构160可以是一个或者多个，则所述环形降耦体106b可以是一个或者多个，本发明实施例仅图示一个，但不应作为限制。The decoupling structure 160 includes a fifth wire 161, which is arranged outside the clearance area 104. The two ends of the fifth wire 161 are respectively connected to the ground plate 102. Specifically, the fifth wire 161 is connected to both sides of the first capacitor element 142, so that the decoupling structure 160 can form a closed loop. As shown in Figure 1b, the decoupling structure 160 and the first capacitor element 142 together form an annular decoupling body 106b located outside the clearance area 104. It should be understood that the decoupling structure 160 can be one or more, and the annular decoupling body 106b can be one or more. The embodiment of the present invention only shows one, but it should not be used as a limitation.
如图1b所示，并结合图1c，环形共振体106a在激励结构120的激发下，生成一围绕净空区104、流经共振结构140的电流模式。该电流模式可以广泛分布在接地板102上，从而将RF信号耦合至接地板102，利用接地板102作为天线的一部分进行辐射。反之，环形降耦体106b生成围绕降耦结构160、流经第一电容元件142的反向电流模式。该反向电流模式位于净空区104的外侧，且集中分布在降耦结构160上，而不分布在接地板102上。因而，该反向电流不改变接地板102上的电流分布，即，不改变天线的辐射性能。As shown in FIG. 1b and in combination with FIG. 1c, the annular resonator 106a generates a current mode around the clearance area 104 and flowing through the resonant structure 140 under the excitation of the excitation structure 120. This current mode can be widely distributed on the ground plane 102, thereby coupling the RF signal to the ground plane 102, and using the ground plane 102 as a part of the antenna for radiation. On the contrary, the annular decoupling body 106b generates a reverse current mode around the decoupling structure 160 and flowing through the first capacitive element 142. This reverse current mode is located outside the clearance area 104 and is concentrated on the decoupling structure 160, but not on the ground plane 102. Therefore, the reverse current does not change the current distribution on the ground plane 102, that is, it does not change the radiation performance of the antenna.
如图1b所示，并结合图1c，第二天线单元108a与隔离式地辐射天线100相邻设置或者相连设置，即两者之间的间距很小或直接相连。环形共振体106a上的电流模式和环形降耦体106b上相反的电流模式，可以抵消近场效应，即，通过环形共振体106a耦合到第二天线单元108的能量与通过环形降耦体106b耦合到第二天线单元108a的能量大小相当但相位相反，从而使隔离式地辐射天线100与第二天线单元108a产生电磁隔离。第二天线单元108a可以为单极子天线、倒F天线、环形天线、槽缝天线、折叠式单极子天线、贴片天线或其它变形结构。通过将第二天线单元108a与隔离式地辐射天线100集成为一体，可以得到高度紧凑型的2×2MIMO天线系统，从而简化MIMO天线系统的收发电路。本发明中对第二天线单元108a的结构、类型、连接方式等不做出限制。As shown in FIG. 1b and in combination with FIG. 1c, the second antenna unit 108a is arranged adjacent to or connected to the isolated ground radiating antenna 100, that is, the distance between the two is very small or directly connected. The current mode on the annular resonator 106a and the opposite current mode on the annular decoupling body 106b can offset the near-field effect, that is, the energy coupled to the second antenna unit 108 through the annular resonator 106a is equivalent to the energy coupled to the second antenna unit 108a through the annular decoupling body 106b but the phase is opposite, so that the isolated ground radiating antenna 100 and the second antenna unit 108a are electromagnetically isolated. The second antenna unit 108a can be a monopole antenna, an inverted F antenna, a loop antenna, a slot antenna, a folded monopole antenna, a patch antenna or other deformed structures. By integrating the second antenna unit 108a with the isolated ground radiating antenna 100, a highly compact 2×2 MIMO antenna system can be obtained, thereby simplifying the transceiver circuit of the MIMO antenna system. The present invention does not limit the structure, type, connection method, etc. of the second antenna unit 108a.
