CN110646343A - A device and method for testing the pullout force of an anchor rod specimen with adjustable confining pressure - Google Patents
A device and method for testing the pullout force of an anchor rod specimen with adjustable confining pressureDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Translated fromChineseDescription
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及锚杆抗拉力试验领域，特别是涉及一种围压可调的锚杆试件抗拔力试验装置及方法。The invention relates to the field of tensile strength testing of anchor rods, in particular to a test device and method for tensile strength testing of anchor rod specimens with adjustable confining pressure.
背景技术Background technique
实验室锚杆抗拔力试验作为一种重要的研究锚杆的科研手段，以得到极限抗拔力及界面剪应力分布规律为主要目标。在传统试验过程中，常常只采用千斤顶施加单向围压或采用液体加压装置在两个主应力方向施加大小相同的围压，这样常常不能真实模拟锚杆在实际地层中的工作情况(锚杆周侧的围压绝大多数情况下是不同的)，导致剪切破坏不为锚杆破坏的主要形式，相应获得的数据是不够准确的；另外，现有的装置还存在一个问题是需要手动记录拉力值与锚杆钢筋的位移值，记录不方便并且存在较大的误差。Laboratory bolt pullout force test is an important scientific research method for bolts, and the main goal is to obtain the ultimate pullout force and the distribution law of interfacial shear stress. In the traditional test process, only one-way confining pressure is applied by a jack or a liquid pressurizing device is used to apply the same confining pressure in the two principal stress directions, which often cannot truly simulate the working conditions of the bolt in the actual formation (anchor The confining pressure on the peripheral side of the rod is different in most cases), resulting in shear failure not being the main form of anchor failure, and the corresponding data obtained is not accurate enough; in addition, there is a problem with the existing device that it needs Manually recording the tensile force value and the displacement value of the anchor bar is inconvenient and has large errors.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种围压可调的锚杆试件抗拔力试验装置，结构所占体积小，整体能够对锚杆试件实现侧部不同或相同大小的围压力施加，符合实际地层中的工作情况。In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a test device for the pullout resistance of an anchor rod specimen with adjustable confining pressure. The confining pressure is applied, which is in line with the working conditions in the actual formation.
一种围压可调的锚杆试件抗拔力试验装置的具体方案如下：The specific scheme of a test device for the pullout force of an anchor rod specimen with adjustable confining pressure is as follows:
一种围压可调的锚杆试件抗拔力试验装置，包括：A pull-out force test device for an anchor rod specimen with adjustable confining pressure, comprising:
围压施加机构，包括能够设于锚杆试件周侧的撑板，相邻两撑板之间设置支撑柱，锚杆试件每一侧面的两根支撑柱与该侧面的撑板通过连接件连接，相邻两侧面的连接件相互垂直，连接件能够调整向锚杆试件施加的围压大小，由于锚杆试件每一侧面的连接件相互独立，能够对锚杆试件相邻两侧实现不同或相同大小的围压力；The confining pressure applying mechanism includes a support plate that can be arranged on the peripheral side of the bolt test piece, a support column is arranged between two adjacent support plates, and the two support columns on each side of the bolt test piece are connected with the support plate on the side. The connecting pieces on the adjacent two sides are perpendicular to each other, and the connecting pieces can adjust the confining pressure applied to the bolt specimen. Different or the same size of confining pressure is achieved on both sides;
锚杆试件夹持机构，包括用于支撑围压施加机构及锚杆试件的框体，框体顶部设置拉杆，底部开有开孔以用于锚杆试件的钢筋穿过；The bolt specimen clamping mechanism includes a frame for supporting the confining pressure applying mechanism and the bolt specimen, the top of the frame is provided with a tie rod, and the bottom is provided with openings for the reinforcement of the bolt specimen to pass through;
拉力施加机构，拉力施加机构能够与拉杆、穿过开孔的钢筋分别单独连接。The tensile force application mechanism can be separately connected with the tie rod and the steel bar passing through the opening.
上述的试验装置，锚杆试件包括砂浆块体和钢筋，砂浆块体呈矩形体，钢筋一端锚固于砂浆块体中，且围压施加机构与砂浆块体的周侧面接触，锚杆试件的砂浆块体用于模拟现有情况中锚杆锚固的土体或岩体，钢筋模拟锚杆，围压施加机构通过连接件能够向锚杆试件相邻两侧实现不同或相同大小的围压力，锚杆试件夹持机构支撑锚杆试件，便于拉力施加机构对锚杆钢筋施加拉力，以进行试验。In the above-mentioned test device, the bolt specimen includes a mortar block and a steel bar, the mortar block is a rectangular body, one end of the steel bar is anchored in the mortar block, and the confining pressure applying mechanism is in contact with the peripheral side of the mortar block. The mortar block is used to simulate the soil or rock mass anchored by the bolt in the existing situation, and the steel bar simulates the bolt. Pressure, the anchor rod specimen clamping mechanism supports the anchor rod specimen, so that the tensile force application mechanism can apply tension to the anchor rod steel bar for testing.
