CN110601887B - Out-of-band management method, server, computer storage medium and terminal - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本文涉及但不限于互联网技术，尤指一种带外管理的方法、服务器、计算机存储介质及终端。This article involves but is not limited to Internet technology, especially an out-of-band management method, server, computer storage medium and terminal.
背景技术Background technique
网络管理可分为带外管理(out-of-band)和带内管理(in-band)两种管理模式。当企业网络建成后，网络上会传输各种企业的网管数据，当企业网络出现问题时，通过带外管理或带内管理网络进行排除故障。Network management can be divided into two management modes: out-of-band and in-band. After the enterprise network is built, various enterprise network management data will be transmitted on the network. When a problem occurs on the enterprise network, the out-of-band management or in-band management network is used to troubleshoot the problem.
带内管理将网管数据和业务数据通过相同的网管通道传输，当管理数据(包括简单网络管理协议(SNMP)、网络流量(Netflow)、远程拨号认证服务(Radius)及计费信息等)较多时，会影响整个网络的性能，因此，只有在管理数据的流量较少时，才可以采用带内管理。带外管理将网管数据与业务数据分开，通过专门设置的网管通道进行网络管理，在这个网管通道只传输管理数据，因此，带外管理可以提高网络管理的效率与可靠性，也有利于提高网管数据的安全性。基板管理控制器(BMC，Baseboard management controller)是用于带外管理的应用，在用户输入用户名和密码后执行带外管理。In-band management transmits network management data and service data through the same network management channel. When there are many management data (including Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), network traffic (Netflow), remote dial-up authentication service (Radius) and billing information, etc.) , will affect the performance of the entire network, so in-band management can only be used when the traffic of management data is low. Out-of-band management separates network management data from service data, and conducts network management through a specially set network management channel. Only management data is transmitted in this network management channel. Therefore, out-of-band management can improve the efficiency and reliability of network management, and is also conducive to improving network management. Data security. A baseboard management controller (BMC, Baseboard management controller) is an application for out-of-band management, and performs out-of-band management after a user inputs a user name and password.
综上，当前带外管理存在操作繁冗的问题。To sum up, the current out-of-band management has the problem of complicated operations.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。The following is an overview of the topics detailed in this article. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the claims.
本发明实施例提供一种带外管理的方法、服务器、计算机存储介质及终端，能够简化了带外管理的操作。Embodiments of the present invention provide an out-of-band management method, a server, a computer storage medium and a terminal, which can simplify out-of-band management operations.
本发明实施例提供了一种带外管理的方法，包括：An embodiment of the present invention provides an out-of-band management method, including:
通过MAAS服务器为连接且配置为网络引导的物理主机分配用于免密登录的登录信息；Assign login information for password-free login to physical hosts connected and configured for network boot through the MAAS server;
MAAS服务器重启分配登录信息的物理主机，并根据物理主机的硬件信息初始化物理主机，以进行物理主机的带外管理；The MAAS server restarts the physical host to which the login information is allocated, and initializes the physical host according to the hardware information of the physical host to perform out-of-band management of the physical host;
其中，所述物理主机包括：传输管理数据的主机；所述MAAS服务器包括：基于预设的桌面操作系统配置的服务器；所述配置为网络引导的物理主机包括：所述MAAS服务器根据获取的物理主机的电源类型和智能平台管理接口IPMI的媒体访问控制地址MAC，为所述物理主机分配用户名和随机密码，使所述物理主机具备免密登陆功能。Wherein, the physical host includes: a host that transmits management data; the MAAS server includes: a server configured based on a preset desktop operating system; the physical host configured for network boot includes: the MAAS server The power supply type of the host and the media access control address MAC of the intelligent platform management interface IPMI, assign a user name and a random password to the physical host, so that the physical host has the function of password-free login.
在一种示例性实施例中，所述预设的桌面操作系统包括：乌班图Ubuntu桌面操作系统。In an exemplary embodiment, the preset desktop operating system includes: Ubuntu desktop operating system.
