CN110809292A - A joint handover method based on load balancing in low-orbit satellite communication - Google Patents
A joint handover method based on load balancing in low-orbit satellite communicationDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种低轨卫星通信中基于负载均衡的联合切换方法，尤其涉及一种低轨卫星通信中的切换方法、切换流程以及切换目标卫星的选择方法，属于卫星通信切换技术领域。The invention relates to a joint handover method based on load balancing in low-orbit satellite communication, in particular to a handover method in low-orbit satellite communication, a handover process and a method for selecting a target satellite for handover, belonging to the technical field of satellite communication handover.
背景技术Background technique
卫星通信系统中切换技术一直是研究的热点，在用户与网络处于连接状态时，由于卫星相对地面快速运动，移动用户原来的服务卫星可能因距离卫星星下点太远导致用户接收信号强度变弱。当移动用户接收到的信号强度不能满足服务要求时，为保证通信的连续，网络就要为用户选择另一颗合适的卫星，并将移动用户切换到该卫星并建立无线连接。若此时不进行切换，移动用户可能会因接收到的信号强度过弱而产生掉话。The handover technology in the satellite communication system has always been a research hotspot. When the user is connected to the network, due to the rapid movement of the satellite relative to the ground, the original serving satellite of the mobile user may be too far away from the satellite sub-satellite. The signal strength of the user weakens. . When the signal strength received by the mobile user cannot meet the service requirements, in order to ensure the continuity of communication, the network must select another suitable satellite for the user, switch the mobile user to this satellite and establish a wireless connection. If the handover is not performed at this time, the mobile user may drop the call because the received signal strength is too weak.
卫星通信系统切换过程分三个阶段：第一阶段是切换测量，由移动用户(UE)和服务卫星通过测量控制和测量报告的信令交互完成的。第二阶段是切换判决，指的是切换判决方法，在卫星中完成。第三阶段为切换完成阶段，指通过信令交互完成切换的过程，由UE、卫星、地面信关站共同完成。同频切换一般采用基于A3事件的切换方法，当UE测量的邻区信号强度大于当前小区信号强度，且差值大于一定门限值(Hyst)的时候，就会触发A3事件。如果触发A3事件后持续时间大于迟滞门限(TTT)，UE就会向卫星发送A3事件的测量报告，卫星根据测量报告进行切换判决，若满足条件则发起切换，执行整个的切换流程。The handover process of the satellite communication system is divided into three stages: the first stage is handover measurement, which is completed by the interaction between the mobile user (UE) and the serving satellite through the signaling of measurement control and measurement report. The second stage is the handover decision, which refers to the handover decision method, which is done in the satellite. The third stage is the handover completion stage, which refers to the process of completing the handover through signaling interaction, which is jointly completed by the UE, the satellite, and the ground gateway. In-frequency handover generally adopts the handover method based on the A3 event. When the signal strength of the neighboring cell measured by the UE is greater than the signal strength of the current cell, and the difference is greater than a certain threshold (Hyst), the A3 event will be triggered. If the duration after triggering the A3 event is greater than the hysteresis threshold (TTT), the UE will send a measurement report of the A3 event to the satellite, and the satellite will make a handover decision based on the measurement report.
由于卫星相对于地面高速的运动，移动用户将面临频繁的波束间以及卫星间的切换，传统的基于A3事件的切换方法已经并不能满足低轨卫星系统的要求。在传统的切换方法中仅以参考信号接收限号功率作为判决的条件，忽略了信道变化引起的噪声干扰。例如：当服务卫星RSRP较大，信道噪声也较大时，基于传统的切换方法此时并未发起切换，但受到噪声的影响，通信质量必定较差。另外卫星负载能力有限，传统方法另一明显缺陷就是未能考虑负载均衡的情况，例如当某卫星发生过载时，系统未能及时进行负载调整，此时该卫星无线资源不能满足大量用户的需求，便会造成切换失败率和掉话率的提高。而相邻卫星可能接入用户较小，无线资源利用率较低，造成大量的资源浪费。Due to the high-speed movement of satellites relative to the ground, mobile users will face frequent handovers between beams and between satellites. Traditional handover methods based on A3 events cannot meet the requirements of low-orbit satellite systems. In the traditional handover method, only the received signal-limited power of the reference signal is used as the decision condition, and the noise interference caused by the channel change is ignored. For example, when the RSRP of the serving satellite is relatively large and the channel noise is relatively large, the handover is not initiated at this time based on the traditional handover method, but due to the influence of the noise, the communication quality must be poor. In addition, the satellite load capacity is limited. Another obvious defect of the traditional method is that it fails to consider the load balancing situation. For example, when a satellite is overloaded, the system fails to adjust the load in time. At this time, the satellite wireless resources cannot meet the needs of a large number of users. This will result in an increase in the handover failure rate and call drop rate. On the other hand, the adjacent satellites may have smaller access users, and the utilization rate of wireless resources is low, resulting in a lot of waste of resources.
其中，参考信号接收限号功率，即Reference Signal Receiving Quality，简称RSRP。Among them, the reference signal receiving limit power, that is, Reference Signal Receiving Quality, RSRP for short.