进一步地，为了方便围压施加机构的安装，也保证对锚杆试件卡合的稳定性，所述围压施加机构中撑板与支撑柱构成一个中空的矩形体，每一撑板的长度小于锚杆试件相应侧面的宽度，锚杆试件通常为矩形形状，这样支撑柱内侧设有L型凹面以与锚杆试件配合，这样能保证围压施加机构与锚杆试件的紧密贴合。Further, in order to facilitate the installation of the confining pressure applying mechanism and also ensure the stability of the bolt test piece, the support plate and the support column in the confining pressure applying mechanism form a hollow rectangular body, and the length of each support plate is It is smaller than the width of the corresponding side of the bolt specimen. The bolt specimen is usually rectangular in shape, so that the inner side of the support column is provided with an L-shaped concave surface to match the bolt specimen, which can ensure the tightness of the confining pressure applying mechanism and the bolt specimen. fit.
进一步地，所述连接件为丝杆，锚杆试件每一侧面中丝杆依次穿过支撑柱、撑板和另一支撑柱设置，丝杆的两端分别设置螺母，螺母与支撑柱侧面之间设置垫片，通过螺母相对于丝杆位置的调整，实现围压大小的调整。Further, the connecting piece is a screw rod, and the screw rod in each side of the anchor rod test piece is arranged through the support column, the support plate and another support column in turn, and the two ends of the screw rod are respectively provided with nuts, and the nut and the side surface of the support column are arranged. A spacer is set between them, and the confining pressure can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the nut relative to the screw rod.
进一步地，为了避免丝杆的相互干涉，每一所述支撑柱开有4个通孔，其中2个通孔贯通一对立面，另2个通孔贯通另一对立面，且支撑柱相邻两侧面的通孔错位设置，即从上到下，支撑柱的相邻两通孔垂直设置，撑板内侧同样开有2个贯穿孔，以用于丝杆的穿过。Further, in order to avoid the mutual interference of the screw rods, each of the support columns is provided with 4 through holes, of which 2 through holes pass through a pair of vertical surfaces, and the other two through holes pass through another opposite surface, and the support columns are adjacent to both sides. The through holes are arranged in a dislocation, that is, from top to bottom, the two adjacent through holes of the support column are vertically arranged, and there are also two through holes on the inner side of the support plate for the passage of the screw rod.
进一步地，为了对围压施加大小进行确定，所述撑板内侧安装有应力应变片，应力应变片设于相邻两撑板内侧，应力应变片与计算机连接。Further, in order to determine the magnitude of the confining pressure applied, stress strain gauges are installed on the inner side of the support plate, the stress strain gauges are arranged on the inner sides of two adjacent support plates, and the stress strain gauges are connected to the computer.
进一步地，为了方便应力应变片的安装，所述撑板内侧开有用于设置应力应变片的卡槽，卡槽的深度小于应力应变片的厚度。Further, in order to facilitate the installation of the stress strain gauge, the inner side of the support plate is provided with a slot for arranging the stress strain gauge, and the depth of the slot is smaller than the thickness of the stress strain gauge.
进一步地，所述锚杆试件夹持机构的框体为横置的三棱柱框体，框体的一侧开有拉杆孔，所述的拉杆穿过拉杆孔设置，拉杆底端设有限位圆头，限位圆头的尺寸大于拉杆孔的尺寸，锚杆试件夹持机构的宽度与锚杆试件和围压施加机构的宽度相适应。为了适应锚杆试件的尺寸，锚杆试件夹持机构的宽度可调，具体框体的底面和顶部的两侧均设有滑杆，框体的侧部设有滑槽，通过滑杆滑槽的配合，实现框体的尺寸与锚杆试件的尺寸相适配。Further, the frame body of the anchor rod test piece clamping mechanism is a horizontal triangular prism frame body, one side of the frame body is provided with a tie rod hole, the tie rod is arranged through the tie rod hole, and the bottom end of the tie rod is provided with a limiter. Round head, the size of the limit round head is larger than the size of the tie rod hole, and the width of the bolt specimen clamping mechanism is adapted to the width of the bolt specimen and the confining pressure applying mechanism. In order to adapt to the size of the bolt specimen, the width of the clamping mechanism of the bolt specimen is adjustable. There are sliding bars on both sides of the bottom surface and the top of the specific frame body. With the cooperation of the chute, the size of the frame body can be matched with the size of the bolt specimen.