在一种示例性实施例中，所述根据物理主机的硬件信息初始化物理主机之前，所述方法还包括：In an exemplary embodiment, before the physical host is initialized according to the hardware information of the physical host, the method further includes:
所述MAAS服务器获取所述物理主机的所述硬件信息；The MAAS server obtains the hardware information of the physical host;
其中，所述硬件信息包括以下一种或任意组合的信息：中央处理器CPU、内存、硬盘、板卡、智能平台管理接口IPMI接口、媒体访问控制地址MAC。Wherein, the hardware information includes one or any combination of the following information: central processing unit CPU, memory, hard disk, board card, intelligent platform management interface IPMI interface, and media access control address MAC.
在一种示例性实施例中，所述初始化物理主机包括：In an exemplary embodiment, the initializing the physical host includes:
根据所述硬件信息对所述物理主机进行系统的初始化设置；Perform system initialization settings on the physical host according to the hardware information;
其中，所述系统包括以下任意之一：WINDOW、LINUX。Wherein, the system includes any one of the following: WINDOW, LINUX.
另一方面，本发明实施例还提供一种带外管理的服务器，包括：连接单元及初始化单元；其中，On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an out-of-band management server, including: a connection unit and an initialization unit; wherein,
连接单元用于：为连接且配置为网络引导的物理主机分配用于免密登录的登录信息；The connection unit is used for: assigning login information for password-free login to the physical host connected and configured for network boot;
初始化单元用于：重启分配登录信息的物理主机，并根据物理主机的硬件信息初始化物理主机，以进行物理主机的带外管理；The initialization unit is used for: restarting the physical host to which the login information is allocated, and initializing the physical host according to the hardware information of the physical host, so as to perform out-of-band management of the physical host;
其中，所述物理主机包括：传输管理数据的主机；所述服务器包括：基于预设的桌面操作系统配置的裸机即服务MASS服务器；所述配置为网络引导的物理主机包括：所述MAAS服务器根据获取的物理主机的电源类型和智能平台管理接口IPMI的媒体访问控制地址MAC，为所述物理主机分配用户名和随机密码，使所述物理主机具备免密登陆功能。Wherein, the physical host includes: a host that transmits management data; the server includes: a bare metal-as-a-service MASS server configured based on a preset desktop operating system; the physical host configured for network booting includes: the MAAS server according to The power type of the physical host and the media access control address MAC of the intelligent platform management interface IPMI are obtained, and a user name and random password are allocated to the physical host, so that the physical host has a password-free login function.
在一种示例性实施例中，所述预设的桌面操作系统包括：乌班图Ubuntu桌面操作系统。In an exemplary embodiment, the preset desktop operating system includes: Ubuntu desktop operating system.
在一种示例性实施例中，所述服务器还包括获取单元，用于：In an exemplary embodiment, the server further includes an obtaining unit for:
获取所述物理主机的所述硬件信息；obtain the hardware information of the physical host;
其中，所述硬件信息包括以下一种或任意组合的信息：中央处理器CPU、内存、硬盘、板卡、智能平台管理接口IPMI接口、媒体访问控制地址MAC。Wherein, the hardware information includes one or any combination of the following information: central processing unit CPU, memory, hard disk, board card, intelligent platform management interface IPMI interface, and media access control address MAC.
在一种示例性实施例中，所述初始化单元具体用于：In an exemplary embodiment, the initialization unit is specifically used for:
重启分配登录信息的物理主机，根据所述硬件信息对所述物理主机进行系统的初始化设置；Restarting the physical host that allocates login information, and performing system initialization settings on the physical host according to the hardware information;
其中，所述系统包括以下任意之一：WINDOW、LINUX。Wherein, the system includes any one of the following: WINDOW, LINUX.
再一方面，本发明实施例还提供一种计算机存储介质，所述计算机存储介质中存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令用于执行上述带外管理的方法。In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer storage medium, where computer-executable instructions are stored in the computer storage medium, and the computer-executable instructions are used to execute the above method for out-of-band management.
