CN110706456A - Rapid early warning system for debris flow - Google Patents
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及泥石流预警技术领域，特别涉及一种泥石流快速预警系统。The invention relates to the technical field of early warning of debris flow, in particular to a rapid early warning system for debris flow.
背景技术Background technique
泥石流监测预警方法和与方法匹配的监测设备种类繁多。但在复杂山区的环境中，监测设备均要面临维护成本过高的问题，复杂的监测设备在复杂山区泥石流监测的环境中显得华而不实。因此，需要发展一种简易化的泥石流预警设备。There are many types of debris flow monitoring and early warning methods and monitoring equipment matching the methods. However, in the complex mountainous environment, the monitoring equipment has to face the problem of high maintenance cost, and the complex monitoring equipment appears flashy in the complex mountainous debris flow monitoring environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simplified debris flow early warning device.
降雨是激发泥石流的外部因素。国内外众多学者分析泥石流事件和其相对应的降水数据，构建基于降水参数的泥石流预警阈值或降雨组合参数的阈值曲线，而后借助雨量计的降雨数据实时监测，通过后台系统实时比对监测降水与构建阈值之间的大小关系，判定是否有泥石流发生。雨量计的维护成本相比于其他诸如视频、泥位计、土体含水量和孔隙水压力传感器更低，且不容易被外部环境所破坏，因此属于一种简易化的泥石流预警装备。此外，由于雨量计仅仅通过比对实况降水与降雨参数阈值，无需复杂的非线性数值计算，因此可凭借此简易设备实现泥石流的快速预警。Rainfall is an external factor that triggers mudslides. Many scholars at home and abroad analyze debris flow events and their corresponding precipitation data, construct a debris flow warning threshold based on precipitation parameters or a threshold curve of rainfall combination parameters, and then use the real-time monitoring of rainfall data from rain gauges. Build the magnitude relationship between the thresholds to determine whether there is a debris flow. Compared with other sensors such as video, mud level gauge, soil moisture content and pore water pressure, the maintenance cost of the rain gauge is lower, and it is not easily damaged by the external environment, so it is a simplified debris flow early warning equipment. In addition, since the rain gauge only compares the actual precipitation with the rainfall parameter threshold, and does not need complex nonlinear numerical calculation, the rapid early warning of debris flow can be realized by this simple device.
但是，当前基于雨量计的泥石流统计预警模式存在如下缺点：However, the current statistical early warning model of debris flow based on rain gauge has the following shortcomings:
(1)雨量计依据统计模式构建的泥石流雨量阈值发布预警结果的误报率较高，可靠性低；(1) The rain gauge based on the debris flow rainfall threshold constructed by the statistical model has a high false alarm rate and low reliability in issuing early warning results;
(2)基于统计模式构建的泥石流雨量阈值需要依赖大量的泥石流和降雨观测资料，而观测资料在某些泥石流除了匮乏以外，还存在观测数据可靠性的问题，影响所建阈值的可靠性；(2) Debris flow rainfall thresholds based on statistical models need to rely on a large number of debris flow and rainfall observation data, and in addition to the lack of observation data in some debris flows, there is also the problem of the reliability of observation data, which affects the reliability of the established thresholds;
(3)基于雨量计的泥石流预警后台算法缺乏对降雨场次的界定，无法考虑前期雨量对泥石流的影响。(3) The background algorithm of debris flow early warning based on rain gauge lacks the definition of rainfall events, and cannot consider the impact of previous rainfall on debris flow.
为了解决基于雨量站的快速预警设备中存在的(1)和(2)两个缺点，申请人于2018年7月10日提交的中国发明专利申请201810747570.5公开了一种基于泥石流形成机理的泥石流I-D阈值曲线构建方法。In order to solve the two shortcomings of (1) and (2) in the rapid early warning equipment based on rainfall stations, the Chinese invention patent application 201810747570.5 submitted by the applicant on July 10, 2018 discloses a debris flow I-D based on the formation mechanism of debris flow Threshold curve construction method.
如何寻求基于提交的中国发明专利申请201810747570.5所公开的阈值曲线的应用出口，以解决基于雨量站的快速预警设备中存在的(3)的缺点，达到快速自动化的泥石流预警的目的，则是本项专利需要解决的问题。How to seek the application export based on the threshold curve disclosed in the submitted Chinese invention patent application 201810747570.5, in order to solve the shortcomings of (3) in the rapid early warning equipment based on rainfall stations, and achieve the purpose of rapid and automated debris flow early warning, it is this project Problems to be solved by patents.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明提供了一种泥石流快速预警系统，以解决至少一个上述技术问题。The present invention provides a rapid early warning system for debris flow to solve at least one of the above technical problems.
为解决上述问题，作为本发明的一个方面，提供了一种泥石流快速预警系统，包括：雨量采集单元，用于实时获取雨量数据；服务器数据中心，以无线的方式接收来自所雨量采集单元的雨量数据；服务端，通过串口通讯的方式从所述服务器数据中心获取雨量数据，并根据所述雨量数据判断该场降雨是否可能诱发泥石流，并通过短信推送的方式告知相关人员根据系统预警等级采取相应的避灾措施；客户端，通过定时查询的方式与所述服务器数据中心通讯连接，用于供用户查看历史雨量信息和当前降雨对应雨量I-D曲线，并根据历史预警信息对设备部署地点的泥石流易发性进行判定，并发布预警信息。In order to solve the above problems, as an aspect of the present invention, a rapid early warning system for debris flow is provided, comprising: a rainfall collection unit for acquiring rainfall data in real time; a server data center for wirelessly receiving rainfall from the rainfall collection unit data; the server, obtains rainfall data from the server data center through serial communication, and judges whether the rainfall may induce debris flow according to the rainfall data, and informs relevant personnel to take corresponding measures according to the system early warning level by means of SMS push. The client is connected to the server data center by means of regular query, which is used for users to view the historical rainfall information and the I-D curve of the rainfall corresponding to the current rainfall, and according to the historical early warning information, the debris flow at the location of the equipment is easy to be deployed. To determine the occurrence of the disease, and issue warning information.
优选地，所述雨量采集单元包括：雨量传感器，用于实时采集降雨数据；微处理器模块，与所述雨量传感器连接，用于根据预定的时间间隔从所述雨量传感器中读取所述降雨数据，并在读取所述降雨数据之后将所述雨量传感器清零；无线传输模块，与所述微处理器模块连接，所述微处理器模块在读取所述降雨数据后将所述降雨数据推送给所述无线传输模块，所述无线传输模块将所述降雨数据发送给所述服务器数据中心。Preferably, the rain collection unit includes: a rain sensor for collecting rainfall data in real time; a microprocessor module, connected with the rain sensor, for reading the rainfall from the rain sensor according to a predetermined time interval data, and reset the rain sensor after reading the rainfall data; a wireless transmission module, connected with the microprocessor module, the microprocessor module sends the rainfall data after reading the rainfall data The data is pushed to the wireless transmission module, and the wireless transmission module sends the rainfall data to the server data center.
