CN110685735A - Gas extraction directional drilling tool and drilling method - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种瓦斯抽排定向钻具，包括空心钻杆和钻头，空心钻杆向后连接有高压气路，空心钻杆前端连接有气动马达，气动马达的输出轴向前连接所述钻头；气动马达后方的空心钻杆处沿周向均匀设有三个以上前气压顶，各前气压顶分别与高压气路相连接，各前气压顶与高压气路的相连接处分别设有用于控制相应前气压顶的工作状态的前电磁阀；各前气压顶的起顶方向均垂直于空心钻杆的轴线；高压气路向后延伸至钻孔外的高压气源。本发明还公开了相应的钻孔方法。本发明实现了自进式钻进，边钻进边下管，及时支护钻孔，无须在钻孔后进行单独的插入瓦斯抽采管的操作，使整个钻进过程更安全，省时高效，降低了操作难度，提高了工作效率。

The invention discloses a gas extraction directional drilling tool, comprising a hollow drill pipe and a drill bit. Drill bit; the hollow drill pipe behind the air motor is evenly provided with more than three front air pressure caps in the circumferential direction, each front air pressure cap is respectively connected with the high-pressure air path, The front solenoid valve that controls the working state of the corresponding front air jacks; the lifting direction of each front air jack is perpendicular to the axis of the hollow drill pipe; the high-pressure air path extends backward to the high-pressure air source outside the borehole. The invention also discloses a corresponding drilling method. The invention realizes self-propelled drilling, lowers the pipe while drilling, supports the drilling in time, and does not need to perform a separate operation of inserting the gas drainage pipe after drilling, so that the whole drilling process is safer, time-saving and efficient. , reducing the difficulty of operation and improving work efficiency.

Description

Translated fromChinese

瓦斯抽排定向钻具及钻孔方法Gas extraction directional drilling tool and drilling method

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及煤矿瓦斯抽采技术领域。The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine gas drainage.

背景技术Background technique

煤矿瓦斯灾害是煤矿安全生产的头号杀手，煤与瓦斯突出事故、瓦斯爆炸事故、瓦斯燃烧事故、瓦斯窒息事故严重威胁着煤矿工人的生命安全和煤矿企业的财产，尤其是煤与瓦斯突出事故和瓦斯爆炸事故往往造成重大人员伤亡，给煤矿企业带来重大的财产损失，对矿井的破坏极其严重，性质极其恶劣，社会影响极其广泛。因此，为保证煤矿企业的安全高效生产，治理好瓦斯至关重要。Coal mine gas disaster is the number one killer of coal mine safety production. Coal and gas outburst accidents, gas explosion accidents, gas combustion accidents, and gas suffocation accidents seriously threaten the life safety of coal miners and the property of coal mining enterprises, especially coal and gas outburst accidents and gas suffocation accidents. Gas explosion accidents often cause heavy casualties, bring heavy property losses to coal mining enterprises, and cause extremely serious damage to mines, with extremely bad nature and extensive social impact. Therefore, in order to ensure the safe and efficient production of coal mining enterprises, it is very important to control gas well.

虽然防治瓦斯灾害离不开可靠的通风系统，但正是由于用通风的方式解决不了瓦斯问题或用通风的方式解决瓦斯问题在经济上不合理时，我们必须采用瓦斯抽采解决瓦斯问题。通过瓦斯抽采，降低煤层中的瓦斯含量，从根本上治理防范瓦斯灾害。Although the prevention of gas disasters is inseparable from a reliable ventilation system, it is precisely because the gas problem cannot be solved by ventilation or it is economically unreasonable to use ventilation to solve the gas problem, we must use gas extraction to solve the gas problem. Through gas extraction, the gas content in the coal seam is reduced, and gas disasters are fundamentally controlled and prevented.

与此同时，煤矿瓦斯（狭义的煤矿瓦斯就是指甲烷）是一种清洁能源。如果进行开发利用，将是一笔很可观的财富。所以，通过瓦斯抽采可以变害为宝，延长煤矿企业产业链，服务社会。At the same time, coal mine gas (in a narrow sense, coal mine gas refers to methane) is a clean energy source. If it is developed and utilized, it will be a considerable wealth. Therefore, gas extraction can turn harm into treasure, extend the industrial chain of coal mining enterprises, and serve the society.

目前国内外用于煤矿瓦斯抽采通道的钻机主要有以下几个问题：At present, the drilling rigs used for coal mine gas drainage channels at home and abroad mainly have the following problems:

（一）钻头无法做到定向钻进，钻杆在重力作用下会出现不同幅度的扰度，且随着孔深增加更加显著，遇到稍复杂的地质条件时，钻孔偏转更加明显。在我国，煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔设计为直孔布置，但实际施工钻孔均有一定偏斜，导致煤层钻孔无法均匀布置，甚至有些钻孔间距过大，形为成瓦斯抽采的空白区域或空白带，达不到理想的抽采效果。无法降低空白带内的瓦斯含量，消除瓦斯突出危险性，在煤矿生产中极易引发瓦斯灾害事故。(1) The drill bit cannot perform directional drilling, and the drill pipe will have different amplitudes of disturbance under the action of gravity, and it will become more significant with the increase of the hole depth. When encountering slightly complicated geological conditions, the drilling deflection will be more obvious. In my country, the coal seam gas drainage boreholes are designed as straight holes, but the actual construction boreholes are all skewed to a certain extent, which leads to the inability to arrange the coal seam boreholes evenly, and even the spacing of some boreholes is too large, forming a blank for gas drainage. Areas or blank strips cannot achieve the ideal extraction effect. It is impossible to reduce the gas content in the blank zone and eliminate the danger of gas outburst, which can easily lead to gas disaster accidents in coal mine production.

（二）在打好孔后退杆过程中极易塌孔导致瓦斯抽采通道堵塞。传统方式在整个钻进的过程中都不能对瓦斯抽采通道做出及时的支护。(2) During the process of drilling the hole and withdrawing the rod, it is easy to collapse the hole and cause the gas drainage channel to be blocked. The traditional method cannot timely support the gas drainage channel during the whole drilling process.

目前国内外的做法大致相同，并不能很好地解决这些问题。普遍的做法就是，用钻机先进行打孔，打好孔后退杆，再下放瓦斯抽采管。这种做法简单总结就是能打直的都打不深，能打深的都打不直。At present, the practices at home and abroad are roughly the same and cannot solve these problems well. The common practice is to use a drilling rig to drill holes first, drill the hole and back the rod, and then lower the gas drainage pipe. A simple summary of this approach is that those who can hit straight can’t hit deeply, and those who can hit deep can’t hit straight.