根据本发明的实施例，所述电容元件具有电容成分，可以为集总元件，例如芯片电容器、变容二极管、晶体管等，也可以为分布元件，例如平行导线、传输线等。此外，电容元件可由一单一电容元件构成，也可以由多个电容元件彼此连接构成。为获得某特定电容，可使用多个元件的组合代替电容元件，例如，电容元件可由电容元件与电感元件的组合结构代替。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the capacitor element has a capacitance component, which can be a lumped element, such as a chip capacitor, a varactor diode, a transistor, etc., or a distributed element, such as a parallel wire, a transmission line, etc. In addition, the capacitor element can be composed of a single capacitor element, or can be composed of a plurality of capacitor elements connected to each other. In order to obtain a certain specific capacitance, a combination of a plurality of elements can be used to replace the capacitor element, for example, the capacitor element can be replaced by a combination structure of a capacitor element and an inductor element.
根据本发明的实施例，所述电感元件具有电感成分，可以为集总元件，例如芯片电感器、芯片电阻器等，也可以为分布元件，例如导线、线圈等。同样，电感元件可由一单一电感元件构成，也可以由多个电感元件彼此连接构成。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the inductor element has an inductance component, and may be a lumped element, such as a chip inductor, a chip resistor, etc., or a distributed element, such as a wire, a coil, etc. Similarly, the inductor element may be composed of a single inductor element, or may be composed of a plurality of inductors connected to each other.
图2展示了本发明中由不同激励结构组成的隔离式地辐射天线的结构示意图。FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of an isolated ground radiating antenna composed of different excitation structures in the present invention.
所述激励结构120可以以不同的构造方式来激发共振结构140并控制天线的阻抗匹配。如图2a所示，激励结构120可以构成一个以上的激励电路，从而实现更复杂的功能，例如，宽频带内的阻抗匹配、多频带内的阻抗匹配等。如图2b所示，激励结构120可以根据其结构、位置或连接方式等来构成不同的实施例。如图2c所示，激励结构120也可以通过分布式电容或电感来实现激励和阻抗匹配。激励结构120可根据其位置、连接方式等具有不同的表现形式，因而，本发明对激励结构120的具体结构、类型和连接方式等不作出具体限制。The excitation structure 120 can be constructed in different ways to excite the resonant structure 140 and control the impedance matching of the antenna. As shown in FIG. 2a, the excitation structure 120 can constitute more than one excitation circuit to achieve more complex functions, such as impedance matching within a wide frequency band, impedance matching within multiple frequency bands, etc. As shown in FIG. 2b, the excitation structure 120 can constitute different embodiments according to its structure, position or connection method, etc. As shown in FIG. 2c, the excitation structure 120 can also achieve excitation and impedance matching through distributed capacitance or inductance. The excitation structure 120 can have different forms of expression according to its position, connection method, etc. Therefore, the present invention does not make specific restrictions on the specific structure, type and connection method of the excitation structure 120.
图3展示了本发明中由不同共振结构组成的隔离式地辐射天线的结构示意图。FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of an isolated ground radiating antenna composed of different resonant structures in the present invention.
所述共振结构140产生天线的共振，并利用净空区104将RF信号耦合至接地板102。因而，共振结构140亦有多种实施例来实现相同的目的。如图3a所示,共振结构140可以配置在净空区104外侧，占用净空区104之外的空间。如图3b所示,共振结构140也可以配置在净空区140的内侧。如图3c和3d所示,共振结构140可以在净空区104内连接第一分支301，所述第一分支301包含第二元器件302，从而在共振结构140内构成一个或多个环形共振体，继而在一个或多个频带内产生共振。所有共振结构140的共同特征为，配置在净空区的开口一侧，且至少包含一个电容元件，从而与净空区一同构成一个或多个环形共振体。The resonant structure 140 generates resonance of the antenna and utilizes the clearance area 104 to couple the RF signal to the ground plane 102. Therefore, the resonant structure 140 also has multiple embodiments to achieve the same purpose. As shown in FIG3a, the resonant structure 140 can be configured outside the clearance area 104, occupying the space outside the clearance area 104. As shown in FIG3b, the resonant structure 140 can also be configured inside the clearance area 140. As shown in FIGS. 3c and 3d, the resonant structure 140 can be connected to a first branch 301 in the clearance area 104, and the first branch 301 includes a second component 302, thereby forming one or more annular resonators in the resonant structure 140, and then generating resonance in one or more frequency bands. The common feature of all resonant structures 140 is that they are configured on one side of the opening of the clearance area and include at least one capacitive element, thereby forming one or more annular resonators together with the clearance area.
图4展示了本发明中由不同降耦结构组成的隔离式地辐射天线的结构示意图。FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of an isolated ground radiating antenna composed of different decoupling structures in the present invention.
