技术领域technical field
本发明属于电子领域和无线通信技术，尤其涉及一种E面与H面方向图对称的宽带双极化天线。The invention belongs to the field of electronics and wireless communication technology, and in particular relates to a broadband dual-polarization antenna with symmetrical E-plane and H-plane patterns.
背景技术Background technique
随着无线通信技术的快速发展，同时受限于有限的安装空间，为了保障已有的网络和服务能够平稳地演进，现有的无线通信系统通常需要天线至少在两个方位面进行扫描，然而由于大多数单元天线在E面和H面方向图并不一致，因此这一要求显著增加了天线设计的复杂度。With the rapid development of wireless communication technology and limited installation space, in order to ensure the smooth evolution of existing networks and services, existing wireless communication systems usually require antennas to scan in at least two directions. However, Since the E-plane and H-plane patterns of most element antennas are not consistent, this requirement significantly increases the complexity of the antenna design.
1954年，天线与传播专业IRE学报(Transactions of the IRE ProfessionalGroup on Antennas and Propagation)首次提出了基于两种偶极子实现方向图互补这一理论。之后，有研究人员根据这一理论设计了一种工作于一个极化的电磁偶极子天线，通过采用一个Γ型探针同时激励一对水平贴片和垂直短路贴片来实现电偶极子与磁偶极子辐射，验证了这一理论的可行性，然而其只能在很窄的带宽内保持E面和H面方向图的一致性，且馈电复杂，不利于组成阵列。之后，对于该类型的天线，相关领域的专家、学者和工程技术人员进行了广泛的研究，获得了一系列的技术成果，然而，就已公开的相关电磁偶极子天线技术与结构而言，还存在着以下几个问题。In 1954, the Transactions of the IRE Professional Group on Antennas and Propagation (Transactions of the IRE Professional Group on Antennas and Propagation) first proposed the theory of complementary patterns based on two dipoles. Later, some researchers designed an electromagnetic dipole antenna that works in one polarization according to this theory. By using a Γ-type probe to simultaneously excite a pair of horizontal patches and vertical short-circuit patches to realize the electric dipole Radiation with magnetic dipoles has verified the feasibility of this theory, but it can only maintain the consistency of the E-plane and H-plane patterns within a narrow bandwidth, and the feeding is complicated, which is not conducive to forming an array. Afterwards, for this type of antenna, experts, scholars and engineering technicians in related fields conducted extensive research and obtained a series of technical achievements. However, as far as the disclosed related electromagnetic dipole antenna technology and structure are concerned, There are also the following problems.
1这些改进大多只关注于增加此类天线的阻抗带宽，并不注重在工作频带内，保持E面与H面方向图的一致性。1 Most of these improvements only focus on increasing the impedance bandwidth of this type of antenna, and do not focus on maintaining the consistency of the E-plane and H-plane patterns within the working frequency band.
2目前公开的大部分电磁偶极子天线，为保持良好的性能，大多馈电结构复杂，加工困难，不易于组阵。2. In order to maintain good performance, most of the currently disclosed electromagnetic dipole antennas have complex feeding structures, difficult processing, and are not easy to form an array.
由此可见，如何在较宽带宽内使天线单元保持E面和H面方向图的一致性以及实现简单的馈电方式是业内人士亟待解决的问题。It can be seen that how to maintain the consistency of the E-plane and H-plane patterns of the antenna unit within a wide bandwidth and how to realize a simple feeding method are problems to be solved urgently by people in the industry.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明目的：针对上述问题，本发明旨在提供一种在E面与H面方向图一致的宽带双极化阵列扫描天线单元，其具有结构简单，紧凑，易于加工的优点。Purpose of the invention: In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a broadband dual-polarization array scanning antenna unit with consistent patterns on the E plane and the H plane, which has the advantages of simple structure, compactness and easy processing.