还一方面，本发明实施例还提供一种终端，包括：存储器和处理器；其中，In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a terminal, including: a memory and a processor; wherein,
处理器被配置为执行存储器中的程序指令；the processor is configured to execute program instructions in the memory;
程序指令在处理器读取执行上述带外管理的方法。The program instructions are read by the processor to perform the above-described method of out-of-band management.
与相关技术相比，本申请技术方案包括：通过裸机即服务(MAAS)服务器为连接且配置为网络引导的物理主机分配用于免密登录的登录信息；MAAS服务器重启分配登录信息的物理主机，并根据物理主机的硬件信息初始化物理主机，以进行物理主机的带外管理；其中，所述物理主机包括：传输管理数据的主机；所述MAAS服务器包括：基于预设的桌面操作系统配置的服务器。本发明实施例实现了物理主机的免密登录，提升了物理主机的登录效率；降低了带外管理对带宽资源的占用；此外，MAAS服务器还可以充当PXE和DHCP服务器，降低了带外管理的配置成本。Compared with the related art, the technical solution of the present application includes: using a bare metal as a service (MAAS) server to allocate login information for password-free login to a physical host that is connected and configured for network boot; the MAAS server restarts the physical host that assigns the login information, and initialize the physical host according to the hardware information of the physical host to perform out-of-band management of the physical host; wherein, the physical host includes: a host that transmits management data; the MAAS server includes: a server configured based on a preset desktop operating system . The embodiment of the present invention realizes the password-free login of the physical host, improves the login efficiency of the physical host; reduces the occupation of bandwidth resources by out-of-band management; in addition, the MAAS server can also act as a PXE and DHCP server, reducing the out-of-band management. Configuration cost.
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图用来提供对本发明技术方案的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本申请的实施例一起用于解释本发明的技术方案，并不构成对本发明技术方案的限制。The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the technical solutions of the present invention together with the embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the technical solutions of the present invention.
图1为本发明实施例带外管理的方法的流程图；1 is a flowchart of a method for out-of-band management according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例带外管理的服务器的结构框图；2 is a structural block diagram of a server for out-of-band management according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明应用示例的方法流程图；Fig. 3 is the method flow chart of the application example of the present invention;
图4为本发明应用示例的网络连接示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of network connection of an application example of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下文中将结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments may be arbitrarily combined with each other if there is no conflict.
在附图的流程图示出的步骤可以在诸如一组计算机可执行指令的计算机系统中执行。并且，虽然在流程图中示出了逻辑顺序，但是在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤。The steps shown in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system, such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Also, although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different from that herein.
图1为本发明实施例带外管理的方法的流程图，如图1所示，包括：FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for out-of-band management according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 , including:
步骤101、通过MAAS服务器为连接且配置为网络引导的物理主机分配用于免密登录的登录信息；Step 101: Allocate login information for password-free login for the physical host connected and configured for network boot through the MAAS server;
其中，所述物理主机包括：传输管理数据的主机；所述MAAS服务器包括：基于预设的桌面操作系统配置的服务器。本发明实施例通过Ubuntu桌面操作系统配置MAAS服务器，为用户进行带外管理提供了交互界面，为后续免密登陆提供技术支持。Wherein, the physical host includes: a host that transmits management data; the MAAS server includes: a server configured based on a preset desktop operating system. The embodiment of the present invention configures the MAAS server through the Ubuntu desktop operating system, provides an interactive interface for users to perform out-of-band management, and provides technical support for subsequent password-free login.
本发明实施例配置为网络引导的物理主机，参照相关技术，MAAS服务器可以获取物理主机的电源类型和智能平台管理接口(IPMI)的媒体访问控制地址(MAC)等，根据获取的电源类型及IPMI的MAC为物理主机分配用户名和随机密码，为后续免密登陆和远程开关机提供信息支持。The embodiment of the present invention is configured as a network-guided physical host. With reference to related technologies, the MAAS server can obtain the power supply type of the physical host and the media access control address (MAC) of the Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI), etc. According to the obtained power supply type and IPMI The MAC assigns a user name and random password to the physical host, and provides information support for subsequent password-free login and remote power on/off.