优选地，所述服务端包括：串口通讯模块，用于通过串口通讯的方式监听与所述服务器数据中心之间的虚拟串口的数据；数据库模块，用于存储时间、当前时段的累积雨量、前期影响雨量、平均降雨强度、降雨持续时间、和泥石流预警信息等；计算模块，用于根据所述串口通讯模块监听到的数据计算所述累积雨量、前期影响雨量、平均降雨强度、降雨持续时间、和泥石流预警信息，并将所述累积雨量、前期影响雨量、平均降雨强度、降雨持续时间、和泥石流预警信息保存在所述数据库模块中。Preferably, the server includes: a serial communication module for monitoring the data of the virtual serial port with the server data center by means of serial communication; a database module for storing time, accumulated rainfall in the current period, previous period Influencing rainfall, average rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, and debris flow early warning information, etc.; calculation module, used to calculate the cumulative rainfall, previous impact rainfall, average rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, and debris flow early warning information, and save the accumulated rainfall, previous impact rainfall, average rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, and debris flow early warning information in the database module.
优选地，所述计算模块通过下式方式进行计算：Preferably, the calculation module is calculated by the following formula:
(1)降雨场次的界定：一旦雨量采集单元有回传数据大于0、且以该时刻t0为基准点前推3小时均无降水，则认为某次降雨过程开始，而在此之后若连续3小时以上雨量采集单元回传的降雨数据为0，则认定为一次降雨过程结束；和/或(1) Definition of rainfall events: Once the data returned by the rainfall collection unit is greater than 0, and there is no
(2)前期影响雨量：在确定某场降雨的起始时刻t0后，依据计算前期雨量；和/或(2) Early impact rainfall: after determining the starting time t0 of a certain rainfall, calculate the previous rainfall; and/or
(3)降雨持续时间：根据对降雨场次的界定，降雨过程从t0开始，而后雨量采集单元每分钟探测并逐10分钟返回一次降水数据，而t0后连续3个小时返回的逐10分钟降雨均为0，则认为本场降雨结束，这期间的降雨累积时间通过Di＝(10/60)*i进行计算；和/或(3) Rainfall duration: According to the definition of rainfall events, the rainfall process starts from t0, and then the rainfall collection unit detects and returns the precipitation data every 10 minutes every minute, and the rainfall returns every 10 minutes for 3 consecutive hours after t0. If it is 0, it is considered that the current rainfall is over, and the rainfall accumulation time during this period is calculated by Di=(10/60)*i; and/or
(4)累积雨量：由本次降雨过程中所有不为0的降雨数据SumRi以及最后连续18个连续为0的降雨数据SumR＝0组成，其中，SumRi为某次降雨过程的实际累积雨量，而SumR＝0标记某次降雨过程完结的标志；和/或(4) Cumulative rainfall: It consists of all the rainfall data SumRi that are not 0 in this rainfall process and the last 18 consecutive rainfall data SumR=0, where SumRi is the actual cumulative rainfall of a certain rainfall process, and SumR=0 marks the end of a rain event; and/or
(5)平均降雨强度：在完成实时累积雨量的计算后，根据I_i＝〖Sum〗_Ri/D_i计算从t0开始后，在本次降水过程中任意时刻的平均降雨强度；和/或(5) Average rainfall intensity: after completing the calculation of the real-time cumulative rainfall, calculate the average rainfall intensity at any time during this precipitation process starting from t0 according to I_i=〖Sum〗_Ri/D_i; and/or
(6)泥石流预警信息：(6) Debris flow warning information:
步骤1，实时获取实测的降雨持续时间和平均降雨强度，计为(Di，Ii)；
步骤2，根据本次降雨的前期雨量从数据库中选出与该前期雨量值相对应的的泥石流I-D阈值曲线组合，组合中的每条阈值曲线对应着相应的泥石流的密度值；
步骤3，将实时监测所得的累积降雨持续时间Di分别代入每条阈值曲线对应着相应的泥石流的密度值公式中，可分别求得达到相应泥石流密度所需的临界降雨强度数组；Step 3: Substitute the cumulative rainfall duration Di obtained from real-time monitoring into the density value formula of each threshold curve corresponding to the corresponding debris flow, respectively, to obtain the critical rainfall intensity array required to achieve the corresponding debris flow density;
步骤4，将此时与Di相对应的实时监测降雨强度Ii，与上述临界降雨强度数组中的每个值进行大小比对，而后依据大小进行排列这些个值，进而确定实时监测降水在临界降雨强度中所处的位置；Step 4, compare the real-time monitoring rainfall intensity Ii corresponding to Di at this time with each value in the above-mentioned critical rainfall intensity array, and then arrange these values according to the size, and then determine that the real-time monitoring precipitation is at the critical rainfall level. the position in the intensity;
步骤5，根据预定的泥石流概率及危险性预警等级分类方法，判定在实时监测降雨作用下泥石流发生的危险等级。Step 5: According to the predetermined classification method of debris flow probability and risk warning level, determine the risk level of debris flow occurring under the action of real-time monitoring of rainfall.
优选地，所述短信推送的短信联系人设置为多人，并记录对所有短信的操作记录。Preferably, the short message contacts pushed by the short message are set to multiple people, and the operation records of all short messages are recorded.
优选地，所述客户端包括：按键模块，用于打开/关闭程序和显示历时预警信息；历史预警信息，用于显示历史预警信息、评估泥石流易发性；数据库连接模块，用于设置数据库服务器、用户名和密码等；雨量数据模块，用于实时显示雨量数据；雨量I-D曲线，用于实时绘制雨量I-D曲线；降雨参数模块，用于实时显示降雨参数如降雨历时、雨强等。Preferably, the client includes: a button module for opening/closing programs and displaying duration warning information; historical warning information for displaying historical warning information and evaluating debris flow susceptibility; a database connection module for setting a database server , user name and password, etc.; rainfall data module, used to display rainfall data in real time; rainfall I-D curve, used to draw rainfall I-D curve in real time; rainfall parameter module, used to display rainfall parameters such as rainfall duration, rain intensity, etc. in real time.
