CN110671050B - Directional rotary steering drilling tool - Google Patents
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- CN110671050B CN110671050BCN201910931968.9ACN201910931968ACN110671050BCN 110671050 BCN110671050 BCN 110671050BCN 201910931968 ACN201910931968 ACN 201910931968ACN 110671050 BCN110671050 BCN 110671050B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
- E21B7/064—Deflecting the direction of boreholes specially adapted drill bits therefor
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及石油钻井技术领域，尤其涉及一种指向式旋转导向钻井工具。The invention relates to the technical field of oil drilling, in particular to a pointing rotary steerable drilling tool.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，为了满足现代油气田勘探开发的需要，需要在钻进过程中对井眼轨迹控制上不断的创新和优化，尤其是在水平井、大位移井等方面，所以钻井工具所面临的地层条件日益复杂，为了达到提高产能的目的，需要对井眼轨迹进行有效的控制。In recent years, in order to meet the needs of modern oil and gas field exploration and development, it is necessary to continuously innovate and optimize wellbore trajectory control during drilling, especially in horizontal wells and extended-reach wells. Therefore, the formation conditions faced by drilling tools With increasing complexity, in order to achieve the purpose of increasing productivity, it is necessary to effectively control the wellbore trajectory.
而在进入21世纪后，海洋油气资源、非常规油气和新能源的开发利用已经成为各国谋求未来发展的制高点，尤其是可燃冰、干热岩等新能源的开发，显著影响着国际能源的格局。目前，这类资源的开采以大位移井和丛式水平井为主，其开发对钻井工具的造斜能力要求比较高，传统的导向钻井工具不能满足这类井的开发。After entering the 21st century, the development and utilization of marine oil and gas resources, unconventional oil and gas and new energy have become the commanding heights for countries to seek future development, especially the development of new energy such as combustible ice and hot dry rock, which significantly affects the pattern of international energy. . At present, the exploitation of such resources is dominated by extended-reach wells and cluster horizontal wells, and their development requires relatively high deflection ability of drilling tools, and traditional steerable drilling tools cannot meet the development of such wells.
目前，旋转导向钻井技术是一种开发该类井的一种有效方式，且在钻进现场得到了规模化应用。该技术主要是通过在旋转导向钻井工具来实现，该工具安装在近钻头处，通过在旋转钻进的同时调节钻头的方位和弯角，使得钻头朝着预定的轨迹进行旋转钻进。该种钻进方式能显著提高复杂地层的钻进效率，并提升了复杂地层开采的可能性。At present, rotary steerable drilling technology is an effective way to develop such wells, and it has been applied on a large scale in drilling sites. This technology is mainly realized by rotating a steerable drilling tool, which is installed near the drill bit, and adjusts the orientation and bending angle of the drill bit while rotating, so that the drill bit rotates and drills toward a predetermined trajectory. This drilling method can significantly improve the drilling efficiency of complex formations and increase the possibility of mining complex formations.
旋转导向钻井技术的核心是旋转导向钻井工具。目前，所研制的该类工具的成熟度相对较差，不能完全满足现在对复杂地层开采的需求。The core of rotary steerable drilling technology is the rotary steerable drilling tool. At present, the maturity of the developed tools is relatively poor, and cannot fully meet the current demand for complex formation mining.
由此，本发明人凭借多年从事相关行业的经验与实践，提出一种指向式旋转导向钻井工具，以克服现有技术的缺陷。Therefore, the inventor of the present invention proposes a point-type rotary steerable drilling tool by virtue of years of experience and practice in related industries to overcome the defects of the prior art.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供一种指向式旋转导向钻井工具，该工具能同时调节工具的弯角和方位，自动导向钻井，实现钻进过程中井眼轨迹的控制。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a directional rotary steerable drilling tool, which can adjust the bending angle and orientation of the tool at the same time, automatically steer the drilling, and realize the control of the wellbore trajectory during the drilling process.