所述降耦结构160配置于净空区104外侧并连接在第一电容元件142的两端，构成环形降耦体106b，以实现天线间的降耦效果，因而降耦结构160也有多种实施例来实现同样的降耦效果。如图4a所示，降耦结构160包含第一电感元件401，以调节环形降耦体106b的有效电流长度，实现降耦结构160的小型化。如图4b所示，降耦结构160内连接第二分支402，所述第二分支402包含第三元器件403，从而在降耦结构160内形成一个或多个环形降耦体106b，以实现在宽频带或多频带内的降耦。所有降耦结构160的共同特征为，配置在净空区的外侧，并以闭合回路的形式连接在第一电容元件142的两端，与第一电容元件142一同构成一个或多个环形降耦体。The decoupling structure 160 is arranged outside the clearance area 104 and connected to the two ends of the first capacitor element 142 to form an annular decoupling body 106b to achieve the decoupling effect between antennas, so the decoupling structure 160 also has multiple embodiments to achieve the same decoupling effect. As shown in Figure 4a, the decoupling structure 160 includes a first inductor element 401 to adjust the effective current length of the annular decoupling body 106b to achieve the miniaturization of the decoupling structure 160. As shown in Figure 4b, the decoupling structure 160 is connected to a second branch 402, and the second branch 402 includes a third component 403, so that one or more annular decoupling bodies 106b are formed in the decoupling structure 160 to achieve decoupling in a wide band or multiple bands. The common feature of all decoupling structures 160 is that they are arranged outside the clearance area and connected to the two ends of the first capacitor element 142 in the form of a closed loop, and together with the first capacitor element 142, form one or more annular decoupling bodies.
图5展示了本发明中隔离式地辐射天线的其它实施案例的结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram showing another implementation example of the isolated ground radiating antenna of the present invention.
如图5a所示，净空区104可以是位于接地板102一侧或者相邻两侧的侧边挖空的开口。如图5b-5f所示，根据共振结构140和降耦结构160的形状、数量、位置关系、连接方式等，可以有多种组合形式，可实现多频共振、多频带内的降耦效果或其它更高级的功能。As shown in Fig. 5a, the clearance area 104 may be an opening hollowed out on one side or two adjacent sides of the ground plate 102. As shown in Figs. 5b-5f, according to the shape, quantity, positional relationship, connection mode, etc. of the resonance structure 140 and the decoupling structure 160, there may be a variety of combinations, which may realize multi-frequency resonance, decoupling effects in multiple frequency bands or other more advanced functions.
本发明实施例还提供了一种MIMO天线系统，包括上述实施例所述的隔离式地辐射天线，还包括第二天线单元，所述第二天线单元与隔离式地辐射天线相邻设置或相连设置，具体阐述如下。An embodiment of the present invention further provides a MIMO antenna system, comprising the isolated ground radiating antenna described in the above embodiment, and further comprising a second antenna unit, wherein the second antenna unit is arranged adjacent to or connected to the isolated ground radiating antenna, as described in detail as follows.
图6是本发明中由隔离式地辐射天线和单极子天线组成的紧凑型的MIMO天线系统实施例一的示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a compact MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and a monopole antenna in the present invention.
如图6a所示，第一天线单元100的电路结构与图1a相同，第二天线单元为一单极子天线600，包括第二馈电601和第六导线602。所述单极子天线600与隔离式地辐射天线100相邻设置，两者之间的间距很小，构成一紧凑型的MIMO天线系统。第六导线602作为单极子天线600的辐射体，长度约为1/4个波长。因而，该单极子天线600通常在第二馈电601附近产生电流最大值，在第六导线602的顶端产生电流最小值。如图6b所示，单极子天线600可与隔离式地辐射天线100直接相连，并共用第五导线161作为第六导线602的一部分。因而，所述单极子天线600与隔离式地辐射天线100可构成高度紧凑的MIMO天线系统，并具有高隔离度和低相关性。As shown in FIG6a, the circuit structure of the first antenna unit 100 is the same as that of FIG1a, and the second antenna unit is a monopole antenna 600, including a second feed 601 and a sixth conductor 602. The monopole antenna 600 is arranged adjacent to the isolated ground radiating antenna 100, and the distance between the two is very small, forming a compact MIMO antenna system. The sixth conductor 602 is a radiator of the monopole antenna 600, and the length is about 1/4 wavelength. Therefore, the monopole antenna 600 usually generates a maximum current near the second feed 601 and a minimum current at the top of the sixth conductor 602. As shown in FIG6b, the monopole antenna 600 can be directly connected to the isolated ground radiating antenna 100, and the fifth conductor 161 is shared as a part of the sixth conductor 602. Therefore, the monopole antenna 600 and the isolated ground radiating antenna 100 can form a highly compact MIMO antenna system with high isolation and low correlation.