在一种示例性实施例中，所述预设的桌面操作系统包括：乌班图Ubuntu桌面操作系统。In an exemplary embodiment, the preset desktop operating system includes: Ubuntu desktop operating system.
本发明实施例，由于MAAS服务器中集成了动态主机设置协议(DHCP)和预启动执行环境(PXE)功能，因此，本发明实施例配置的MAAS服务器可以同时作为DHCP和PXE服务器；In the embodiment of the present invention, since the dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) and the pre-boot execution environment (PXE) functions are integrated in the MAAS server, the MAAS server configured in the embodiment of the present invention can serve as a DHCP server and a PXE server at the same time;
步骤102、MAAS服务器重启分配登录信息的物理主机，并根据物理主机的硬件信息初始化物理主机，以进行物理主机的带外管理。Step 102: The MAAS server restarts the physical host to which the login information is allocated, and initializes the physical host according to the hardware information of the physical host, so as to perform out-of-band management of the physical host.
在一种示例性实施例中，所述根据物理主机的硬件信息初始化物理主机之前，本发明实施例方法还包括：In an exemplary embodiment, before the physical host is initialized according to the hardware information of the physical host, the method according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes:
所述MAAS服务器获取所述物理主机的所述硬件信息；The MAAS server obtains the hardware information of the physical host;
其中，所述硬件信息包括以下一种或任意组合的信息：中央处理器(CPU)、内存、硬盘、板卡、智能平台管理接口IPMI接口、媒体访问控制地址MAC。Wherein, the hardware information includes one or any combination of the following information: central processing unit (CPU), memory, hard disk, board card, intelligent platform management interface IPMI interface, and media access control address MAC.
需要说明的是，本发明实施例通过Ubuntu桌面操作系统配置MAAS服务器，为用户进行带外管理提供了交互界面，为后续免密登陆提供技术支持。It should be noted that the embodiment of the present invention configures the MAAS server through the Ubuntu desktop operating system, provides an interactive interface for the user to perform out-of-band management, and provides technical support for subsequent password-free login.
在一种示例性实施例中，所述初始化物理主机包括：In an exemplary embodiment, the initializing the physical host includes:
根据所述硬件信息对所述物理主机进行系统的初始化设置；Perform system initialization settings on the physical host according to the hardware information;
其中，所述系统包括以下任意之一：WINDOW、LINUX。其中，WINDOW及LINUX为本领域技术公知的操作系统；LINUX可以包括：乌班图(Ubuntu)、红帽等。Wherein, the system includes any one of the following: WINDOW, LINUX. Wherein, WINDOW and LINUX are operating systems known in the art; LINUX may include: Ubuntu, Red Hat, and the like.
与相关技术相比，本申请技术方案包括：通过裸机即服务(MAAS)服务器为连接且配置为网络引导的物理主机分配用于免密登录的登录信息；MAAS服务器重启分配登录信息的物理主机，并根据物理主机的硬件信息初始化物理主机，以进行物理主机的带外管理；其中，所述物理主机包括：传输管理数据的主机；所述MAAS服务器包括：基于预设的桌面操作系统配置的服务器。本发明实施例实现了物理主机的免密登录，提升了物理主机的登录效率；降低了带外管理对带宽资源的占用；此外，MAAS服务器还可以充当PXE和DHCP服务器，降低了带外管理的配置成本。Compared with the related art, the technical solution of the present application includes: using a bare metal as a service (MAAS) server to allocate login information for password-free login to a physical host that is connected and configured for network boot; the MAAS server restarts the physical host that assigns the login information, and initialize the physical host according to the hardware information of the physical host to perform out-of-band management of the physical host; wherein, the physical host includes: a host that transmits management data; the MAAS server includes: a server configured based on a preset desktop operating system . The embodiment of the present invention realizes the password-free login of the physical host, improves the login efficiency of the physical host; reduces the occupation of bandwidth resources by out-of-band management; in addition, the MAAS server can also act as a PXE and DHCP server, reducing the out-of-band management. Configuration cost.