本发明的目的是这样实现的，一种指向式旋转导向钻井工具，包括本体外壳，所述本体外壳上沿轴向贯通设置中心孔，所述本体外壳的底端花瓣式连接中空的钻头座；所述中心孔内设置能轴向移动且能周向转动的导向内筒，所述导向内筒的底端通过中空的旋转支撑轴摆动连接所述钻头座，所述导向内筒上套设能推拉所述导向内筒沿轴向移动的导向外筒，所述导向内筒通过轴向移动改变所述钻头座与所述本体外壳之间的弯角；所述导向内筒的顶端设置能驱动所述导向内筒周向转动的旋转驱动结构，所述导向内筒通过周向转动改变所述钻头座的方位，所述旋转驱动结构包括中空的螺杆输出轴，所述螺杆输出轴的顶端连接能驱动所述螺杆输出轴转动的螺杆马达，所述螺杆输出轴的底端通过中空的连接轴驱动所述导向内筒周向转动；所述螺杆输出轴、所述连接轴、所述导向内筒和所述旋转支撑轴的内腔轴向贯通构成钻井液通道。The purpose of the present invention is to achieve this, a directional rotary steerable drilling tool, comprising a main body casing, a central hole is arranged through the main body casing in the axial direction, and the bottom end of the main body casing is connected to a hollow drill bit seat in a petal-like manner; A guiding inner cylinder capable of axial movement and circumferential rotation is arranged in the central hole. Push and pull the guide outer cylinder that moves along the axial direction of the guide inner cylinder, and the guide inner cylinder changes the angle between the drill bit seat and the body shell through the axial movement; the top end of the guide inner cylinder is configured to drive The rotational drive structure of the inner guide cylinder rotates in the circumferential direction, the guide inner cylinder changes the orientation of the drill bit seat through the circumferential rotation, the rotation drive structure includes a hollow screw output shaft, and the top end of the screw output shaft is connected to A screw motor that can drive the screw output shaft to rotate, and the bottom end of the screw output shaft drives the guide inner cylinder to rotate circumferentially through a hollow connecting shaft; the screw output shaft, the connecting shaft, the guide inner cylinder The cylinder and the inner cavity of the rotating support shaft axially pass through to form a drilling fluid channel.
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中，所述本体外壳内还设置能驱动所述导向外筒轴向移动且能调节所述导向内筒转速的调节结构。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an adjustment structure capable of driving the outer guide cylinder to move axially and adjusting the rotational speed of the guide inner cylinder is further provided in the body casing.
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中，所述导向内筒的底端偏心设置倾斜的支撑块容置槽，所述支撑块容置槽内设置支撑块，所述支撑块内设置第一球形凹槽；所述旋转支撑轴的顶端设置支撑轴球头，所述旋转支撑轴向下延伸穿设于所述钻头座内，所述支撑轴球头能摆动连接于所述第一球形凹槽内以改变所述钻头座与所述本体外壳之间的方位和弯角。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an inclined support block accommodating groove is eccentrically disposed at the bottom end of the guide inner cylinder, a support block is disposed in the support block accommodating groove, and a first spherical shape is disposed in the support block. a groove; the top end of the rotating support shaft is provided with a support shaft ball head, the rotating support shaft extends downward and passes through the drill bit seat, and the support shaft ball head can swing connected to the first spherical groove to change the orientation and angle between the drill seat and the body shell.
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中，所述螺杆输出轴上固定设置第一锥齿轮，所述连接轴上固定设置第二锥齿轮，所述本体外壳内转动套设连接筒，所述连接筒内周向间隔设置第三锥齿轮，所述第一锥齿轮通过所述第三锥齿轮与所述第二锥齿轮啮合连接，所述第一锥齿轮、所述第二锥齿轮和所述第三锥齿轮构成行星锥齿轮机构，所述第一锥齿轮的转速恒定，所述连接筒通过所述第三锥齿轮和所述第二锥齿轮调节所述连接轴的转速。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first bevel gear is fixedly arranged on the screw output shaft, a second bevel gear is fixedly arranged on the connecting shaft, a connecting cylinder is rotatably sleeved in the main body shell, and the connecting A third bevel gear is arranged at intervals in the cylinder, the first bevel gear is meshed with the second bevel gear through the third bevel gear, the first bevel gear, the second bevel gear and the The third bevel gear constitutes a planetary bevel gear mechanism, the rotational speed of the first bevel gear is constant, and the connecting cylinder adjusts the rotational speed of the connecting shaft through the third bevel gear and the second bevel gear.
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中，所述调节结构包括调速电机，所述调速电机的输出轴向下延伸设置，所述输出轴上固定设置第一直齿轮，所述本体外壳内能转动地套设中空的导轮，所述导轮的内壁顶端设置第一内直齿轮，所述第一直齿轮能与所述第一内直齿轮啮合，所述调速电机通过所述第一直齿轮和所述第一内直齿轮驱动所述导轮相对所述本体外壳转动；In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adjusting structure includes a speed regulating motor, an output shaft of the speed regulating motor is arranged to extend downward, a first spur gear is fixed on the output shaft, and a first spur gear is fixed on the output shaft. A hollow guide wheel is rotatably sleeved, the top of the inner wall of the guide wheel is provided with a first internal spur gear, the first spur gear can be meshed with the first internal spur gear, and the speed regulating motor passes through the first internal spur gear. The spur gear and the first inner spur gear drive the guide wheel to rotate relative to the body shell;
所述导轮的内壁底端设置第二内直齿轮，所述螺杆输出轴上固定设置第二直齿轮，所述连接筒的顶端沿周向间隔凸设多个直齿轮轴，各所述直齿轮轴上分别设置第三直齿轮，所述第二内直齿轮通过所述第三直齿轮与所述第二直齿轮啮合连接，所述第二内直齿轮、所述第二直齿轮和所述第三直齿轮构成行星直齿轮机构，所述第二直齿轮的转速恒定，所述导轮通过所述第二内直齿轮和所述第三直齿轮调节所述连接筒的转速。The bottom end of the inner wall of the guide wheel is provided with a second internal spur gear, the screw output shaft is fixedly provided with a second spur gear, and the top end of the connecting cylinder is protruded with a plurality of spur gear shafts along the circumferential direction. A third spur gear is respectively arranged on the gear shaft, the second internal spur gear is meshed with the second spur gear through the third spur gear, and the second internal spur gear, the second spur gear and the The third spur gear constitutes a planetary spur gear mechanism, the rotational speed of the second spur gear is constant, and the guide wheel adjusts the rotational speed of the connecting cylinder through the second internal spur gear and the third spur gear.