进一步地，为了较好地对围压施加机构和锚杆试件的支撑，所述三棱柱框体的底侧设有底面，所述开孔开于底面的中心。Further, in order to better support the confining pressure applying mechanism and the bolt test piece, the bottom side of the triangular prism frame is provided with a bottom surface, and the opening is opened in the center of the bottom surface.
进一步地，所述拉力施加机构为电液伺服压力机，电液伺服压力机可以自动记录拉力值与位移值，可以自动记录拉力值与锚杆钢筋位移值，减少了手动测量的误差。电液伺服压力机具有上部夹具和下部夹具，上部夹具用于与拉杆连接，下部夹具用于与锚杆试件的钢筋连接，电液伺服压力机通过上部夹具向锚杆试件夹持机构提供拉力，通过下部夹具向钢筋施加拉力，从而将拉力传递到锚杆试件。Further, the tensile force applying mechanism is an electro-hydraulic servo press, and the electro-hydraulic servo press can automatically record the tensile force value and the displacement value, and can automatically record the tensile force value and the displacement value of the anchor rod steel bar, which reduces the error of manual measurement. The electro-hydraulic servo press has an upper clamp and a lower clamp. The upper clamp is used to connect with the tie rod, and the lower clamp is used to connect with the steel bar of the bolt specimen. The electro-hydraulic servo press provides the bolt specimen clamping mechanism through the upper clamp. The tensile force is applied to the steel bar through the lower clamp, thereby transmitting the tensile force to the bolt specimen.
一种围压可调的锚杆试件抗拔力试验装置的使用方法，包括如下内容：A method of using a test device for the pull-out force of an anchor rod specimen with adjustable confining pressure, comprising the following contents:
对带有钢筋的锚杆试件的每一侧设置撑板，相邻撑板之间设置支撑柱，对锚杆试件的每一侧连接件依次穿过支撑柱、撑板和支撑柱，实现围压施加机构包裹锚杆试件；A brace plate is set on each side of the bolt specimen with steel bars, a support column is arranged between adjacent brace plates, and the connecting piece on each side of the anchor bolt specimen passes through the support column, the brace plate and the support column in sequence, Realize that the confining pressure applying mechanism wraps the bolt specimen;
通过连接件调整围压施加机构作用于锚杆试件的围压，且根据试验要求对锚杆试件的不同侧面施加相同或不同大小的围压力；Adjust the confining pressure applied to the bolt specimen by the confining pressure applying mechanism through the connector, and apply the same or different confining pressures to different sides of the bolt specimen according to the test requirements;
锚杆试件的钢筋穿过锚杆试件夹持机构设置，将围压施加机构及锚杆试件通过锚杆试件夹持机构进行支撑；The reinforcing bars of the bolt specimen are set through the bolt specimen clamping mechanism, and the confining pressure applying mechanism and the bolt specimen are supported by the bolt specimen clamping mechanism;
锚杆试件夹持机构的顶部拉杆、锚杆试件的钢筋均与拉力施加机构连接；The top tie rod of the bolt specimen clamping mechanism and the reinforcement bars of the bolt specimen are connected with the tension applying mechanism;
拉力施加机构向拉杆和钢筋以逐级荷载的方式施加拉力，直至锚杆试件发生破坏，通过拉力施加机构获得试验过程中的最大拉力值作为极限抗拔力。The tension application mechanism applies tension to the tie rods and steel bars in a step-by-step manner until the bolt specimen fails, and the maximum tension value during the test is obtained through the tension application mechanism as the ultimate pullout resistance.
通过上述的使用方法，可调整围压的大小，从而获得不同围压大小下，锚杆试件抗拔力的大小。Through the above-mentioned use method, the size of the confining pressure can be adjusted, so as to obtain the pullout resistance of the bolt specimen under different confining pressures.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1)本发明通过围压施加机构的设置，能够通过连接件能够向锚杆试件相邻两侧实现不同或相同大小的围压力，有利于模拟锚杆在实际应用中的真实环境情况，更加符合实际工况。1) In the present invention, through the setting of the confining pressure applying mechanism, the confining pressure of different or the same size can be achieved on the adjacent two sides of the bolt specimen through the connecting piece, which is conducive to simulating the real environmental conditions of the bolt in practical application, and more conform to actual conditions.
