技术领域technical field
本发明涉及耳标技术领域，特别涉及一种低功耗的多功能畜牧智能耳标及其数据采集方法。The invention relates to the technical field of ear tags, in particular to a low-power multifunctional intelligent animal husbandry ear tag and a data collection method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
畜牧养殖行业保障了我国居民大多数的肉奶供应。我国生猪年出栏量约7 亿头、5000万头牛、3亿只羊。以移动互联网、物联网、云计算、大数据等为特征的新一代信息通信技术迅猛发展，其与传统行业的融合已是国家发展战略内容。推进畜牧养殖信息化，进行精细化养殖，是畜牧养殖行业的发展趋势，也是保障畜牧产品质量安全的要求。目前，通过摄像头等设备对畜牧动物生长情况监控、实时跟踪、提醒识别，且对收集到的图像等数据进行处理，分析动物生理特性，实现养殖的精细化管理。但是仍然存在畜牧养殖成本居高不下等问题。动物行为是动物对其生活环境和饲养方式等的综合反应表现，是对动物的运动功能、营养状态、健康状态和精神状态的重要评估依据。精准掌握养殖动物群体行为是精细化养殖的重要内容。通过养殖动物群体行为的研究有助于精准掌握规模养殖动物的行为习性，创造适于养殖动物生长的饲养环境，细化畜牧养殖管理，进而提高生产性能。因此，长期、高效采集养殖动物行为状态变化等数据，通过分析采集数据从而准确地诊断异常行为，是当前精准养殖所研究的主要方向。The animal husbandry industry guarantees the supply of meat and milk for most of the residents in our country. my country's annual slaughter volume of pigs is about 700 million, 50 million cattle, and 300 million sheep. The new generation of information and communication technology characterized by mobile Internet, Internet of Things, cloud computing, and big data is developing rapidly, and its integration with traditional industries has become the content of the national development strategy. Promoting the informatization of animal husbandry and carrying out refined breeding is the development trend of the animal husbandry industry, and it is also a requirement to ensure the quality and safety of animal husbandry products. At present, cameras and other equipment are used to monitor the growth of livestock animals, track them in real time, remind and identify them, and process the collected images and other data, analyze the physiological characteristics of animals, and realize the refined management of breeding. However, there are still problems such as the high cost of animal husbandry. Animal behavior is the comprehensive response of animals to their living environment and feeding methods, and is an important basis for evaluating the animal's motor function, nutritional status, health status and mental status. Accurately grasping the group behavior of farmed animals is an important part of refined farming. The research on group behavior of farmed animals helps to accurately grasp the behavioral habits of large-scale farmed animals, create a breeding environment suitable for the growth of farmed animals, refine animal husbandry management, and improve production performance. Therefore, long-term and efficient collection of data such as changes in the behavior of farmed animals, and accurate diagnosis of abnormal behaviors through analysis of the collected data are the main directions of current precision farming research.
本发明为解决上述问题，设计了一种低功耗的多功能畜牧智能耳标。该耳标可以自动获取、存储和传输数据。为满足采集畜牧的整个生长周期行为数据，设计了整体低功耗运行策略。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention designs a low power consumption multifunctional animal husbandry intelligent ear tag. The ear tag can automatically acquire, store and transmit data. In order to meet the needs of collecting the behavioral data of the entire growth cycle of livestock, an overall low-power operation strategy is designed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种低功耗的多功能畜牧智能耳标及其数据采集方法，解决了畜牧行为采集数据单一、待机时长不够、无法准确定位到某一头畜牧等局限性。The invention provides a low-power multifunctional animal husbandry intelligent ear tag and its data collection method, which solves the limitations of single animal husbandry behavior collection data, insufficient standby time, and inability to accurately locate a certain animal husbandry.
本发明的技术方案如下：Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种低功耗的多功能畜牧智能耳标，包括控制单元、供电单元、LED显示模块、温湿度传感器模块、三轴加速度传感器模块、心率血氧传感器模块，其中，所述控制单元通过TWI(Two-wire Serial Interface)总线分别读取三类传感器模块所采集的数据；A low-power multifunctional animal husbandry intelligent ear tag, including a control unit, a power supply unit, an LED display module, a temperature and humidity sensor module, a three-axis acceleration sensor module, and a heart rate and blood oxygen sensor module, wherein the control unit passes TWI ( Two-wire Serial Interface) bus respectively reads the data collected by the three types of sensor modules;
所述LED显示模块与所述控制单元连接，用于指示采集的数据是否正常以及对目标畜牧进行定位；The LED display module is connected with the control unit to indicate whether the collected data is normal and to locate the target livestock;
所述供电单元分别与所述控制单元、温湿度传感器模块、三轴加速度传感器模块、心率血氧传感器模块相连接，用于提供电源。The power supply unit is respectively connected with the control unit, the temperature and humidity sensor module, the three-axis acceleration sensor module, and the heart rate and blood oxygen sensor module to provide power.