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中，所述本体外壳内能转动地套设有螺纹筒，所述螺纹筒的内壁下部设置内梯形螺纹部，所述导向外筒的外壁上部设置与所述内梯形螺纹部匹配的外梯形螺纹部，所述导向外筒和所述螺纹筒构成丝杠螺母机构；所述导向外筒的外壁通过花键结构能移动地套设于所述本体外壳的内壁上，所述导向外筒的内壁上设置卡止环槽，所述导向内筒的外壁上设置能轴向卡止于所述卡止环槽内的卡止凸环；所述导向内筒的外壁顶端通过花键结构能轴向移动且周向固定地套设于所述连接轴的内壁下部。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a threaded barrel is rotatably sleeved in the main body shell, an inner trapezoidal threaded portion is arranged on the lower part of the inner wall of the threaded barrel, and the upper part of the outer wall of the guide outer barrel is arranged with the The outer trapezoidal threaded portion is matched with the inner trapezoidal threaded portion, the guide outer cylinder and the threaded cylinder constitute a lead screw nut mechanism; the outer wall of the guide outer cylinder is movably sleeved on the inner wall of the main body shell through a spline structure The inner wall of the guide outer cylinder is provided with a locking ring groove, and the outer wall of the guide inner cylinder is provided with a locking convex ring that can be axially locked in the locking ring groove; The top end of the outer wall can move axially through the spline structure and is circumferentially fixedly sleeved on the lower part of the inner wall of the connecting shaft.
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中，所述连接轴上设有第四直齿轮，所述螺纹筒的内壁上部设置第三内直齿轮，所述本体外壳的内壁与所述连接轴外壁之间设置能沿轴向移动的离合轴，所述离合轴的外壁顶部设置第五直齿轮，所述离合轴的外壁下部设置第六直齿轮，所述离合轴的外壁底部设置第七直齿轮，所述第七直齿轮与所述第三内直齿轮啮合连接；所述离合轴能驱动所述螺纹筒顺时针转动或逆时针转动。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the connecting shaft is provided with a fourth spur gear, the upper part of the inner wall of the threaded barrel is provided with a third internal spur gear, and the inner wall of the main body shell and the outer wall of the connecting shaft are arranged between A clutch shaft that can move in the axial direction is arranged between the clutch shafts, a fifth spur gear is arranged at the top of the outer wall of the clutch shaft, a sixth spur gear is arranged at the lower part of the outer wall of the clutch shaft, and a seventh spur gear is arranged at the bottom of the outer wall of the clutch shaft. The seventh spur gear is meshed with the third inner spur gear; the clutch shaft can drive the threaded barrel to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise.
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中，所述离合轴具有轴向间隔的第一工作位、第二工作位和第三工作位；In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the clutch shaft has an axially spaced first working position, a second working position and a third working position;
所述连接筒的内壁底端设置第四内直齿轮，所述离合轴上移至所述第五直齿轮与所述第四内直齿轮啮合为第一工作位，所述连接筒通过第四内直齿轮啮合第五直齿轮且第七直齿轮啮合第三内直齿轮驱动所述螺纹筒相对连接筒同向转动；The bottom end of the inner wall of the connecting cylinder is provided with a fourth internal spur gear, the clutch shaft moves up to the first working position where the fifth spur gear meshes with the fourth internal spur gear, and the connecting cylinder passes through the fourth internal spur gear. The inner spur gear engages the fifth spur gear and the seventh spur gear engages the third inner spur gear to drive the threaded barrel to rotate in the same direction relative to the connecting barrel;
所述离合轴下移至所述第五直齿轮脱离所述第四内直齿轮且所述第六直齿轮脱离所述第四直齿轮为第二工作位；The clutch shaft moves down until the fifth spur gear disengages from the fourth internal spur gear and the sixth spur gear disengages from the fourth spur gear is the second working position;
所述离合轴下移至所述第五直齿轮脱离所述第四内直齿轮、所述第六直齿轮与所述第四直齿轮啮合为第三工作位，所述连接轴通过第六直齿轮啮合第四直齿轮且第七直齿轮啮合第三内直齿轮驱动所述螺纹筒相对连接轴反向转动。The clutch shaft moves down until the fifth spur gear is disengaged from the fourth internal spur gear, the sixth spur gear is meshed with the fourth spur gear to become the third working position, and the connecting shaft passes through the sixth spur gear. The gear meshes with the fourth spur gear and the seventh spur gear meshes with the third inner spur gear to drive the threaded barrel to rotate in the opposite direction relative to the connecting shaft.