传统的切换方法忽略了噪声干扰以及卫星负载均衡的情况，对系统的整体性能有不小的影响，因此对传统方法的改进还有着较大的提升空间。本发明正是为了解决上述传统方法的两点缺陷，提出基于卫星负载均衡的联合切换判决方法，并提出了基于卫星负载与移动用户接收信号强度的多属性决策的切换目标卫星选择方法。The traditional handover method ignores the situation of noise interference and satellite load balancing, which has a considerable impact on the overall performance of the system. Therefore, there is still a large room for improvement of the traditional method. In order to solve the above two defects of the traditional method, the present invention proposes a joint handover decision method based on satellite load balancing, and a handover target satellite selection method based on multi-attribute decision of satellite load and mobile user received signal strength.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于解决传统切换方法未考虑信道噪声干扰和负载均衡无法适用于低轨卫星通信系统的技术缺陷，提出了一种低轨卫星通信中基于负载均衡的联合切换方法，实现了基于移动用户接收相邻卫星的信号强度，以及相邻卫星负载情况的多属性决策的目标卫星选择。The purpose of the invention is to solve the technical defect that the traditional handover method does not consider the channel noise interference and load balancing and cannot be applied to the low-orbit satellite communication system, and proposes a joint handover method based on load balancing in the low-orbit satellite communication. The user receives the signal strength of the adjacent satellites, and the target satellite selection of the multi-attribute decision-making of the adjacent satellite loading conditions.
所述联合切换方法，包括以下具体步骤：The joint handover method includes the following specific steps:
步骤一：计算各卫星负载情况，判断是否存在过载卫星，若存在过载卫星则进入步骤二，若不存在过载卫星则跳至步骤八；Step 1: Calculate the load of each satellite to determine whether there is an overloaded satellite. If there is an overloaded satellite, go to Step 2, and if there is no overloaded satellite, skip to Step 8;
步骤二：按照过载卫星中移动用户接收到的信号强度由小到大的顺序生成切换用户列表；Step 2: Generate a switching user list in descending order of the signal strength received by the mobile user in the overloaded satellite;
步骤三：通过公式(1)计算移动用户接收到相邻卫星的信号强度：Step 3: Calculate the signal strength of the adjacent satellites received by the mobile user by formula (1):
P＝Pt-Lr(d)-Ls(d)-Lf(d)-LRa(d) (1)P=Pt -Lr (d)-Ls (d)-Lf (d)-LRa (d)(1)
其中，Pt为相邻卫星的发射功率，P为移动用户接受到的信号强度，Lr(d)为路径损耗，Ls(d)为阴影衰落，Lf(d)为快衰落，LRa(d)为雨衰，d为卫星到移动用户的直线距离；Among them, Pt is the transmit power of the adjacent satellite, P is the signal strength received by the mobile user, Lr (d) is the path loss, Ls (d) is the shadow fading, Lf (d) is the fast fading, LRa (d) is the rain attenuation, d is the straight-line distance from the satellite to the mobile user;
其中，卫星到移动用户的直线距离d的计算过程，包括如下步骤：Among them, the calculation process of the straight-line distance d from the satellite to the mobile user includes the following steps:
3.A通过公式(2)计算卫星覆盖半径R：3.A calculates the satellite coverage radius R by formula (2):
R＝Re·sinθ (2)R=Re ·sinθ (2)
其中，Re为地球半径，θ为地心角；Among them,Re is the radius of the earth, and θ is the geocentric angle;
3.B再通过公式(3)计算卫星到移动用户的直线距离d：3.B calculates the straight-line distance d from the satellite to the mobile user by formula (3):
其中，α是星下角，R为卫星覆盖半径；Among them, α is the sub-satellite angle, R is the satellite coverage radius;
步骤四：星间负载信息交互，具体为：卫星A向卫星B发送RESOURCE STATUSREQUEST消息触发负载信息交互过程，卫星B通过RESOURCE STATUS UPDATE消息周期性的向卫星A上报负载情况；Step 4: Inter-satellite load information exchange, specifically: satellite A sends a RESOURCE STATUSREQUEST message to satellite B to trigger the load information exchange process, and satellite B periodically reports the load situation to satellite A through the RESOURCE STATUS UPDATE message;
至此，通过上述步骤三和步骤四得到了移动用户接收到相邻卫星的信号强度以及相邻卫星的负载情况；So far, through the above-mentioned steps 3 and 4, the signal strength of the adjacent satellites received by the mobile user and the load situation of the adjacent satellites have been obtained;
步骤五：以移动用户接收到相邻卫星的信号强度以及相邻卫星的负载情况为变量通过标准差离法计算其权值，再基于优劣解距离法选择最佳切换目标卫星，具体包括如下子步骤：Step 5: Use the signal strength of the adjacent satellites received by the mobile user and the load of the adjacent satellites as variables to calculate its weight through the standard deviation distance method, and then select the optimal handover target satellite based on the distance method of the superior and inferior solutions, including the following Substeps:
步骤5.1：通过标准差离法计算权值，假设待切换目标卫星有N个，对移动用户接收到的相邻卫星的信号强度以及相邻卫星的负载情况根据(4)式做标准化处理：Step 5.1: Calculate the weight by the standard deviation method, assuming that there are N target satellites to be handed over, standardize the signal strength of the adjacent satellites received by the mobile user and the load of the adjacent satellites according to formula (4):
其中，bij表示第j颗相邻卫星的第i个变量的标准化处理值，xij表示第j颗相邻卫星的第i个变量的值，ximin表示变量i中的最小值，ximax表示变量i中的最大值，i＝1,2，j＝1,2,3…N，i＝1对应移动用户接收到相邻卫星的信号强度，i＝2对应相邻卫星的负载情况；Among them, bij represents the normalized processing value of the i-th variable of the j-th adjacent satellite, xij represents the value of the i-th variable of the j-th adjacent satellite, ximin represents the minimum value in the variable i, and ximax Represents the maximum value in the variable i, i=1,2, j=1,2,3...N, i=1 corresponds to the signal strength of the adjacent satellite received by the mobile user, and i=2 corresponds to the load condition of the adjacent satellite;
步骤5.2：计算两个变量的均值
其中，N为目标卫星个数；Among them, N is the number of target satellites;
步骤5.3：计算两个变量的标准差σi：Step 5.3: Calculate the standard deviation σi of the two variables:
其中，
步骤5.4：计算两个变量的权重ωi：Step 5.4: Calculate the weights ωi of the two variables:
其中，σi为(6)式计算得到的两个变量的标准差；Among them, σi is the standard deviation of the two variables calculated by formula (6);
步骤5.5：优劣解距离法计算最佳切换目标，通过公式(8)计算加权后两个变量的值vij：Step 5.5: Calculate the optimal switching target by the distance method of superior and inferior solutions, and calculate the value vij of the two variables after weighting by formula (8):
vij＝ωi·bij (8)vij =ωi ·bij (8)
步骤5.6：计算每颗卫星获取到的参数与最优值和最劣值的欧拉距离：Step 5.6: Calculate the Euler distance between the parameters obtained by each satellite and the optimal and worst values:
其中，Dmax,j表示相邻卫星参数与最优值的欧拉距离，Dmin,j表示相邻卫星参数与最劣值的欧拉距离，V1,j为移动用户接收第j颗卫星的信号强度，V1,max为移动用户接收相邻N颗卫星的信号强度的最优值，V2,j为第j颗卫星的负载情况，V2,max为相邻N颗卫星负载情况的最优值，V1,min为移动用户接收相邻N颗卫星的信号强度的最劣值，V2,min为相邻N颗卫星负载情况的最劣值；Among them, Dmax,j represents the Euler distance between the adjacent satellite parameters and the optimal value, Dmin,j represents the Euler distance between the adjacent satellite parameters and the worst value, and V1,j is the mobile user receiving the jth satellite , V1,max is the optimal value of the signal strength of the mobile user receiving the adjacent N satellites, V2,j is the load condition of the jth satellite, and V2,max is the load condition of the adjacent N satellites The optimal value of , V1,min is the worst value of the signal strength of the mobile user receiving the adjacent N satellites, and V2,min is the worst value of the load condition of the adjacent N satellites;
步骤5.7：依据(11)计算各相邻卫星与最优值的相对距离Lj：Step 5.7: Calculate the relative distance Lj between each adjacent satellite and the optimal value according to (11):
其中，Dmax,j和Dmin,j分别为公式(9)和(10)计算得到的相邻卫星参数与最优值和最劣值的欧拉距离；Among them, Dmax,j and Dmin,j are the Euler distances between the adjacent satellite parameters calculated by formulas (9) and (10) and the optimal and worst values, respectively;
步骤5.8：取与最优值相对距离Lj最小的卫星作为切换目标卫星；Step 5.8: Take the satellite with the smallest relative distance Lj from the optimal value as the handover target satellite;
步骤六：根据步骤二中生成的切换用户列表以及步骤五中选择的目标卫星，执行星间切换流程，依次将过载卫星中的移动用户切换到相邻的卫星；Step 6: according to the switching user list generated in step 2 and the target satellite selected in
步骤七：判断切换后的源卫星与目标卫星是否过载，若仍存在过载情况则进入步骤二，若不存在过载情况则进入步骤八；Step 7: Determine whether the switched source satellite and target satellite are overloaded, if there is still overload, go to step 2, if there is no overload, go to step 8;
步骤八：卫星接收移动用户发的测量报告，并获取源卫星与目标卫星的RSRP，并判断源卫星与目标卫星的RSRP是否满足A3事件的触发条件，若满足条件，跳入步骤十，若不满足条件，跳入步骤九；Step 8: The satellite receives the measurement report sent by the mobile user, obtains the RSRP of the source satellite and the target satellite, and judges whether the RSRP of the source satellite and the target satellite meets the trigger condition of the A3 event. If the condition is met, skip to step 10. If the conditions are met, go to step 9;
其中，A3事件是指当UE测量的相邻卫星的信号强度大于当前服务卫星的信号强度，且差值大于一定门限值的时候，就会触发A3事件。The A3 event means that when the signal strength of the adjacent satellite measured by the UE is greater than the signal strength of the current serving satellite, and the difference is greater than a certain threshold, the A3 event is triggered.