（三）对钻头所在位置判断具有滞后性，即无法及时准确的了解钻机所处的方位及状态。在钻头钻进过程中，当钻机钻入很深时，工作人员是通过观察排出来的钻屑来判断钻机是否打到异物或打入其他区域，而由于通道的长度过长，导致此时钻机可能已经穿过该区域，这时再下达指令就会没有多大意义了。为此，研究能实现钻头定向、及时支护钻孔、顺利打钻和顺利排渣等技术的钻机正处于方兴未艾阶段。而解决这些问题，包括对保证按设计施工，有效解决钻孔偏斜技术瓶颈，确保抽采效果，防止瓦斯灾害事故，实现安全生产，都具有重要意义。(3) There is a lag in judging the position of the drill bit, that is, it is impossible to know the position and state of the drill rig in a timely and accurate manner. During the drilling process of the drill bit, when the drill rig drills deeply, the staff judges whether the drill rig hits foreign objects or other areas by observing the discharged drill cuttings. However, the length of the channel is too long. The area may have been crossed, at which point it would not make much sense to issue an order. To this end, research on drilling rigs that can realize drill bit orientation, timely support of drilling holes, smooth drilling and smooth slag discharge and other technologies is in the ascendant stage. Solving these problems, including ensuring construction according to the design, effectively solving the technical bottleneck of drilling deflection, ensuring the drainage effect, preventing gas disaster accidents, and realizing safe production, are of great significance.

传统的瓦斯抽采方式并不能很好地解决瓦斯抽采钻进过程中存在的问题，例如：钻机在钻进时前进方向不固定、钻进时或钻孔后瓦斯抽采通道坍塌、传统方式抽排瓦斯面临着抽排难，费时费工且抽排质量不高，效率低等问题，因此，能有效解决当前问题的新型瓦斯抽排钻机对煤矿安全生产具有重要意义。The traditional gas extraction method cannot solve the problems existing in the process of gas extraction and drilling, such as: the drilling rig is not in a fixed direction during drilling, the gas drainage channel collapses during or after drilling, the traditional method Gas extraction is faced with problems such as difficulty in extraction, time-consuming and labor-intensive, low extraction quality and low efficiency. Therefore, a new type of gas extraction drilling rig that can effectively solve the current problems is of great significance to the safety of coal mine production.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的缺陷，提供一种瓦斯抽排定向钻具，能够对钻孔方向进行气动校正，并降低塌孔概率。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a gas pumping directional drilling tool in view of the defects of the prior art, which can aerodynamically correct the drilling direction and reduce the probability of hole collapse.

为解决上述技术问题，本发明的瓦斯抽排定向钻具包括空心钻杆和钻头，以钻进的方向为前向，空心钻杆向后连接有高压气路，空心钻杆前端连接有气动马达，气动马达的输出轴向前连接所述钻头；In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the gas extraction directional drilling tool of the present invention includes a hollow drill pipe and a drill bit, the drilling direction is forward, the hollow drill pipe is connected with a high-pressure gas path backward, and the front end of the hollow drill pipe is connected with a pneumatic motor. , the output shaft of the air motor is connected to the drill bit forward;

气动马达后方的空心钻杆处沿周向均匀设有三个以上前气压顶，各前气压顶分别与高压气路相连接，各前气压顶与高压气路的相连接处分别设有用于控制相应前气压顶的工作状态的前电磁阀；各前气压顶的起顶方向均垂直于空心钻杆的轴线；高压气路向后延伸至钻孔外的高压气源。The hollow drill pipe behind the air motor is evenly provided with more than three front air pressure caps in the circumferential direction. The front solenoid valve in the working state of the front air jacks; the lifting direction of each front air jack is perpendicular to the axis of the hollow drill pipe; the high-pressure air path extends backward to the high-pressure air source outside the borehole.

所述空心钻杆上套设有同轴线的中间套管，中间套管的内壁通过连接杆与空心钻杆的外壁固定连接；中间套管位于气动马达的后方，各前气压顶沿中间套管的周向方向设置在各中间套管上并与各中间套管相连通；中间套管的前端封闭且后端连接有用于通入高压气体的高压内管；The hollow drill pipe is sleeved with a coaxial intermediate sleeve, and the inner wall of the intermediate sleeve is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the hollow drill pipe through a connecting rod; the intermediate sleeve is located behind the air motor, and each front air pressure top is along the intermediate sleeve The circumferential direction of the pipe is arranged on each intermediate sleeve and communicated with each intermediate sleeve; the front end of the intermediate sleeve is closed and the rear end is connected with a high-pressure inner pipe for introducing high-pressure gas;

中间套管外套设有同轴线的外套管，外套管位于各前气压顶的后方；中间套管的中部径向凸起设有活塞，活塞与外套管的内壁滑动密封配合；外套管向后连接有用于通入高压气体的高压外管；高压内管后端敞口，高压内管向后插入高压外管，高压内管的外径小于高压外管的内径，高压内管与高压外管滑动配合；The outer casing of the middle casing is provided with a coaxial outer casing, and the outer casing is located behind each front air pressure top; the middle of the middle casing is radially protruded with a piston, and the piston is sliding and sealingly matched with the inner wall of the outer casing; the outer casing is backward A high-pressure outer pipe is connected for introducing high-pressure gas; the rear end of the high-pressure inner pipe is open, the high-pressure inner pipe is inserted into the high-pressure outer pipe backward, the outer diameter of the high-pressure inner pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the high-pressure outer pipe, the high-pressure inner pipe and the high-pressure outer pipe are connected sliding fit;

外套管的前侧壁与中间套管的外壁滑动密封配合；中间套管与外套管之间具有环形空腔，活塞前方的环形空腔为前环腔，活塞后方的环形空腔为后环腔；外套管的前端部设有用于向钻孔内释放高压气体的钻头前进电磁阀，钻头前进电磁阀与前环腔相连通；外套管的后端部设有用于向钻孔内释放高压气体的外套管前进电磁阀，外套管前进电磁阀与后环腔相连通；前环腔后端处的中间套管上设有用于连通前环腔的通孔；The front side wall of the outer sleeve is sliding and sealingly matched with the outer wall of the middle sleeve; there is an annular cavity between the intermediate sleeve and the outer sleeve, the annular cavity in front of the piston is the front annular cavity, and the annular cavity behind the piston is the rear annular cavity The front end of the outer casing is provided with a drill bit advancing solenoid valve for releasing high-pressure gas into the borehole, and the drill bit advancing solenoid valve is communicated with the front annular cavity; The outer casing advancing solenoid valve is communicated with the rear annular cavity; the intermediate sleeve at the rear end of the front annular cavity is provided with a through hole for communicating with the front annular cavity;