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中，所述导轮、所述连接筒和所述螺纹筒通过悬挂滚珠能转动地套设于所述本体外壳的内壁上。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the guide wheel, the connecting cylinder and the threaded cylinder are rotatably sleeved on the inner wall of the main body shell through hanging balls.
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中，所述本体外壳的底部设置第二球形凹槽，所述钻头座的顶端设置能摆动连接于所述第二球形凹槽内的钻头座球头；所述本体外壳的底端设置花瓣槽，所述钻头座上套设花瓣下壳体，所述花瓣下壳体的顶端设置能与所述花瓣槽构成能摆动的花瓣连接的花瓣外凸部。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the main body shell is provided with a second spherical groove, and the top end of the drill seat is provided with a drill seat ball head that can be swingably connected to the second spherical groove; The bottom end of the main body shell is provided with a petal groove, a petal lower casing is sleeved on the drill base, and the top end of the petal lower casing is provided with a petal convex portion that can be connected with the petal groove to form a swingable petal.
由上所述，本发明提供的指向式旋转导向钻井工具具有如下有益效果：From the above, the directional rotary steerable drilling tool provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明提供的指向式旋转导向钻井工具中，主要驱动动力来自于螺杆马达，驱动扭矩较大，能提供较大的造斜力，能提高工具造斜的稳定性；钻进过程中，导向内筒在本体外壳内旋转，改变旋转支撑轴和钻头座的方位；导向内筒的轴向移动改变旋转支撑轴的轴向位置，从而改变工具的弯角，工具弯角调节范围大，工具的方位调节是通过导向外筒推动导向内筒轴向移动来实现的，调节过程可靠平稳；In the pointing rotary steerable drilling tool provided by the present invention, the main driving power comes from the screw motor, and the driving torque is large, which can provide a large deflection force and improve the deflection stability of the tool; The cylinder rotates in the body shell to change the orientation of the rotary support shaft and the drill seat; the axial movement of the guide inner cylinder changes the axial position of the rotary support shaft, thereby changing the bending angle of the tool. The adjustment range of the bending angle of the tool is large, and the orientation of the tool The adjustment is realized by the guide outer cylinder pushing the guide inner cylinder to move axially, and the adjustment process is reliable and stable;
本发明提供的指向式旋转导向钻井工具中，螺杆马达转速恒定，其驱动螺杆输出轴的转动为同一个方向的恒定转动，螺杆输出轴通过连接轴带动导向内筒周向转动，导向内筒带动旋转支撑轴摆动从而呈一定规律地改变钻头座的方位；通过控制调速电机的转速来实现钻头座方位的临时调节，该控制方式只是进行微调节，调速电机所需的驱动扭矩较小，调节方式可靠；In the pointing rotary steerable drilling tool provided by the present invention, the screw motor rotates at a constant speed, and the rotation of the driving screw output shaft is constant rotation in the same direction. The rotating support shaft oscillates to change the orientation of the drill bit seat regularly; the temporary adjustment of the drill bit seat orientation is achieved by controlling the speed of the speed-regulating motor. The adjustment method is reliable;
本发明提供的指向式旋转导向钻井工具中，钻头座与本体外壳之间弯角的调节通过离合轴的轴向移动来实现，调整过程平稳可靠；In the directional rotary steerable drilling tool provided by the present invention, the adjustment of the angle between the drill bit seat and the body shell is realized by the axial movement of the clutch shaft, and the adjustment process is stable and reliable;
本发明提供的指向式旋转导向钻井工具能同时调节工具的弯角和方位，自动导向钻井，实现钻进过程中井眼轨迹的控制。The directional rotary steerable drilling tool provided by the invention can adjust the bending angle and orientation of the tool at the same time, automatically steer the drilling, and realize the control of the wellbore trajectory during the drilling process.
附图说明Description of drawings
以下附图仅旨在于对本发明做示意性说明和解释，并不限定本发明的范围。The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present invention schematically, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
其中：in:
图1：为本发明的指向式旋转导向钻井工具的外观图。Fig. 1 is an external view of the pointing rotary steerable drilling tool of the present invention.
图2：为图1中A-A处剖视图。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view at A-A in FIG. 1 .