技术方案：本发明提供的一种E面与H面方向图对称的宽带双极化阵列扫描天线单元，包含双极化辐射单元与双极化馈电网络两部分，其中双极化辐射单元包括四个顺时针放置的电磁偶极子辐射单元，每个电磁偶极子辐射单元包括一个水平贴片及一个与水平贴片相连并于地板短路的垂直短路贴片，其中水平贴片用于电偶极子辐射，垂直贴片用于磁偶极子辐射，通过同时激励E面与H面方向图互补的电偶极子与磁偶极子来实现天线整体在E面和H面方向图的一致性；双极化馈电网络为微带线缝隙耦合馈电结构，拥有两个输入端口和四个输出端口，具体如下，每一个输入端口通过一个一分二功分网络连接到对应的两个输出端口，每个输出端口可以通过缝隙耦合馈电至电磁偶极子激励产生相应极化的辐射波束。在各个输入端口提供特定相位的馈电组合可以产生需要的极化方向。Technical solution: The present invention provides a broadband dual-polarization array scanning antenna unit with symmetric E-plane and H-plane patterns, including two parts: a dual-polarization radiation unit and a dual-polarization feed network, wherein the dual-polarization radiation unit includes Four electromagnetic dipole radiating units placed clockwise, each electromagnetic dipole radiating unit includes a horizontal patch and a vertical short-circuit patch connected to the horizontal patch and short-circuited to the floor, wherein the horizontal patch is used for electrical Dipole radiation, the vertical patch is used for magnetic dipole radiation, by simultaneously stimulating the electric dipole and magnetic dipole complementary to the E-plane and H-plane patterns to realize the overall antenna pattern in the E-plane and H-plane Consistency; the dual-polarized feed network is a microstrip line gap-coupled feed structure, with two input ports and four output ports, as follows, each input port is connected to the corresponding two Each output port can be fed to an electromagnetic dipole by slot coupling to excite a correspondingly polarized radiation beam. Combinations of feeds that provide specific phases at each input port can produce the desired polarization direction.
所述的E面与H面方向图对称的宽带双极化阵列扫描天线单元，辐射单元部分为立体结构，由良导体弯折拼接实现，馈电网络部分为平面结构，采用印制电路板工艺实现，可以用单层印制电路板工艺。The broadband dual-polarized array scanning antenna unit with symmetrical E-plane and H-plane patterns, the radiation unit part is a three-dimensional structure, which is realized by bending and splicing of good conductors, and the feeding network part is a planar structure, which is realized by printed circuit board technology , can use a single-layer printed circuit board process.
所述的E面与H面方向图对称的宽带双极化阵列扫描天线单元，辐射部分由四个相隔90度按顺时针放置的电磁偶极子单元构成，每个电磁偶极子单元包括一个水平贴片与一个垂直短路贴片，其中垂直短路贴片为弯折90度垂直放置，并于水平贴片及地板短接。The broadband dual-polarized array scanning antenna unit with symmetrical E-plane and H-plane patterns, the radiating part is composed of four electromagnetic dipole units placed clockwise at 90 degrees apart, and each electromagnetic dipole unit includes a A horizontal patch and a vertical short-circuit patch, where the vertical short-circuit patch is bent at 90 degrees and placed vertically, and short-circuited between the horizontal patch and the floor.
所述的E面与H面方向图对称的宽带双极化阵列扫描天线单元，馈电方式为微带线口径耦合馈电，通过在地板上开设“十”字形缝隙来对输入能量进行耦合，为减小天线整体尺寸，缝隙尾部进行了弯折，介质基板一面为开有“十”字形缝隙的地板，另一面为正交放置的两个一分二功分网络，每个功分网络负责激励一个极化方向的辐射波束。The broadband dual-polarization array scanning antenna unit with symmetrical E-plane and H-plane patterns, the feeding mode is microstrip line aperture coupling feeding, and the input energy is coupled by opening a "cross"-shaped gap on the floor, In order to reduce the overall size of the antenna, the tail of the slot is bent. One side of the dielectric substrate is a floor with a "ten"-shaped slot, and the other side is two orthogonally placed one-point-two power distribution networks. Each power distribution network is responsible for Excites a radiation beam in one polarization direction.
有益效果：采用本发明所述实现的电磁偶极子双极化天线，与现有技术相比，可以在更宽带宽内实现两个方位面(E面和H面)方向图的一致性，以其为单元组成的相控阵阵列，在E面和H面进行波束扫描时，增益变化具有一致性。采用微带线缝隙耦合馈电，降低制作成本，对缝隙尾部进行弯折，减小天线整体尺寸，且天线整体结构简单，易于加工。Beneficial effects: using the electromagnetic dipole dual-polarization antenna realized in the present invention, compared with the prior art, the consistency of the two azimuth planes (E plane and H plane) pattern can be realized in a wider bandwidth, The phased array array composed of it as a unit has a consistent gain change when beam scanning is performed on the E plane and the H plane. Microstrip line slot coupling feeding is adopted to reduce manufacturing cost, and the tail of the slot is bent to reduce the overall size of the antenna, and the overall structure of the antenna is simple and easy to process.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图做简单的介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. As far as people are concerned, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings on the premise of not paying creative work.
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种双极化电磁偶极子天线的整体示意图；1 is an overall schematic diagram of a dual-polarized electromagnetic dipole antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种双极化电磁偶极子天线的俯视图；2 is a top view of a dual-polarized electromagnetic dipole antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种双极化电磁偶极子天线馈电结构的俯视图；3 is a top view of a dual-polarized electromagnetic dipole antenna feeding structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种双极化电磁偶极子天线的结构分解图；FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the structure of a dual-polarized electromagnetic dipole antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例中两个输入端口的反射系数仿真结果。FIG. 5 is a simulation result of reflection coefficients of two input ports in an embodiment of the present invention.