所述高压气路包括高压外管、高压内管、中间套管和空心钻杆；高压外管与高压内管和外套管相连通，高压内管与中间套管相连通；The high-pressure gas circuit includes a high-pressure outer pipe, a high-pressure inner pipe, an intermediate casing and a hollow drill pipe; the high-pressure outer pipe is communicated with the high-pressure inner pipe and the outer casing, and the high-pressure inner pipe is communicated with the intermediate casing;

外套管的前端部沿周向均匀设有三个以上中气压顶，各中气压顶分别与外套管相连通，各中气压顶与外套管的相连接处分别设有用于控制相应中气压顶的工作状态的中电磁阀，各中气压顶的起顶方向均垂直于外套管的轴线；The front end of the outer casing is uniformly provided with more than three medium-pressure caps along the circumferential direction, each medium-pressure cap is respectively connected with the outer casing, and the connection between each medium-pressure cap and the outer casing is respectively provided with a work for controlling the corresponding medium-pressure cap In the state of the middle solenoid valve, the lifting direction of each middle pressure roof is perpendicular to the axis of the outer casing;

外套管的后端部沿周向均匀设有三个以上后气压顶，各后气压顶分别与外套管相连通，各后气压顶与外套管的相连接处分别设有用于控制相应后气压顶的工作状态的后电磁阀，各后气压顶的起顶方向均垂直于外套管的轴线。The rear end of the outer sleeve is evenly provided with more than three rear air pressure caps along the circumferential direction, each of the rear air pressure caps is communicated with the outer sleeve respectively, and each rear air pressure cap is connected with the outer sleeve. In the working state of the rear solenoid valve, the lifting direction of each rear air pressure jack is perpendicular to the axis of the outer casing.

外套管向后连接有用于支护钻孔和抽采瓦斯的筛管，筛管向后延伸至钻孔之外并用于连接瓦斯抽采设备。The outer casing is rearwardly connected with a screen pipe for supporting the borehole and gas extraction, and the screen pipe extends backwards beyond the borehole and is used for connecting gas extraction equipment.

筛管前端设有测斜仪，测斜仪、各前电磁阀、各中电磁阀、各后电磁阀、钻头前进电磁阀和外套管前进电磁阀的连接线路均通过高压气路向后延伸至钻孔外部并与设置在钻孔外部的电控装置相连接。The front end of the screen is equipped with an inclinometer, and the connection lines of the inclinometer, each front solenoid valve, each middle solenoid valve, each rear solenoid valve, the drill bit advancing solenoid valve and the outer casing advancing solenoid valve are all extended backward through the high-pressure gas path to the drilling rig. outside the hole and connected to an electronic control device disposed outside the hole.

本发明还公开了使用上述瓦斯抽排定向钻具进行的钻孔方法，钻进时由气动马达驱动钻头旋转，包括转向操作，转向操作是：The invention also discloses a drilling method using the above-mentioned gas extraction directional drilling tool. When drilling, the drill bit is driven to rotate by a pneumatic motor, including a steering operation. The steering operation is:

前气压顶沿空心钻杆的周向均匀设有四个，分别为前上气压顶、前下气压顶、前左气压顶和前右气压顶；Four front air caps are evenly arranged along the circumference of the hollow drill pipe, which are the front upper air cap, the front lower air cap, the front left air cap and the front right air cap;

朝上转向时启动前下气压顶，朝下转向时启动前上气压顶，朝左转向时启动前右气压顶，朝右转向时启动前左气压顶；根据实际的转向方向，启动与实际的转向方向相反位置的一个气压顶或两个气压顶。When turning up, start the front lower air pressure cap, when turning downward, start the front upper air cap, when turning left, start the front right air cap, when turning right, start the front left air cap; according to the actual steering direction, the activation and the actual Steer one or two air caps in opposite directions.

还包括钻头和空心钻杆和中间套管的前进操作，以及外套管和筛管的前进操作；初始状态下，钻头前进电磁阀和外套管前进电磁阀均处于关闭状态；It also includes the forward operation of the drill bit, the hollow drill pipe and the intermediate casing, and the forward operation of the outer casing and the screen; in the initial state, both the drill bit advancement solenoid valve and the outer casing advancement solenoid valve are closed;

钻头和空心钻杆和中间套管的前进操作是：The forward operation of the drill bit and hollow drill pipe and intermediate casing is:

首先是固定外套管作业，打开各中电磁阀和各后电磁阀，使外套管外壁上的各中气压顶和后气压顶均顶紧钻孔的孔壁，从而将外套管固定在钻孔内；The first is to fix the outer casing, open each middle solenoid valve and each rear solenoid valve, so that the middle pressure caps and the rear pressure caps on the outer wall of the outer casing are pressed against the hole wall of the borehole, so as to fix the outer casing in the borehole. ;

其次是前进作业，使钻头前进电磁阀处于打开状态，同时使外套管前进电磁阀处于关闭状态，此时钻头前进电磁阀处向钻孔内卸压，前环腔中的气压低于后环腔中的气压，在后环腔和后环腔的压差作用下，活塞带动中间套管、空心钻杆和钻头前进；The second is the forward operation, so that the advance solenoid valve of the drill bit is in an open state, and at the same time, the advance solenoid valve of the outer casing is closed. Under the action of the pressure difference between the rear ring cavity and the rear ring cavity, the piston drives the intermediate casing, the hollow drill pipe and the drill bit forward;

钻头前进后，关闭各中电磁阀和各后电磁阀，从而解除对外套管的固定；钻头和空心钻杆和中间套管的前进操作后，接着进行外套管和筛管的前进操作；After the drill bit is advanced, close each solenoid valve and each rear solenoid valve to release the fixing of the outer casing; after the forward operation of the drill bit, the hollow drill pipe and the intermediate casing, the outer casing and the screen pipe are then advanced;

外套管和筛管的前进操作是：The forward operation of the outer casing and screen is:

首先是固定中间套管作业，打开各前电磁阀，使中间套管外壁上的各前气压顶均顶紧钻孔的孔壁，从而将中间套管固定在钻孔内；The first is to fix the middle casing, open each front solenoid valve, so that each front air pressure cap on the outer wall of the middle casing is pressed against the hole wall of the borehole, so as to fix the middle casing in the borehole;

其次是前进作业，使外套管前进电磁阀处于打开状态，同时使钻头前进电磁阀处于关闭状态，此时外套管前进电磁阀处向钻孔内卸压，前环腔中的气压高于后环腔中的气压，在后环腔和后环腔的压差作用下，外套管向前运动；The second is the forward operation, so that the advance solenoid valve of the outer casing is in an open state, and at the same time, the solenoid valve of the drill bit is closed. The air pressure in the cavity, under the action of the pressure difference between the rear annular cavity and the rear annular cavity, the outer sleeve moves forward;

外套管前进后，关闭各前电磁阀，从而解除对中间套管的固定；After the outer casing is advanced, close each front solenoid valve to release the fixation of the middle casing;

最后，使钻头前进电磁阀和外套管前进电磁阀均处于关闭状态，恢复初始状态；Finally, both the drill bit advancing solenoid valve and the outer casing advancing solenoid valve are closed to restore the initial state;

循环进行钻头和空心钻杆和中间套管的前进操作以及外套管和筛管的前进操作，直到钻孔作业全部完成。The advancing operations of the drill bit and the hollow drill pipe and the intermediate casing and the advancing operations of the outer casing and the screen are cyclically performed until the drilling operation is completed.