图3：为本发明的螺杆输出轴的示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the screw output shaft of the present invention.
图4：为本发明的连接轴的示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connecting shaft of the present invention.
图5：为本发明的离合轴的示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the clutch shaft of the present invention.
图中：In the picture:
100、指向式旋转导向钻井工具；100. Pointing rotary steerable drilling tool;
1、本体外壳；10、中心孔；1. Body shell; 10. Center hole;
2、钻头座；21、钻头座球头；22、花瓣下壳体；2. The drill seat; 21. The ball head of the drill seat; 22. The lower shell of the petal;
31、导向内筒；311、支撑块容置槽；312、支撑块；313、卡止凸环；32、导向外筒；33、螺纹筒；331、第三内直齿轮；31, guide inner cylinder; 311, support block accommodating groove; 312, support block; 313, locking convex ring; 32, guide outer cylinder; 33, threaded cylinder; 331, third internal spur gear;
4、旋转支撑轴；41、支撑轴球头；4. Rotating support shaft; 41. Support shaft ball head;
51、螺杆输出轴；52、第一锥齿轮；53、第二直齿轮；51. Screw output shaft; 52. The first bevel gear; 53. The second spur gear;
6、连接轴；61、第二锥齿轮；62、第四直齿轮；6, connecting shaft; 61, the second bevel gear; 62, the fourth spur gear;
71、连接筒；711、直齿轮轴；712、第四内直齿轮；72、第三锥齿轮；73、调速电机；74、第一直齿轮；75、导轮；751、第一内直齿轮；752、第二内直齿轮；76、第三直齿轮；71, connecting cylinder; 711, spur gear shaft; 712, fourth inner spur gear; 72, third bevel gear; 73, speed regulating motor; 74, first spur gear; 75, guide wheel; 751, first inner straight Gear; 752, the second internal spur gear; 76, the third spur gear;
8、离合轴；81、第五直齿轮；82、第六直齿轮；83、第七直齿轮；8, clutch shaft; 81, fifth spur gear; 82, sixth spur gear; 83, seventh spur gear;
9、悬挂滚珠。9. Hanging balls.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
在此描述的本发明的具体实施方式，仅用于解释本发明的目的，而不能以任何方式理解成是对本发明的限制。在本发明的教导下，技术人员可以构想基于本发明的任意可能的变形，这些都应被视为属于本发明的范围。需要说明的是，当元件被称为“设置于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是机械连接或电连接，也可以是两个元件内部的连通，可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的，并不表示是唯一的实施方式。The specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way. Under the teaching of the present invention, the skilled person can conceive any possible modifications based on the present invention, and these should be regarded as belonging to the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or it can be the internal communication between two components, it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific situations. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for the purpose of illustration only and do not represent the only embodiment.
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of the present application are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and are not intended to limit the present application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
如图1至图5所示，本发明提供一种指向式旋转导向钻井工具100，包括本体外壳1，本体外壳1上沿轴向贯通设置中心孔10，本体外壳1的底端花瓣式连接中空的钻头座2，钻头座2的底端连接钻头(图中未示出，现有技术)，本体外壳1的顶端连接上部钻铤(现有技术，图中未示出)，钻进的过程中，扭矩通过本体外壳1、花瓣式连接的钻头座2传递给钻头，钻压通过本体外壳1、钻头座2传递至钻头。中心孔10内设置能轴向移动且能周向转动的导向内筒31，导向内筒31的底端通过中空的旋转支撑轴4摆动连接钻头座2，导向内筒31上套设能推拉导向内筒31沿轴向移动的导向外筒32，导向内筒31通过轴向移动改变钻头座2与本体外壳1之间的弯角；导向内筒31的顶端设置能驱动导向内筒31周向转动的旋转驱动结构，导向内筒31通过周向转动改变钻头座2的方位，旋转驱动结构包括中空的螺杆输出轴51，螺杆输出轴51的顶端连接能驱动螺杆输出轴51转动的螺杆马达(现有技术，图中未示出)，螺杆马达转速恒定，能产生较大的输出扭矩，螺杆输出轴51的底端通过中空的连接轴6连接驱动导向内筒31周向转动；螺杆输出轴51、连接轴6、导向内筒31和旋转支撑轴4的内腔轴向贯通构成钻井液通道。As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 , the present invention provides a directional rotary
本发明提供的指向式旋转导向钻井工具中，主要驱动动力来自于螺杆马达，驱动扭矩较大，能提供较大的造斜力，能提高工具造斜的稳定性；钻进过程中，导向内筒在本体外壳旋转，改变旋转支撑轴和钻头座的方位；导向内筒的轴向移动改变旋转支撑轴的轴向位置，从而改变工具的弯角，工具弯角调节范围大，工具的方位调节是通过导向外筒推动导向内筒轴向移动来实现的，调节过程可靠平稳；本发明提供的指向式旋转导向钻井工具能同时调节工具的弯角和方位，自动导向钻井，实现钻进过程中井眼轨迹的控制。In the pointing rotary steerable drilling tool provided by the present invention, the main driving power comes from the screw motor, and the driving torque is large, which can provide a large deflection force and improve the deflection stability of the tool; The cylinder rotates on the body shell to change the orientation of the rotary support shaft and the drill seat; the axial movement of the guide inner cylinder changes the axial position of the rotary support shaft, thereby changing the bending angle of the tool. It is realized by the guiding outer cylinder pushing the guiding inner cylinder to move axially, and the adjustment process is reliable and stable; the directional rotary steerable drilling tool provided by the present invention can adjust the bending angle and orientation of the tool at the same time, automatically guide the drilling, and realize the drilling process. Control of eye trajectory.
