feed additive, nursery pig feed and preparation method thereofTechnical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a feed additive, a nursery pig feed and a preparation method thereof.
background
Nursery pigs are also known as early weaned piglets. Since the early weaning technology of piglets is applied to the domestic world, the problem of diarrhea of nursery pigs always troubles large-scale pig farms. The diarrhea of the nursery pig is mainly caused by weaning stress, and in the stage, the digestive system and the immune system of the nursery pig belong to the development stage, and all functions are not complete. During weaning, the daily ration of the piglets is changed from breast milk to feed (such as corn-soybean meal type feed), compared with the breast milk, the animal protein which can be digested and absorbed in the feed is reduced, the plant protein with low utilization rate is increased, and certain burden is caused to the digestive tract of the piglets. In addition, the adverse factors such as group transfer feeding and sow leaving can also cause psychological stress to piglets, and the weakness of an immune system causes the piglets not to be capable of normally resisting the attack of pathogenic bacteria such as escherichia coli, so that the problem of diarrhea of nursery pigs cannot be properly solved.
the feeding antibiotics can relieve the diarrhea of nursery pigs and avoid the loss brought to pig farms, but the problems of antibiotics abuse, residues and increased bacterial drug resistance, environmental pollution caused by the antibiotics and the like threaten the life health of human beings, so that the non-antibiotic breeding also becomes the focus of attention of all communities.
therefore, how to find a suitable additive to replace antibiotics in feed without affecting the production performance becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently in the industry.
disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, there is a need to provide a feed additive which can effectively relieve diarrhea caused by early weaning of piglets and can improve the survival rate and growth rate of piglets.
in a first aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a feed additive, which comprises plant essential oil and Chinese herbal medicine, wherein the plant essential oil contains oregano essential oil, thyme essential oil and celery essential oil, and the Chinese herbal medicine contains pulsatilla chinensis, macleaya cordata, poplar flower, purslane and plantain seed.
In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the plant essential oil to the Chinese herbal medicine is 0.5-1.5: 0.5 to 1.5. Preferably, the mass ratio of the plant essential oil to the Chinese herbal medicines is 1: 1.
in one embodiment, the weight ratio of the oregano essential oil, the thyme essential oil and the celery essential oil in the plant essential oil is 0.1-0.3: 0.04-0.08: 0.02-0.06. Preferably, in the plant essential oil, the mass ratio of the oregano essential oil to the thyme essential oil to the celery essential oil is 0.2: 0.06: 0.04.
in one embodiment, the Chinese herbal medicines comprise the Chinese pulsatilla root, the bock-apple, the poplar flower, the purslane and the plantain seed in a mass ratio of 0.05-0.15: 0.06-0.1: 0.04-0.08: 0.02-0.06: 0.01 to 0.03. Preferably, the mass ratio of the pulsatilla chinensis to the macleaya cordata to the poplar flower to the purslane to the plantain seed is 0.1: 0.08: 0.06: 0.04: 0.02.
The feed additive contains plant essential oil and Chinese herbal medicine preparation, the raw material components are scientifically matched and mutually cooperated, and the feed additive does not contain antibiotics, is safe, green and pollution-free.
In a second aspect, the embodiment of the invention further provides a nursery pig feed, which includes the feed additive described in any one of the above embodiments and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant.
in one embodiment, the auxiliary materials comprise corn, bean pulp, rice bran meal, calcium hydrophosphate, fish meal, soybean oil, salt and nutrient elements, wherein the nutrient elements comprise minerals and vitamins.
in one embodiment, the auxiliary materials comprise, in parts by weight:
60-65 parts of corn;
20-25 parts of soybean meal;
2-4 parts of rice bran meal;
0.5 to 1 portion of calcium hydrophosphate;
3 to 5 parts of fish meal;
0.3 to 0.5 portion of soybean oil;
0.1 to 0.2 portion of salt; and
1 part of nutrient elements.