优选地，所述客户端的工作流程包括：根据设置的数据库参数连接数据库；如果连接成功，则定时查询雨量信息；根据查询的雨量信息，实时计算降雨参数；根据降雨参数实时绘制雨量I-D曲线、并实时显示雨量信息及降雨参数；基于设备部署监测地点的历史累计雨量信息、历史雨强信息、历史前期影响雨量、历史降雨历时等数据的统计资料，根据实时的雨量I-D曲线对该监测点进行泥石流易发性分析。Preferably, the workflow of the client includes: connecting to the database according to the set database parameters; if the connection is successful, querying the rainfall information regularly; calculating the rainfall parameters in real time according to the queried rainfall information; drawing the rainfall I-D curve in real time according to the rainfall parameters, and Real-time display of rainfall information and rainfall parameters; based on the statistical data of historical accumulated rainfall information, historical rainfall intensity information, historical pre-impact rainfall, historical rainfall duration and other data at the equipment deployment monitoring site, debris flow is carried out for the monitoring point according to the real-time rainfall I-D curve. susceptibility analysis.
优选地，所述客户端的工作流程还包括：根据所述雨量I-D曲线、并实时显示雨量信息。Preferably, the workflow of the client further includes: displaying the rainfall information in real time according to the rainfall I-D curve.
优选地，所述服务端建立多个线程分别实现线程监听串口数据、数据存储、划分预警等级、预警信息推送等功能。Preferably, the server establishes multiple threads to respectively implement functions such as thread monitoring of serial port data, data storage, division of warning levels, and push of warning information.
本发明利用STM32F4开发板结合光学雨量传感器，DTU无线传输模块构建了一种基于雨量计的嵌入式系统，以实现对雨量信息的实时监测和相关降雨参数的计算。在系统程序的服务端根据降雨参数判断该场降雨是否可能会诱发泥石流灾害的发生，并通过短信推送的方式告知相关人员根据系统预警等级采取相应的避灾措施。The invention uses the STM32F4 development board combined with the optical rain sensor and the DTU wireless transmission module to construct an embedded system based on the rain gauge, so as to realize the real-time monitoring of the rainfall information and the calculation of the relevant rainfall parameters. The server of the system program judges whether the rainfall may induce the occurrence of debris flow disasters according to the rainfall parameters, and informs the relevant personnel to take corresponding disaster avoidance measures according to the system warning level by means of SMS push.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1示意性地示出了系统构架设计图；Figure 1 schematically shows a system architecture design diagram;
图2示意性地示出了无线传输模块工作流程图；Fig. 2 schematically shows the working flow chart of the wireless transmission module;
图3示意性地示出了监测系统服务端页面结构图；Fig. 3 schematically shows the page structure diagram of the monitoring system server;
图4示意性地示出了监测系统服务端工作流程图；Fig. 4 schematically shows the working flow chart of the monitoring system server;
图5示意性地示出了监测系统客户端页面结构图；Fig. 5 schematically shows the client page structure diagram of the monitoring system;
图6示意性地示出了监测系统客户端工作流程图；Fig. 6 schematically shows the working flow chart of the monitoring system client;
图7示意性地示出了历时预警信息图；FIG. 7 schematically shows a diachronic warning information diagram;
图8示意性地示出了泥石流预警结果图；Figure 8 schematically shows a result map of debris flow early warning;
图9为野外调查结果图。Figure 9 shows the results of field investigation.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下对本发明的实施例进行详细说明，但是本发明可以由权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below, but the invention can be practiced in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.
本发明针对现有基于雨量计的泥石流统计预警模式的不足，提供一种基于I-D阈值曲线的嵌入式系统，以构建发明专利申请201810747570.5所公开的阈值曲线的应用出口，最终利用该方法实现的泥石流的警报方法。Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing rain gauge-based debris flow statistical early warning mode, the present invention provides an embedded system based on an I-D threshold curve, so as to construct the application outlet of the threshold curve disclosed in the invention patent application 201810747570.5, and finally use the method to realize the debris flow. alert method.
为了实现对泥石流发生主要诱发因素-降雨进行监测，本发明利用STM32F4开发板结合光学雨量传感器，DTU无线传输模块构建了一种基于雨量计的嵌入式系统，以实现对雨量信息的实时监测和相关降雨参数的计算。在系统程序的服务端根据降雨参数判断该场降雨是否可能会诱发泥石流灾害的发生，并通过短信推送的方式告知相关人员根据系统预警等级采取相应的避灾措施。In order to monitor the main inducing factor of debris flow-rainfall, the present invention utilizes STM32F4 development board combined with optical rain sensor, DTU wireless transmission module to construct an embedded system based on rain gauge, so as to realize real-time monitoring and correlation of rainfall information. Calculation of rainfall parameters. The server of the system program judges whether the rainfall may induce the occurrence of debris flow disasters according to the rainfall parameters, and informs the relevant personnel to take corresponding disaster avoidance measures according to the system warning level by means of SMS push.
其中，图1为系统总体结构基于降雨参数的泥石流预警系统的组成主要包括光学雨量传感器模块，微处理器模块，DTU模块，服务器数据中心，监测系统服务端和系统客户端。Among them, Figure 1 shows the overall structure of the system. The composition of the debris flow early warning system based on rainfall parameters mainly includes an optical rain sensor module, a microprocessor module, a DTU module, a server data center, a monitoring system server and a system client.
一、基于雨量计的嵌入式系统的硬件架构1. Hardware architecture of embedded system based on rain gauge
1.微处理器模块1. Microprocessor module
STM32F4是基于ARM CortexM-4内核的高性能32位处理器，相比与基于M-3内核的STM32F1/F2，它新增了硬件FPU单位以及DSP指令，相比与STM32F3，主频可高达168MHZ，有着出色的处理性能，广泛的断点调试和跟踪能力，高效的处理器内核系统和记忆，超低功耗集成睡眠模式。STM32F4 is a high-performance 32-bit processor based on ARM CortexM-4 core. Compared with STM32F1/F2 based on M-3 core, it adds hardware FPU units and DSP instructions. Compared with STM32F3, the main frequency can be as high as 168MHZ , has excellent processing performance, extensive breakpoint debugging and tracing capabilities, efficient processor core system and memory, ultra-low power integrated sleep mode.