步骤九：并判断源卫星与目标卫星的RSRQ是否满足A3事件的切换触发条件，若满足条件则进入步骤十，若不满足条件，则跳至步骤八；Step 9: and judge whether the RSRQ of the source satellite and the target satellite satisfies the switching trigger condition of the A3 event, if the condition is met, then enter
其中，RSRQ，即Reference Signal Receiving Quality，为参考信号接收质量；Among them, RSRQ, namely Reference Signal Receiving Quality, is the reference signal receiving quality;
步骤十：判断RSRP或RSRQ满足条件的时间是否大于时间迟滞门限TTT，若大于TTT，则触发星间切换，否则跳至步骤八；Step 10: Determine whether the time when RSRP or RSRQ meets the condition is greater than the time lag threshold TTT, if it is greater than TTT, trigger inter-satellite handover, otherwise skip to step 8;
其中，时间迟滞门限，即Time To Trigger，简称TTT。Among them, the time delay threshold, namely Time To Trigger, TTT for short.
有益效果beneficial effect
本发明所述的基于卫星负载均衡的联合切换判决方法与传统的基于A3事件的切换方法相比，具有如下有益效果：Compared with the traditional handover method based on A3 event, the joint handover decision method based on satellite load balancing of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1.所述联合切换方法在切换判决条件中加入了RSRQ，避免了在单一判决条件下由于信道环境变化导致噪声干扰较大，切换不及时，影响通信质量的问题；1. The joint handover method adds RSRQ to the handover decision condition, which avoids the problem of large noise interference due to channel environment changes, untimely handover and affecting communication quality under a single decision condition;
2..所述联合切换方法加入负载均衡机制，降低了切换失败率以及掉话率，也在一定程度上降低了乒乓切换发生的概率；2. The joint handover method adds a load balancing mechanism, which reduces the handover failure rate and call drop rate, and also reduces the probability of ping-pong handover to a certain extent;
3、所述联合切换方法通过多属性决策目标卫星的选择，综合考虑移动用户接收到目标卫星的信号强度，以及目标卫星的负载，提高了切换成功率；且切换完成后，移动用户能够获得较好的服务质量，在一定程度上降低了卫星发生过载的情况。3. The joint handover method improves the handover success rate by comprehensively considering the signal strength of the target satellite received by the mobile user and the load of the target satellite through multi-attribute decision-making on the selection of the target satellite; and after the handover is completed, the mobile user can obtain more Good service quality reduces the overload of satellites to a certain extent.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一种低轨卫星通信中基于负载均衡的联合切换方法所依托的低轨卫星通信系统架构图；1 is a low-orbit satellite communication system architecture diagram on which a load-balancing-based joint handover method in a low-orbit satellite communication of the present invention relies;
图2是本发明一种低轨卫星通信中基于负载均衡的联合切换方法的流程图；2 is a flowchart of a joint handover method based on load balancing in a low-orbit satellite communication of the present invention;
图3是本发明一种低轨卫星通信中基于负载均衡的联合切换方法步骤六与步骤十对应的星间切换流程图；3 is a flowchart of inter-satellite handover corresponding to step 6 and step 10 of a joint handover method based on load balancing in a low-orbit satellite communication of the present invention;
图4是功率门限参数取1时，传统切换方法与本发明所述切换方法乒乓切换发生概率仿真结果对比图；4 is a comparison diagram of the simulation result of the probability of occurrence of ping-pong handover between the traditional handover method and the handover method of the present invention when the power threshold parameter is taken as 1;
图5是功率门限参数取4时传统切换方法与本发明所述切换方法RLF换概率发生仿真结果对比图。FIG. 5 is a comparison diagram of simulation results of RLF switching probability occurrence between the traditional switching method and the switching method according to the present invention when the power threshold parameter is 4.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明所述的一种基于卫星负载均衡的联合切换判决方法及星间切换流程做进一步说明和详细描述。A method for joint handover judgment based on satellite load balancing and an inter-satellite handover process according to the present invention will be further described and described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例叙述了一种低轨卫星通信中基于负载均衡的联合切换方法在低轨卫星通信系统中的具体实施，如图1所示，整个低轨卫星通信系统分为空间段、地面段、用户段三部分。用户段为各种移动用户；地面段包括系统控制中心、网络控制中心、信关站等；空间段由低轨卫星组成，低轨卫星之间通过通信链路进行通信。切换发生在空间段的低轨卫星之间，首先判断是否满足星间切换触发的条件，当满足切换触发条件时，通过本发明所述的多属性决策目标卫星的选择方法选择目标卫星，由移动终端、源卫星、目标卫星以及地面信关站通过信令交互完成切换过程。This embodiment describes the specific implementation of a joint handover method based on load balancing in low-orbit satellite communication in a low-orbit satellite communication system. As shown in Figure 1, the entire low-orbit satellite communication system is divided into a space segment, a ground segment, a User segment has three parts. The user segment is a variety of mobile users; the ground segment includes system control centers, network control centers, gateway stations, etc.; the space segment is composed of low-orbit satellites, and the low-orbit satellites communicate through communication links. The handover occurs between the low-orbit satellites in the space segment. First, it is judged whether the conditions for triggering the inter-satellite handover are met. When the triggering conditions for switching between satellites are met, the target satellite is selected by the method for selecting target satellites for multi-attribute decision-making according to the present invention. The terminal, the source satellite, the target satellite and the ground gateway station complete the handover process through signaling interaction.