钻孔的孔口位于一条巷道的侧壁上；当钻进的前方具有下一条巷道时，使钻孔延伸至下一条巷道，钻头和钻杆由下一条巷道处取出，完成钻孔；The hole of the drilled hole is located on the side wall of a roadway; when there is the next roadway in front of the drilling, the drilled hole is extended to the next roadway, and the drill bit and the drill pipe are taken out from the next roadway to complete the drilling;

当钻进的前方为采煤作业的末段、没有下一条巷道时，钻进过程中控制瓦斯抽排定向钻具进行转向操作，使钻孔沿弧形轨迹延伸到同一条巷道的侧壁的另一处，由同一条巷道上钻孔的末端开口取出钻头和钻杆，完成钻孔。When the front of the drilling is the last section of the coal mining operation and there is no next roadway, the gas extraction directional drilling tool is controlled to perform a steering operation during the drilling process, so that the drill hole extends along the arc trajectory to the side wall of the same roadway. In another place, the drill bit and drill pipe are taken out from the end opening of the drilled hole in the same roadway to complete the drilling.

本发明具有如下的优点：The present invention has the following advantages:

本发明中以空心钻杆向前传递的高压气体作为动力源，由气动马达驱动钻头旋转，实现了空心钻杆在钻进过程中无须旋转，减少了钻进过程中在煤层中引起的振动，进而减小了塌孔的机率。In the invention, the high-pressure gas transmitted forward by the hollow drill pipe is used as the power source, and the pneumatic motor drives the drill bit to rotate, so that the hollow drill pipe does not need to be rotated during the drilling process, and the vibration caused in the coal seam during the drilling process is reduced. This reduces the chance of hole collapse.

在钻进方向与预定方向发生偏离时，本发明可以通过分别控制各前电磁阀的开与关，控制各前气压顶处于起顶状态或收回状态，从而在垂直于空心钻杆轴线的方向上对空心钻杆前部施加不同方向的力，进而使空心钻杆的前端以及钻头回归预定方向（或进行空心钻杆方向的主动调节）。总之，本发明能够在钻进过程中，通过对空心钻杆前部施加垂直于空心钻杆轴线的力而调节钻头的朝向，在钻进过程中纠正钻进方向或主动调节钻进方向，使本发明具有定向钻进的功能。When the drilling direction deviates from the predetermined direction, the present invention can control the opening and closing of each front solenoid valve to control each front air pressure jack to be in a jacking state or a retracting state, so that in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the hollow drill pipe Forces in different directions are applied to the front of the hollow drill pipe, so that the front end of the hollow drill pipe and the drill bit return to the predetermined direction (or the direction of the hollow drill pipe is actively adjusted). In a word, the present invention can adjust the orientation of the drill bit by applying a force perpendicular to the axis of the hollow drill pipe to the front of the hollow drill pipe during the drilling process, correct the drilling direction or actively adjust the drilling direction during the drilling process, so that the The invention has the function of directional drilling.

本发明中钻杆无须向后延伸至钻孔以外，中间套管、外套管、中气压顶、后气压顶、钻头前进电磁阀和外套管前进电磁阀的设置，可以通过择一开启钻头前进电磁阀或外套管前进电磁阀，使钻头（和空心钻杆）和外套管交替前进，前进时由高压气体作为前进动力，稳定向前推进钻进工作。In the present invention, the drill pipe does not need to extend backward beyond the borehole, and the setting of the intermediate casing, the outer casing, the intermediate gas pressure cap, the rear air pressure cap, the drill bit advancing solenoid valve and the outer casing advancing solenoid valve can be selected by opening the drill bit advancing solenoid valve. The valve or the outer casing advance solenoid valve makes the drill bit (and the hollow drill pipe) and the outer casing advance alternately. When advancing, the high pressure gas is used as the forward driving force to stably advance the drilling work.

筛管连接于外套管后端，钻头向前推进后，筛管马上就能对钻孔起到支护作用，防止了塌孔现象的出现。在钻孔后，无须再向钻孔中插入瓦斯抽采管，可以通过筛管直接抽采钻孔周围煤体中释放的瓦斯，既防止了塌孔，又节省了单独的插管步骤，具有明显的推广应用价值。The screen pipe is connected to the rear end of the outer casing. After the drill bit is pushed forward, the screen pipe can immediately support the borehole, preventing the phenomenon of hole collapse. After drilling, there is no need to insert a gas extraction pipe into the hole, and the gas released from the coal mass around the hole can be directly extracted through the screen pipe, which not only prevents the hole from collapsing, but also saves a separate intubation step. Significant promotion and application value.

通过测斜仪可以实时了解钻进的轨迹和方位状态，进而能够及时对钻进过程做出必要的调整。Through the inclinometer, the drilling trajectory and azimuth status can be understood in real time, so that necessary adjustments can be made to the drilling process in time.

本发明的钻孔方法灵活方便地实现了钻头和外套管的交替前进，实现了钻进过程中的转向操作。The drilling method of the present invention flexibly and conveniently realizes the alternate advancement of the drill bit and the outer casing, and realizes the steering operation during the drilling process.