图2为本发明实施例带外管理的服务器的结构框图，如图2所示，包括：连接单元及初始化单元；其中，FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a server for out-of-band management according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, it includes: a connection unit and an initialization unit; wherein,
连接单元用于：为连接且配置为网络引导的物理主机分配用于免密登录的登录信息；The connection unit is used for: assigning login information for password-free login to the physical host connected and configured for network boot;
其中，所述物理主机包括：传输管理数据的主机；所述服务器包括：基于预设的桌面操作系统配置的裸机即服务MASS服务器。Wherein, the physical host includes: a host that transmits management data; and the server includes: a bare metal-as-a-service MASS server configured based on a preset desktop operating system.
在一种示例性实施例中，所述预设的桌面操作系统包括：乌班图Ubuntu桌面操作系统。In an exemplary embodiment, the preset desktop operating system includes: Ubuntu desktop operating system.
初始化单元用于：重启分配登录信息的物理主机，并根据物理主机的硬件信息初始化物理主机，以进行物理主机的带外管理；The initialization unit is used for: restarting the physical host to which the login information is allocated, and initializing the physical host according to the hardware information of the physical host, so as to perform out-of-band management of the physical host;
在一种示例性实施例中，所述服务器还包括获取单元，用于：In an exemplary embodiment, the server further includes an obtaining unit for:
获取所述物理主机的所述硬件信息；obtain the hardware information of the physical host;
其中，所述硬件信息包括以下一种或任意组合的信息：中央处理器CPU、内存、硬盘、板卡、智能平台管理接口IPMI接口、媒体访问控制地址MAC。Wherein, the hardware information includes one or any combination of the following information: central processing unit CPU, memory, hard disk, board card, intelligent platform management interface IPMI interface, and media access control address MAC.
需要说明的是，本发明实施例通过Ubuntu桌面操作系统配置MAAS服务器，为用户进行带外管理提供了交互界面，为后续免密登陆提供技术支持。It should be noted that the embodiment of the present invention configures the MAAS server through the Ubuntu desktop operating system, provides an interactive interface for the user to perform out-of-band management, and provides technical support for subsequent password-free login.
在一种示例性实施例中，所述初始化单元具体用于：In an exemplary embodiment, the initialization unit is specifically used for:
重启分配登录信息的物理主机，根据所述硬件信息对所述物理主机进行系统的初始化设置；Restarting the physical host that allocates login information, and performing system initialization settings on the physical host according to the hardware information;
其中，所述系统包括以下任意之一：WINDOW、LINUX。Wherein, the system includes any one of the following: WINDOW, LINUX.
本发明实施例实现了物理主机的免密登录，提升了物理主机的登录效率；降低了带外管理对带宽资源的占用；此外，MAAS服务器还可以充当PXE和DHCP服务器，降低了带外管理的配置成本。The embodiment of the present invention realizes the password-free login of the physical host, improves the login efficiency of the physical host; reduces the occupation of bandwidth resources by out-of-band management; in addition, the MAAS server can also act as a PXE and DHCP server, reducing the out-of-band management. Configuration cost.
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机存储介质，所述计算机存储介质中存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令用于执行上述带外管理的方法。An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer storage medium, where computer-executable instructions are stored in the computer storage medium, and the computer-executable instructions are used to execute the above method for out-of-band management.
本发明实施例还提供一种终端，包括：存储器和处理器；其中，An embodiment of the present invention further provides a terminal, including: a memory and a processor; wherein,
处理器被配置为执行存储器中的程序指令；the processor is configured to execute program instructions in the memory;
程序指令在处理器读取执行上述带外管理的方法。The program instructions are read by the processor to perform the above-described method of out-of-band management.