2)本发明通过锚杆试件夹持机构的设置，不仅能方便对围压施加机构和锚杆试件的支撑，而且便于钢筋的穿过，也方便拉力施加机构对钢筋施加拉力，以便进行试验。2) The present invention not only facilitates the support of the confining pressure applying mechanism and the bolt specimen, but also facilitates the passing of the steel bar, and also facilitates the tension applying mechanism to apply tension to the steel bar, so as to facilitate the test.
3)本发明通过电液伺服压力机的使用，可以方便快捷的测量到拉力施加过程中拉力值与位移值的关系，弥补了传统手动机械式测量方法误差过大的问题。3) The present invention can conveniently and quickly measure the relationship between the tension value and the displacement value during the tension application process through the use of the electro-hydraulic servo press, which makes up for the problem of excessive error in the traditional manual mechanical measurement method.
4)本发明通过三棱柱框体的设置，不仅便于钢筋的穿过，而且便于拉杆的设置，而且便于观测到拉拔过程中锚杆试件破坏的过程。4) The present invention not only facilitates the passing of the steel bar, but also facilitates the setting of the tie rod through the arrangement of the triangular prism frame, and facilitates the observation of the failure process of the bolt specimen during the drawing process.
5)本发明整体装置结构设置简单，所占用空间小，且易于操作，可用于实验室锚杆试件增加围压，并进行相关抗拔力试验。5) The overall device structure of the present invention is simple in structure, small in occupied space, and easy to operate, and can be used to increase the confining pressure of rock bolt specimens in the laboratory, and to perform relevant pullout force tests.
附图说明Description of drawings
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。The accompanying drawings forming a part of the present invention are used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention.
图1为本发明实施例中一种围压可调的锚杆试件抗拔力试验装置的主视图；1 is a front view of a test device for the pullout resistance of an anchor rod specimen with adjustable confining pressure in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例中围压施加机构设于锚杆试件周侧的示意图；FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a confining pressure applying mechanism arranged on the peripheral side of the bolt test piece in the embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例中锚杆试件夹持机构的示意图；Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the anchor rod specimen clamping mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention;
图中：1是围压施加机构，2是锚杆试件夹持机构，3是电液伺服压力机，4是上部夹具，5是下部夹具，6是计算机，7是锚杆试件，8是支撑柱，9是撑板，10是丝杆螺母，11是应力应变片，12是丝杆，13是应变片数据传输线，14是钢筋，15是拉杆，16是开孔。In the figure: 1 is the confining pressure applying mechanism, 2 is the bolt specimen clamping mechanism, 3 is the electro-hydraulic servo press, 4 is the upper clamp, 5 is the lower clamp, 6 is the computer, 7 is the bolt specimen, 8 is the support column, 9 is the support plate, 10 is the screw nut, 11 is the stress strain gauge, 12 is the screw rod, 13 is the data transmission line of the strain gauge, 14 is the steel bar, 15 is the pull rod, and 16 is the opening.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural as well, furthermore, it is to be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates that There are features, steps, operations, devices, components and/or combinations thereof.
正如背景技术所介绍的，现有技术中存在的不足，为了解决如上的技术问题，本发明提出了一种围压可调的锚杆试件抗拔力试验装置，下面结合说明书附图，对本发明做进一步的阐述。As described in the background art, there are deficiencies in the prior art. In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a test device for the pull-out force of an anchor rod specimen with adjustable confining pressure. The invention is further elaborated.