In one embodiment, the nutrient elements comprise ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium selenite, potassium iodide, 0.05 part of coated zinc oxide, manganese methionine, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin K, riboflavin, biotin, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, folic acid, nicotinic acid and pyridoxine.
The feed additive in the nursery pig feed contains plant essential oil and Chinese herbal medicine preparations, the raw materials are scientifically matched and cooperated with each other, and the feed additive does not contain antibiotics, is safe, green and pollution-free. Experiments prove that the nursery pig feed can effectively reduce diarrhea frequency, morbidity and mortality of nursery pigs and provide more healthy nursery pig seedlings for pig farms. And the growth rate of the nursery pigs is improved, the slaughtering time is shortened, the feeding period of a pig farm is favorably shortened, and the production batches are improved as much as possible. Can also reduce the feed conversion ratio of nursery pigs and the feeding cost. Compared with the conventional common puffed nursery pig feed, the nursery pig feed does not cause drug resistance of gastrointestinal tract pathogenic bacteria, is convenient for disease treatment and prevention in pig farms, reduces the medication cost and creates higher economic benefit.
in addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the nursery pig feed, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
S110, uniformly mixing the solid auxiliary materials according to a mass ratio, and crushing the mixture by using an ultrafine crusher to obtain a first mixture, wherein the first mixture can pass through a sieve of 200-320 mu m;
S120, mixing the first mixture with a feed additive to obtain a second mixture, wherein the feed additive comprises plant essential oil and Chinese herbal medicines;
s130, puffing and granulating the second mixture at high temperature and high pressure to obtain feed particles;
s140, drying the feed particles at 75-80 ℃;
S150, spraying oil to the dried feed particles;
and S160, cooling the oil-sprayed expanded feed to obtain the nursery pig feed.
in one embodiment, the feed for nursery pigs prepared by the method has a crude protein content of 18-19%.
The method for preparing the nursery pig feed can obtain the expanded feed, and the product has the advantages of stable apparent quality, regular cut, low powder content, low powdering rate and uniform color.
In conclusion, the feed additive, the nursery pig feed and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention can be used for preparing the complete feed for the nursery pigs, which uses plant essential oil and Chinese herbal medicines to replace antibiotics, without influencing the intestinal health and growth rate of the nursery pigs. The feed has reasonable formula structure, easily-obtained raw materials, can effectively solve the problem of diarrhea caused by early weaning of piglets, remarkably improves the survival rate and the growth rate of the piglets, can reduce the feeding cost, and brings higher economic benefit for pig farms.
drawings
in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
fig. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of a nursery pig feed in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight:
0.2 part of oregano essential oil, 0.06 part of thyme essential oil, 0.04 part of parsley essential oil and 0.1 part of Chinese pulsatilla root; 0.08 part of macleaya cordata, 0.06 part of poplar flower, 0.04 part of purslane and 0.02 part of plantain seed.
example 2
The feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight:
0.1 part of oregano essential oil, 0.04 part of thyme essential oil, 0.02 part of parsley essential oil and 0.05 part of Chinese pulsatilla root; 0.06 part of macleaya cordata, 0.04 part of poplar flower, 0.06 part of purslane and 0.03 part of plantain seed.
Example 3
the feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight:
0.3 part of oregano essential oil, 0.08 part of thyme essential oil, 0.06 part of parsley essential oil and 0.15 part of Chinese pulsatilla root; 0.1 part of macleaya cordata, 0.08 part of poplar flower, 0.02 part of purslane and 0.01 part of plantain seed.
example 4
the nursery pig feed is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
63 parts of corn;
22 parts of soybean meal;
3 parts of rice bran meal;
0.75 part of calcium hydrophosphate;
4 parts of fish meal;
0.4 part of soybean oil;
0.15 part of salt;
1 part of nutrient elements;
0.3 part of plant essential oil;
0.3 part of Chinese herbal medicine.