图7是本发明中由隔离式地辐射天线和倒F天线组成的紧凑型的MIMO天线系统实施例二的示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a compact MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and an inverted-F antenna in the present invention.
如图7a所示，第一天线单元100的电路结构与图1a相同，第二天线单元为一倒F天线700，包括第三馈电701、第七导线702、辐射线703。所述倒F天线700与隔离式地辐射天线100相邻设置，两者之间的间距很小，构成一紧凑型的MIMO天线系统。辐射线703的一端与接地板102连接，一端开口。辐射线703作为倒F天线700的辐射体，长度约为1/4个波长。第七导线702一端连接第三馈电701，一端连接辐射线703，作为倒F天线700的激励结构，控制阻抗匹配。所述倒F天线700通常在第三馈电701附近产生电流最大值，在辐射线703的顶端产生电流最小值。如图7b所示，倒F天线700可与隔离式地辐射天线100直接相连，并共用第五导线161作为倒F天线700的一部分。因而，所述倒F天线700与隔离式地辐射天线100可构成一高度紧凑的MIMO天线系统，并具有高隔离度和低相关性。As shown in FIG. 7a , the circuit structure of the first antenna unit 100 is the same as that of FIG. 1a , and the second antenna unit is an inverted F antenna 700 , including a third feed 701 , a seventh conductor 702 , and a radiating line 703 . The inverted F antenna 700 is arranged adjacent to the isolated ground radiating antenna 100 , and the distance between the two is very small, forming a compact MIMO antenna system. One end of the radiating line 703 is connected to the ground plate 102 , and the other end is open. The radiating line 703 is used as the radiator of the inverted F antenna 700 , and the length is about 1/4 wavelength. One end of the seventh conductor 702 is connected to the third feed 701 , and the other end is connected to the radiating line 703 , which is used as the excitation structure of the inverted F antenna 700 to control impedance matching. The inverted F antenna 700 usually generates a maximum current near the third feed 701 and a minimum current at the top of the radiating line 703 . As shown in FIG. 7b , the inverted F antenna 700 can be directly connected to the isolated ground radiating antenna 100 , and the fifth conductor 161 is shared as part of the inverted F antenna 700 . Therefore, the inverted-F antenna 700 and the isolated ground radiating antenna 100 can form a highly compact MIMO antenna system with high isolation and low correlation.
图8是本发明中由隔离式地辐射天线和环形天线组成的紧凑型的MIMO天线系统实施例三的示意图。FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a compact MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and a loop antenna in the present invention.
如图8a所示，第一天线单元100的电路结构与图1a相同，第二天线单元为一环形天线800，由第四馈电801和第八导线802构成。所述环形天线800与隔离式地辐射天线100相邻设置，两者之间的间距很小，构成一紧凑型的MIMO天线系统。第八导线802的一端与接地板102相连，一端与第四馈电801相连，第八导线802总长度约为1/2个波长。所述环形天线800通常在第四馈电801附近和第八导线802的接地端附近产生电流最大值，在第八导线802的中间部分产生电流最小值。如图8b所示，环形天线800可与隔离式地辐射天线100直接相连，并共用第五导线161作为环形天线800的一部分。因而，所述环形天线800与隔离式地辐射天线100可构成高度紧凑的MIMO天线系统，并具有高隔离度和低相关性。As shown in FIG8a, the circuit structure of the first antenna unit 100 is the same as that of FIG1a, and the second antenna unit is a loop antenna 800, which is composed of a fourth feed 801 and an eighth conductor 802. The loop antenna 800 is arranged adjacent to the isolated ground radiating antenna 100, and the distance between the two is very small, forming a compact MIMO antenna system. One end of the eighth conductor 802 is connected to the ground plate 102, and the other end is connected to the fourth feed 801. The total length of the eighth conductor 802 is about 1/2 wavelength. The loop antenna 800 usually generates a maximum current near the fourth feed 801 and near the ground end of the eighth conductor 802, and generates a minimum current in the middle part of the eighth conductor 802. As shown in FIG8b, the loop antenna 800 can be directly connected to the isolated ground radiating antenna 100, and the fifth conductor 161 is shared as a part of the loop antenna 800. Therefore, the loop antenna 800 and the isolated ground radiating antenna 100 can form a highly compact MIMO antenna system with high isolation and low correlation.