以下通过应用示例对本发明实施例方法进行清楚详细的说明，应用示例仅用于陈述本发明，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围。The method of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and in detail below through application examples. The application examples are only used to describe the present invention, and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
应用示例Application example
图3为本发明应用示例的方法流程图，如图3所示，包括：Fig. 3 is the method flow chart of the application example of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 3, including:
步骤301、搭建并配置MAAS服务器；具体包括：在预设的物理机上安装Ubuntu桌面操作系统并配置为MAAS服务器；本应用示例由于MAAS包中集成了DHCP和PXE功能，此服务器同时作为DHCP和PXE服务器；
步骤302、配置传输管理数据的物理主机为网络引导；
步骤303、将MAAS服务器的网络接口通过交换机连接物理主机的网络接口及IPMI(BMC)接口，物理主机登录MAAS服务器；
步骤304、MAAS服务器获取连接的物理机的电源类型、IPMI的媒体访问控制地址MAC，为物理主机分配用户名和随机密码。Step 304: The MAAS server obtains the power supply type of the connected physical machine, the media access control address MAC of the IPMI, and assigns a user name and a random password to the physical host.
步骤305、MAAS服务器通过PXE引导开启物理主机，获取物理主机的硬件信息；
步骤306、MAAS服务器根据获取的硬件信息为物理主机进行系统初始化设置。Step 306: The MAAS server performs system initialization settings for the physical host according to the acquired hardware information.
图4为本发明应用示例的网络连接示意图，如图4所示，MAAS服务器通过交换机与物理主机建立连接(交换机和物理主机通过包括网卡(NIC)和BMC在内的元件连接)。在对物理主机进行初始化设置后，进行带外管理。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of network connection of an application example of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4 , the MAAS server establishes a connection with a physical host through a switch (the switch and the physical host are connected through elements including a network card (NIC) and a BMC). After initializing the physical host, perform out-of-band management.
本应用示例实现了物理主机的免密登录，提升了物理主机的登录效率；降低了带外管理对带宽资源的占用；此外，MAAS服务器还可以充当PXE和DHCP服务器，降低了带外管理的配置成本。This application example realizes the password-free login of physical hosts, which improves the login efficiency of physical hosts; reduces the occupation of bandwidth resources for out-of-band management; in addition, the MAAS server can also act as a PXE and DHCP server, reducing the configuration of out-of-band management. cost.
“本领域普通技术人员可以理解，上文中所公开方法中的全部或某些步骤、系统、服务器、装置中的功能模块/单元可以被实施为软件、固件、硬件及其适当的组合。在硬件实施方式中，在以上描述中提及的功能模块/单元之间的划分不一定对应于物理组件的划分；例如，一个物理组件可以具有多个功能，或者一个功能或步骤可以由若干物理组件合作执行。某些组件或所有组件可以被实施为由处理器，如数字信号处理器或微处理器执行的软件，或者被实施为硬件，或者被实施为集成电路，如专用集成电路。这样的软件可以分布在计算机可读介质上，计算机可读介质可以包括计算机存储介质(或非暂时性介质)和通信介质(或暂时性介质)。如本领域普通技术人员公知的，术语计算机存储介质包括在用于存储信息(诸如计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其他数据)的任何方法或技术中实施的易失性和非易失性、可移除和不可移除介质。计算机存储介质包括但不限于RAM、ROM、EEPROM、闪存或其他存储器技术、CD-ROM、数字多功能盘(DVD)或其他光盘存储、磁盒、磁带、磁盘存储或其他磁存储装置、或者可以用于存储期望的信息并且可以被计算机访问的任何其他的介质。此外，本领域普通技术人员公知的是，通信介质通常包含计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或者诸如载波或其他传输机制之类的调制数据信号中的其他数据，并且可包括任何信息递送介质。”"A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or some steps in the methods disclosed above, functional modules/units in systems, servers, and devices can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and appropriate combinations thereof. In hardware In an embodiment, the division between functional modules/units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, one physical component may have multiple functions, or one function or step may be cooperated by several physical components Implementation. Some or all components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a digital signal processor or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software Can be distributed on computer readable media, which can include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). As known to those of ordinary skill in the art, the term computer storage media includes Volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes but not limited to RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cartridges, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or may be used to store desired information and any other medium that can be accessed by a computer. In addition, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, communication media typically contain computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or modulated data such as carrier waves or other transport mechanisms other data in the signal, and may include any information delivery medium."
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