总之，本发明的瓦斯抽排定向钻具实现了自进式钻进，边钻进边下管，及时支护钻孔，无须在钻孔后进行单独的插入瓦斯抽采管的操作，使整个钻进过程更安全，省时高效，降低了操作难度，提高了工作效率。In a word, the gas drainage directional drilling tool of the present invention realizes self-propelled drilling, lowers the pipe while drilling, supports the drilling in time, and does not need to perform a separate operation of inserting the gas drainage pipe after drilling, so that the entire The drilling process is safer, time-saving and efficient, reducing the difficulty of operation and improving work efficiency.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是钻头和空心钻杆和中间套管前进之前本发明的结构示意图；此时中气压顶和后气压顶起顶，做好钻头前进的准备；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention before the drill bit, the hollow drill pipe and the intermediate casing are advanced; at this time, the middle air pressure jack and the rear air pressure jack are jacked up, and the preparation for the advance of the drill bit is done;

图2是钻头的左视图；Figure 2 is a left side view of the drill bit;

图3是图1的A－A截面图；Fig. 3 is AA cross-sectional view of Fig. 1;

图4是图1中A处的放大图；Fig. 4 is the enlarged view of A place in Fig. 1;

图5是钻头和空心钻杆和中间套管前进之后本发明的结构示意图；此时前气压顶起顶，做好外套管前进的准备；Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the present invention after the drill bit, the hollow drill pipe and the intermediate casing are advanced; at this time, the front air pressure is jacked up, and the preparation for the advancement of the outer casing is done;

图6是本发明的电控原理图。Fig. 6 is the electric control principle diagram of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

如图1至图6所示，本发明的瓦斯抽排定向钻具包括空心钻杆1和钻头2，以钻进的方向为前向，空心钻杆1向后连接有高压气路，空心钻杆1前端连接有气动马达3，气动马达3的输出轴向前连接所述钻头2；As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 , the gas extraction directional drilling tool of the present invention includes ahollow drill pipe 1 and adrill bit 2. Taking the drilling direction as the forward direction, thehollow drill pipe 1 is connected with a high-pressure gas path backward. A pneumatic motor 3 is connected to the front end of therod 1, and the output shaft of the pneumatic motor 3 is connected to thedrill bit 2 forward;

气动马达3后方的空心钻杆处沿周向均匀设有三个以上（优选设有四个）前气压顶4，各前气压顶4分别与高压气路相连接，各前气压顶4与高压气路的相连接处分别设有用于控制相应前气压顶4的工作状态的前电磁阀5；各前气压顶4的起顶方向均垂直于空心钻杆1的轴线；高压气路向后延伸至钻孔外的高压气源。The hollow drill pipe behind the air motor 3 is evenly provided with more than three (preferably four) front air pressure caps 4 in the circumferential direction, each front air pressure cap 4 is respectively connected with the high-pressure air path, and each front air pressure cap 4 is connected to the high-pressure air The connection places of the roads are respectively provided with front solenoid valves 5 for controlling the working state of the corresponding front air pressure tops 4; the lifting direction of each front air pressure top 4 is perpendicular to the axis of thehollow drill pipe 1; the high-pressure air path extends backward to the drilling High pressure air source outside the hole.

空心钻杆1优选采用可伸缩钻杆，为现有技术，具体结构不再详述。电磁阀为常规技术，图1和图5中未示各前电磁阀5以及后文的中电磁阀6和后电磁阀7。高压气源可以是气泵、空气压缩机、高压气罐或者通入井下的高压管路，为常规技术，图未示。Thehollow drill rod 1 is preferably a telescopic drill rod, which is in the prior art, and the specific structure will not be described in detail. The solenoid valve is a conventional technology, and each front solenoid valve 5 and the middle solenoid valve 6 and the rear solenoid valve 7 are not shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 . The high-pressure gas source can be an air pump, an air compressor, a high-pressure gas tank, or a high-pressure pipeline leading into the well, which is a conventional technology and is not shown in the figure.

所述空心钻杆1上套设有同轴线的中间套管8，中间套管8的内壁通过连接杆与空心钻杆1的外壁固定连接；连接杆为常规技术，图未示。中间套管8位于气动马达3的后方，各前气压顶4沿中间套管8的周向方向设置在各中间套管8上并与各中间套管8相连通，各前气压顶4通过前电磁阀5由中间套管8取得高压气体作为动力源；中间套管8的前端封闭且后端连接有用于通入高压气体的高压内管9；各前气压顶4均通过中间套管8与空心钻杆1相连接。Thehollow drill pipe 1 is sleeved with a coaxial intermediate casing 8, and the inner wall of the intermediate casing 8 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of thehollow drill pipe 1 through a connecting rod; the connecting rod is a conventional technology, not shown in the figure. The intermediate sleeve 8 is located behind the air motor 3, each front air pressure top 4 is arranged on each intermediate sleeve 8 along the circumferential direction of the intermediate sleeve 8 and communicated with each intermediate sleeve 8, and each front air pressure top 4 passes through the front sleeve 8. The solenoid valve 5 obtains high-pressure gas from the intermediate casing 8 as a power source; the front end of the intermediate casing 8 is closed and the rear end is connected with a high-pressureinner pipe 9 for introducing high-pressure gas; Thehollow drill pipe 1 is connected.

中间套管8外套设有同轴线的外套管10，外套管10位于各前气压顶4的后方；中间套管8的中部径向凸起设有活塞11，活塞11与外套管10的内壁滑动密封配合；外套管10向后连接有用于通入高压气体的高压外管12；高压内管9后端敞口，高压内管9向后插入高压外管12，高压内管9的外径小于高压外管12的内径从而使两者之间具有通向外套管的高压气体通道；高压内管9与高压外管12滑动配合，指高压内管9能够沿高压外管12滑动，不代表高压内管9的外壁与高压外管12之间密封配合；The middle casing 8 is provided with a coaxialouter casing 10, and theouter casing 10 is located behind each front air pressure top 4; Theouter casing 10 is connected with a high-pressureouter pipe 12 for introducing high-pressure gas; the rear end of the high-pressureinner pipe 9 is open, and the high-pressureinner pipe 9 is inserted into the high-pressureouter pipe 12 backward, and the outer diameter of the high-pressureinner pipe 9 The inner diameter of the high-pressureouter tube 12 is smaller than the inner diameter of the high-pressureouter tube 12, so that there is a high-pressure gas passage leading to the outer casing between the two; The outer wall of the high-pressureinner tube 9 and the high-pressureouter tube 12 are in sealing cooperation;

外套管10的前侧壁与中间套管8的外壁滑动密封配合；中间套管8与外套管10之间具有环形空腔，活塞11前方的环形空腔为前环腔13，活塞11后方的环形空腔为后环腔14；外套管10的前端部设有用于向钻孔内释放高压气体的钻头前进电磁阀15（优选采用常开电磁阀），钻头前进电磁阀15与前环腔13相连通；外套管10的后端部设有用于向钻孔内释放高压气体的外套管前进电磁阀16（优选采用常闭电磁阀），外套管前进电磁阀16与后环腔14相连通；前环腔13后端处的中间套管8上设有用于连通前环腔13的通孔；The front side wall of theouter sleeve 10 is slidingly and sealingly matched with the outer wall of the intermediate sleeve 8; there is an annular cavity between the intermediate sleeve 8 and theouter sleeve 10, the annular cavity in front of the piston 11 is the frontannular cavity 13, and the annular cavity behind the piston 11 is The annular cavity is the rearannular cavity 14; the front end of theouter casing 10 is provided with a drill bit advance solenoid valve 15 (preferably a normally open solenoid valve) for releasing high-pressure gas into the borehole. The drill bitadvance solenoid valve 15 and the frontannular cavity 13 The rear end of theouter casing 10 is provided with an outer casing advancing solenoid valve 16 (preferably a normally closed solenoid valve) for releasing high-pressure gas into the borehole, and the outer casing advancing solenoid valve 16 is communicated with the rearannular cavity 14; The intermediate sleeve 8 at the rear end of thefront ring cavity 13 is provided with a through hole for communicating with thefront ring cavity 13;