图9是本发明中由隔离式地辐射天线和槽缝天线组成的紧凑型的MIMO天线系统实施例四的示意图。FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of a compact MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and a slot antenna in the present invention.
如图9a所示，第一天线单元100的电路结构与图1a相同，第二天线单元为一槽缝天线900，包括第五馈电901、第九导线902、第二电容元件903。所述槽缝天线900与隔离式地辐射天线100相邻设置，两者之间的间距很小，构成一紧凑型的MIMO天线系统。第九导线902的两端分别连接接地板102和第五馈电901。第九导线902上连有第二电容元件903，因而第二电容元件903可控制槽缝天线的共振频率，并实现天线的小型化。如图9b所示，槽缝天线900可与隔离式地辐射天线100直接相连，并共用第五导线161作为槽缝天线900的一部分。因而，所述槽缝天线900与隔离式地辐射天线100可构成一高度紧凑的MIMO天线系统，并具有高隔离度和低相关性。As shown in FIG. 9a, the circuit structure of the first antenna unit 100 is the same as that of FIG. 1a, and the second antenna unit is a slot antenna 900, including a fifth feed 901, a ninth conductor 902, and a second capacitor element 903. The slot antenna 900 is arranged adjacent to the isolated ground radiating antenna 100, and the distance between the two is very small, forming a compact MIMO antenna system. The two ends of the ninth conductor 902 are respectively connected to the ground plate 102 and the fifth feed 901. The second capacitor element 903 is connected to the ninth conductor 902, so the second capacitor element 903 can control the resonant frequency of the slot antenna and realize the miniaturization of the antenna. As shown in FIG. 9b, the slot antenna 900 can be directly connected to the isolated ground radiating antenna 100, and the fifth conductor 161 is shared as a part of the slot antenna 900. Therefore, the slot antenna 900 and the isolated ground radiating antenna 100 can form a highly compact MIMO antenna system with high isolation and low correlation.
图10是本发明中由隔离式地辐射天线和折叠式单极子天线组成的紧凑型的MIMO天线系统实施例五的示意图。FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a fifth embodiment of a compact MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and a folded monopole antenna according to the present invention.
如图10a所示，第一天线单元100的电路结构与图1a相同，第二天线单元为一折叠单极子天线1000，由第六馈电1001、第十导线1002、第十一导线1003和第十二导线1004依次连接而成。所述折叠式单极子天线1000与隔离式地辐射天线100相邻设置，两者之间的间距很小，构成一紧凑型的MIMO天线系统。第十导线1002的长度约等于第十二导线1004的长度，约为1/4个波长。第十导线1002和第十二导线1004的间距很小。所述折叠式单极子天线1000通常在第十一导线1003附近产生电流最小值。如图10b所示，折叠单极子天线1000可与隔离式地辐射天线100直接相连，并共用第五导线161作为折叠单极子天线1000的一部分。因而，所述折叠单极子天线1000与隔离式地辐射天线100可构成一高度紧凑的MIMO天线系统，并具有高隔离度和低相关性。As shown in FIG. 10a, the circuit structure of the first antenna unit 100 is the same as that of FIG. 1a, and the second antenna unit is a folded monopole antenna 1000, which is formed by connecting the sixth feed 1001, the tenth wire 1002, the eleventh wire 1003 and the twelfth wire 1004 in sequence. The folded monopole antenna 1000 is arranged adjacent to the isolated ground radiating antenna 100, and the distance between the two is very small, forming a compact MIMO antenna system. The length of the tenth wire 1002 is approximately equal to the length of the twelfth wire 1004, which is about 1/4 wavelength. The distance between the tenth wire 1002 and the twelfth wire 1004 is very small. The folded monopole antenna 1000 usually generates a current minimum near the eleventh wire 1003. As shown in FIG. 10b, the folded monopole antenna 1000 can be directly connected to the isolated ground radiating antenna 100, and the fifth wire 161 is shared as a part of the folded monopole antenna 1000. Therefore, the folded monopole antenna 1000 and the isolated ground radiating antenna 100 can form a highly compact MIMO antenna system with high isolation and low correlation.