进一步的，所述控制单元包括核心芯片和与之连接的随机存储器RAM (randomaccess memory)、固态存储器FLASH、内置温度传感器、DC-DC降压调节器/LDO、平衡-不平衡变换器巴伦(Balance-unbalance，BALUN)。其中，所述内置温度传感器通过总线的方式将所述控制单元内部的温度传递给控制单元的核心芯片。Further, the control unit includes a core chip and a random access memory (random access memory) connected thereto, a solid-state memory FLASH, a built-in temperature sensor, a DC-DC step-down regulator/LDO, a balanced-unbalanced converter balun ( Balance-unbalance, BALUN). Wherein, the built-in temperature sensor transmits the temperature inside the control unit to the core chip of the control unit through a bus.
进一步的，所述控制单元还包括看门狗和SWD(serial wire debug)调试模块。Further, the control unit also includes a watchdog and a SWD (serial wire debug) debugging module.
进一步的，所述控制单元采用2.4GHz无线电多协议。Further, the control unit adopts 2.4GHz radio multi-protocol.
进一步的，所述控制单元包含TWI接口，当满足采条件时，所述控制单元从TWI总线上按照Address0、Address1、Address2的地址顺序分别读取所述温度传感器模块、三轴加速度传感器模块、心率血氧传感器模块的数据。Further, the control unit includes a TWI interface, and when the acquisition conditions are met, the control unit reads the temperature sensor module, the triaxial acceleration sensor module, the heart rate sensor module, and the heart rate sensor module respectively from the TWI bus according to the address sequence of Address0, Address1, and Address2. The data of the blood oxygen sensor module.
进一步的，所述供电单元包括纽扣电池和程序可控电源管理模块。Further, the power supply unit includes a button battery and a program-controllable power management module.
进一步的，所述智能耳标还包括Debug调试模块，用于与所述控制单元内部的SWD调试模块配合实现程序在线调试、程序烧录和下载。Further, the smart ear tag also includes a Debug debugging module, which is used to cooperate with the SWD debugging module inside the control unit to realize program online debugging, program burning and downloading.
进一步的，所述控制单元还包括模数转化ADC(Analog-to-Digital Converter)功能，其与所述纽扣电池连接，可以实时掌握纽扣电池的电量情况。Further, the control unit also includes an analog-to-digital conversion ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) function, which is connected to the button battery, and can grasp the power status of the button battery in real time.
进一步的，所述LED显示模块采用的是工作电流较小的LED贴片。Further, the LED display module uses LED patches with a relatively small working current.
一种低功耗的多功能畜牧智能耳标的数据采集方法，包括：在特定事件触发条件下，智能耳标的控制单元分别控制温度传感器模块、三轴加速度传感器模块、心率血氧传感器模块开启数据采集模式，并按照Address0、Address1、Address2 的地址顺序分别进行读取，最后将数据结果按照时间顺序存储到控制单元内部的 FLASH中。A data acquisition method of a low-power multifunctional animal husbandry smart ear tag, comprising: under a specific event trigger condition, the control unit of the smart ear tag separately controls the temperature sensor module, the three-axis acceleration sensor module, and the heart rate blood oxygen sensor module to start data collection mode, read Address0, Address1, and Address2 respectively, and finally store the data results in the FLASH inside the control unit in chronological order.
温湿度传感器模块开启数据采集模式的触发事件为控制单元内部的软件定时器时间为预设温湿度采样时间的整数倍；三轴加速度传感器模块开启数据采集模式的触发事件为畜牧的动作；心率血氧传感器模块开启数据采集模式的触发事件为在满足畜牧心率以及血氧算法要求的时间间隔的条件下，以预设频率进行数据采集。The trigger event for the temperature and humidity sensor module to start the data collection mode is the software timer inside the control unit, and the time is an integral multiple of the preset temperature and humidity sampling time; the trigger event for the three-axis acceleration sensor module to start the data collection mode is the action of livestock; The trigger event for the oxygen sensor module to start the data collection mode is to collect data at a preset frequency under the condition of meeting the time interval required by the livestock heart rate and the blood oxygen algorithm.