星间切换触发的两个条件：Two conditions are triggered by the inter-satellite handover:
1、计算各卫星的负载情况，若存在过载卫星，则发起切换将过载卫星中接收信号强度较小的用户转移到相邻负载较小的卫星，重复该过程直到不存在过载卫星；1. Calculate the load of each satellite. If there is an overloaded satellite, initiate a handover to transfer the user with a smaller received signal strength from the overloaded satellite to the adjacent satellite with a smaller load, and repeat the process until there is no overloaded satellite;
2、部署在低轨卫星上的基站通过地面移动用户上传来的测量报告，获取源卫星与目卫星站RSRP的值，比较源卫星与目标卫星的RSRP是否满足切换方法中切换触发的条件，在“是”的条件下，判断RSRP满足切换触发条件的持续时间是否大于设置好的时间迟滞门限，若持续时间大于TTT则执行切换，在“否”的条件下，比较源卫星与目标卫星的RSRQ是否满足切换方法中切换触发的条件，若RSRQ满足切换触发条件，判断RSRQ满足切换触发条件的持续时间是否大于设置好的时间迟滞门限，若满足则触发切换，否则等待下一次测量报告继续执行该方法流程；2. The base station deployed on the low-orbit satellite obtains the RSRP value of the source satellite and the target satellite station through the measurement report uploaded by the ground mobile user, and compares whether the RSRP of the source satellite and the target satellite meets the handover trigger condition in the handover method. Under the condition of "Yes", judge whether the duration of RSRP meeting the handover trigger condition is greater than the set time lag threshold, if the duration is greater than TTT, execute the handover, under the condition of "No", compare the RSRQ of the source satellite and the target satellite Whether the handover trigger condition in the handover method is met, if the RSRQ meets the handover trigger condition, judge whether the duration of the RSRQ meeting the handover trigger condition is greater than the set time hysteresis threshold, if so, trigger the handover, otherwise wait for the next measurement report to continue to execute the method flow;
图2为基于负载均衡的联合切换方法的流程图，具体步骤为：Figure 2 is a flow chart of a joint handover method based on load balancing, the specific steps are:
步骤1：计算各卫星负载情况，判断是否存在过载卫星,在“是”的条件下进入步骤2，否则跳入步骤6；Step 1: Calculate the load of each satellite, determine whether there is an overloaded satellite, and go to Step 2 under the condition of "Yes", otherwise skip to Step 6;
步骤2：根据过载卫星中移动用户接受到的信号强度大小，生成待切换用户列表；Step 2: According to the signal strength received by the mobile user in the overloaded satellite, a list of users to be switched is generated;
步骤3：根据发明内容中的多属性决策的目标卫星选择方法，选择合适的目标卫星；Step 3: According to the target satellite selection method of multi-attribute decision-making in the summary of the invention, select an appropriate target satellite;
步骤4：触发切换，根据步骤2与步骤3中生成的切换用户列表选择合适的目标卫星，执行切换流程，依次将过载卫星中的移动用户切换到相邻的卫星；Step 4: trigger handover, select a suitable target satellite according to the handover user list generated in step 2 and step 3, execute the handover process, and sequentially switch the mobile users in the overloaded satellites to adjacent satellites;
步骤5：判断切换后的源卫星与目标卫星是否过载，若仍旧存在过载情况则进入步骤2，直到不存在过载卫星进入步骤6。Step 5: It is judged whether the switched source satellite and the target satellite are overloaded, if the overload situation still exists, go to Step 2, and go to Step 6 until there is no overloaded satellite.
步骤6：确定功率门限参数来判定源卫星与目标卫星的RSRP是否满足切换触发条件，确定时间迟滞参数用于判断RSRP与RSRQ满足切换触发条件的持续时间是否满足切换触发条件、接收信号质量门限参数(H)源卫星与目标卫星的RSRQ是否满足切换触发条件。三个参数的设定均是为了防止过早切换而产生乒乓效应；Step 6: Determine the power threshold parameter to determine whether the RSRP of the source satellite and the target satellite meet the handover trigger condition, and determine the time lag parameter to determine whether the duration of the RSRP and RSRQ to meet the handover trigger condition satisfies the handover trigger condition, the received signal quality threshold parameter (H) Whether the RSRQ of the source satellite and the target satellite satisfy the handover trigger condition. The setting of the three parameters is to prevent the ping-pong effect caused by premature switching;
步骤7：搭载在低轨卫星上的基站向地面移动用户下发“测量控制”消息，移动用户根据“测量控制”消息中的要求进行测量，并将测量结果生成测量报告。测量控制消息包括：测量信令、UE需要测量的量，如参考信号接收功率等，测量报告包含：源卫星标识号、目标卫星标识号、RSRP、RSSI、RSRQ等，其中RSRQ的计算方法如(12)式；Step 7: The base station mounted on the low-orbit satellite sends a "measurement control" message to the ground mobile user, and the mobile user measures according to the requirements in the "measurement control" message, and generates a measurement report from the measurement result. The measurement control message includes: measurement signaling, the amount that the UE needs to measure, such as reference signal received power, etc., and the measurement report includes: source satellite identification number, target satellite identification number, RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, etc., wherein the calculation method of RSRQ is such as ( 12) formula;
其中N为RSSI的测量带宽中的资源块RB的数量，RSSI是接收信号的强度指示，包括有用信号和干扰信号。Among them, N is the number of resource blocks RB in the measurement bandwidth of RSSI, and RSSI is the strength indication of received signals, including useful signals and interference signals.