图11是本发明中由隔离式地辐射天线和贴片天线组成的紧凑型的MIMO天线系统实施例六的示意图。FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a sixth embodiment of a compact MIMO antenna system composed of an isolated ground radiating antenna and a patch antenna in the present invention.
如图11a所示，第一天线单元100的电路结构与图1a相同，第二天线单元为一贴片天线1100，包括第七馈电1101、一馈电线1102和一贴片1103。所述贴片天线1100与隔离式地辐射天线100相邻设置，两者之间的间距很小，构成一紧凑型的MIMO天线系统。贴片1103作为天线的辐射体，长度约为1/2个波长，控制天线的共振，并由馈电线1102进行激发。如图11b所示，贴片天线1100可与隔离式地辐射天线100直接相连，并共用第五导线161作为馈电线1102的一部分。因而，所述贴片天线1100与隔离式地辐射天线100可构成一高度紧凑的MIMO天线系统，并具有高隔离度和低相关性。As shown in FIG11a, the circuit structure of the first antenna unit 100 is the same as that of FIG1a, and the second antenna unit is a patch antenna 1100, including a seventh feed 1101, a feed line 1102 and a patch 1103. The patch antenna 1100 is arranged adjacent to the isolated ground radiating antenna 100, and the distance between the two is very small, forming a compact MIMO antenna system. The patch 1103 is a radiator of the antenna, with a length of about 1/2 wavelength, controls the resonance of the antenna, and is excited by the feed line 1102. As shown in FIG11b, the patch antenna 1100 can be directly connected to the isolated ground radiating antenna 100, and share the fifth wire 161 as a part of the feed line 1102. Therefore, the patch antenna 1100 and the isolated ground radiating antenna 100 can form a highly compact MIMO antenna system with high isolation and low correlation.
由上述可知，第二天线单元108a可以是单极子天线、倒F天线、环形天线、槽缝天线、折叠式单极子天线、贴片天线等多种类型，均可与隔离式地辐射天线100兼容，构成具有高隔离度的紧凑型的MIMO天线系统。此外，根据设计要求、天线结构、天线类型、以及设置位置等的不同，可以有多种实施案例，例如，第二天线可以采用多种激励电路、电容元件、电感元件等以实现小型化、宽频带、多频带、极化等不同的性能指标。本发明中对第二天线单元的结构、类型、设置位置、连接方式等不做出限制。因而，本发明的紧凑型的MIMO天线系统可以通过隔离式地辐射天线与其它任意一种天线类型的兼容而实现，在现有技术中尚属首次，具有更广阔的应用场景。As can be seen from the above, the second antenna unit 108a can be a monopole antenna, an inverted F antenna, a loop antenna, a slot antenna, a folded monopole antenna, a patch antenna, etc., all of which are compatible with the isolated ground radiating antenna 100 to form a compact MIMO antenna system with high isolation. In addition, according to the design requirements, antenna structure, antenna type, and setting position, there can be a variety of implementation cases. For example, the second antenna can use a variety of excitation circuits, capacitor elements, inductor elements, etc. to achieve different performance indicators such as miniaturization, wideband, multi-band, polarization, etc. The present invention does not limit the structure, type, setting position, connection method, etc. of the second antenna unit. Therefore, the compact MIMO antenna system of the present invention can be realized by the compatibility of the isolated ground radiating antenna with any other type of antenna, which is the first time in the prior art and has a wider application scenario.
图12展示了本发明中一种单频模式下的紧凑型的MIMO天线系统的S参数图。FIG. 12 shows an S-parameter diagram of a compact MIMO antenna system in a single-frequency mode according to the present invention.