本系统采用型号为STM32F407ZGT6的芯片，它有144个引脚，其中114个用于IO，片上集成1024K FLASH，192KSRAM，芯片内置接口丰富，具有6个串口，2个USB，2个CAN，方便进行数据的通信。具有单周期乘法和硬件除法，提供了更高的代码执行效率和良好的处理速度。该型微处理器具有高性能、低成本、低功耗的优点，为本系统进行快速准确，稳定的数据传输和处理提供了良好的硬件基础，充分保障了监测预警的实时性。This system adopts the chip of model STM32F407ZGT6. It has 144 pins, of which 114 are used for IO. The chip integrates 1024K FLASH and 192KSRAM. The chip has rich built-in interfaces, with 6 serial ports, 2 USB and 2 CAN, which is convenient for operation. data communication. With single-cycle multiplication and hardware division, it provides higher code execution efficiency and good processing speed. This type of microprocessor has the advantages of high performance, low cost and low power consumption, which provides a good hardware foundation for fast, accurate and stable data transmission and processing of the system, and fully guarantees the real-time monitoring and early warning.
该模块为STM32板的核心，发挥了类似于电脑CPU的作用。在本系统中主要功能：利用芯片中的程序通过定时读取串口数据，这里的串口是连接了雨量计的串口，读到了雨量之后，微处理器模块对雨量计进行清零，并将雨量数据推送至DTU模块。本系统中的微处理器每间隔10分钟读取一次雨量数据，读取完毕后清零。This module is the core of the STM32 board and plays a role similar to a computer CPU. The main function in this system: use the program in the chip to read the serial port data regularly. The serial port here is the serial port connected to the rain gauge. After reading the rainfall, the microprocessor module clears the rain gauge and resets the rainfall data. Push to DTU module. The microprocessor in this system reads the rainfall data every 10 minutes, and clears it after reading.
2.雨量传感器模块2. Rain sensor module
本系统采用的雨量传感器模块为WTS系列RS-100H光学雨量传感器，该传感器采用485通讯接口，支持ASC码MODBUS协议，探头经过特殊处理，通过红外感应记录累计雨量，开机可自动校准，不易被外界环境影响，重量轻，体积小，测量精度高，高可靠性，可在高温高湿环境下正常工作。The rain sensor module used in this system is WTS series RS-100H optical rain sensor. The sensor adopts 485 communication interface and supports ASC code MODBUS protocol. The probe has undergone special processing and records the accumulated rainfall through infrared sensing. It can be automatically calibrated when it is turned on, and it is not easy to be detected by the outside world. Environmental impact, light weight, small size, high measurement accuracy, high reliability, and can work normally in high temperature and high humidity environment.
(1)传感器初始设置(1) Initial setting of the sensor
将雨量传感器通过485转USB模块连接至PC串口，通过PC串口助手向雨量传感器发送命令来设置雨量传感器的参数。利用XCOM软件串口读取软件设置串口参数信息，打开连接雨量传感器的串口，发送传感器设置命令信息，雨量传感器应答。串口发送命令和传感器应答信息如下：Connect the rain sensor to the PC serial port through the 485 to USB module, and send commands to the rain sensor through the PC serial assistant to set the parameters of the rain sensor. Use the XCOM software serial port to read the software setting serial port parameter information, open the serial port connected to the rain sensor, send the sensor setting command information, and the rain sensor responds. The serial port sends commands and the sensor response information is as follows:
输入：0XU<CR><LF>Input: 0XU<CR><LF>
传感器应答：0XU,A＝0,M＝P,T＝1,C＝2,I＝0060,B＝019200,D＝8Sensor response: 0XU, A=0, M=P, T=1, C=2, I=0060, B=019200, D=8
其中A为设备地址；M为通信模式：M＝A为自动上报，M＝P为手动查询；I为自动上报时间间隔，默认为60s,B为通信波特率，默认为19200，D为数据位，默认为8。A is the device address; M is the communication mode: M=A is automatic reporting, M=P is manual query; I is the automatic reporting time interval, the default is 60s, B is the communication baud rate, the default is 19200, D is the data bits, the default is 8.
雨量获取命令：0R0<CR><LF>Rainfall acquisition command: 0R0<CR><LF>
传感器应答：0R0，Rc＝0000.0MSensor response: 0R0, Rc=0000.0M
雨量清零命令：0XZRU<CR><LF>Rainfall reset command: 0XZRU<CR><LF>
传感器应答:0TX,RainSensor response: 0TX, Rain
在默认条件,传感器雨量值是自动进行累加,下电重启后,雨量值会清零。在设计实时监测软件时，设置光学雨量传感器为手动查询模式，开发板向传感器定时发送累积雨量清零指令，将不同时段累积雨量的和作为总时段的累积雨量。In the default condition, the sensor rainfall value is automatically accumulated, and the rainfall value will be reset to zero after the power is turned off and restarted. When designing the real-time monitoring software, the optical rain sensor is set to the manual query mode, and the development board periodically sends the cumulative rainfall reset command to the sensor, and the sum of the cumulative rainfall in different periods is used as the cumulative rainfall in the total period.
(2)传感器接入方式(2) Sensor access method
WTS系列的雨量传感器有一个工业标准的半双工两线式RS485接口，通过485转232模块连接至开发板COM3口，COM3口为DB9接口。RS-100H传感器通过485转232接口接入开发板COM口，并接入MCU。The rain sensor of WTS series has an industrial standard half-duplex two-wire RS485 interface, which is connected to the COM3 port of the development board through a 485 to 232 module, and the COM3 port is a DB9 interface. The RS-100H sensor is connected to the COM port of the development board through the 485 to 232 interface, and is connected to the MCU.
该模块主要作用是实时搜集降雨数据。为判定降雨场次和计算某次降雨过程的I和D数据，提供最基础的原始数据。该模块主要与STM32板的串口相连，STM32板子的微处理器模块间隔10分钟读取一次雨量数据。The main function of this module is to collect rainfall data in real time. Provide the most basic raw data to determine the rainfall events and calculate the I and D data of a certain rainfall process. The module is mainly connected to the serial port of the STM32 board, and the microprocessor module of the STM32 board reads the rainfall data every 10 minutes.
3.无线传输模块3. Wireless transmission module
本系统采用ZSDR3411 DTU无线传输模块，该模块采用ARM32核心处理器，支持自动分析处理各种复杂网络状态，提供RS232/RS485串口，可自建数据服务中心，并在数据中心可设置虚拟串口进行数据的无线传输。本系统的服务器采用阿里云轻量级应用服务器，在服务器上开启数据中心服务，创建虚拟串口，对外开放外网域名和端口，运行监测系统软件服务端，实现串口通讯。图2为DTU无线传输模块的工作流程。The system adopts ZSDR3411 DTU wireless transmission module, which adopts ARM32 core processor, supports automatic analysis and processing of various complex network states, provides RS232/RS485 serial ports, can build its own data service center, and can set up virtual serial ports in the data center for data processing wireless transmission. The server of this system adopts Alibaba Cloud's lightweight application server. Data center services are enabled on the server, virtual serial ports are created, external network domain names and ports are opened to the outside world, and the monitoring system software server is run to realize serial communication. Figure 2 shows the workflow of the DTU wireless transmission module.