其中，RSSI，即Reference Signal Receiving Quality，为接收信号强度指示；Among them, RSSI, namely Reference Signal Receiving Quality, is the received signal strength indication;
步骤8：移动用户将测量得到的测量报告上传到卫星；Step 8: The mobile user uploads the measurement report obtained by the measurement to the satellite;
Mt≥Ms+Hyst (13)Mt ≥Ms +Hyst (13)
其中Mt为移动用户接收目标卫星RSRP，Ms移动用户接收源卫星的RSRP,Hyst为功率迟滞门限；where Mt is the RSRP of the target satellite received by the mobile user, Ms is the RSRP of the source satellite received by the mobile user, and Hyst is the power hysteresis threshold;
步骤9：卫星根据测量报告判断源卫星与目标卫星的RSRP是否满足(13)式的条件，若满足条件，则进入步骤11；若不满足条件，则进入步骤10；Step 9: according to the measurement report, the satellite judges whether the RSRP of the source satellite and the target satellite satisfies the condition of formula (13), if the condition is met, then enter step 11; if the condition is not met, then enter
RSRQj-RSRQi＞H (14)RSRQj -RSRQi >H (14)
其中，RSRQj为移动用户接收目标卫星RSRQ，RSRQi移动用户接收源卫星的RSRQ,H迟滞门限；Wherein, RSRQj is the RSRQ of the mobile user receiving the target satellite RSRQ, and RSRQi is the RSRQ, H hysteresis threshold of the mobile user receiving the source satellite;
步骤10：卫星根据测量报告判断源卫星与目标卫星的RSRQ是否满足(14)条件，若满足条件，则进入步骤11；若不满足条件，则等待下次测量报告；Step 10: the satellite judges whether the RSRQ of the source satellite and the target satellite satisfies the condition (14) according to the measurement report, if the condition is met, then enter step 11; if the condition is not met, then wait for the next measurement report;
步骤11：判断源卫星与目标卫星的RSRP与RSRQ满足条件的持续时间是否大于时间迟滞参数；在“是”的条件下，触发切换；反之等待下次测量报告；Step 11: judge whether the duration for which the RSRP and RSRQ of the source satellite and the target satellite satisfy the condition is greater than the time lag parameter; under the condition of "Yes", trigger the handover; otherwise, wait for the next measurement report;
图3为星间切换信令流程图，具体步骤如下：Figure 3 is a flowchart of inter-satellite handover signaling, and the specific steps are as follows:
步骤(1)：服务卫星向移动用户下发测量控制消息，要求移动用户进行相关参数的测量；Step (1): the serving satellite sends a measurement control message to the mobile user, and the mobile user is required to measure the relevant parameters;
步骤(2)：移动用户根据测量控制消息完成测量，并上报测量报告；Step (2): the mobile user completes the measurement according to the measurement control message, and reports the measurement report;
步骤(3)：服务向相邻卫星发送RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST消息触发负载信息交互过程；Step (3): the service sends a RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message to the adjacent satellite to trigger the load information exchange process;
步骤(4)：若相邻卫星能够顺利完成相应的测量，则向服务卫星发送资源状态响应确认消息；Step (4): if the adjacent satellite can successfully complete the corresponding measurement, then send the resource status response confirmation message to the serving satellite;
步骤(5)：若相邻卫星未能完成测量，则向服务卫星发送资源状态响应失败消息；Step (5): if the adjacent satellite fails to complete the measurement, then send the resource status response failure message to the serving satellite;
步骤(6)：相邻卫星向服务卫星发送资源状态响应确认消息后，通过RESOURCESTATUS UPDATE消息周期性的向服务卫星上报负载情况；Step (6): after the adjacent satellite sends the resource status response confirmation message to the serving satellite, periodically report the load situation to the serving satellite through the RESOURCESTATUS UPDATE message;
步骤(7)：服务卫星执行切换判决，判决条件分为两种：a服务卫星是否过载、b服务卫星与目标卫星的RSRP与RSRQ是否满足方法要求的切换条件；Step (7): the service satellite performs handover judgment, and the judgment condition is divided into two kinds: whether a service satellite is overloaded, b whether the RSRP and RSRQ of the service satellite and the target satellite meet the handover condition required by the method;
步骤(8)：根据上文提到的多属性决策的目标卫星的选择方法选择合适的目标卫星发起切换请求；Step (8): select a suitable target satellite to initiate a handover request according to the selection method of the target satellite of the multi-attribute decision-making mentioned above;
步骤(9)：目标卫星进行接纳控制，判断是否允许移动用户接入该卫星；Step (9): the target satellite carries out admission control, and judges whether to allow the mobile user to access the satellite;
步骤(10)：如果目标卫星允许移动用户接入该卫星，则向服务卫星发送切换请求确认消息。Step (10): If the target satellite allows the mobile user to access the satellite, send a handover request confirmation message to the serving satellite.