所述高压气路包括高压外管12、高压内管9、中间套管8和空心钻杆1；高压外管12与高压内管9和外套管10相连通，高压内管9与中间套管8相连通，中间套管8与空心钻杆1和各前气压顶4相连通；The high-pressure gas circuit includes a high-pressureouter pipe 12, a high-pressureinner pipe 9, an intermediate casing 8 and ahollow drill pipe 1; the high-pressureouter pipe 12 is communicated with the high-pressureinner pipe 9 and theouter casing 10, and the high-pressureinner pipe 9 is connected with the intermediate casing 8 are communicated, and the intermediate casing 8 is communicated with thehollow drill pipe 1 and each front air pressure top 4;

外套管10的前端部沿周向均匀设有三个以上（优选设有四个）中气压顶17，各中气压顶17分别与外套管10相连通，各中气压顶17与外套管10的相连接处分别设有用于控制相应中气压顶17的工作状态的中电磁阀6，各中气压顶17的起顶方向均垂直于外套管10的轴线；The front end of theouter sleeve 10 is evenly provided with three or more (preferably four) middle air pressure caps 17 along the circumferential direction, each middle air pressure cap 17 is communicated with theouter sleeve 10 respectively, and each middle air pressure cap 17 is in phase with theouter sleeve 10. The joints are respectively provided with middle solenoid valves 6 for controlling the working state of the corresponding middle gas pressure tops 17 , and the lifting direction of each middle gas pressure top 17 is perpendicular to the axis of theouter casing 10 ;

外套管10的后端部沿周向均匀设有三个以上（优选设有四个）后气压顶18，各后气压顶18分别与外套管10相连通，各后气压顶18与外套管10的相连接处分别设有用于控制相应后气压顶18的工作状态的后电磁阀7，各后气压顶18的起顶方向均垂直于外套管10的轴线。The rear end portion of theouter sleeve 10 is evenly provided with three or more (preferably four) rear air pressure caps 18 along the circumferential direction, each rearair pressure cap 18 is communicated with theouter sleeve 10 respectively, and each rearair pressure cap 18 is connected to theouter sleeve 10. Rear solenoid valves 7 for controlling the working state of the corresponding rear air pressure tops 18 are respectively provided at the connection points.

外套管10向后连接有用于支护钻孔和抽采瓦斯的筛管19，筛管19向后延伸至钻孔之外并用于连接瓦斯抽采设备，如负压风机和相应的管路。Theouter casing 10 is connected rearwardly with a screen pipe 19 for supporting the borehole and gas extraction. The screen pipe 19 extends backwards out of the borehole and is used for connecting gas extraction equipment, such as negative pressure fans and corresponding pipelines.

筛管19前端设有测斜仪20，测斜仪20、各前电磁阀5、各中电磁阀6、各后电磁阀7、钻头前进电磁阀15和外套管前进电磁阀16的连接线路均通过高压气路向后延伸至钻孔外部并与设置在钻孔外部的电控装置21相连接。电控装置21为集成电路或单片机或PC机，具有输入设备（如按键），优选连接有显示屏22和键盘23。The front end of the screen tube 19 is provided with aninclinometer 20, and the connection lines of theinclinometer 20, each front solenoid valve 5, each middle solenoid valve 6, each rear solenoid valve 7, the drill bit advancingsolenoid valve 15 and the outer casing advancing solenoid valve 16 are all connected. It extends backward to the outside of the borehole through the high-pressure gas path and is connected to theelectric control device 21 arranged outside the borehole. Theelectronic control device 21 is an integrated circuit or a single-chip computer or a PC, and has an input device (such as a key), preferably a display screen 22 and a keyboard 23 are connected.

本发明还公开了使用上述瓦斯抽排定向钻具进行的钻孔方法，钻进时由气动马达3驱动钻头2旋转，包括转向操作，转向操作是：The invention also discloses a drilling method using the above-mentioned gas extraction directional drilling tool. During drilling, thedrill bit 2 is driven by the pneumatic motor 3 to rotate, including a steering operation. The steering operation is:

前气压顶4沿空心钻杆1的周向均匀设有四个，分别为前上气压顶、前下气压顶、前左气压顶和前右气压顶；The front air pressure caps 4 are evenly provided with four in the circumferential direction of thehollow drill pipe 1, which are respectively the front upper air pressure cap, the front lower air pressure cap, the front left air pressure cap and the front right air cap;

朝上转向时启动前下气压顶，朝下转向时启动前上气压顶，朝左转向时启动前右气压顶，朝右转向时启动前左气压顶；根据实际的转向方向，启动与实际的转向方向相反位置的一个气压顶或两个气压顶（比如朝左上方向转向时，启动前右气压顶和前下气压顶）。控制气压顶的动作幅度（弹出量）从而精准控制转向方向。When turning up, start the front lower air pressure cap, when turning downward, start the front upper air cap, when turning left, start the front right air cap, when turning right, start the front left air cap; according to the actual steering direction, the activation and the actual One or two air caps in the opposite position of the steering direction (for example, when turning to the upper left, the front right air cap and the front lower air cap are activated). Control the range of motion (ejection) of the air cap to precisely control the steering direction.