进一步，本体外壳1内还设置能驱动导向外筒32轴向移动且能调节导向内筒31转速的调节结构。Further, an adjustment structure capable of driving the guide
进一步，如图2所示，导向内筒31的底端偏心设置倾斜的支撑块容置槽311，支撑块容置槽311内设置支撑块312，支撑块容置槽311为偏心的圆孔，支撑块312为中空的圆柱结构，支撑块312内设置第一球形凹槽；旋转支撑轴4的顶端设置支撑轴球头41，旋转支撑轴4向下延伸穿设于钻头座2内，支撑轴球头41能摆动连接于第一球形凹槽内以改变钻头座与本体外壳之间的方位(钻头座相对本体外壳的周向位置)和弯角(钻头座的中心轴与本体外壳的中心轴之间的夹角，该角度亦即钻头的中心轴与管柱的中心轴之间的夹角)。在本实施方式中，旋转支撑轴4的外壁下部设置外螺纹，钻头座2内设置内螺纹，旋转支撑轴4通过螺纹连接于钻头座2内。Further, as shown in FIG. 2 , the bottom end of the guiding
导向内筒31在导向外筒32的推拉下进行轴向移动，支撑块312随之轴向移动，改变旋转支撑轴4与导向内筒31之间的夹角，从而实现钻头座2与本体外壳1之间的弯角调整；导向内筒31周向转动，改变支撑块312上第一球形凹槽与本体外壳1之间的周向位置，改变旋转支撑轴4与本体外壳1之间的周向位置，从而实现钻头座2的方位调整。The guiding
进一步，如图2、图3所示，螺杆输出轴51上固定设置第一锥齿轮52，连接轴6上固定设置第二锥齿轮61，本体外壳1内转动套设连接筒71，连接筒71内周向间隔设置第三锥齿轮72，第三锥齿轮72为行星轮，第一锥齿轮52通过第三锥齿轮72与第二锥齿轮61啮合连接，第一锥齿轮52、第二锥齿轮61和第三锥齿轮72构成行星锥齿轮机构，螺杆输出轴51的转速恒定，故其上固定连接的第一锥齿轮52的转速恒定，连接筒71通过第三锥齿轮72和第二锥齿轮61调节连接轴6的转速(依据行星齿轮调速的原理，具体调速参数根据实际情况确定)。在本发明的一具体实施例中，在连接筒71的内壁下部设置有2个锥齿轮轴，各锥齿轮轴上分别固定安装一第三锥齿轮72。Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , a
螺杆马达转速恒定，其驱动螺杆输出轴51的转动为同一个方向的恒定转动，螺杆输出轴51通过连接轴6带动导向内筒31周向转动，导向内筒31带动旋转支撑轴4摆动从而呈一定规律地改变钻头座2的方位。当钻进过程中，需要临时调整钻头座2的方位时，启动调节结构，使连接筒71通过第三锥齿轮72和第二锥齿轮61调节连接轴6的转速，从而改变钻头座2的方位。The rotation speed of the screw motor is constant, and the rotation of the driving
进一步，如图2所示，调节结构包括调速电机73，调速电机73的转速可以调整，具体转速根据方位调整的实际需求确定，调速电机73固定安装于本体外壳1上；调速电机73的输出轴向下延伸设置，输出轴上固定设置第一直齿轮74，本体外壳1内能转动地套设中空的导轮75，导轮75的内壁顶端设置第一内直齿轮751，第一直齿轮74能与第一内直齿轮751啮合，调速电机73通过第一直齿轮74和第一内直齿轮751驱动导轮75相对本体外壳1转动；在本发明的一具体实施例中，调速电机73和第一直齿轮74的数量为2个，呈径向对称设置。Further, as shown in FIG. 2 , the adjustment structure includes a speed-regulating
导轮75的内壁底端设置第二内直齿轮752，螺杆输出轴51上固定设置第二直齿轮53，连接筒71的顶端沿周向间隔凸设多个直齿轮轴711(在本发明的一具体实施例中，直齿轮轴711的数量为4个，沿周向均布)，各直齿轮轴711上分别设置第三直齿轮76，第二内直齿轮752通过第三直齿轮76与第二直齿轮53啮合连接，第二内直齿轮752、第二直齿轮53和第三直齿轮76构成行星直齿轮机构，第二直齿轮53的转速恒定，导轮75通过第二内直齿轮752和第三直齿轮76调节连接筒71的转速。The bottom end of the inner wall of the
调速电机73和行星齿轮系(行星锥齿轮机构和行星直齿轮机构)能调节连接轴6及导向内筒31的转速，实现支撑块312的方位调节，从而改变钻头座2的方位。The
需要钻头座2的方位按规律恒定变化时，调速电机73关闭，螺杆马达驱动螺杆输出轴51绕同一个方向的恒定转动，螺杆输出轴51通过连接轴6带动导向内筒31周向转动，导向内筒31带动旋转支撑轴4摆动从而呈一定规律地改变钻头座2的方位。当钻进过程中，需要临时调整钻头座2的方位时，启动调速电机73，调速电机73通过第一直齿轮74啮合第一内直齿轮751以及第二内直齿轮752、第二直齿轮53和第三直齿轮76构成的行星直齿轮机构调节连接筒71的转速，连接筒71相应地带动第三锥齿轮72改变转速，实现连接轴6及导向内筒31的转速调节，从而改变钻头座2的方位。钻头座2的方位调节是通过控制调速电机73的转速来实现，且该控制方式只是进行微调节，调速电机73所需的驱动扭矩较小，调节方式可靠。When the orientation of the