图6为本发明实施例在5GHz时E面与H面的方向图仿真结果。FIG. 6 is a simulation result of the radiation pattern of the E plane and the H plane at 5 GHz according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图7为本发明实施例在5.5GHz时E面与H面的方向图仿真结果。FIG. 7 is a simulation result of the radiation pattern of the E plane and the H plane at 5.5 GHz according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图8为本发明实施例在6GHz时E面与H面的方向图仿真结果。FIG. 8 is a simulation result of the radiation pattern of the E plane and the H plane at 6 GHz according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图9为本发明实施例在6.5GHz时E面与H面的方向图仿真结果。FIG. 9 is a simulation result of the radiation patterns of the E plane and the H plane at 6.5 GHz according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图10为本发明实施例在7GHz时E面与H面的方向图仿真结果。FIG. 10 is a simulation result of the radiation pattern of the E plane and the H plane at 7 GHz according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图11为本发明实施例在7.5GHz时E面与H面的方向图仿真结果。FIG. 11 is a simulation result of the radiation patterns of the E plane and the H plane at 7.5 GHz according to the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。参考附图1-附图4，本发明提供的E面与H面方向图对称的宽带双极化阵列扫描天线单元，包含双极化辐射单元和双极化馈电网络两个部分，在本实施案例中，双极化辐射单元为立体结构，由良导体弯折拼接而成，双极化馈电网络为平面结构，包含一个介质基片，和上下两层金属层。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. With reference to accompanying drawing 1-accompanying drawing 4, the wideband dual-polarization array scanning antenna unit that the E plane and H plane pattern symmetry provided by the present invention comprise two parts of dual-polarization radiation unit and dual-polarization feeding network, in this In the implementation case, the dual-polarization radiation unit is a three-dimensional structure, which is formed by bending and splicing good conductors, and the dual-polarization feeding network is a planar structure, including a dielectric substrate and two upper and lower metal layers.
参考附图3-附图4，双极化馈电网络为微带线缝隙耦合馈电，每个极化包括一个输入端口#1和两个输出端口#1，#2，为均匀激励两对电磁偶极子天线，两个输出端口关于中心对称，为减少两个极化间的耦合，馈电网络正交放置，在本实施案例中，介质基板采用0.254mm的Rogers RT/duroid6006,基板一面为开有“十”字形缝隙的地板，由于缝隙必须足够长，才能确保耦合足够的能量，然而这会增加天线整体的尺寸，因此对缝隙尾部进行弯折来减小尺寸，另一面为正交放置的两个一分二功分器，在本实施案例中，一分二功分器由两节威尔金森功分组成,以满足天线所要求的工作带宽，在本实施案例中，需要调试功分器末端耦合馈电的位置，以保证在此处天线的输入阻抗为50欧。Referring to accompanying drawing 3-accompanying drawing 4, the dual-polarized feeding network is a microstrip line slot-coupled feeding, and each polarization includes an input port #1 and two output ports #1 and #2, which uniformly excite two pairs of Electromagnetic dipole antenna, the two output ports are symmetrical about the center. In order to reduce the coupling between the two polarizations, the feed network is placed orthogonally. In this implementation case, the dielectric substrate adopts 0.254mm Rogers RT/duroid6006, and one side of the substrate is It is a floor with a "ten"-shaped slot. Since the slot must be long enough to ensure sufficient energy coupling, however, this will increase the overall size of the antenna. Therefore, the tail of the slot is bent to reduce the size, and the other side is orthogonal Two 1/2 power splitters are placed. In this implementation case, the 1/2 power splitter is composed of two Wilkinson power splitters to meet the working bandwidth required by the antenna. In this implementation case, it is necessary to debug The position of the coupling feed at the end of the power splitter to ensure that the input impedance of the antenna here is 50 ohms.