如图12所示，第一曲线12a是隔离式地辐射天线100产生的反射系数，第二曲线12b是由第二天线单元108a产生的反射系数。两个天线的中心频率均在3.5GHz附近，具有宽带特性。第三曲线12c是两个天线之间的反向传输系数，代表了天线之间的耦合度，可以得知，第三曲线12c在工作频带内产生了一个耦合峰谷，从而可确保天线之间产生较高的隔离度（20dB以上）。此外，该紧凑型MIMO天线的辐射效率均在80%以上，且仿真中得到的相关度（ECC）低于0.1。因而，本发明中的紧凑型的MIMO天线系统具有隔离度高、辐射性能好、相关性低等特点，适用于MIMO天线系统的应用。As shown in Figure 12, the first curve 12a is the reflection coefficient generated by the isolated radiating antenna 100, and the second curve 12b is the reflection coefficient generated by the second antenna unit 108a. The center frequencies of the two antennas are both around 3.5 GHz, and have broadband characteristics. The third curve 12c is the reverse transmission coefficient between the two antennas, which represents the coupling degree between the antennas. It can be seen that the third curve 12c generates a coupling peak and valley within the working frequency band, thereby ensuring a high isolation degree (above 20 dB) between the antennas. In addition, the radiation efficiency of the compact MIMO antenna is above 80%, and the correlation (ECC) obtained in the simulation is less than 0.1. Therefore, the compact MIMO antenna system in the present invention has the characteristics of high isolation, good radiation performance, low correlation, etc., and is suitable for the application of MIMO antenna systems.
图13展示了本发明中一种双频模式下的紧凑型的MIMO天线系统的S参数图。FIG. 13 shows an S-parameter diagram of a compact MIMO antenna system in a dual-frequency mode according to the present invention.
结合图3至图5，可知，隔离式地辐射天线100可产生一个或多个共振，并且通过一个或多个降耦结构160，实现在单频段或多频段内的降耦效果。如图13所示，第一曲线13a和第二曲线13b分别是隔离式地辐射天线100和第二天线单元108a产生的反射系数。两个天线同时在3.5GHz和5.3GHz两个频段内产生共振。第三曲线13c为天线之间的反向传输系数，代表天线间的耦合度，可以得知，两个频段内的隔离度均在17dB以上。因而，本发明中的隔离式地辐射天线也适用于多频段模式下的紧凑型的MIMO天线系统。In combination with Figures 3 to 5, it can be seen that the isolated ground radiating antenna 100 can generate one or more resonances, and through one or more decoupling structures 160, a decoupling effect in a single frequency band or multiple frequency bands can be achieved. As shown in Figure 13, the first curve 13a and the second curve 13b are the reflection coefficients generated by the isolated ground radiating antenna 100 and the second antenna unit 108a, respectively. The two antennas resonate in the two frequency bands of 3.5GHz and 5.3GHz at the same time. The third curve 13c is the reverse transmission coefficient between the antennas, which represents the coupling degree between the antennas. It can be seen that the isolation in the two frequency bands is above 17dB. Therefore, the isolated ground radiating antenna in the present invention is also suitable for compact MIMO antenna systems in multi-band mode.
综上所述，上述实施例相比现有技术，具有如下特点：In summary, compared with the prior art, the above embodiment has the following characteristics:
1）本发明中的隔离式地辐射天线可兼容多种类型的天线，构成高度紧凑的MIMO天线系统，具有结构紧凑、单元尺寸小、单元间距近、隔离度高、相关性低等特点，具有更广阔的的应用场景；1) The isolated ground-radiating antenna in the present invention is compatible with various types of antennas to form a highly compact MIMO antenna system, which has the characteristics of compact structure, small unit size, close unit spacing, high isolation, low correlation, etc., and has a wider range of application scenarios;
2）本发明中的紧凑型的MIMO天线系统不仅适用于单频带，也适用于多频带。2) The compact MIMO antenna system in the present invention is applicable not only to a single frequency band but also to multiple frequency bands.
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，并非对本发明做出任何形式上的限制，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也是为本发明的保护范围。The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911244425.6ACN110829026B (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2019-12-06 | An isolated ground radiating antenna and a MIMO antenna system |
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| CN201911244425.6ACN110829026B (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2019-12-06 | An isolated ground radiating antenna and a MIMO antenna system |
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| CN110829026A CN110829026A (en) | 2020-02-21 |
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| CN201911244425.6AActiveCN110829026B (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2019-12-06 | An isolated ground radiating antenna and a MIMO antenna system |
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| TR01 | Transfer of patent right | Effective date of registration:20250624 Address after:518000 Guangdong Province Shenzhen City Longgang District Bujia Street Bujixu Community Jihua Road 69 Central Plaza Building B Office 8F-29 Patentee after:Shenzhen Ant SatCom Technology Co.,Ltd. Country or region after:China Address before:Group 15, Hongqi Village, Qitamu Town, Jiutai City, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130513 Patentee before:Pu Haiyan Country or region before:China |