进一步，如图2所示，本体外壳1内能转动地套设有螺纹筒33，螺纹筒33的内壁下部设置内梯形螺纹部，导向外筒32的外壁上部设置与内梯形螺纹部匹配的外梯形螺纹部，导向外筒32和螺纹筒33构成丝杠螺母机构；导向外筒32的外壁通过花键结构能移动地套设于本体外壳1的内壁上，导向外筒32的内壁上设置卡止环槽，导向内筒31的外壁上设置能轴向卡止于卡止环槽内的卡止凸环313；导向内筒31的外壁顶端通过花键结构能轴向移动且周向固定地套设于连接轴6的内壁下部。Further, as shown in FIG. 2 , a threaded
进一步，如图2、图4、图5所示，连接轴6上设有第四直齿轮62，螺纹筒33的内壁上部设置第三内直齿轮331，本体外壳1的内壁与连接轴6外壁之间设置能沿轴向移动的离合轴8(离合轴8可以通过液压机构实现轴向移动，该类液压机构为现有技术，图中未示出)，钻头座2与本体外壳1之间弯角的调节是通过离合轴8的轴向移动来实现的。离合轴8的外壁顶部设置第五直齿轮81，离合轴8的外壁下部设置第六直齿轮82，离合轴8的外壁底部设置第七直齿轮83，第七直齿轮83与第三内直齿轮331啮合连接；离合轴8能驱动螺纹筒33顺时针转动或逆时针转动。Further, as shown in FIG. 2 , FIG. 4 , and FIG. 5 , the connecting
进一步，离合轴8具有轴向间隔的第一工作位、第二工作位和第三工作位；Further, the
连接筒71的内壁底端设置第四内直齿轮712，离合轴8上移至第五直齿轮81与第四内直齿轮712啮合为第一工作位，连接筒71通过第四内直齿轮712啮合第五直齿轮81且第七直齿轮83啮合第三内直齿轮331驱动螺纹筒33相对连接筒71同向转动；The bottom end of the inner wall of the connecting cylinder 71 is provided with a fourth
离合轴8下移至第五直齿轮81脱离第四内直齿轮712且第六直齿轮82脱离第四直齿轮62为第二工作位；The
离合轴8下移至第五直齿轮81脱离第四内直齿轮712、第六直齿轮82与第四直齿轮62啮合为第三工作位，连接轴6通过第六直齿轮82啮合第四直齿轮62且第七直齿轮83啮合第三内直齿轮331驱动螺纹筒33相对连接轴6反向转动。The
在本发明的一具体实施例中，调速电机73的输出轴和螺杆输出轴51的旋转方向为顺时针方向；在钻进的过程中，钻头座2相对本体外壳1的弯角不需要调整时，离合轴8位于第二工作位；In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotation direction of the output shaft of the
需要增大钻头座2与本体外壳1之间的弯角时，需要导向内筒31下移，此时，将离合轴8上移至第一工作位时，第五直齿轮81与第四内直齿轮712啮合，启动调速电机73，连接筒71顺时针转动，连接筒71通过第四内直齿轮712啮合第五直齿轮81且第七直齿轮83啮合第三内直齿轮331驱动螺纹筒33顺时针转动，螺纹筒33的顺时针转动转化为导向外筒32的下移，导向外筒32下移并推动导向内筒31下移，钻头座2与本体外壳1之间的弯角增大；When the angle between the
需要减小钻头座2与本体外壳1之间的弯角时，需要导向内筒31上移，此时，将离合轴8下移至第三工作位，第五直齿轮81脱离第四内直齿轮712、第六直齿轮82与第四直齿轮62啮合；螺杆输出轴51顺时针转动，带动连接轴6顺时针转动，连接轴6通过第六直齿轮82啮合第四直齿轮62且第七直齿轮83啮合第三内直齿轮331驱动螺纹筒33逆时针转动，螺纹筒33的逆时针转动转化为导向外筒32的上移，导向外筒32上移并推动导向内筒31上移，钻头座2与本体外壳1之间的弯角减小。When the angle between the
在本实施方式中，导轮75、连接筒71和螺纹筒33通过悬挂滚珠9能转动地套设于本体外壳1的内壁上。In this embodiment, the
进一步，如图2所示，本体外壳1的底部设置第二球形凹槽，钻头座2的顶端设置能摆动连接于第二球形凹槽内的钻头座球头21；本体外壳1的底端设置花瓣槽，钻头座2上套设花瓣下壳体22，在本实施方式中，花瓣下壳体22通过螺纹连接于钻头座2上，花瓣下壳体22的顶端设置能与花瓣槽构成能摆动的花瓣连接的花瓣外凸部。Further, as shown in FIG. 2 , the bottom of the
由上所述，本发明提供的指向式旋转导向钻井工具具有如下有益效果：From the above, the directional rotary steerable drilling tool provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明提供的指向式旋转导向钻井工具中，主要驱动动力来自于螺杆马达，驱动扭矩较大，能提供较大的造斜力，能提高工具造斜的稳定性；钻进过程中，导向内筒在本体外壳内旋转，改变旋转支撑轴和钻头座的方位；导向内筒的轴向移动改变旋转支撑轴的轴向位置，从而改变工具的弯角，工具弯角调节范围大，工具的方位调节是通过导向外筒推动导向内筒轴向移动来实现的，调节过程可靠平稳；In the pointing rotary steerable drilling tool provided by the present invention, the main driving power comes from the screw motor, and the driving torque is large, which can provide a large deflection force and improve the deflection stability of the