具体地，一种低功耗的多功能畜牧智能耳标的温湿度数据采集方法，其步骤包括：Specifically, a method for collecting temperature and humidity data of a low-power multifunctional animal husbandry smart ear tag, the steps of which include:
1)当控制单元内部的软件定时器为预设温湿度采样时间的整数倍时，控制单元开启温湿度采样模式；1) When the software timer inside the control unit is an integer multiple of the preset temperature and humidity sampling time, the control unit starts the temperature and humidity sampling mode;
2)通过对TWI总线上的Address0进行温湿度数值的读取；2) Read the temperature and humidity values from Address0 on the TWI bus;
3)采样结束后，所述控制单元处于低功耗状态，将采集到的温湿度数值进行一定的数据处理，将结果按照时间顺序存储到控制单元内部的FLASH。3) After the sampling is finished, the control unit is in a low power consumption state, performs certain data processing on the collected temperature and humidity values, and stores the results in the FLASH inside the control unit in chronological order.
一种低功耗的畜牧智能耳标的三轴运动加速度数据采集方法，其步骤包括：A low-power-consumption animal husbandry intelligent ear tag three-axis motion acceleration data acquisition method, the steps comprising:
1)当畜牧运动时，三轴运动加速度传感器产生中断；1) When the animal husbandry is moving, the three-axis motion acceleration sensor generates an interruption;
2)该中断事件触发所述控制单元对TWI总线上的Address1XYZ三个方向的运动加速度进行采样、读取；2) The interrupt event triggers the control unit to sample and read the motion acceleration in the Address1XYZ directions on the TWI bus;
3)采样结束后，所述控制单元处于低功耗状态，将采集到的XYZ三个方向的运动加速度数值进行一定的数据处理，将数据结果按照时间顺序存储到控制单元内部的FLASH中。3) After the sampling is finished, the control unit is in a low power consumption state, performs certain data processing on the collected motion acceleration values in the three directions of XYZ, and stores the data results in the FLASH inside the control unit in chronological order.
一种低功耗的畜牧智能耳标的心率血氧数据采集方法，其步骤包括：A low-power animal husbandry intelligent ear tag heart rate blood oxygen data collection method, the steps comprising:
1)当智能耳标满足心率血氧采集条件时，控制单元开启心率血氧采样模式，所述供电单元内部的所述程序可控电源管理模块产生满足心率血氧传感器工作所需的1.8V电压；1) When the smart ear tag meets the heart rate and blood oxygen collection conditions, the control unit starts the heart rate and blood oxygen sampling mode, and the program-controllable power management module inside the power supply unit generates the 1.8V voltage required for the heart rate and blood oxygen sensor to work ;
2)通过对TWI总线上的Address2进行心率血氧相关数据的读取；2) Read heart rate and blood oxygen related data from Address2 on the TWI bus;
3)采样结束后，所述控制单元处于低功耗状态，将采集到的心率血氧数值进行一定的数据处理，将数据结果按照时间顺序存储到控制单元内部的FLASH中。3) After the sampling is completed, the control unit is in a low power consumption state, performs certain data processing on the collected heart rate and blood oxygen values, and stores the data results in the FLASH inside the control unit in chronological order.
进一步的，上述三种数据采集方法结束后，当满足一定的传输条件时，将存储在FLASH中的数据传输到与之配套的手机客户端或数据汇集装置中。Further, after the above three data collection methods are completed, when certain transmission conditions are met, the data stored in the FLASH is transmitted to the matching mobile phone client or data collection device.
进一步的，温湿度传感器模块采用SHT31型温湿度传感器；三轴加速度传感器模块采用KX022型三轴加速度传感器；心率血氧传感器模块采用MAX30102型心率血氧传感器。Further, the temperature and humidity sensor module uses a SHT31 temperature and humidity sensor; the three-axis acceleration sensor module uses a KX022 three-axis acceleration sensor; the heart rate and blood oxygen sensor module uses a MAX30102 heart rate and blood oxygen sensor.
进一步的，纽扣电池采用的是CR2032型纽扣电池；程序可控电源管理模块采用超RT9193-1HGB。Further, the button battery is a CR2032 button battery; the program-controllable power management module uses a super RT9193-1HGB.
本发明的各个模块都采用低功耗的芯片，控制单元对各模块进行动态功耗管理，从而达到各模块在正常运行条件下的最低功耗状态，从而实现在畜牧养殖环境下长期稳定有效的数据采集。Each module of the present invention uses a low-power chip, and the control unit performs dynamic power consumption management on each module, so as to achieve the lowest power consumption state of each module under normal operating conditions, thereby realizing long-term stable and effective power consumption in the livestock breeding environment. data collection.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构框图。Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of the present invention.