本发明的一种典型的实施方式中，如图1所示，一种围压可调的锚杆试件抗拔力试验装置，包括围压施加机构1、锚杆试件夹持机构2和拉力施加机构，拉力施加机构包括电液伺服压力机3、设于锚杆试件夹持机构上方的上部夹具4和设于锚杆试件夹持机构下方的下部夹具5。In a typical embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 , a device for testing the pullout force of an anchor rod specimen with adjustable confining pressure includes a confining pressure applying mechanism 1 , an anchor rod
围压施加机构1包括四根支撑柱8与四块撑板9，撑板9为钢板，支撑柱8为钢柱，支撑柱8和撑板9二者要求刚性较大，不易产生变形。撑板9能够设于锚杆试件7的四个侧面，四根支撑柱8设于相邻两撑板9之间，撑板9开有两个互相平行且都平行于撑板9长边的贯穿孔，每根支撑柱8开有四个通孔，其中两个孔在一侧面，另两个孔在另一侧面，支撑柱8两侧面的孔错位设置，以保证支撑柱8可通过丝杆12连接两块撑板9。The confining pressure applying mechanism 1 includes four
此外，如图2所示，每一撑板9的长度小于锚杆试件7相应侧面的宽度，锚杆试件包括砂浆块体和钢筋，钢筋一端锚固于砂浆块体中，砂浆块体为矩形体，这样支撑柱8内侧设有L型凹面以与锚杆试件配合，这样能保证围压施加机构与锚杆试件中的砂浆块体紧密贴合。In addition, as shown in Figure 2, the length of each support plate 9 is smaller than the width of the corresponding side of the bolt specimen 7. The bolt specimen includes a mortar block and a steel bar, one end of the steel bar is anchored in the mortar block, and the mortar block is A rectangular body, so that the inner side of the
同时，围压施加机构1内部在撑板内侧设置围压测量部件，围压测量部件为应力应变片11，应力应变片17置于撑板9与锚杆试件7之间，通过调节丝杆螺母10给锚杆试件7以及应力应变片11提供压力，通过数据处理得到锚杆试件7的围压大小，应力应变片11通过数据线13与计算机6连接。At the same time, the confining pressure applying mechanism 1 is provided with a confining pressure measuring component on the inner side of the support plate. The confining pressure measuring component is a
锚杆试件夹持机构2为中空的横置三棱柱框体，如图3所示，三棱柱框体的一侧边在上，该侧边开有拉杆孔，拉杆底端设有限位圆头，限位圆头的尺寸大于拉杆孔的尺寸，拉杆15穿过拉杆孔设置，拉杆15用于与拉力施加机构的上部夹具4连接，三棱柱框体的底侧设有底面，开孔16开于底面的中心，使锚杆试件钢筋14通过开孔16伸出以配合拉力施加机构下部夹具5。同时，锚杆试件夹持机构2需要有足够空间容纳锚杆试件7与围压施加机构1。The anchor rod
为了适应锚杆试件的不同尺寸，锚杆试件夹持机构的宽度可调，具体三棱柱框体的底面和顶部的两侧均设有滑杆，框体的侧部设有与滑杆配合的滑槽，通过滑杆滑槽的配合，实现框体框体的宽度与锚杆试件的尺寸相适配。In order to adapt to the different sizes of the bolt specimens, the width of the clamping mechanism for the bolt specimens is adjustable. The bottom and top sides of the triangular prism frame are provided with sliding bars, and the sides of the frame are provided with sliding bars. The matching chute, through the cooperation of the sliding rod chute, realizes that the width of the frame body is matched with the size of the anchor rod test piece.
其中，锚杆试件砂浆块体用于模拟现有情况中锚杆锚固的土体或岩体，钢筋模拟锚杆，现场浇筑养护至规定时间后形成。Among them, the mortar block of the bolt specimen is used to simulate the soil or rock mass anchored by the bolt in the existing situation, and the steel bar simulates the bolt, which is formed after in-situ pouring and curing for a specified time.
拉力施加机构为电液伺服压力机3，电液伺服压力机3设有上部夹具4和下部夹具5，上部夹具连接锚杆试件夹持机构2的上部拉杆15，下部夹具5与锚杆试件钢筋14连接，上部夹具4和下部夹具5上下设置，且这两个夹具为电液伺服压力机3的部件，电液伺服压力机3为现有技术。The tension applying mechanism is an electro-
一种围压可调的锚杆试件抗拔力试验装置的使用方法，包括以下步骤：A method for using an anchor rod test piece pullout force test device with adjustable confining pressure, comprising the following steps:
步骤一：将支撑柱8与撑板9通过丝杆12连接，使得围压施加机构包裹锚杆试件7，围压施加机构的撑板与砂浆块体外侧面接触；Step 1: connect the
步骤二：将应力应变片11置于锚杆试件7与撑板9之间，通过调整丝杆螺母10来调节需要施加的围压，并通过应力应变片11向计算机6传递所施加围压的大小；Step 2: Place the
步骤三：将锚杆试件钢筋14一端穿过锚杆夹持机构下部钢筋孔16。Step 3: Pass one end of the reinforcing
步骤四：将锚杆试件夹持机构2上部拉杆15连接拉力施加机构上部夹具4，锚杆钢筋一端连接拉力施加机构下部夹具5，开启电液伺服压力机3进行抗拔力试验；Step 4: Connect the
步骤五：电液伺服压力机3向拉杆15和钢筋14以逐级荷载的方式施加拉力，直至锚杆试件发生破坏，通过拉力施加机构获得试验过程中的最大拉力值作为极限抗拔力；锚杆试件的破坏形式包括砂浆试块的破裂或钢筋位移超过规定值，这样电液伺服压力机3，获得锚杆试件所受拉力以及钢筋位移大小，并生成拉力与位移对应的图表，并且在锚杆试件破坏时获得最大拉力值，从而用于指导工程实践。Step 5: The electro-
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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