参考附图4，该发明的双极化辐射单元由四个相隔90度按顺时针放置的模块构成，每个模块包括一个水平贴片和一个弯折90度垂直放置的短路贴片，在本实施案例中，当只激励一个方向(例如X方向)极化时，以X方向为镜面相对的两组模块构成两对电磁偶极子天线产生辐射波，当t＝0时，两个水平振子上的表面电流值达到最小，而两个垂直贴片上的表面电流值达到了最大且方向相反，形成一个电流环，该时刻磁偶极子起主要的辐射作用；当t＝T/4(T为6GHz处的谐振周期)时，两个水平振子上的表面电流沿振子指向同一方向且电流值最大，而两个垂直贴片上的表面电流值最小，该时刻电偶极子起主要的辐射作用；当t＝T/2时，磁偶极子再次被激励，两个垂直贴片上的表面电流方向与t＝0时刻的电流方向正好相反；当t＝3T/4时，电偶极子再次被激励，两个水平振子上的表面电流方向与t＝T/4时刻的电流方向正好相反，因此，两对水平贴片(相当于电偶极子)与两对垂直短路贴片(等效于两对电流环)交替工作，产生相应极化方向的辐射波束。在本实施案例中，选择6GHz为本案例中电磁偶极子的工作频率，工作频段为5GHz-7.5GHz,在整个工作频段内，均可保持E面与H面方向图的一致性。选择水平贴片的电长度L与天线的垂直短路贴片的电长度H为0.2到0.3个中心频率对应的波长，以保证电偶极子和磁偶极子谐振在工作的中心频率左右。Referring to accompanying drawing 4, the dual-polarized radiation unit of this invention is made up of four modules placed clockwise at 90 degrees apart, each module includes a horizontal patch and a short-circuit patch bent at 90 degrees and placed vertically. In the implementation case, when only one direction (such as the X direction) is excited, the two groups of modules facing the X direction as mirrors form two pairs of electromagnetic dipole antennas to generate radiation waves. When t=0, the two horizontal oscillators The surface current value on the surface reaches the minimum, while the surface current value on the two vertical patches reaches the maximum and the direction is opposite, forming a current loop. At this time, the magnetic dipole plays a major role in radiation; when t=T/4( T is the resonance period at 6GHz), the surface currents on the two horizontal vibrators point to the same direction along the vibrator and the current value is the largest, while the surface current values on the two vertical patches are the smallest, and the electric dipole plays the main role at this moment Radiation effect; when t=T/2, the magnetic dipole is excited again, and the direction of the surface current on the two vertical patches is just opposite to that at t=0; when t=3T/4, the galvanic dipole The poles are excited again, and the direction of the surface current on the two horizontal vibrators is just opposite to that at the moment t=T/4. Therefore, two pairs of horizontal patches (equivalent to electric dipoles) and two pairs of vertical short-circuit patches (equivalent to two pairs of current loops) work alternately to generate radiation beams in corresponding polarization directions. In this implementation case, 6GHz is selected as the working frequency of the electromagnetic dipole in this case, and the working frequency band is 5GHz-7.5GHz. In the entire working frequency band, the consistency of the pattern of the E plane and the H plane can be maintained. Select the electrical length L of the horizontal patch and the electrical length H of the vertical short-circuit patch of the antenna to be 0.2 to 0.3 wavelengths corresponding to the center frequency to ensure that the electric dipole and magnetic dipole resonate around the working center frequency.
附图5-附图11给出了实例天线的相关性能仿真参数，仿真实验结果可以看出，在满足阻抗匹配的前提下，该天线在较宽的工作带宽(5GHz-7.5GHz)内可以保持E面和H面方向图的对称性(方向图在正负60度最大差异小于3dB)，同时结构简单，易于加工，这种E面与H面方向图对称的特点，使该天线组成面阵进行E面与H面扫描时，天线在两个方位面增益下降一致，便于阵列设计。Accompanying drawing 5-accompanying drawing 11 have given the relevant performance simulation parameters of the example antenna, the simulation experiment result can be seen, under the premise of satisfying the impedance matching, this antenna can keep The symmetry of the pattern of the E plane and the H plane (the maximum difference of the pattern at plus or minus 60 degrees is less than 3dB), at the same time, the structure is simple and easy to process. The characteristic of the symmetry of the pattern of the E plane and the H plane makes the antenna form a planar array When scanning the E plane and the H plane, the gain of the antenna drops in the same direction in the two azimuth planes, which is convenient for array design.
以上实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明保护范围之内。The above embodiments are only to illustrate the technical ideas of the present invention, and can not limit the protection scope of the present invention with this. All technical ideas proposed in accordance with the present invention, any changes made on the basis of technical solutions, all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Inside.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910828904.6ACN110518348A (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2019-09-03 | A kind of wideband dual polarized electromagnetic dipole antenna element in the equal face E and the face H |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910828904.6ACN110518348A (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2019-09-03 | A kind of wideband dual polarized electromagnetic dipole antenna element in the equal face E and the face H |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110518348Atrue CN110518348A (en) | 2019-11-29 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910828904.6APendingCN110518348A (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2019-09-03 | A kind of wideband dual polarized electromagnetic dipole antenna element in the equal face E and the face H |
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN110518348A (en) |
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