图2A为本发明所述耳标低功耗运行流程图。Fig. 2A is a flow chart of low power consumption operation of the ear tag according to the present invention.
图2B为本发明基于系统运行时间事件触发的流程图。FIG. 2B is a flow chart of the present invention based on system runtime event triggering.
图2C为本发明基于采集温湿度事件触发的流程图。FIG. 2C is a flow chart of the present invention based on collecting temperature and humidity event triggering.
图2D为本发明基于采集三轴加速度事件触发的流程图。FIG. 2D is a flow chart of the present invention based on acquisition of triaxial acceleration event triggering.
图2E为本发明基于采集心率血氧事件触发的流程图。FIG. 2E is a flow chart of the present invention triggered based on collecting heart rate and blood oxygen events.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
参考图1。传感器是数据采集终端的主要功耗器件。因此，为了保证数据采集终端在畜牧养殖环境中长期持续地独立运营，首要条件就必须减少传感器的功耗。在实际的应用中，温湿度传感器隔一段时间采集一次数据，三轴加速度根据相关人员的实际需求进行运动数据采集；心率血氧传感器在满足心率以及血氧算法要求的时间间隔进行采样，采样的频率都是可以通过与之配套的手机客户端进行控制。Refer to Figure 1. The sensor is the main power consumption device of the data acquisition terminal. Therefore, in order to ensure the long-term continuous independent operation of the data collection terminal in the livestock breeding environment, the first condition is to reduce the power consumption of the sensor. In practical applications, the temperature and humidity sensor collects data once in a while, and the three-axis acceleration collects motion data according to the actual needs of relevant personnel; The frequency can be controlled through the matching mobile phone client.
一种低功耗的多功能畜牧智能耳标，包括控制单元、供电单元、温湿度传感器模块、三轴加速度传感器模块、心率血氧传感器模块、LED显示模块。A low-power multifunctional animal husbandry intelligent ear tag, including a control unit, a power supply unit, a temperature and humidity sensor module, a three-axis acceleration sensor module, a heart rate blood oxygen sensor module, and an LED display module.
基于采集温湿度事件触发采样时，控制单元通过TWI总线地址上的Address0 读取温湿度传感器数据，每隔30分钟，触发温湿度传感器采集一次数据，其工作电流大小约为3.4mA,持续时长为1ms,采集后进行一定的数据处理将数据存储在FLASH中。When sampling is triggered based on the acquisition of temperature and humidity events, the control unit reads the temperature and humidity sensor data through Address0 on the TWI bus address, and triggers the temperature and humidity sensor to collect data once every 30 minutes. The working current is about 3.4mA and the duration is 1ms, after collection, carry out certain data processing and store the data in FLASH.
基于采集三轴加速度事件触发采样时，控制单元通过TWI总线地址上的Address1，该采样频率是根据畜牧的动作频繁程度进行自适应的，也可以通过手机客户端进行设定，触发三轴加速度传感器得到XYZ三个方向的运动数据，畜牧单次动作的其工作电流大小约为3mA，单次持续时长为10ms，采集后进行一定的数据处理将数据存储在FLASH中。When sampling is triggered based on the collection of triaxial acceleration events, the control unit uses Address1 on the TWI bus address. The sampling frequency is adaptive according to the frequency of livestock movements. It can also be set through the mobile phone client to trigger the triaxial acceleration sensor. Obtain the motion data in the three directions of XYZ. The working current of a single animal husbandry action is about 3mA, and the duration of a single action is 10ms. After collection, certain data processing is performed to store the data in FLASH.
基于心率血氧传感器事件触发采样时，控制单元通过TWI总线地址上的Address2，根据需要按照一定的频率进行采样，其在工作状态下的平均功耗为 1mW，采集后进行一定的数据处理将数据存储到FLASH中。When sampling is triggered based on heart rate and blood oxygen sensor events, the control unit uses Address2 on the TWI bus address to sample at a certain frequency as required, and its average power consumption in the working state is 1mW. Store in FLASH.
当用户需要定位到具体的某一头畜牧，通过指令的方式使控制单元将连接 LED的通用输入/输出口GPIO(General-purpose input/output)交替置高电平和低电平，LED灯闪烁，工作电流150uA，持续时间4s。When the user needs to locate a specific livestock, the control unit will set the general-purpose input/output port GPIO (General-purpose input/output) connected to the LED alternately to a high level and a low level by means of an instruction, and the LED light will flicker and work. Current 150uA, duration 4s.