还包括钻头2和空心钻杆1和中间套管8的前进操作，以及外套管10和筛管19的前进操作；初始状态下，钻头前进电磁阀15和外套管前进电磁阀16均处于关闭状态；It also includes the forward operation of thedrill bit 2, thehollow drill pipe 1 and the intermediate casing 8, and the forward operation of theouter casing 10 and the screen pipe 19; in the initial state, the drill bitadvancement solenoid valve 15 and the outer casing advancement solenoid valve 16 are both in a closed state ;

钻头2和空心钻杆1和中间套管8的前进操作是：The forward operation of thedrill bit 2 and thehollow drill pipe 1 and the intermediate casing 8 is:

首先是固定外套管10作业，打开各中电磁阀6和各后电磁阀7，使外套管10外壁上的各中气压顶17和后气压顶18均顶紧钻孔的孔壁，从而将外套管10固定在钻孔内；The first is to fix theouter casing 10, open each middle solenoid valve 6 and each rear solenoid valve 7, so that the middle air pressure caps 17 and the rear air pressure caps 18 on the outer wall of theouter casing 10 are pressed against the hole wall of the drilled hole, so that the outer casing Thepipe 10 is fixed in the borehole;

其次是前进作业，使钻头前进电磁阀15处于打开状态，同时使外套管前进电磁阀16处于关闭状态，此时钻头前进电磁阀15处向钻孔内卸压，前环腔13中的气压低于后环腔14中的气压，在后环腔14和后环腔14的压差作用下，活塞11带动中间套管8、空心钻杆1和钻头2前进；The second is the forward operation, so that theadvance solenoid valve 15 of the drill bit is in an open state, and at the same time, the outer casing advance solenoid valve 16 is in a closed state. At this time, theadvance solenoid valve 15 of the drill bit is depressurized into the borehole, and the air pressure in thefront ring cavity 13 is low. Due to the air pressure in the rearannular cavity 14 and the pressure difference between the rearannular cavity 14 and the rearannular cavity 14, the piston 11 drives the intermediate casing 8, thehollow drill pipe 1 and thedrill bit 2 to advance;

钻头2前进后，关闭各中电磁阀6和各后电磁阀7，从而解除对外套管10的固定；钻头2和空心钻杆1和中间套管8的前进操作后，接着进行外套管10和筛管19的前进操作；After thedrill bit 2 is advanced, close each middle solenoid valve 6 and each rear solenoid valve 7, thereby releasing the fixation of theouter casing 10; the forward operation of the screen tube 19;

外套管10和筛管19的前进操作是：The advancement of theouter casing 10 and screen 19 is:

首先是固定中间套管8作业，打开各前电磁阀5，使中间套管8外壁上的各前气压顶4均顶紧钻孔的孔壁，从而将中间套管8固定在钻孔内；The first is to fix the middle casing 8, and open each front solenoid valve 5, so that each front air pressure cap 4 on the outer wall of the middle casing 8 is pressed against the hole wall of the borehole, thereby fixing the middle casing 8 in the borehole;

其次是前进作业，使外套管前进电磁阀16处于打开状态，同时使钻头前进电磁阀15处于关闭状态，此时外套管前进电磁阀16处向钻孔内卸压，前环腔13中的气压高于后环腔14中的气压，在后环腔14和后环腔14的压差作用下，外套管10向前运动；The second is the forward operation, so that the outer casing forward solenoid valve 16 is in an open state, and at the same time, the drill bitforward solenoid valve 15 is in a closed state. Higher than the air pressure in the rearannular cavity 14, under the action of the pressure difference between the rearannular cavity 14 and the rearannular cavity 14, theouter sleeve 10 moves forward;

外套管10前进后，关闭各前电磁阀5，从而解除对中间套管8的固定；After theouter casing 10 is advanced, each front solenoid valve 5 is closed, thereby releasing the fixing of the intermediate casing 8;

最后，使钻头前进电磁阀15和外套管前进电磁阀16均处于关闭状态，恢复初始状态；Finally, the drill bit advancingsolenoid valve 15 and the outer casing advancing solenoid valve 16 are both closed to restore the initial state;

循环进行钻头2和空心钻杆1和中间套管8的前进操作以及外套管10和筛管19的前进操作，直到钻孔作业全部完成。The advancing operation of thedrill bit 2 and thehollow drill pipe 1 and the intermediate casing 8 and the advancing operation of theouter casing 10 and the screen pipe 19 are cyclically performed until the drilling operation is completely completed.

钻孔的孔口位于一条巷道的侧壁上；当钻进的前方具有下一条巷道时，使钻孔延伸至下一条巷道，钻头2和钻杆由下一条巷道处钻孔的开口处取出，完成钻孔；The hole of the drilled hole is located on the side wall of a roadway; when there is a next roadway in front of the drilling, the drilled hole is extended to the next roadway, and thedrill bit 2 and the drill pipe are taken out from the opening of the drilled hole at the next roadway, complete drilling;

当钻进的前方为采煤作业的末段、没有下一条巷道时，钻进过程中控制瓦斯抽排定向钻具进行转向操作，使钻孔沿弧形轨迹延伸到同一条巷道的侧壁的另一处，由同一条巷道上钻孔的末端开口取出钻头2和钻杆，完成钻孔。When the front of the drilling is the last section of the coal mining operation and there is no next roadway, the gas extraction directional drilling tool is controlled to perform a steering operation during the drilling process, so that the drill hole extends along the arc trajectory to the side wall of the same roadway. In another place, thedrill bit 2 and the drill pipe are taken out from the end opening of the drilled hole in the same roadway to complete the drilling.

钻孔后，筛管19留在钻孔中，既支护了钻孔，又可以直接作为瓦斯抽采管对钻孔进行抽采瓦斯的作业。After drilling, the screen pipe 19 remains in the drilling hole, which not only supports the drilling hole, but also can be directly used as a gas extraction pipe to perform gas extraction operations from the drilling hole.

以上实施例仅用以说明而非限制本发明的技术方案，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围的任何修改或局部替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate rather than limit the technical solutions of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the Any modification or partial replacement of the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. Directional drilling tool of gas pump drainage, including hollow drill rod and drill bit to the direction of drilling is forward, its characterized in that: the hollow drill rod is connected with a high-pressure gas circuit backwards, the front end of the hollow drill rod is connected with a pneumatic motor, and an output shaft of the pneumatic motor is connected with the drill bit forwards;

more than three front air pressure jacks are uniformly arranged at the hollow drill rod behind the pneumatic motor along the circumferential direction, each front air pressure jack is respectively connected with a high-pressure air path, and a front electromagnetic valve used for controlling the working state of the corresponding front air pressure jack is respectively arranged at the connection part of each front air pressure jack and the high-pressure air path; the jacking direction of each front pneumatic jack is vertical to the axis of the hollow drill rod; the high-pressure gas circuit extends to a high-pressure gas source outside the drill hole backwards.