DTU的电平为232电平，不能直接连接至MCU串口2(PA2，PA3)。通过DTU的232引脚连接开发板COM2口，对接开发板P9的USART2 TX和U2 RX，USART2TX和U2 RX的方式将DTU接入MCU。The level of DTU is 232 level and cannot be directly connected to MCU serial port 2 (PA2, PA3). Connect the COM2 port of the development board through the 232 pin of the DTU, and connect the DTU to the MCU by connecting the USART2 TX and U2 RX, USART2TX and U2 RX of the development board P9.
该部分主要是将STM32电路板读取的降雨数据，通过DTU将雨量数据发送至服务器，起到数据传输的作用。该部分是连接前端降雨数据与服务器的媒介。目的就是为了把降雨数据通过网络发送到服务器端。为服务器端的数据分析提供数据源。This part is mainly to send the rainfall data read by the STM32 circuit board to the server through DTU, which plays the role of data transmission. This part is the medium that connects the front-end rainfall data with the server. The purpose is to send the rainfall data to the server through the network. Provides a data source for server-side data analysis.
二、服务端设计Second, the server design
1.总体功能设计1. Overall functional design
本系统基于C#窗体程序开发雨量实时监测系统，系统分为服务端和客户端两个部分。图3为监测系统服务端窗体页面结构。监测系统服务端通过设置串口信息，读取串口数据，计算降雨参数并写入数据库表，实时判断当前降雨是否会诱发泥石流发生，划分预警等级并进行预警短信推送。下表为监测系统服务端各个模块的功能。This system develops a real-time rainfall monitoring system based on C# form program. The system is divided into two parts: server and client. Figure 3 shows the structure of the form page of the monitoring system server. By setting the serial port information, reading the serial port data, calculating the rainfall parameters and writing them into the database table, the monitoring system server can judge in real time whether the current rainfall will induce the occurrence of debris flow, classify the warning level and push the warning SMS. The following table shows the functions of each module of the monitoring system server.
监测系统服务运行于服务器，通过串口通讯的方式监测虚拟串口的数据，对接收到的数据做实时处理和分析，判断当前降雨的泥石流预警等级，并进行预警短信推送，图4为监测系统服务端窗体程序总体工作流程。The monitoring system service runs on the server, monitors the data of the virtual serial port through serial communication, performs real-time processing and analysis on the received data, judges the debris flow warning level of the current rainfall, and pushes the warning text message. Figure 4 shows the monitoring system server. The overall workflow of the form program.
2.数据库设计2. Database Design
本系统采用的数据库为SQLServer。下表为存储雨量参数的数据库表信息，在雨量基本信息表中，不仅存储了时间和当前时段的累积雨量，还存储了当前时段的降雨参数信息，如前期影响雨量，降雨历时和预警等级，不但记录了设备监测区域的历史预警信息，还方便监测系统的客户端通过绑定服务端数据库表查看历史预警信息和绘制A-I-D扩展阈值曲面，进行泥石流易发性评估。The database used in this system is SQLServer. The following table is the database table information for storing rainfall parameters. In the basic rainfall information table, not only the time and the accumulated rainfall of the current period are stored, but also the rainfall parameter information of the current period, such as the previous affected rainfall, rainfall duration and warning level, It not only records the historical early warning information of the equipment monitoring area, but also facilitates the monitoring system client to view the historical early warning information and draw the A-I-D extended threshold surface by binding the server database table to evaluate the susceptibility of debris flow.
库表建立于数据中心服务器，数据中心通过串口通讯方式接收无线传输的数据，在解析串口缓冲信息后，计算得到降雨参数，通过SQL实现数据库表的写入和读取。The database table is established on the data center server. The data center receives the wirelessly transmitted data through serial communication. After parsing the serial buffer information, it calculates the rainfall parameters, and realizes the writing and reading of the database table through SQL.
3.多线程开发3. Multi-threaded development
利用多线程技术，让多个任务同时进行，不仅能够提高雨量监测系统的实时性而且当其中的一个任务出现问题时，不会影响其他的任务运行。下表为各个线程的信息。实时雨量监测系统的服务端部署于数据中心服务器，为满足实时数据处理，存储，曲线图形显示，数据参数显示等功能，其基本原理是通过建立多个线程，分别实现线程监听串口数据，数据存储，划分预警等级，预警信息推送等功能，使得系统具有较高的运行效率，充分保障了监测预警的实时性。Using multi-threading technology, multiple tasks can be carried out at the same time, which can not only improve the real-time performance of the rainfall monitoring system, but also will not affect the operation of other tasks when a problem occurs in one of the tasks. The following table provides information for each thread. The server of the real-time rainfall monitoring system is deployed on the data center server. In order to meet the functions of real-time data processing, storage, curve graphic display, data parameter display and other functions, the basic principle is to establish multiple threads to respectively monitor serial port data and store data. , divide the warning level, push warning information and other functions, so that the system has a high operating efficiency, and fully guarantee the real-time monitoring and warning.
多线程编程主要流程如下：The main process of multi-threaded programming is as follows:
(1)新建线程，参数为该线程要调用的函数(1) Create a new thread, the parameter is the function to be called by the thread
(2)设置线程优先级(2) Set the thread priority
(3)启动线程(3) Start the thread
(4)中止线程(4) Abort the thread
(5)委托代理，委托传递(5) Entrusting agent, entrusting delivery
程序的各线程之间在运行中并不都是相互独立的，有可能会访问共享资源，必须对访问同一共享资源的线程进行同步，调度，以避免线程之间出现资源竞争，从而引起线程之间死锁现象。线程之间的资源访问采用委托代理的方式，在C#中，所有的委托(Delegate)都派生System.Delegate类。C#同时也提供了多种同步控制对象来解决共享资源的访问冲突，还可以通过全局变量，用户自定义消息。本系统中采用全局变量，进行线程之间的调度与切换。下表为全局变量的信息。The threads of the program are not all independent of each other during operation, and may access shared resources. The threads accessing the same shared resource must be synchronized and scheduled to avoid resource competition between threads, which may cause thread conflict. deadlock phenomenon. The resource access between threads adopts the way of delegation. In C#, all delegates (Delegate) are derived from the System.Delegate class. C# also provides a variety of synchronization control objects to solve the access conflict of shared resources, and can also use global variables and user-defined messages. Global variables are used in this system for scheduling and switching between threads. The following table provides information about global variables.
