Multi-galvanometer rapid calibration methodTechnical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a quick calibration method for a multi-galvanometer.
Background
In the technical field of additive manufacturing, a vibrating mirror is generally used for controlling a light (laser and the like) path to irradiate powder (metal, resin and the like) to solidify so as to realize the formation of complex parts; environmental changes such as temperature, humidity and vibration, mechanical abrasion of a motor and the like cause the step loss of the vibrating mirror motor, deviation is generated after a certain time, and the forming quality of parts is influenced, so that error compensation needs to be performed on the vibrating mirror in time to reduce the deviation.
In the process of using the galvanometer to perform high-precision laser processing, strict requirements on the processing precision of the galvanometer are often required, so that the galvanometer needs to be corrected in precision. In the technical field of additive manufacturing, in order to achieve the purposes of high efficiency and large breadth, a plurality of galvanometers are adopted to control optical path equipment; the galvanometer calibration of the multi-galvanometer equipment has the problems of complex operation, long time consumption and the need of an expensive measuring instrument for assistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly calibrating a multi-galvanometer, which solves the problems of complex operation and long consumed time in the splicing calibration process of the multi-galvanometer in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is a quick calibration method for a multi-galvanometer, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1: a plurality of galvanometer control light path emitters of the galvanometer control system emit light beams which strike a target array on a galvanometer correction plate;
all the galvanometers use the target positions of respective light-emitting original points as original points, and the scanning X, Y directions of the respective galvanometers as X and Y axes to form a plurality of cross coordinate systems, and the working range of the multi-galvanometer is the collection of the areas covered by the target arrays in the plurality of cross coordinate systems;
one of the vibrating mirrors is selected as a reference vibrating mirror, and the coordinates of the original points of the other vibrating mirrors in the coordinate system of the reference vibrating mirror are marked as p0、p1、p2… …, standard coordinates of the target arrays of the galvanometers in the respective cross coordinate systems are marked as m0、m1、m2… …, the maximum allowable target array deviation is designated as L, the maximum allowable galvanometer translation deviation is designated as M, and the maximum allowable galvanometer rotation deviation is designated as A.
Step 2, placing the galvanometer correction plate on a contact scanner, and operating the contact scanner to acquire a target array image;
step 3, the image processing module acquires relative coordinate values and rotation and translation quantities of the target arrays of the vibrating mirrors by using the target array images acquired in thestep 2;
step 3.1: and identifying the positions of all the cross points of the parallel oblique lines in the image, simultaneously selecting any point as an origin, taking the lower right direction as the positive direction of an X axis, taking the upper right direction as the positive direction of a Y axis, taking the interval length of the parallel oblique lines as a unit to form a grid coordinate system, and storing all the integral point coordinates and the image pixels to a set S.
Step 3.2: identifying the target array (target array) of each galvanometer in the imageRow preset interval is between 5mm and 10 mm), the position of the target of the light-emitting original point of the target array of each vibrating mirror is taken as the original point, the scanning X, Y direction of the vibrating mirror is taken as the positive direction of an X axis and the positive direction of a Y axis, the interval of the target array is taken as a unit to form a plurality of target array coordinate systems, and all integral point coordinates and image pixels of the vibrating mirrors in the target array coordinate systems are respectively stored to a set S00、S01、S02……。
Step 3.3: calculating set S from set S00、S01、S02… … in the grid coordinate system, and converting the actual coordinates into coordinate values in the cross coordinate system with the target position of the light-emitting origin of each galvanometer as the origin, and storing in the set S0、S1、S2… …, respectively.
Step 3.4: calculate the set S0、S1、S2… … and the angle between the positive X-axis direction of the grid coordinate system is denoted as A00、A01、A02… …, the angle relative to the reference galvanometer is denoted A0、A1、A2……;
Step 3.5: calculating the coordinate of the origin of each galvanometer in the coordinate system of the reference galvanometer, and combining the coordinate with the coordinate p0、p1、p2… … calculate the coordinate of each galvanometer to be shifted, and is marked as P0、P1、P2……
Wherein p is0、p1、p2… … is the coordinate of the origin of each galvanometer in the coordinate system of the reference galvanometer;
step 4, go through S0、S1、S2… …, respectively and m0、m1、m2… …, performing deviation value operation, if the deviation value is larger than the maximum allowable deviation value L, indicating that the current galvanometer needs to be corrected, and generating a current galvanometer coordinate compensation file.
Traverse P0、P1、P2… …, if the component of the offset of a galvanometer in the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction is larger than the maximum value M of the allowed translation deviation, it indicates that the galvanometer needs to be moved currentlyAnd translating to generate a current galvanometer translation compensation file.