进一步的，控制单元包括核心芯片Cortex-M4F，及外围的RAM、FLASH、看门狗、内置温度传感器、SWD调试模块、DC-DC降压调节器/LDO、2.4GHz 无线电多协议、巴伦。优选256KBRAM和1024KB FLASH。Further, the control unit includes the core chip Cortex-M4F, and peripheral RAM, FLASH, watchdog, built-in temperature sensor, SWD debugging module, DC-DC step-down regulator/LDO, 2.4GHz radio multi-protocol, and balun. Preferably 256KB RAM and 1024KB FLASH.
进一步的，每隔4S，该控制单元芯片通过2.4GHz无线电多协议向数据汇聚网关或者手机客户端发送一个广播包。Further, every 4S, the control unit chip sends a broadcast packet to the data aggregation gateway or the mobile phone client through the 2.4GHz radio multi-protocol.
系统的低功耗运行流程图如图2A所示，首先，初始化所述控制单元中软件定时器，配置定时器1s、1min两个中断处理函数；初始化控制单元GPIO，配置三轴加速度Wake-up中断处理函数；协议栈初始化，设置闹钟，并且注册事件派发函数；通用访问配置文件(Generic Access Profile，GAP)初始化；添加数据透传服务和固件升级(Device FirmwareUpgrade，DFU)服务；设置广播数据和广播模式(慢速广播)；初始化传感器和FLASH；最后进行电源管理，进入低功耗模式。本系统采用基于事件触发方式：The low-power operation flow chart of the system is shown in Figure 2A. First, initialize the software timer in the control unit, and configure the two interrupt processing functions of timer 1s and 1min; initialize the control unit GPIO, and configure the three-axis acceleration Wake-up Interrupt processing function; protocol stack initialization, alarm clock setting, and registration event distribution function; general access configuration file (Generic Access Profile, GAP) initialization; add data transparent transmission service and firmware upgrade (Device FirmwareUpgrade, DFU) service; set broadcast data and Broadcast mode (slow broadcast); initialize sensors and FLASH; finally perform power management and enter low power consumption mode. The system uses an event-based trigger method:
当“系统运行时间”事件触发(参照图2B)：软件定时器1s中断；然后系统运行时间加1；当系统运行时间小于2^32次时，通过电源管理，系统进入低功耗运行模式；当系统运行时间大于2^32次时，重启系统。When the "system running time" event is triggered (refer to Figure 2B): the software timer is interrupted for 1s; then the system running time is increased by 1; when the system running time is less than 2^32 times, the system enters the low power consumption mode through power management; When the system runs for more than 2^32 times, restart the system.
当“采集温湿度”事件触发(参照图2C)：软件定时器1min中断；然后系统运行时间加1；当数据采集时间是30分钟整数倍时，初始化ADC采集电池电压，采集畜牧所处环境温湿度值，采集后系统进入低功耗运行模式。When the "acquisition temperature and humidity" event is triggered (refer to Figure 2C): the software timer is interrupted for 1 minute; then the system running time is increased by 1; when the data collection time is an integral multiple of 30 minutes, the ADC is initialized to collect the battery voltage, and the ambient temperature of the animal husbandry is collected. After the humidity value is collected, the system enters the low-power operation mode.
当“采集三轴加速度”事件触发(参照图2D)：当畜牧运动时，促使Wake-up 中断，读取三轴加速度数据，数据条数加1，采集数据按顺序保存到FLASH中，更新广播数据，然后系统进入低功耗运行模式。When the "acquisition of three-axis acceleration" event is triggered (refer to Figure 2D): when the animal husbandry is moving, Wake-up is interrupted, the three-axis acceleration data is read, the number of data is increased by 1, the collected data is saved in FLASH in order, and the broadcast is updated data, then the system enters a low-power run mode.
当“采集心率血氧”事件触发(参照图2E)：当心率血氧传感器的采样时间到，读取心率血氧数据，数据条数加1，采集数据按顺序保存到FLASH中，更新广播数据，然后系统进入低功耗运行模式。When the "collecting heart rate and blood oxygen" event is triggered (refer to Figure 2E): When the sampling time of the heart rate and blood oxygen sensor is up, read the heart rate and blood oxygen data, add 1 to the number of data items, save the collected data in FLASH in order, and update the broadcast data , and then the system enters a low-power run mode.
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施例，但本发明的保护范围不局限于此，任何不经过创造性劳动想到的变革或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any change or replacement that is not thought of through creative work shall be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope defined in the claims.
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| CN201910757983.6APendingCN110506656A (en) | 2019-08-16 | 2019-08-16 | A low-power multifunctional animal husbandry smart ear tag and its data collection method |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20191129 |