wherein the nutrient elements contain mineral substances and vitamins, and the specific mass fraction ratio is as follows: 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate; 0.1 part of copper sulfate; 0.13 part of sodium selenite; 0.0015 part of potassium iodide; 0.05 part of coated zinc oxide; 0.028 parts of manganese methionine; 0.04 part of vitamin A; 0.047 parts of vitamin E; 0.002 parts of vitamin D; 0.005 part of vitamin K; 0.002 parts of riboflavin; 0.0025 parts of biotin; 120.005 parts of vitamin B; 0.005 part of pantothenic acid; 0.0015 part of folic acid; 0.075 part of nicotinic acid; 0.0055 part of pyridoxine.
the plant essential oil comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2 part of oregano essential oil; 0.06 part of thyme essential oil; 0.04 part of parsley essential oil.
the Chinese herbal medicine comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1 part of Chinese pulsatilla root; 0.08 part of macleaya cordata; 0.06 part of poplar flower; 0.04 part of purslane; 0.02 part of plantain seeds.
example 5
the nursery pig feed is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
60 parts of corn;
20 parts of soybean meal;
2 parts of rice bran meal;
0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate;
3 parts of fish meal;
0.3 part of soybean oil;
0.1 part of salt;
1 part of nutrient elements;
0.3 part of plant essential oil;
0.3 part of Chinese herbal medicine.
Wherein, the nutrient elements contain mineral substances and vitamins, and the specific mass fraction ratio is as follows: 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate; 0.1 part of copper sulfate; 0.13 part of sodium selenite; 0.0015 part of potassium iodide; 0.05 part of coated zinc oxide; 0.028 parts of manganese methionine; 0.04 part of vitamin A; 0.047 parts of vitamin E; 0.002 parts of vitamin D; 0.005 part of vitamin K; 0.002 parts of riboflavin; 0.0025 parts of biotin; 120.005 parts of vitamin B; 0.005 part of pantothenic acid; 0.0015 part of folic acid; 0.075 part of nicotinic acid; 0.0055 part of pyridoxine.
the plant essential oil comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2 part of oregano essential oil; 0.06 part of thyme essential oil; 0.04 part of parsley essential oil.
The Chinese herbal medicine comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1 part of Chinese pulsatilla root; 0.08 part of macleaya cordata; 0.06 part of poplar flower; 0.04 part of purslane; 0.02 part of plantain seeds.
example 6
the nursery pig feed is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
65 parts of corn;
25 parts of soybean meal;
4 parts of rice bran meal;
1 part of calcium hydrophosphate;
5 parts of fish meal;
0.5 part of soybean oil;
0.2 part of salt;
1 part of nutrient elements;
0.3 part of plant essential oil;
0.3 part of Chinese herbal medicine.
Wherein, the nutrient elements contain mineral substances and vitamins, and the specific mass fraction ratio is as follows: 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate; 0.1 part of copper sulfate; 0.13 part of sodium selenite; 0.0015 part of potassium iodide; 0.05 part of coated zinc oxide; 0.028 parts of manganese methionine; 0.04 part of vitamin A; 0.047 parts of vitamin E; 0.002 parts of vitamin D; 0.005 part of vitamin K; 0.002 parts of riboflavin; 0.0025 parts of biotin; 120.005 parts of vitamin B; 0.005 part of pantothenic acid; 0.0015 part of folic acid; 0.075 part of nicotinic acid; 0.0055 part of pyridoxine.
the plant essential oil comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2 part of oregano essential oil; 0.06 part of thyme essential oil; 0.04 part of parsley essential oil.
the Chinese herbal medicine comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1 part of Chinese pulsatilla root; 0.08 part of macleaya cordata; 0.06 part of poplar flower; 0.04 part of purslane; 0.02 part of plantain seeds.