Traverse A0、A1、A2… …, if the rotation angle of a vibrating mirror is larger than the allowable rotation deviation A, indicating that the current vibrating mirror is rotating to generate a current vibrating mirror angle compensation file;
step 5, if the generated compensation file is not modified in thestep 4, ending the process; and if the compensation file is generated, thegalvanometer control system 2 leads each compensation file in thestep 4 into an image processing module.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the contact type scanner comprises a light-transmitting glass flat plate, wherein two groups of parallel oblique lines fixed at intervals are arranged on outer side lines of the light-transmitting glass flat plate, and the two groups of parallel oblique lines are vertically intersected to form a plurality of uniformly arranged cross points.
The target arrays are equally spaced.
The target arrays are preset at intervals of between 5mm and 10 mm.
The maximum allowable deviation L of the target array ranges from 0.03 mm to 0.08 mm.
The maximum value M range of the allowed translation deviation of the galvanometer is 0.02-0.05 mm.
The maximum allowable rotation deviation value A of the galvanometer is within the range of 0.002-0.005 degrees.
The resolution of the contact scanner is between 600dpi and 2400 dpi.
The method for rapidly calibrating the multi-galvanometer provided by the invention can be used for shooting the target arrays of the multi-galvanometer at one time, then collecting the target array images by using a low-cost contact scanner, processing the collected images by using the image processing module, outputting splicing information between a plurality of single-galvanometer compensation files and the multi-galvanometer, and realizing the calibration of the galvanometers at low cost, high efficiency and high precision. Any mode of arrangement of the galvanometers is applicable, including but not limited to 1 x 2, 2 x 3 and other arrangements of the galvanometers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a module structure of a galvanometer calibration system in a multi-galvanometer fast calibration method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a scanner transparent glass plate in the multi-galvanometer rapid calibration method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a workflow of a multi-galvanometer fast calibration method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a galvanometer target array in a multi-galvanometer fast calibration method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a detailed image of an embodiment of a multi-galvanometer fast calibration method of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, an optical path emitter, 2, a galvanometer control system, 3, a galvanometer correction system, 31, a galvanometer correction plate, 32, a contact scanner and 33, an image processing module.
Detailed Description
The multi-galvanometer calibration method provided by the invention uses a contact scanner to acquire images of target arrays on a calibration plate projected by a plurality of galvanometers, and outputs compensation information of the plurality of galvanometers and splicing information among the galvanometers to calibrate the galvanometers after the acquired target arrays are processed by an image processing module; the galvanometer can be corrected with low cost, high efficiency and high precision without auxiliary measuring equipment.
Fig. 1 shows a module structure of the galvanometer correction system provided by the invention, and the working principle of the module structure is detailed as follows.
Thegalvanometer correction system 3 comprises agalvanometer correction plate 31, a contact scanner 32 and animage processing module 33, wherein thelight path emitter 1 emits light paths, and thegalvanometer control system 2 controls a plurality of galvanometer light paths to emit target arrays to be sintered on thegalvanometer correction plate 31; a contact scanner 32 (with a resolution of 600dpi to 2400 dpi) is used to acquire images of the target array on thegalvanometer calibration plate 31; theimage processing module 33 is configured to process the acquired image and generate a galvanometer compensation file and stitching information.
Thegalvanometer correcting plate 31 is used as a hardware carrier of the galvanometer target array, and is required to be a flat-plate-shaped material which has good flatness and is not easy to deform, and the material has obvious color change after receiving irradiation of a light path controlled by the galvanometer.
The contact scanner 32 is used as an image acquisition module in the system, and a commercially available contact scanner is selected, wherein the scanner is provided with a light-transmitting glass flat plate for placing an object to be scanned; as part of the system of the present invention, the transparent glass plate of the contact scanner 32 needs to be modified to some extent, and two groups of parallel oblique lines fixed at intervals are arranged on the outer side (the side contacting with the object to be scanned) of the transparent glass plate, and the two groups of parallel lines are intersected vertically, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the parallel oblique lines of the patterns on the transparent glass plate of the scanner.
Fig. 3 shows a flowchart of a method for fast calibrating a galvanometer according to the present invention, which is detailed as follows:
step 1: the plurality of galvanometer control optical path emitters 1 of thegalvanometer control system 2 direct the plurality of optical paths onto thegalvanometer correction plate 31. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a target array on a galvanometer calibration plate, with equal spacing of the target arrays of each galvanometer, and with the target arrays of multiple galvanometers intersecting but not coincident; all the galvanometers form a plurality of cross coordinate systems by taking the positions of the targets of the respective light-emitting origins as the origins and the scanning X, Y directions of the respective galvanometers as X and Y axes, and the working range of the multi-galvanometer is the collection of the areas covered by the target arrays in the coordinate systems.