4.数据处理核心算法4. Data processing core algorithm
如图1所示的系统设计构建中，所有的核心算法包括基于雨量计监测数据的前期雨量计算、平均降雨强度、降雨持续时间以及与I-D曲线数据库的对比计算均会在服务器的数据中心完成。In the system design and construction shown in Figure 1, all the core algorithms, including the calculation of the previous rainfall based on the monitoring data of the rain gauge, the average rainfall intensity, the rainfall duration, and the comparison calculation with the I-D curve database, will be completed in the data center of the server.
泥石流的I-D阈值曲线构建：针对某一条泥石流沟，按照专利申请201810747570.5所公开的阈值曲线构建方法，构建针对此泥石流沟的泥石流I-D阈值曲线数据库。I-D threshold curve construction of debris flow: For a certain debris flow ditch, according to the threshold curve construction method disclosed in the patent application 201810747570.5, build a debris flow I-D threshold curve database for this debris flow ditch.
降雨场次的界定：一旦雨量站有回传数据大于0(且以该时刻t0为基准点前推3小时均无降水)，则认为某次降雨过程开始；而在此之后若连续3小时以上雨量站回传的降雨数据为0，则在本算法中认定为一次降雨过程结束。Definition of rainfall events: Once the data returned by the rainfall station is greater than 0 (and there is no
前期雨量计算：根据专利申请201810747570.5所公开的阈值曲线，前期雨量是影响泥石流形成的关键因素，不同前期雨量条件下的I-D阈值曲线存在较大差异。因此在利用雨量站进行泥石流监测预警的应用中，需要在确定某场降雨的起始时刻t0后，依据公式1计算前期雨量。Early rainfall calculation: According to the threshold curve disclosed in the patent application 201810747570.5, the early rainfall is a key factor affecting the formation of debris flow, and the I-D threshold curves under different previous rainfall conditions are quite different. Therefore, in the application of debris flow monitoring and early warning using rainfall stations, it is necessary to calculate the previous rainfall according to
其中，Ar为泥石流发生前n天的前期降雨量，Ri为前n天对应的日降雨量，K是衰减经验系数。在确定任意一场降雨过程的前期雨量后，则从已建泥石流I-D阈值曲线数据库中选取与前期雨量相匹配的I-D阈值曲线。Among them, Ar is the precipitation in the n days before the occurrence of the debris flow, Ri is the daily rainfall corresponding to the first n days, and K is the attenuation empirical coefficient. After determining the previous rainfall of any rainfall process, select the I-D threshold curve that matches the previous rainfall from the established debris flow I-D threshold curve database.
任意场次的降雨持续时间：根据本发明对降雨场次的界定，降雨过程从t0开始，而后雨量站每分钟探测并逐10分钟返回一次降水数据，而t0后连续3个小时返回的逐10分钟降雨均为0，则认为本场降雨结束，这期间的降雨累积时间由公式(2)计算：Rainfall duration of any field: According to the definition of rainfall field in the present invention, the rainfall process starts from t0, and then the rainfall station detects and returns the precipitation data every 10 minutes every minute, and the rainfall returns every 10 minutes after t0 for 3 consecutive hours. If both are 0, the rainfall in this field is considered to be over, and the rainfall accumulation time during this period is calculated by formula (2):
Di＝(10/60)*i (2)Di=(10/60)*i (2)
Di为本场降雨过程内的持续累积降雨时间。i为每10分钟返回的累积雨量数据个数，i＝1,2,3,…,n。n当中的最后18个雨量数据必须均为零，这也是本场降雨过程结束的标志。Di is the continuous cumulative rainfall time in the local rainfall process. i is the number of cumulative rainfall data returned every 10 minutes, i=1,2,3,…,n. The last 18 rainfall data in n must all be zero, which is also the sign of the end of this rainfall process.
任意场次的降雨强度计算：雨量站每分钟探测并逐10分钟返回一次降水数据。根据本发明对降雨场次的界定，降雨过程从t0开始(该时刻的降雨量计为R0)，该降雨过程的累积雨量由本次降雨过程中所有不为0的降雨数据(SumRi)以及最后连续18个连续为0的降雨数据(SumR＝0)组成。其中，SumRi为某次降雨过程的实际累积雨量，而SumR＝0标记某次降雨过程完结的标志。在完成实时累积雨量的计算后，便可计算从t0开始后，在本次降水过程中任意时刻的平均降雨强度，也就是说在某次降雨过程内，每10分钟返回一次雨量数据后，便计算该时段内的平均雨强。Calculation of rainfall intensity for any session: The rainfall station detects and returns precipitation data every 10 minutes. According to the definition of rainfall events in the present invention, the rainfall process starts from t0 (the rainfall at this moment is counted as R0), and the cumulative rainfall of this rainfall process is determined by all the rainfall data (SumRi) that are not 0 in this rainfall process and the last continuous rainfall. It consists of 18 consecutive 0 rainfall data (SumR=0). Among them, SumRi is the actual accumulated rainfall of a certain rainfall process, and SumR=0 marks the end of a certain rainfall process. After the calculation of the real-time cumulative rainfall is completed, the average rainfall intensity at any time during the precipitation process from t0 can be calculated. Calculate the average rain intensity for the period.
其中，Ii为从t0开始，在某次降雨过程内任意时段内的平均降雨强度。Among them, Ii is the average rainfall intensity in any period of time in a certain rainfall process starting from t0.
基于雨量计的预警方法：在某次降雨过程内，由公式(2)和公式(3)，可实时获取实测的降雨持续时间和平均降雨强度，计为(Di，Ii)。公式(1)确定好本次降雨的前期雨量之后，会从数据库中得出一系列的I-D阈值曲线。根据专利申请201810747570.5所公开的阈值曲线，每条阈值曲线对应着相应的泥石流的密度值。可表述如下形式：Early warning method based on rain gauge: In a certain rainfall process, the measured rainfall duration and average rainfall intensity can be obtained in real time by formula (2) and formula (3), which are calculated as (Di, Ii). After the previous rainfall amount of this rainfall is determined by formula (1), a series of I-D threshold curves will be obtained from the database. According to the threshold curves disclosed in the patent application 201810747570.5, each threshold curve corresponds to the density value of the corresponding debris flow. It can be expressed as follows:
将公式(2)中实时监测所得的累积降雨持续时间Di分别代入公式4.1-4.5，可分别求得达到相应泥石流密度所需的临界降雨强度数组：[I1.2|Di，I1.5|Di，I1.8|Di，I2.0|Di，I2.3|Di]。将此时与Di相对应的实时监测降雨强度Ii(公式3求得)，与上述临界降雨强度数组中的每个值进行大小比对，而后依据大小进行排列这6个值，进而确定实时监测降水在临界降雨强度中所处的位置，最后根据发明专利201210193426.4公开的泥石流概率及危险性预警等级分类方法，判定在实时监测降雨作用下(即：在实时监测的Ar、Di和Ii作用下)泥石流发生的危险等级(用蓝、黄、橙、红标记)。By substituting the cumulative rainfall duration Di obtained by real-time monitoring in formula (2) into formulas 4.1-4.5, the critical rainfall intensity array required to achieve the corresponding debris flow density can be obtained respectively: [I1.2|Di , I1.5|Di , I1.8|Di , I2.0|Di , I2.3|Di ]. Compare the real-time monitoring rainfall intensity Ii (calculated by formula 3) corresponding to Di at this time with each value in the above-mentioned critical rainfall intensity array, and then arrange these 6 values according to the size, and then determine the real-time monitoring The position of precipitation in the critical rainfall intensity, finally, according to the classification method of debris flow probability and risk warning level disclosed in the invention patent 201210193426.4, it is determined under the action of real-time monitoring of rainfall (ie: under the action of Ar, Di and Ii of real-time monitoring) The hazard level of debris flow occurrence (marked with blue, yellow, orange, red).