tool; The cylinder rotates in the body shell to change the orientation of the rotary support shaft and the drill seat; the axial movement of the guide inner cylinder changes the axial position of the rotary support shaft, thereby changing the bending angle of the tool. The adjustment range of the bending angle of the tool is large, and the orientation of the tool The adjustment is realized by the guide outer cylinder pushing the guide inner cylinder to move axially, and the adjustment process is reliable and stable;
本发明提供的指向式旋转导向钻井工具中，螺杆马达转速恒定，其驱动螺杆输出轴的转动为同一个方向的恒定转动，螺杆输出轴通过连接轴带动导向内筒周向转动，导向内筒带动旋转支撑轴摆动从而呈一定规律地改变钻头座的方位；通过控制调速电机的转速来实现钻头座方位的临时调节，该控制方式只是进行微调节，调速电机所需的驱动扭矩较小，调节方式可靠；In the pointing rotary steerable drilling tool provided by the present invention, the screw motor rotates at a constant speed, and the rotation of the driving screw output shaft is constant rotation in the same direction. The rotating support shaft oscillates to change the orientation of the drill bit seat regularly; the temporary adjustment of the drill bit seat orientation is achieved by controlling the speed of the speed-regulating motor. The adjustment method is reliable;
本发明提供的指向式旋转导向钻井工具中，钻头座与本体外壳之间弯角的调节通过离合轴的轴向移动来实现，调整过程平稳可靠；In the directional rotary steerable drilling tool provided by the present invention, the adjustment of the angle between the drill bit seat and the body shell is realized by the axial movement of the clutch shaft, and the adjustment process is stable and reliable;
本发明提供的指向式旋转导向钻井工具能同时调节工具的弯角和方位，自动导向钻井，实现钻进过程中井眼轨迹的控制。The directional rotary steerable drilling tool provided by the invention can adjust the bending angle and orientation of the tool at the same time, automatically steer the drilling, and realize the control of the wellbore trajectory during the drilling process.
以上所述仅为本发明示意性的具体实施方式，并非用以限定本发明的范围。任何本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的构思和原则的前提下所作出的等同变化与修改，均应属于本发明保护的范围。The above descriptions are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Equivalent changes and modifications made by any person skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principles of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| JPH11280367A (en)* | 1998-03-30 | 1999-10-12 | Raito Kogyo Co Ltd | Directional boring device having eccentric hole bending mechanism and directional boring method using the device |
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