Example 7
a preparation method of a nursery pig feed comprises the following steps of preparing raw materials of the nursery pig feed in a mass ratio:
63 parts of corn, 22 parts of bean pulp, 3 parts of rice bran meal, 0.75 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 4 parts of fish meal, 0.4 part of soybean oil, 0.15 part of salt, 1 part of nutrient elements, 0.3 part of plant essential oil and 0.3 part of Chinese herbal medicine. Wherein the nutrient elements contain mineral substances and vitamins, and the specific mass fraction ratio is as follows: 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate; 0.1 part of copper sulfate; 0.13 part of sodium selenite; 0.0015 part of potassium iodide; 0.05 part of coated zinc oxide; 0.028 parts of manganese methionine; 0.04 part of vitamin A; 0.047 parts of vitamin E; 0.002 parts of vitamin D; 0.005 part of vitamin K; 0.002 parts of riboflavin; 0.0025 parts of biotin; 120.005 parts of vitamin B; 0.005 part of pantothenic acid; 0.0015 part of folic acid; 0.075 part of nicotinic acid; 0.0055 part of pyridoxine. The plant essential oil comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2 part of oregano essential oil; 0.06 part of thyme essential oil; 0.04 part of parsley essential oil. The Chinese herbal medicine comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1 part of Chinese pulsatilla root; 0.08 part of macleaya cordata; 0.06 part of poplar flower; 0.04 part of purslane; 0.02 part of plantain seeds.
uniformly mixing solid auxiliary materials (63 parts of corn, 22 parts of bean pulp, 3 parts of rice bran meal, 0.75 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 4 parts of fish meal, 0.15 part of salt and 1 part of nutrient elements) according to a mass ratio, and crushing by a superfine crusher to obtain a first mixture which can pass through a sieve with the size of 200-320 mu m.
mixing the first mixture with feed additive (plant essential oil 0.3 parts, Chinese herbal medicine 0.3 parts) to obtain a second mixture. And (4) carrying out high-temperature high-pressure puffing and granulating on the second mixture through a double-screw extruder to obtain the feed particles. And drying the obtained feed particles at 75-80 ℃. And (3) feeding the dried feed particles into an oil spraying barrel for uniformly spraying oil, wherein the oil is soybean oil. And (3) feeding the puffed feed after oil injection into a cooling tower, cooling, grading, and finally packaging to obtain the nursery pig feed. The feed for nursery pig has crude protein content of 18-19%.
Test experiments
the nursery pig complete puffed piglet feed prepared by the method of the embodiment 7 is transported to an experimental site for experimental verification. The experiment was divided into two groups, an experimental group and a control group. The experiment adopts a single-factor completely randomized design, 400 healthy piglets which are weaned at the age of 28 days are selected, and are averagely divided into 2 treatment groups according to the principle that the health condition, the sex ratio and the weight are similar, each treatment is repeated for 10 times, and each treatment is repeated for 20 piglets.
the experimental group is fed with the puffed piglet feed containing the plant essential oil and the Chinese herbal medicines instead of antibiotics, which is prepared by the method. The control group was fed with puffed piglet feed containing antibiotics. The experimental pigs are fed by adopting a group fence net bed which is independent of each other repeatedly, the feeding mode is free feeding and free drinking, and the experimental period is 30 days.
The experimental detection indexes are as follows: daily gain of piglets, daily feed intake and diarrhea rate. And carrying out single-factor variance analysis on the finally acquired data by adopting SPSS20.0 software, and carrying out multiple comparisons, wherein the difference is obvious when P is less than 0.05. Piglet growth performance is shown in table 1 below:
Table 1: test results
The above experimental results show that: plant essential oil and Chinese herbal medicine with proper components and dosage can replace antibiotics, the diarrhea frequency of the replaced piglets is reduced, and the daily weight gain is also improved. Furthermore, the Chinese herbal medicines and the plant essential oil can reduce the diarrhea frequency of piglets and improve the daily gain, and can be used for replacing antibiotics to be put into production.
the technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.