5.串口程序设计5. Serial programming
监测系统的服务端利用C#串口编程技术监听数据中心服务器的虚拟串口，读取串口数据并进行解析和处理。在窗体组件中，设计串口监听的主要流程为：(1)建立串口配置信息，在窗体中设置串口通信参数信息，如波特率，停止位，校验位，数据位和超时。(2)添加串口组件SerialPort作为隐式控件添加在窗体设计器下方(3)为串口注册Receive事件，在中断内部对缓冲区的数据进行读取。(4)对读取的数据进行实时处理和分析。(5)在读取到串口数据时，根据降雨参数信息，判断当前降雨的诱发泥石流的预警等级，并进行预警信息的推送。The server of the monitoring system uses the C# serial port programming technology to monitor the virtual serial port of the data center server, reads the serial port data, and parses and processes it. In the form component, the main process of designing serial port monitoring is: (1) Establish serial port configuration information, and set serial port communication parameter information in the form, such as baud rate, stop bit, parity bit, data bit and timeout. (2) Add the serial port component SerialPort as an implicit control and add it below the form designer (3) Register the Receive event for the serial port, and read the data in the buffer inside the interrupt. (4) Real-time processing and analysis of the read data. (5) When the serial port data is read, according to the rainfall parameter information, the early warning level of the current rainfall induced debris flow is judged, and the early warning information is pushed.
预警短信推送Early warning SMS push
短信推送平台为整套泥石流监测预警系统的一个重要组成部分。短信推送功能在网络数据稳定性较差、响应需求又较高的时候，能发挥其作用。本系统提供预警短信推送功能。短信联系人可设置为多人，并对所有短信操作存有操作记录，达到共同监督，多重响应的目的。当系统程序判断出有预警等级时，意味着本场降雨可能会诱发该地区泥石流灾害，通过服务器的短信推送平台，向相关人员实时推送预警信息，进而采取相应的避灾措施，达到保护泥石流灾害易发区的人民生命财产安全的目的。The SMS push platform is an important part of the complete debris flow monitoring and early warning system. The SMS push function can play its role when the network data stability is poor and the response demand is high. The system provides early warning SMS push function. SMS contacts can be set to multiple people, and have operation records for all SMS operations, so as to achieve the purpose of common supervision and multiple responses. When the system program determines that there is an early warning level, it means that the rainfall in this field may induce debris flow disasters in the area. Through the server's SMS push platform, the early warning information is pushed to the relevant personnel in real time, and then corresponding disaster avoidance measures are taken to protect debris flow disasters. The purpose of safety of people's life and property in the prone area.
本系统根据降雨参数和雨量I-D曲线划分出泥石流预警等级，结合预警信息模板，自动生成预警信息，并调用预警短信接口，进行预警短信推送。预警短信模板如下表所示:The system divides the debris flow early warning level according to the rainfall parameters and the rainfall I-D curve. Combined with the early warning information template, the early warning information is automatically generated, and the early warning SMS interface is called to push the early warning SMS. The warning message template is shown in the following table:
三、客户端设计3. Client Design
1.总体功能设计1. Overall functional design
客户端系统窗体页面结构如图5所示，客户端可供用户查看历史雨量信息和当前降雨对应雨量I-D曲线，并根据历史预警信息对设备部署地点的泥石流易发性进行判定，并发布预警信息。下表为监测系统客户端各模块信息。The page structure of the client system window is shown in Figure 5. The client terminal allows users to view historical rainfall information and the rainfall I-D curve corresponding to the current rainfall, and determine the debris flow susceptibility of the equipment deployment site according to the historical warning information, and issue an early warning information. The following table shows the information of each module of the monitoring system client.
监测系统客户端通过绑定数据源信息可查看实时雨量数据，历史预警数据，当前雨量I-D曲线。图6为监测系统客户端窗体程序总体工作流程。The monitoring system client can view real-time rainfall data, historical early warning data, and current rainfall I-D curve by binding data source information. Figure 6 shows the overall workflow of the monitoring system client window program.
2.雨量信息异步更新2. Asynchronous update of rainfall information
雨量信息是监测系统客户端通过设置窗体定时器定时查询服务器端雨量信息，利用定时操作来实现雨量数据的异步更新。Rainfall information is that the monitoring system client regularly queries the server-side rainfall information by setting a window timer, and uses timing operations to achieve asynchronous update of rainfall data.