2. The gas pumping directional drilling tool as set forth in claim 1, wherein:

the hollow drill rod is sleeved with a coaxial middle sleeve, and the inner wall of the middle sleeve is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the hollow drill rod through a connecting rod; the middle sleeve is positioned behind the pneumatic motor, and each front air pressure top is arranged on each middle sleeve along the circumferential direction of the middle sleeve and communicated with each middle sleeve; the front end of the middle sleeve is closed, and the rear end of the middle sleeve is connected with a high-pressure inner pipe for introducing high-pressure gas;

the middle sleeve is sleeved with a coaxial outer sleeve which is positioned behind the front air pressure jacks; a piston is arranged in the middle of the middle sleeve in a protruding mode in the radial direction and is in sliding sealing fit with the inner wall of the outer sleeve; the outer sleeve is connected with a high-pressure outer pipe used for introducing high-pressure gas backwards; the rear end of the high-pressure inner pipe is open, the high-pressure inner pipe is inserted into the high-pressure outer pipe backwards, the outer diameter of the high-pressure inner pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the high-pressure outer pipe, and the high-pressure inner pipe is in sliding fit with the high-pressure outer pipe;

the front side wall of the outer sleeve is in sliding sealing fit with the outer wall of the middle sleeve; an annular cavity is formed between the middle sleeve and the outer sleeve, the annular cavity in front of the piston is a front annular cavity, and the annular cavity behind the piston is a rear annular cavity; the front end part of the outer sleeve is provided with a drill bit advancing electromagnetic valve used for releasing high-pressure gas into the drill hole, and the drill bit advancing electromagnetic valve is communicated with the front annular cavity; the rear end part of the outer sleeve is provided with an outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valve used for releasing high-pressure gas into the drill hole, and the outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valve is communicated with the rear annular cavity; a through hole for communicating the front annular cavity is formed in the middle sleeve at the rear end of the front annular cavity;

the high-pressure gas circuit comprises a high-pressure outer pipe, a high-pressure inner pipe, an intermediate sleeve and a hollow drill rod; the high-pressure outer pipe is communicated with the high-pressure inner pipe and the outer sleeve, and the high-pressure inner pipe is communicated with the middle sleeve;

the front end part of the outer sleeve is uniformly provided with more than three middle-air pressure jacks along the circumferential direction, each middle-air pressure jack is respectively communicated with the outer sleeve, a middle electromagnetic valve used for controlling the working state of the corresponding middle-air pressure jack is respectively arranged at the joint of each middle-air pressure jack and the outer sleeve, and the jacking direction of each middle-air pressure jack is perpendicular to the axis of the outer sleeve;

more than three rear air pressure jacks are uniformly arranged at the rear end part of the outer sleeve along the circumferential direction, each rear air pressure jack is respectively communicated with the outer sleeve, a rear electromagnetic valve used for controlling the working state of the corresponding rear air pressure jack is respectively arranged at the joint of each rear air pressure jack and the outer sleeve, and the jacking direction of each rear air pressure jack is perpendicular to the axis of the outer sleeve.

3. The gas drainage directional drilling tool of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the outer sleeve is connected with a sieve tube used for supporting a drill hole and extracting gas backwards, and the sieve tube extends backwards to the outside of the drill hole and is used for being connected with gas extraction equipment.

4. The gas pumping directional drilling tool as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the front end of the sieve tube is provided with an inclinometer, and connecting circuits of the inclinometer, the front electromagnetic valves, the middle electromagnetic valves, the rear electromagnetic valves, the drill bit advancing electromagnetic valves and the outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valves extend backwards to the outside of the drill hole through a high-pressure air path and are connected with an electric control device arranged outside the drill hole.

5. A method of drilling a hole using the gas pumping directional drilling tool of claim 4, wherein: the drill bit is driven to rotate by a pneumatic motor during drilling, and the steering operation comprises the following steps:

four front air pressure jacks are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the hollow drill rod and respectively comprise a front upper air pressure jack, a front lower air pressure jack, a front left air pressure jack and a front right air pressure jack;

starting a front lower air pressure jack when turning upwards, starting a front upper air pressure jack when turning downwards, starting a front right air pressure jack when turning towards the left, and starting a front left air pressure jack when turning towards the right; and starting one air pressure jack or two air pressure jacks at the position opposite to the actual steering direction according to the actual steering direction.

6. The drilling method according to claim 5, wherein: the method also comprises the advancing operation of the drill bit, the hollow drill rod and the middle sleeve, and the advancing operation of the outer sleeve and the sieve tube; in the initial state, the drill bit advancing electromagnetic valve and the outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valve are both in a closed state;

the advancing operation of the drill bit and the hollow drill rod and the intermediate casing is as follows:

firstly, fixing the outer sleeve, opening each middle electromagnetic valve and each rear electromagnetic valve to enable each middle air pressure top and each rear air pressure top on the outer wall of the outer sleeve to tightly push against the hole wall of a drilled hole, and fixing the outer sleeve in the drilled hole;

secondly, forward operation is carried out, the forward electromagnetic valve of the drill bit is in an open state, the forward electromagnetic valve of the outer sleeve is in a closed state, pressure is relieved from the forward electromagnetic valve of the drill bit to the inside of the drill hole, the air pressure in the front annular cavity is lower than that in the rear annular cavity, and the piston drives the middle sleeve, the hollow drill rod and the drill bit to move forward under the action of the pressure difference between the rear annular cavity and the rear annular cavity;

after the drill bit advances, closing each middle electromagnetic valve and each rear electromagnetic valve so as to release the fixation of the outer sleeve; after the drill bit, the hollow drill rod and the middle sleeve advance, the outer sleeve and the sieve tube advance;

the advancing operation of the outer sleeve and the screen pipe is as follows:

firstly, fixing a middle sleeve, opening each front electromagnetic valve, enabling each front air pressure top on the outer wall of the middle sleeve to tightly push against the hole wall of a drilled hole, and fixing the middle sleeve in the drilled hole;

secondly, forward operation is carried out, the forward electromagnetic valve of the outer sleeve is in an open state, the forward electromagnetic valve of the drill bit is in a closed state, pressure of the forward electromagnetic valve of the outer sleeve is relieved towards the inside of the drill hole, the air pressure in the front annular cavity is higher than that in the rear annular cavity, and the outer sleeve moves forwards under the action of the pressure difference between the rear annular cavity and the rear annular cavity;

after the outer sleeve advances, closing each front electromagnetic valve, thereby releasing the fixation of the middle sleeve;

finally, the drill bit advancing electromagnetic valve and the outer sleeve advancing electromagnetic valve are both in a closed state, and the initial state is recovered;

and circularly performing the advancing operation of the drill bit, the hollow drill rod and the intermediate casing and the advancing operation of the outer casing and the screen pipe until the drilling operation is completely finished.

7. The drilling method according to claim 6, wherein: the hole opening of the drill hole is positioned on the side wall of one roadway; when the next roadway is arranged in front of the drill, the drill hole is extended to the next roadway, and the drill bit and the drill rod are taken out from the next roadway to finish the drilling;

when the drilling front is the end section of coal mining operation and no next roadway exists, the gas pumping directional drilling tool is controlled to perform steering operation in the drilling process, so that the drilled hole extends to the other part of the side wall of the same roadway along the arc-shaped track, and the drill bit and the drill rod are taken out from the tail end opening of the drilled hole in the same roadway to finish drilling.

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