One of the vibrating mirrors is selected as a reference vibrating mirror, and the coordinates of the original points of the other vibrating mirrors in the coordinate system of the reference vibrating mirror are marked as p0、p1、p2… …, the standard coordinate of the target arrays of the galvanometers in the respective cross coordinate systems is marked as m0、m1、m2… …, marking the maximum allowable deviation of the target array as L (generally 0.03-0.08 mm), marking the maximum allowable translational deviation of the galvanometer as M (0.02-0.05mm), and marking the maximum allowable rotational deviation of the galvanometer as A (0.002-0.005 deg);
generally, a galvanometer at the bottom right corner is selected as a reference galvanometer;
step 2: placing thegalvanometer correction plate 31 on a contact scanner 32, and operating the scanner to acquire images by using software; figure 5 shows an image of a case of the invention in which the target array and parallel diagonal lines are clearly visible.
And step 3: theimage processing module 33 acquires the relative coordinate values and the rotation and translation values of the target arrays of the galvanometers by using the image acquired in step S2, and the specific steps are as follows:
1. and identifying the positions of all parallel oblique line cross points in the image, simultaneously selecting any point as an origin, taking the lower right direction as the positive direction of an X axis, taking the upper right direction as the positive direction of a Y axis, forming a parallel oblique line cross point coordinate system by taking the interval length of the parallel oblique lines as a unit, and storing all integral point coordinates and image pixels to a set S.
2. Respectively identifying a target array of each galvanometer in the image, forming a plurality of target array coordinate systems by taking the X, Y direction of scanning the galvanometer as the positive X-axis direction and the positive Y-axis direction and taking the interval of the target arrays as a unit by taking the position of the target of the light-emitting origin of each galvanometer as the origin, and respectively storing all integral point coordinates and image pixels of the galvanometers in the target array coordinate systems to a set S00、S01、S02……。
3. Calculating set S from set S00、S01、S02… … in the grid coordinate system, converting into coordinate values in the cross coordinate system with the central point of each galvanometer as the origin, and storing in the set S0、S1、S2… …, respectively.
4. Calculate the set S0、S1、S2… … and the angle between the positive X-axis direction of the grid coordinate system is denoted as A00、A01、A02… …, the angle relative to the reference galvanometer is denoted A0、A1、A2……。
5. Calculating the coordinate of the origin of each galvanometer in the coordinate system of the reference galvanometer, and combining the coordinate with the coordinate p0、p1、p2… … calculate the coordinate of each galvanometer to be shifted, and is marked as P0、P1、P2……。
And 4, step 4: traverse S0、S1、S2… …, respectively and m0、m1、m2… … calculating deviation value, if the deviation value is larger than the maximum allowable deviation value L, indicating the current mirrorAnd (5) correcting coordinates to generate a current galvanometer coordinate compensation file.
Traverse P0、P1、P2… …, if the component of the offset of a galvanometer in the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction is larger than the maximum value M of the allowed translation deviation, it indicates that the galvanometer needs to be translated currently, and generates a current galvanometer translation compensation file.
Traverse A0、A1、A2… …, if the rotation angle of a vibrating mirror is larger than the allowable rotation deviation A, indicating that the current vibrating mirror is rotating to generate a current vibrating mirror angle compensation file;
step 5, if the generated compensation file is not modified in thestep 4, ending the process; and if the compensation file is generated, thegalvanometer control system 2 leads each compensation file in thestep 4 into an image processing module.
In step S6, thegalvanometer control system 2 is caused to import a newly generated galvanometer compensation file
The above is a method for rapidly calibrating a multi-galvanometer provided by the invention, and an embodiment of the invention in the field of metal additive manufacturing is provided below.
The optical path emitter 1 adopts two lasers, the correctingplate 31 adopts a glass plate pasted with photographic paper, the contact scanner 32 adopts a common flat-plate scanner, the resolution ratio of the common flat-plate scanner is between 600dpi and 2400dpi, parallel oblique lines on a glass part of the scanner are engraved by laser, and the interval is between 5mm and 10 mm; fig. 5 shows that the difference between the actual coordinates of the extracted target array and the measurement result using the high-precision measurement instrument is no greater than 0.05mm for the acquired image of the dual-galvanometer using an embodiment of the present invention.
The advantages of using this calibration method to calibrate multiple galvanometers are as follows:
1) the price is low: expensive auxiliary measuring equipment is not needed to be purchased, only a common scanner is needed to be purchased,
2) the precision is high: compared with high-precision optical imaging instrument, the error is not more than 0.05mm
3) The operation is simple: except for the usual scanner, no other mechanical structure,
4) the operation is quick: the correction is performed for no more than 30 minutes once.