3.绘图组件设计3. Drawing component design
本系统是基于CS架构，并将Chart组件应用于窗体程序的监测预警系统，根据降雨参数对应的ID曲线库，绘制相应的雨量I-D曲线，并标注当前降雨参数的坐标。绘图组件主要代码如下：This system is based on CS architecture and applies Chart components to the monitoring and early warning system of window programs. According to the ID curve library corresponding to rainfall parameters, it draws the corresponding rainfall I-D curve, and marks the coordinates of the current rainfall parameters. The main code of the drawing component is as follows:
var chart_2＝chart2.ChartAreas[0]；//设置图表var chart_2=chart2.ChartAreas[0]; //Set the chart
chart_2.AxisX.Title＝"降雨历时D(/h)"；//X轴标题chart_2.AxisX.Title="Rainfall duration D(/h)"; //X-axis title
chart_2.AxisY.Title＝"降雨强度I/(mm/h)"；//Y轴标题chart_2.AxisY.Title="rainfall intensity I/(mm/h)"; //Y-axis title
//设置游标//set cursor
chart_2.CursorX.IsUserEnabled＝true；chart_2.CursorX.IsUserEnabled=true;
chart_2.CursorX.AutoScroll＝true；chart_2.CursorX.AutoScroll=true;
chart_2.CursorX.IsUserSelectionEnabled＝true；chart_2.CursorX.IsUserSelectionEnabled=true;
chart_2.AxisX.ScaleView.Zoomable＝true；//设置X轴是否可以缩放chart_2.AxisX.ScaleView.Zoomable=true; //Set whether the X-axis can be zoomed
//根据真实雨强和ID参数计算经验性雨强区间将降雨历时代入公式计算// Calculate the empirical rain intensity interval according to the real rain intensity and ID parameters, and calculate the rainfall history into the formula
chart2.Series.Add("point")；chart2.Series.Add("point");
chart2.Series["point"].Color＝Color.Red；chart2.Series["point"].Color=Color.Red;
chart2.Series["point"].ChartType＝SeriesChartType.Point；chart2.Series["point"].Points.AddXY(Math.Log10(rain_time),Math.Log10(rain_sum)/Math.Log10(rain_time))；chart2.Series["point"].ChartType=SeriesChartType.Point; chart2.Series["point"].Points.AddXY(Math.Log10(rain_time),Math.Log10(rain_sum)/Math.Log10(rain_time));
chart2.Series.Add("line"+i)；//绘制直线图chart2.Series.Add("line"+i);//Draw a straight line graph
chart2.Series["line"+i].ChartType＝SeriesChartType.Line；chart2.Series[0].IsVisibleInLegend＝false；chart2.Series["line"+i].ChartType=SeriesChartType.Line; chart2.Series[0].IsVisibleInLegend=false;
chart2.Series["line"+i].Points.AddXY(0,mm_fitting[i,0]*0+mm_fitting[i,1])；chart2.Series["line"+i].Points.AddXY(0,mm_fitting[i,0]*0+mm_fitting[i,1]);
④历史预警信息④Historical warning information
历史预警信息是对历史监测雨量数据对应的预警等级和预警时间进行展示，方便相关人员针对设备部署监测地点的历史累计雨量信息，历史雨强信息，历史前期影响雨量，历史降雨历时等数据进行统计，便于对该监测点进行泥石流易发性分析。图7为历史预警窗体页面，历史预警页面结构分为三个模块，时间查询模块，历史预警数据模块，预警曲线模块。预警曲线是根据雨量的预警信息，将时间作为图表横轴，预警等级作为纵轴，将其划分为1,2,3,4分别对应预警等级的蓝色预警，黄色预警，橙色预警和红色预警。Historical early warning information is to display the early warning level and early warning time corresponding to the historical monitoring rainfall data, which is convenient for relevant personnel to make statistics on the historical accumulated rainfall information, historical rainfall intensity information, historical early impact rainfall, historical rainfall duration and other data at the equipment deployment monitoring site. , which facilitates the analysis of debris flow susceptibility to this monitoring point. Figure 7 is the historical warning form page. The structure of the historical warning page is divided into three modules, a time query module, a historical warning data module, and an early warning curve module. The early warning curve is based on the early warning information of rainfall, taking the time as the horizontal axis of the chart and the warning level as the vertical axis, and dividing it into 1, 2, 3, and 4 corresponding to the blue warning, yellow warning, orange warning and red warning respectively. .
实施例：Example:
将本发明中的整套系统的前端监测硬件设备安装在云南东川蒋家沟上游支沟。The front-end monitoring hardware equipment of the whole system in the present invention is installed in the upstream branch of Jiangjiagou, Dongchuan, Yunnan.
在2019年7月9号，云南东川经历一场较大的降雨过程，根据雨量计监测的数据显示，2019年9号凌晨1:00-3:00期间，累积降雨量达到45mm左右。但系统并未发布泥石流预警。后期将实时监测数据代入到I-D曲线数据库分析导致这次强降雨过程并未激发泥石流的根本原因是前期雨量过低。On July 9, 2019, Dongchuan, Yunnan experienced a large rainfall process. According to the data monitored by the rain gauge, the cumulative rainfall reached about 45mm during the period from 1:00 to 3:00 in the morning on the 9th of 2019. But the system did not issue a mudslide warning. In the later period, the real-time monitoring data was substituted into the I-D curve database for analysis, and the fundamental reason why the heavy rainfall process did not trigger the debris flow was that the previous rainfall was too low.
下表为7月9号过程实时监测的平均雨强和降雨持时。从下表可知，在该段降雨过程中，最大雨强约33mm。降雨持时约2.7个小时。通过公式(1)，由数据服务中心计算所得本次降雨过程的前期雨量在15mm左右。The following table shows the average rainfall intensity and rainfall duration monitored in real time on July 9. It can be seen from the table below that during this period of rainfall, the maximum rain intensity is about 33mm. The rain lasted about 2.7 hours. Through formula (1), the precipitation of this rainfall process calculated by the data service center is about 15mm.
为了将上表中的降雨数据与蒋家沟I-D阈值曲线数据库进行对比，在图1中的数据服务中心首先利用公式1，计算此次降水过程的前期降雨值为15mm。而后在I-D曲线数据库中搜索与15mm相匹配的I-D阈值曲线，将阈值曲线与表12中的数据进行比对，如图8所示。In order to compare the rainfall data in the above table with the Jiangjiagou I-D threshold curve database, the data service center in Figure 1
图8中，红色点1为上表中的实测数据，蓝色线2为密度2.3g/cm3的I-D阈值曲线；黑色线3为密度1.2g/cm3的I-D阈值曲线。In Figure 8, the
此次降水过程在蒋家沟内所形成的水土混合物密度小于1.2g/cm3，在沟道内所激发的事件更倾向于高含沙水流流或山洪，并不具备泥石流流体的特性。故系统并未发布泥石流预警。申请人采用事后调查的方式，对本次预警结果进行了验证(如图9所示)，实地勘察的结果与本预警结果一致，沟道内上游以山洪或高含沙水流为主，并未出现泥石流的活动痕迹，进而证明本系统的可靠性。The density of water-soil mixture formed in Jiangjiagou during this precipitation process is less than 1.2g/cm3 , and the events triggered in the channel are more inclined to high-sand-laden water flow or mountain torrent, and do not have the characteristics of debris flow fluid. Therefore, the system did not issue a debris flow warning. The applicant verified the results of this early warning by means of post-mortem investigation (as shown in Figure 9). The results of the on-site investigation are consistent with the results of this early warning. The upper reaches of the channel are mainly torrents or high-sand flow, which did not occur. The traces of debris flow activities further prove the reliability of the system.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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