步骤(11)：服务卫星向移动用户发送包含RRC连接重配置消息的切换命令；Step (11): the serving satellite sends a handover command including the RRC connection reconfiguration message to the mobile user;
步骤(12)：服务卫星发送序列号状态传输消息到目标卫星；Step (12): the serving satellite sends the serial number status transmission message to the target satellite;
其中，序列号，即Sequence Number，简称SN；Among them, the serial number, namely Sequence Number, referred to as SN;
步骤(13)：移动用户从服务卫星中去附着，并执行与目标卫星的同步；Step (13): the mobile user is attached from the serving satellite, and performs synchronization with the target satellite;
步骤(14)：目标卫星返回移动用户上行资源分配和定时信息；Step (14): the target satellite returns the mobile user uplink resource allocation and timing information;
步骤(15)：移动用户向目标卫星确认切换过程完成；Step (15): the mobile user confirms the completion of the handover process to the target satellite;
步骤(16)：目标卫星向信关站发送路径转换请求，告之信关站移动用户切换到了另一颗卫星；Step (16): the target satellite sends a path switching request to the gateway station to inform the gateway station that the mobile user has switched to another satellite;
步骤(17)：目标卫星向信关站发送用户平面更新请求，请求将下行的用户面数据路径切换到目标卫星；Step (17): the target satellite sends a user plane update request to the gateway station, requesting that the downlink user plane data path be switched to the target satellite;
步骤(18)：信关站转换下行数据路径，不再向源卫星发送用户面数据，将下行的数据发送到目标卫星；Step (18): the gateway station switches the downlink data path, no longer sends user plane data to the source satellite, and sends the downlink data to the target satellite;
步骤(19)：信关站向目标卫星发送用户平面更新响应，确认完成用户平面更新；Step (19): the gateway station sends a user plane update response to the target satellite, confirming that the user plane update is completed;
步骤(20)：信关站向目标卫星发送路径转换请求确认消息，告之目标卫星已完成路径转换；Step (20): the gateway station sends a path change request confirmation message to the target satellite to inform the target satellite that the path change has been completed;
步骤(21)：目标卫星通知服务卫星释放用户上下文相关的控制平面资源；Step (21): the target satellite informs the serving satellite to release the relevant control plane resources of the user context;
步骤(22)：服务卫星收到目标卫星发送的用户上下文释放消息后，释放无线承载以及与用户相关的资源。Step (22): After receiving the user context release message sent by the target satellite, the serving satellite releases the radio bearer and resources related to the user.
为了更好的展现改进后的方法与原方法的对比效果，选取乒乓切换概率与无线链路失效发生概率变化最为明显的功率门限参数进行仿真。两种方法乒乓切换概率对比结果仿真中选取功率门限参数为1dB，在RLF概率对比结果仿真中选取功率门限参数为4dB。得出两种方法乒乓切换发生概率与RLF发生概率的对比结果分别如图4和图5所示。In order to better show the comparison effect between the improved method and the original method, the power threshold parameter with the most obvious change in the probability of ping-pong handover and the probability of wireless link failure is selected for simulation. The power threshold parameter is selected as 1dB in the simulation of the ping-pong handover probability comparison results of the two methods, and the power threshold parameter is selected as 4dB in the simulation of the RLF probability comparison results. The comparison results between the occurrence probability of ping-pong handover and the occurrence probability of RLF in the two methods are shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, respectively.
其中，乒乓效应是指移动用户从源卫星切换到目标卫星后在短时间内又切换回到源卫星，甚至在目标卫星与源卫星之间来回多次切换的情况。无线链路失效，即Radio LinkFailure，简称RLF，是指由于某些原因通信中断的现象，若发起切换过迟使得UE与源卫星间的信号质量过差，便会导致无线链路失效。Among them, the ping-pong effect refers to the situation in which the mobile user switches back to the source satellite in a short period of time after switching from the source satellite to the target satellite, and even switches back and forth between the target satellite and the source satellite for many times. Radio link failure, Radio Link Failure, or RLF for short, refers to the phenomenon that communication is interrupted due to some reasons. If the signal quality between the UE and the source satellite is too poor if the handover is initiated too late, the radio link will fail.
图4为改进后的方法与传统方法关于乒乓切换概率的仿真结果对比图，本文在方法的改进中添加了RSRQ以及负载均衡的判断条件，从而降低了乒乓切换发生的概率。由图中结果可以看出改进后的方法相较于传统方法乒乓切换的概率大约降低6-8个百分点。Figure 4 shows the comparison of the simulation results of the ping-pong handover probability between the improved method and the traditional method. In this paper, RSRQ and load balancing judgment conditions are added to the improvement of the method, thereby reducing the probability of ping-pong handover. From the results in the figure, it can be seen that the improved method reduces the probability of ping-pong handover by about 6-8 percentage points compared to the traditional method.
图5为改进后的方法与传统方法关于RLF概率的仿真结果对比图，两种方法乒乓切换概率对比结果仿真中选取功率门限参数为4dB，本文添加了负载均衡的判决条件，并设计多属性决策的目标卫星的选择方法，在切换目标卫星的选择上综合考虑了接收信号强度以及目标卫星的负载情况，从而避免了目标卫星因过载而造成的拒绝接入，因此能够降低RLF发生的概率，仿真结果也证实了这一点。由图中结果可以看出随着时间迟滞参数的增加，RLF发生的概率也不断提高，改进的方法对RLF发生概率的改善越为明显。在时间迟滞参数取240ms时，RLF的概率最大，此时改进的方法大约能降低17％的RLF发生的概率。Figure 5 is a comparison diagram of the simulation results of the RLF probability between the improved method and the traditional method. In the simulation, the power threshold parameter is selected as 4dB. The decision condition of load balancing is added in this paper, and a multi-attribute decision-making is designed. In the selection method of the target satellite, the received signal strength and the load of the target satellite are comprehensively considered in the selection of the target satellite for switching, so as to avoid the refusal of access caused by the overload of the target satellite, so it can reduce the probability of RLF occurrence. The results also confirmed this. It can be seen from the results in the figure that with the increase of the time hysteresis parameter, the probability of occurrence of RLF also increases continuously, and the improvement of the probability of occurrence of RLF is more obvious with the improved method. When the time delay parameter is set to 240ms, the probability of RLF is the largest. At this time, the improved method can reduce the probability of occurrence of RLF by about 17%.
综合上述两点来看，基于卫星负载均衡的联合切换判决方法相较于传统的切换方法同时降低了乒乓切换发生的概率与RLF发生的概率，同时通过负载均衡技术提高了资源利用率，提升了系统的整体性能。Based on the above two points, the joint handover decision method based on satellite load balancing reduces the probability of ping-pong handover and the probability of RLF occurrence compared with the traditional handover method. the overall performance of the system.
以上所述为本发明的较佳实施例而已，本发明不应该局限于该实施例和附图所公开的内容。凡是不脱离本发明所公开的精神下完成的等效或修改，都落入本发明保护的范围。The above descriptions are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention should not be limited to the contents disclosed in the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. All equivalents or modifications accomplished without departing from the disclosed spirit of the present invention fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN113179115A (en)* | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-27 | 广州爱浦路网络技术有限公司 | Batch switching method of mobile terminals in satellite communication, satellite and control device |
| US12058577B2 (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2024-08-06 | Xidian University | Lightweight inter-satellite handover device and method for mega low-earth-orbit satellite networks |
| CN113258987A (en)* | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-13 | 重庆邮电大学 | Communication switching method between low-orbit satellite reverse seams |
| US12302184B2 (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2025-05-13 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Low earth orbit satellite system and handover method for low earth orbit satellites |
| CN114614881A (en)* | 2022-03-10 | 2022-06-10 | 北京理工大学 | Multi-attribute combined switching method based on ephemeris in low-orbit satellite communication system |
| CN115002790A (en)* | 2022-05-31 | 2022-09-02 | 中电信数智科技有限公司 | 6G-based air base station signal enhancement and intelligent on-demand coverage optimization method |
| CN115002790B (en)* | 2022-05-31 | 2023-11-17 | 中电信数智科技有限公司 | 6G-based air base station signal enhancement and intelligent on-demand coverage optimization method |
| CN115209446A (en)* | 2022-06-13 | 2022-10-18 | 爱浦路网络技术(北京)有限公司 | Core network cloud service communication method, system, device and medium based on satellite |
| CN115361055B (en)* | 2022-08-16 | 2023-07-21 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | A method of inter-satellite handover in satellite communication system based on user group |
| CN115361055A (en)* | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-18 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | A method of inter-satellite handover in satellite communication system based on user group |
| CN115473569A (en)* | 2022-09-05 | 2022-12-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Link switching method for high-low orbit satellite hybrid network |
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| CN115987373B (en)* | 2022-12-06 | 2025-02-07 | 北方工业大学 | A centralized and active coordinated low-orbit satellite system switching method |
| CN115987373A (en)* | 2022-12-06 | 2023-04-18 | 北方工业大学 | A Centralized and Actively Coordinated LEO Satellite System Handover Method |
| CN116321336A (en)* | 2023-04-06 | 2023-06-23 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | Load-based adaptive switching method in low-orbit satellite communication |
| CN120321725A (en)* | 2025-06-10 | 2025-07-15 | 国家无线电监测中心 | Satellite switching method and system for NTN high-orbit and low-orbit fusion network |
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